Dryer wheel of special material

Abstract

A drying wheel comprising a honeycomb matrix structure formulated with a special desiccant material whereby the drying wheel can exhibit improved performance characteristics compared to conventional silica gel and molecular sieve drying wheels.

Description

Invention Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drying technology. In particular, a drying wheel is provided that comprises a special desiccant material having improved moisture absorption properties and low reactivation energy consumption. Background of the Invention

[0003] Dehumidification is the process of removing moisture from the air. A drying wheel is a rotating substrate, also known as a rotor, containing desiccant material to continuously dehumidify the process airflow. It consists of numerous axially arranged channels that allow discrete airflows to pass through the wheel with minimal cross-mixing. Drying wheels typically consume significant amounts of energy (steam, electricity, gas, etc.) for regeneration or reactivation. For many years, efforts have been made to minimize the energy required for regeneration and / or improve the efficiency of such systems. There have also been attempts to improve the structure of drying wheels or beds.

[0004] The traditional adsorbent materials used in drying wheels (of various types) are silica gel, molecular sieves, and combinations thereof. In less than 1% of cases, polymer adsorbents are also used. Aside from silica gel and molecular sieves, which are used in over 99% of drying wheels worldwide, there are currently no other commercially available materials, only some polymer materials coated on plastic substrates, but these materials themselves have some drawbacks.

[0005] In dehumidifiers using rotary dehumidifiers, the performance of silica gel deteriorates significantly at high inlet air temperatures. Molecular sieves are mainly used in applications with high inlet air temperatures, but their reactivation process requires significant energy consumption.

[0006] In most parts of the world, rotary silica gel drying wheels are typically regenerated at around 140°C, and in some less humid regions at around 120°C; however, at lower temperatures, performance deteriorates rapidly. Molecular sieves, on the other hand, are typically regenerated at 160°C to 200°C.

[0007] The performance improvements of conventional drying wheels using traditional desiccant materials are very limited.

[0008] AU 2017208389 teaches a honeycomb matrix that is essentially a chemical filter, based on chemisorption, in which both the adsorbent and the impregnator react, and the impregnator is consumed by an irreversible chemical reaction with the pollutant gas at the molecular level, and the product is limited to removing such pollutants from an airflow.

[0009] US2016 / 0084541 teaches a trithermal adsorption cooling / heating system (e.g., a heat exchanger) based on MOF as a solid adsorbent, which operates within a specific operating range depending on the MOF used. This is essentially a closed-loop refrigeration system commonly referred to as an adsorption refrigerator.

[0010] IN202141058305 teaches the use of mesoporous materials with pore sizes ranging from 2 to 50 nm (20 to 500 Å), and correspondingly high pore volume and limited surface area. Furthermore, it does not mention the use of new materials, typically microporous materials with pore sizes of about or less than 10 Å.

[0011] IN3581 / DEL / 2014 teaches the impregnation of conventional silica-type adsorbents to manufacture drying wheels, and is limited to various silica-based and / or rotating wheels with silica-and-molecular-sieve interlayer sections.

[0012] WO2016170317 teaches a rotating silicone-coated impeller for use in passive (building) ventilation systems. This is essentially an energy recovery impeller, where energy, heat, and latent heat / moisture are recovered / exchanged between two airflows within the building: one entering the building and one exiting. The impeller rotates at approximately 20 rpm, a typical speed for well-known energy recovery impellers, referred to in this patent as a passive drying impeller. There is no thermal activation of the impeller in the application taught in this patent. This is not a thermally activated desiccant dehumidifier impeller that typically rotates at less than 20 rph (revolutions per hour).

[0013] IN202121036565 teaches a conventional drying wheel using silica gel, activated alumina, or molecular sieves, or mixtures / complexes thereof. This is limited to conventionally known adsorbents, primarily silica gel.

[0014] US 2011 / 0067426 teaches various combinations between metals and ligands, which form the basis for the manufacture of any MOF, as taught in Fundamentals of Chemistry. It does not teach the selection and manufacture of specific MOFs for water adsorption or desiccant dehumidification. While it broadly teaches the use of such adsorbents in devices, it further does not teach intermediate steps for manufacturing specific water-selective adsorbents, nor for formulating these adsorbents into porous substrates for conversion into honeycomb matrices, or for manufacturing rotors. It discusses different forms of MOF materials, such as granules, powders, membranes, etc., for direct use in devices, which is not feasible in current devices.

[0015] US12263464 (B2) primarily teaches a new method for manufacturing novel materials such as MOF, COF and ZIF within and on porous substrates, and is not limited to water vapor adsorption for desiccant dehumidification in the form of a rotating wheel.

[0016] US Standard 20220260262A1 teaches the use of drying wheels for commercial AHUs (Air Handling Units), specifically for commercial buildings, application-specific dehumidification wheels, i.e., without any thermal activation; furthermore, the selected adsorbent has an adsorption and desorption band of 25% or lower relative humidity. Thermally activated drying wheels have a wide range of adsorption relative humidity, up to 100%, with desorbed air having a relative humidity less than 3% of the adsorbed air. Furthermore, the adsorbents are limited to those exhibiting S-shaped adsorption isotherms.

[0017] US 20220390127A1 does not mention or teach about thermally activated honeycomb drying wheels.

[0018] Therefore, there is a need in the art to provide a drying wheel formulated with special desiccant materials to not only achieve improved water adsorption but also reduce the energy required for reactivation.

[0019] To overcome the limitations of the prior art, particularly in terms of scalability and application versatility, this invention provides a drying wheel with a special desiccant material, which effectively overcomes at least some of the limitations of conventional desiccants. The drying wheel of this invention has one or more of the following advantages: high adsorption performance, low reactivation energy, high water absorption rate, high specific surface area, high porosity, high hydrolytic stability, high thermal stability, high hydrothermal stability, long-term cycling stability, and faster kinetic performance. Invention Overview

[0021] This invention utilizes a special desiccant material formulated "above and within" a porous substrate to construct a honeycomb matrix. Unlike conventional / traditional silica gel and molecular sieves, many desiccant materials are prone to significant performance degradation or failure after multiple cycles of use. However, this invention provides a drying wheel formulated with a special desiccant material that can provide sustained stable performance for more than 50,000 cycles.

[0022] The special desiccant material is "formulated throughout the porous substrate." It is uniformly integrated into the entire structure of the porous substrate within the honeycomb matrix contained in the drying wheel, thereby increasing the surface area. This enhances the adsorbent-adsorbate interaction, thus improving adsorption efficiency.

[0023] The drying wheel of the present invention includes honeycomb channels, which maximizes the surface area of ​​air in contact with special desiccant material, thereby minimizing the pressure drop of the airflow passing through the drying wheel bed.

[0024] In one aspect of the invention, a drying wheel comprising a honeycomb matrix structure is provided, the honeycomb matrix structure comprising a plurality of honeycombs, the honeycomb matrix structure comprising a porous substrate and at least one special desiccant material formulated on and within the porous substrate, wherein the special desiccant material is selected from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), zeolite imidazole ester frameworks (ZIFs), inorganic materials, and combinations thereof; wherein the special desiccant material is characterized by at least one or more of the following properties: the special desiccant material is porous; the special desiccant material is microporous with a pore size less than 15 angstroms; the special desiccant material has a pore size of 500 to 10000 μm. 2 / g surface area; the regeneration temperature of the special desiccant material is below 120°C; and the special desiccant material provides sustained performance in at least 50,000 repeated operating cycles; wherein, under the same operating conditions, the energy requirement of a drying wheel with a special desiccant material capable of regeneration at ≤120°C is at least 10% lower in kilowatts consumed per kilogram of water removed compared to a drying wheel with a silica gel-type desiccant material; and wherein, under the same conditions, the moisture removal capacity of a drying wheel with a special desiccant material capable of regeneration at ≤120°C is at least 10% higher in kilograms of water removed per kilogram of air compared to a drying wheel with a silica gel-type desiccant material.

[0025] In one aspect of the invention, the special desiccant material is selected from graded desiccant materials, non-graded desiccant materials, multi-component desiccant materials, and combinations thereof.

[0026] In one aspect of the invention, the special desiccant material has a type I adsorption isotherm, a type II adsorption isotherm, a type III adsorption isotherm, a type IV adsorption isotherm, a type V adsorption isotherm, a type VI adsorption isotherm, or any type S adsorption isotherm.

[0027] In one aspect of the invention, a special desiccant material having an S-shaped adsorption isotherm is characterized by a moisture absorption of more than 40% at 50% RH to 100% RH.

[0028] In one aspect of the invention, the weight ratio of the special desiccant material to the porous substrate is as high as 8:1.

[0029] In one aspect of the invention, the plurality of cellular channels have a cross-section that is polygonal, square, triangular, circular, sinusoidal, rectangular, hexagonal, linear, zigzag, oblique, or herringbone.

[0030] In one aspect of the invention, the channel spacing is in the range of 2.5-5 mm, and the channel height is in the range of 1.0-3 mm.

[0031] In another aspect of the invention, the honeycomb matrix structure includes a single wound face or multiple stacked faces.

[0032] In another aspect of the invention, the drying wheel with a special desiccant material has a regeneration temperature of ≤70°C, ≤60°C, or ≤50°C; and under the same operating conditions, compared with a drying wheel with a silica gel desiccant material, it removes up to 30% or more of moisture per kilogram of air; and has an energy efficiency of up to 30% or more per kilogram of water removed.

[0033] In another aspect of the invention, the dehydration and absorption time (down to 30% saturation) of the drying wheel substrate is reduced by at least 60% compared to the silica gel drying wheel substrate.

[0034] In another aspect of the invention, the drying wheel matrix material has a moisture adsorption capacity ranging from 0.5 to 1.8 times its weight at 100% relative humidity (RH).

[0035] In another aspect of the invention, the special desiccant material is selected from CAU-10H, CAU-23, CAU-30, MIL-160(Al), aluminum fumarate, aluminum terephthalate, UiO-66, UiO-66-NH2, UiO-67, MOF-801, MOF-802, MOF-841, PCN-222, MIL-100(Fe), MIL-101(Fe), MIL-53(Fe), MIL-101(Cr), MIL-100(Cr), MIL-53(Cr), HKUST-1, Cu-BDC, MIL-125(Ti), NH2-MIL-125(Ti), Ni-CPO-27, MOF- 808, NU-1000, NU-1200, MOF-802, Co2Cl2BTDD, Cr-soc-MOF-1, MOF-573, MOF-805, MOF-806, MOF-812, MIL-53(Al), Co-MOF-74, Mg-MOF-74, NOTT-400, M IL-121, CAU-3, MFM-300, Al-NDC, Ga-soc-MOF, IRMOF-1, IRMOF-3, MOF-177, MOF-205, MOF-210, PCN-124, MIL-68(In), MOF-DRIF2, Cu-TDPAT, Zn-TDPAT , UiO-68, MIL-88, PCN-333, NU-1400, MOF-525, SIFSIX, MOF-DRIF3, TIFSIX, Cu-BTTri, MIL-125(Ti), NH2-MIL-125(Ti), MOF-573, MOF-525, Bio-MOF- 11. MOF-DRIF4, Tb-mesoMOF, Cu-TCPP, Zr-NDC, BUT-17, FJI-HMOF, Al-MOF-235, Al-MIL-69, Al-PMOF, MIL-47(V), MIL-68(Ga), Fe-soc-MOF, Cu-MOF-50 5. Cu-TZP, Cu-TPT, Cu-CPF-5, RE-fcu-MOFs, Ce-UiO-66, Ce-UiO-67, Yb-MOFs (Yb-MOF-76), MOF-DRIF5, Mg-MOF-235, Zn-MOF-235, Bio-MOF-100, UTSA- 16(Cu-TATB), UTSA-60, DUT-67(Zr), DUT-4(Al), [Ni2(dobdc)], Zn-triazoleate PCPs, MOF-DRIF1, MOROF-1, MOF-841(Sc), CAU-21, CAU-36, ZrTUD-1, InOF-1,Ni-MOF-202, Zn-MOF-74, KMF-1, CAU-26, FIR-53, UiO-611, UiO-67, UiO-68 、Ni8(OH)4(BDC)6(DUT-8(Ni))、Ti3-MIL-88B-NH2、CAU-13、SBMOF-1、SBMO F-2、MFU-4、MFU-4l、FMOF-1、FMOF-2、CAU-13、IR-MOF-8、DMOF(Zn)、CAU-21 、CAU-26、CAU-36、MIP-200(Al)、Al-PF-1、ICR-2、ICR-7、PCN-777(Zr)、BUT -66(Zr)、PCN-608(Zr)、DUT-52(Zr)、MIP-202(Zr)、IFP-1、IFP-8、MAF-X27 -Fe、MAF-X8-Co、DMOF-1、NKMOF-1-Ni、CPL-2、CPL-4(Ni(pyz)(NO3)2)、InO F-1、FIR-53、MOF-199、MFM-300(In)、MIL-68(In)-BDC-NO2、Ti-CAT-5、Ti- HTA-1、CAU-22-Ln、MOF-76-Ln、PCP-Ln、MIL-96(Al)、MIL-140A(Zr)、Cu-BD C-BPY, Cu-BPyDC, Cu-QPTC, Zn-TBAPy, ZJU-28, POST-66, CAU-24, ALF-1, MO F-5、UiO-66-(OH)2、UiO-66-(COOH)2、UiO-66-Br、UiO-66-(CF3)2、MOF-30 3、UiO-67-NH2、UiO-67-(OH)2、MOF-801-SO4、MOF-802-NH2、MOF-802-(OH) 2、NU-1100、NU-1101、NU-1103、MIL-120(Al)、MIL-122(Al)、MIL-53-NH2(A l)、MIL-53-(OH)2(Al)、CAU-10-COOH、CAU-10-OH、CAU-12、CAU-15、Al-TCP P-MOF、MIL-53-NH2(Fe)、MIL-68(Fe)、MIL-127(Fe)、PCN-250(Fe)、Fe-BDC -NO2MOFs、Fe-BTC-NH2、Fe-BPDC、Cu-BTC-NH2、Cu-TATB、Cu-TPA、Cu-PMOF、 Cu-HHTP、Cu-CP-MOFs、Zn-MOF-74-NH2、Mg-dobpdc、Ni-dobpdc、Co-CUK-1、Co-MOF-253, JLU-Liu-10, JLU-Liu-20, AZMOF-1, AZMOF-2, FJI-MOF-8, FJI-MOF-11, FJU-90, CPM-200-In, MIP-200-NH2, NENU-500, NENU-511, UiO-66-SO3H, UiO-67-SO3H, PCN-224, PCN-225, Mg2(dobpdc), TpPa-1, TpPa-2, COF-1, COF-5, COF-6, COF-8, TpBD, COF-LZU1, Tp-Azo, COF-300, TpTt, COF-42, COF-43, N-COF, TpNDI, COF-JLU6, TpBpy, COF-320, PyVg-COF, Tp-DANT-COF, COF-366, Tp-DMTP-COF, COF-PI, Tp-Eth, COF-OMe, COF-F, Tp-Ph, COF-BPDA, COF-TpPa-NH2, COF-TBD:COF-102, COF-103, COF-108, COF-202, COF-203, COF-432, COF-505, TpPa-NO2, COF-DRIF1, COF-506, COF-507, COF-508, COF-909, COF-910, COF-912, COF-919, COF-920, CTF-1, CTF-2, CTF-3, CTF-4, TAPT-COF, HT-COF, COF-F3, FCTF-1, PcPBBA, FCTF-2, FCOF-1, FCOF-2, Porphyrin COF-366-Fe, Porphyrin-COF-367, COF-Porph-v2, Pc-COF, DhaTph COF, TpDha COF, COF-OH, TpPa(OH)-COF, TpBD-(NO2), (ICOF-1), ICOF-2, ICOF-3, Sulfated COFs, COF-150, COF-170, COF-1, COF-180, COF-200, COF-300, COF-300-MeNH2, COF-DHTA, COF-DAAQ, COF-DRIF2, Azo-COF-1, Azo-COF-2, TFB-DHzD COF, COF-TpBD-(OH)2, COF-SDU1, EB-COF-1, COF-TpDb, Py-COF, PyTTA-COF, DPP-COF-1, HNU-25, HNU-30, 3D-Py-COF, 3D-CuPc-COF, 3D-Salphen COF, TpPa-F4COF-TTI, COF-TFPB, AA-COFs, COF-480, COF-482, TPB-DMTP-COF, COF-432, JUC-353, ZIF-7, ZIF-8, ZIF-67, ZIF-71, ZIF-90, ZIF-93, ZIF-94, ZIF-95, ZIF-100, ZIF-300, ZIF-301, ZIF-302, ZIF-L, ZIF-4, ZIF-20, ZIF-25, ZIF-68, ZIF-69, ZIF-78, ZIF-81, ZIF-82, ZIF-204, ZIF-1, ZIF-2, ZIF-3, ZIF-DRIF2, ZIF-6, ZIF-10, ZIF-11, ZIF-12, ZIF-71a, ZIF-201, ZIF-202, ZIF-203, ZIF-DRIF, ZIF-13, ZIF-,. ZIF-16, ZIF-17, ZIF-18, ZIF-19, ZIF-21, ZIF-22, ZIF-23, ZIF-24, ZIF-26, ZIF-27, ZIF-28, ZIF-29, ZIF-70, ZIF-DRIF1, ZIF-72, ZIF-73, ZIF-74, ZIF-76, ZIF-77, ZIF-79, ZIF-80, ZIF-202a, ZIF-8-NH2, ZIF-8-SO3H, ZIF-8-COOH, ZIF-8-OH, ZIF-67-NH2, ZIF-L-NH2, ZIF-30, ZIF-31, ZIF-32, ZIF-33, ZIF-34, ZIF-35, ZIF-36, ZIF-37, ZIF-38, ZIF-39, ZIF-40, ZIF-41, ZIF-42, ZIF-DRIF2, ZIF-43, ZIF-44, ZIF-45, ZIF-46, ZIF-47, ZIF-48, ZIF-49, ZIF-50, ZIF-51, ZIF-52, ZIF-53, ZIF-54, ZIF-55, ZIF-56, ZIF-57, ZIF-58, ZIF-59, ZIF-60, ZIF-61, ZIF-62, ZIF-63, ZIF-64, ZIF-65, ZIF-66, transition metal complexes, cyanometalates, and combinations thereof.,

[0036] In another aspect of the invention, the special desiccant material has at least one metal selected from Al, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Ti, Pb, Bi, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and combinations thereof.

[0037] In another aspect of the invention, the special desiccant material has at least one ligand selected from the following: phenyl-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, phenyl-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, biphenyl dicarboxylic acid, azobenzene dicarboxylic acid, 4,4-bipyridine, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, 2,2-bipyridine, triazine-1,3,5-tribenzoate, tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)methane, hexa(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene, tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin, benzene, perylene, 2-butenedioic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, aminohydroxyterephthalic acid, 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, 4-hydroxy -3-Methoxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, 1,3,5,7-adamantanetetracarboxylic acid, 4,4-azopyridine, malonic acid, 2,2-dicyano-4,4-biphenyl dicarboxylic acid ester, 5,5-dihydroxy-1,1-binaphthyl-5,5-dicarboxylic acid ester, 4,4,4-triazine-1,3,5-trimethyltri-p-aminobenzoate, biphenyl-3,4,5-tricarboxylic acid ester, 5-(4-carboxybenzoylamino)isophthalate, bicyclo[2,2,2]octane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, acetoxalic acid (Ethyloxalic acid) 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, biphenyl-4,4-dicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, phenyltribenzoic acid, phenyltriphenylcarboxylic acid, cyclobutyl-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, terephthalaldehyde, 4,4-biphenyldicarboxaldehyde, 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde, 2,5-dimethoxyterephthalaldehyde, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalaldehyde, 2,4,6-tricarboxymethyl-resorcinol, 2,4,6-tricarboxymethyl-resorcinol Bisphenol, 1,3,5-tricarboxyphenyl, 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)benzene, 2,4,6-tris(4-formylphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, 1,4-diaminobenzene, 2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid, 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-diamine, 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone, tris(4-aminophenyl)amine, 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene, 4,4,4-(1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene) -Triazine-2,4,6-triyl)triphenylamine, 2,5,8-triamino-1,3,4,6,7,9b-heptaazaphenalene, tetra(4-aminophenyl)methane, 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin, 1,4-phenylenediboronic acid, 4,4-biphenylenediboronic acid, 9,9-Dimethylfluorene-2,7-diboronic acid, 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxybenzophenanthrene, hydrazine monohydrate, 4-aminobenzoylhydrazine, cyanuric chloride, 3,4-dihydroxy-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione, 1,1'-(1,4-Phenylidene diurea, terephthalonitrile, tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile, p-xylene dicyanide, hydrazine carbohydrazonohydrazide hydrochloride, phenyl-1,3,5-tricarboxylhydrazine, 2,5-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)terephthalohydrazine, tris(4-formylphenyl)amine, phenyl-1,3,5-tricarboxaldehyde, 1,3,6,8-tetra(p-formylphenyl)pyrene, 2,2-dimethylbenzidine, benzotrithiophene, 4,4-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl)diphenylamine, 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin, tetraphenylethylene, tetraphenylmethane, thiophene, benzo[a]phenanthrene, tetraphenylpyrene, tetrathiofulvalene, hexaazaben[a]phenanthrene, dehydrobenzo[a]anthene zoannulene), hexaphenylbenzene, trioxazatrigonene, pyrenetetramine, tetra(4-ethynylphenyl)ethylene, 4,4-diaminodiphenyl ether, 2,6-diaminopyridine, 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine, tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane, 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzene, 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)triazine, 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, 1,3,5-benzenetriacetic acid, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, benzene-1,3,5-trionitrile, 4,4,4-tris(ethynyl)triphenylamine, 1,3,5-tris(4-ethynylphenyl)benzene 2,4,6-Tris(4-ethynylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, Benzene-1,3,5-tris(sulfonyl chloride), Tris(trimethylbenzene) chloride, 2,4,6-Tris(chlorocarbonyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,5-thiophene dicarboxaldehyde, 2,5-thiophene diamine, 2,3-dimethoxyterephthalaldehyde, 2,5-dinitroterephthalaldehyde, 2,5-diaminoterephthalic acid, 4,4-diamino-3,3'-dihydroxybiphenyl, 3,3-diaminobenzidine, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, 2,6-diaminonaphthalene, 4,4'-diaminostilbene, 1,3,5-tris(aminomethyl)benzene, 1,3,5-tris( 4-Aminophenyl)triazine, 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)ethane, 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)triazine, 2,6-diformylpyridine, 2,6-diformylpyridine, 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)cyclohexane, 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenoxy)benzene, 2,3,6,7-tetraaminonaphthalene, 2,3,6,7-tetra(formyl)phenazine, hexa(4-aminophenyl)benzene, imidazole, 2-methylimidazolium, 2-ethylimidazolium, 2-propylimidazolium, 2-butylimidazolium, 2-isopropylimidazolium, 2-isobutylimidazolium, 2-phenylimidazolium, benzimidazole, 5,6-Dimethylbenzimidazole, 5-Nitrobenzimidazole, 2-Nitroimidazole, 4-Nitroimidazole, 2-Chloroimidazole, 4-Chloroimidazole, 2-Bromoimidazole, 2-Iodoimidazole, 2-Fluorimidazole, 4-Fluorimidazole, 2-Trifluoromethylimidazole, 4-Trifluoromethylimidazole, 2-Cyanimidazole, 4-Cyanimidazole, 2-Aminoimidazole, 4-Aminoimidazole, 2-Hydroxyimidazole, 4-Hydroxyimidazole, 4,5-Dihydroxyimidazole, 2-Mercaptoimidazole, 4-Mercaptoimidazole, 2-Carboxyimidazole, 4-Carboxyimidazole, Imidazole-2-Carbaldehyde, Imidazole-4-Carbaldehyde, 1-Methylimidazole, 1-Ethylimidazole, 1-Propylimidazole, 1-Butylimidazole, 1-Benzylimidazole, 2-Isopropylimidazole, 4-Isopropylimidazole, 2,4-Dimethylimidazole, 2,5-Di... Methylimidazole, 2,4,5-trimethylimidazole, 4,5-dimethylimidazole, 2-formylimidazole, 4-formylimidazole, 2-methoxyimidazole, 4-methoxyimidazole, 2-ethoxyimidazole, 2-acetylimidazole, 2-propionylimidazole, 2-pyridylimidazole, 4-pyridylimidazole, 2-thienylimidazole, 2-furanylimidazole, 4-furanylimidazole, 2-indolylimidazole, N-methylbenzimidazole, N-ethylbenzimidazole, 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazole, 2-(2-aminoethyl)imidazole, 2-(2-carboxyethyl)imidazole, 2-(2-methoxyethyl)imidazole, 2-vinylimidazole, 4-vinylimidazole, 2-(4-nitrophenyl)imidazole, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazole, 2-(3-chlorobenzene)imidazole 2-(4-Carboxyphenyl)imidazolium, 2-(4-Aminophenyl)imidazolium, 2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)imidazolium, 2-(3,5-Dinitrophenyl)imidazolium, 2-Naphthylimidazolium, 2-Styrylimidazolium, 2-(2-Thienylmethyl)imidazolium, 2-(2-Furfuralmethyl)imidazolium, 2-(4-Pyridinylmethyl)imidazolium, 2-(3-Pyridinylmethyl)imidazolium, 2-Hydroxybenzimidazole, 5-Nitrosaminobenzimidazole, 2-(Hydroxyphenyl)imidazolium, 2-(Sulfoylphenyl)imidazolium, 2-(Carboxyphenyl)imidazolium, 2-(Aminophenyl)imidazolium, 2-Cinnamylimidazole, 2-Acetaminoimidazole, 2-Benzylimidazolium, 2-Iso Butyrylimidazolium, 2-naphthoylimidazolium, 2-pyrazinylimidazolium, 2-quinolinylimidazolium, E-but-2-eneic acid, 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, 4-amino-1,2,3,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid, cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid, (ethane-1,2-diamine)tetraacetic acid, 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid, 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (BTC), Benzene-1,3,5-disulfonic acid, 5-sulfophenyl-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, phenylphosphonic acid, 2,5-thiophene dicarboxylic acid, (2-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid, 2,4,6-trisulfonyl-1,3,5-Triazine, 1H-Imidazol-2-carboxaldehyde, 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid, Naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid ester, 4,4'-((E)-diazepine-1,2-diyl)dibenzoic acid, 4,4',4''-nitrilotribenzoic acid (acid), pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)methane, furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-biphenyl dicarboxylic acid, 4,4',4''-tricarboxylic acid, 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene, (4,4',4''-triazine-2,4,6-triyl-tribenzoic acid), (1,3,6,8-tetra(p-benzoic acid)pyrene), 4,4'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid ester, biphenyl-3,3',5,5'- Tetracarboxylic acid, terephthalaldehyde (benzene-1,4-dicarboxaldehyde), 1,3,5-tricarboxyphenyl, tricarboxymethyl phloroglucinol (Tp), pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetracarboxaldehyde (pyrene-TdA), 1,4-diaminobenzene, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4',4'',4'''-(porphyrin-5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl)tetraphenylamine, p-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, succinic acid, 1,4-butanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-butenedicarboxylic acid Carboxylic acids, 4-oxopyran-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, decanedic acid, 1,8-heptadecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,6-hexanedicarboxylic acid, heptadecanedicarboxylic acid, acetylenedicarboxylic acid, 1,9-heptadecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-benzenedic acid, 1,3-benzenedic acid, 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-benzenedic acid, p-benzenedic acid, imidazole-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, 2-methylquinoline-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, quinoxaline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 6-chloro Quinoxalo-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-butadiene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diaminobenzylmethane-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, quinoline-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, diimide dicarboxylic acid, pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 2-methylimidazolium-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 7-chloro-4-hydroxyquinoline-2,8-dicarboxylic acid, thiophene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, tetrahydropyran-4,4-dicarboxylic acid, perylene-3,9-dicarboxylic acid, 2-isopropylimidazolium-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, perylene dicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 200 dicarboxylic acid, 3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, octane dicarboxylic acid, pentane-3,3-carboxylic acid, 3,6-dioxaoctane dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diamino-1,1*-biphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl-3,3-dicarboxylic acid, benzidine-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, 1,1'-binaphthyl dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-bis(phenylamino)phenyl-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, 7-chloro-8-methylquinoline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1-anilinoanthraquinone-2,4'-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-bis(carboxymethyl)piperazine-2,3-Dicarboxylic acid, phenylinanedicarboxylic acid, 7-chloroquinoline-3,8-dicarboxylic acid, polytetrahydrofuran-250-dicarboxylic acid, 1-(4-carboxy)phenyl-3-(4-chloro)phenylpyrazoline-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-dibenzyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-dibenzyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4,5-cis-dicarboxylic acid, 2,2-biquinoline-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, 2-benzoylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, 3,5-pyrazolidinedicarboxylic acid, pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, 3,6,9-trioxaundecandicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 300 dicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 400 dicarboxylic acid, hydroxybenzophenone dicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 600 dicarboxylic acid, pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, bis(4-aminophenyl)sulfone diimide-dicarboxylic acid, 5,6-dimethyl-2,3-pyrazine dicarboxylic acid, bis(4-aminophenyl) ether diimide dicarboxylic acid, 2,3-pyrazine dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane diimide dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-adamantane dicarboxylic acid, 1,8-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 2,3-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 8-methoxy-2,3-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 8-sulfon-2,3-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, anthracene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 8-nitro-2,3-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (8-nitro-2,3-naphthalenecarboxylic acid) 4,3'-diphenyl-p-terphenyl-4,4''-dicarboxylic acid, (diphenyl ether)-4,4-dicarboxylic acid, 4(1H)oxothiochromene-2,8-dicarboxylic acid, imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 5-tert-butyl-1,3-benzenedilic acid, 7,8-quinolinedicarboxylic acid, 4,5-imidazolium dicarboxylic acid, and combinations thereof.

[0038] In one aspect of the invention, the porous substrate of the honeycomb structure is selected from glass fiber, ceramic fiber, natural fiber, synthetic fiber, biosoluble fiber, pulp and combinations thereof, and optionally reinforced with 2-8% by weight of a hardener selected from silica sol, alumina sol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate and acrylate.

[0039] In another aspect of the invention, the porous substrate of the honeycomb structure optionally includes at least one adhesive selected from cellulose, polymer resin, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate, water glass, alumina sol, silica sol, and combinations thereof.

[0040] In one aspect of the invention, the special desiccant material optionally further comprises at least one additive, such as graphene, nano-carbon-based materials, and titanium salts, to improve kinetics and / or performance.

[0041] In another aspect of the invention, at least one antimicrobial additive, such as silver, copper, titanium, nickel salts and other materials with similar properties, may be added.

[0042] In another aspect of the invention, a method for manufacturing a drying wheel is provided, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a porous substrate; (b) contacting the porous substrate with a first solution comprising a metal salt or an organic linker and optionally at least one curing agent; (c) forming a honeycomb matrix structure from the porous substrate, the honeycomb matrix structure comprising a plurality of channels; (d) contacting the matrix structure with a second solution comprising a metal salt or an organic linker to synthesize a special desiccant material in situ on and within the matrix structure to obtain a formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix; and (e) activating the formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix and forming a drying wheel.

[0043] In another aspect of the invention, a method for manufacturing a drying wheel is provided, comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a slurry comprising a special desiccant material and a binder; (b) contacting a porous substrate with the slurry to formulate the desiccant material on and within the porous substrate; (c) forming a honeycomb matrix structure comprising multiple channels from the porous substrate to obtain a formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix; and (d) activating the formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix and forming a drying wheel.

[0044] In one aspect of the invention, a method for manufacturing a drying wheel is provided, comprising the steps of: (a) obtaining a honeycomb matrix structure formed from a porous substrate, the honeycomb matrix structure including a plurality of channels; (b) contacting the matrix structure with a first solution containing a metal salt or an organic linker; (c) contacting the matrix structure from step (b) with a second solution containing a metal salt or an organic linker to synthesize a special desiccant material in situ on and within the matrix structure to obtain a formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix; and (d) activating the formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix and forming a drying wheel.

[0045] In one aspect of the invention, a method for manufacturing a drying wheel is provided, comprising the steps of: (a) obtaining a honeycomb matrix structure formed from a porous substrate, the honeycomb matrix structure including a plurality of channels; (b) contacting the matrix structure with a slurry comprising at least a special desiccant material and an adhesive; and (c) activating the formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix and forming a drying wheel.

[0046] In one aspect of the invention, a drying wheel is provided, which is configured for use in battery manufacturing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, electronic device manufacturing, cold chain processing, HVAC dehumidifiers, industrial drying, and other industrial and commercial applications.

[0047] The reduction in reactivation energy and the enhancement in water removal capacity complement each other, giving the drying wheel of the present invention significant advantages and benefits.

[0048] Purpose of the invention

[0049] The present invention relates to providing a drying wheel formulated with a special desiccant material. Compared to commonly used silica gel drying wheels, these special desiccant materials are highly porous, with a surface area of ​​500 m². 2 / g to 10000 m 2 / g, and optimized for energy efficiency and enhanced moisture adsorption performance at regeneration temperatures below 120°C. Brief description of the attached diagram

[0051] Figure 1a A diagram illustrating a first process for preparing the drying wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 1b A diagram illustrating a second process for preparing the drying wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 1c A diagram illustrating the third process for preparing the drying wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 1d A diagram illustrating the fourth process for preparing the drying wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 2 Illustrations of MOF / ZIF with 1-D, 2-D and 3-D geometries according to embodiments of the present invention are shown.

[0056] Figure 3a Illustrations of multi-element MOF / ZIF with 1-D, 2-D and 3-D geometries according to embodiments of the present invention are shown.

[0057] Figure 3b Illustrations of multi-element MOF / ZIF with 1-D, 2-D and 3-D geometries according to embodiments of the present invention are shown.

[0058] Figure 3c Illustrations of multi-element MOF / ZIF with 1-D, 2-D and 3-D geometries according to embodiments of the present invention are shown.

[0059] Figure 4The illustration shows an additive according to an embodiment of the present invention combined with a MOF to form a MOF composite material.

[0060] Figure 5 Illustrations of COFs with 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D geometries according to embodiments of the present invention are shown.

[0061] Figure 6 The diagram illustrates the performance of MOF-DRIF1, MOF-DRIF2, MOF-DRIF3, MOF-DRIF4 and MOF-DRIF5 according to embodiments of the present invention, relative to silica gel at different %RH (10-100%), representing the percentage of water adsorption (%). Invention Details

[0063] In the following description, various specific details are set forth for purposes of explanation in order to provide a full understanding of embodiments of the invention. However, it will be apparent, however, that embodiments of the invention can be practiced without these specific details. Each of the several features described below can be used independently of each other or in any combination with other features. A single feature may not solve any of the problems discussed above, or may only solve one of the problems discussed above. Some of the problems discussed above may not be fully solved by any of the features described herein. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described below as illustrated in the various figures.

[0064] The term "drying wheel" refers to a rotating honeycomb structure divided into simple adsorption and regeneration sections or multiple sections to cyclically adsorb moisture from process air and desorb it into a heated regeneration gas stream.

[0065] Throughout this specification, the term "special desiccant material" refers to all adsorbents other than (various) silica gel / metal silicates Al2(SiO3)3 and molecular sieves, which are currently used in over 99% of (various) open-loop desiccant dehumidification devices and applications. More specifically, special desiccant materials possess one or more of the following characteristics: high adsorption performance, high porosity, crystallinity, and a pH of 500 to 10000 m. 2 High surface area in the range of / g, low regeneration temperature less than 120°C, faster kinetics, high water absorption, high hydrolytic stability, high thermal stability, high hydrothermal stability, and long-term cycling stability (more than 50,000 repeated operating cycles). Such materials include Type I isotherm materials: materials with steep absorption at very low RH, which are beneficial for ultra-drying applications, including materials showing an S-shaped curve, materials showing a Type II isotherm, materials showing a Type III isotherm, materials showing a Type IV isotherm, materials showing a Type V isotherm, and materials showing a Type VI isotherm.

[0066] The drying wheel of the present invention includes honeycomb channels, which are used to maximize the contact surface area between air and special desiccant material, thereby minimizing the air pressure drop across the drying wheel bed.

[0067] The present invention provides a drying wheel including a honeycomb substrate structure, the honeycomb substrate structure including a plurality of honeycombs, the honeycomb substrate structure including a porous substrate and at least one special desiccant material formulated on and within the porous substrate.

[0068] In one embodiment, the special desiccant material is selected from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), zeolite imidazole ester frameworks (ZIFs), inorganic materials, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the special desiccant material is one or more MOFs. In one embodiment, the special desiccant material is one or more ZIFs. In one embodiment, the special desiccant material is one or more COFs. In one embodiment, the special desiccant material is one or more inorganic materials. In one embodiment, the special desiccant material is at least one inorganic material and at least one or more of MOFs, COFs, or ZIFs.

[0069] In one embodiment, the special desiccant material is characterized by at least one or more of the following properties: the special desiccant material is porous; the special desiccant material is microporous with a pore size of less than 15 angstroms; the special desiccant material has a pore size of 500 to 10000 m... 2 / g surface area; regeneration temperature of special desiccant material below 120°C; and special desiccant material provides sustained performance over at least 50,000 repeated operating cycles.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment, the special desiccant material is characterized by the following properties: the special desiccant material is porous; the special desiccant material is microporous with a pore size of less than 15 angstroms; the special desiccant material has a pore size of 500 to 10000 m. 2 / g surface area; regeneration temperature of special desiccant material below 120°C; and special desiccant material provides sustained performance over at least 50,000 repeated operating cycles.

[0071] In one embodiment, the regeneration temperature of the special desiccant material is below 120°C. In another embodiment, the regeneration temperature of the special desiccant material is below 105°C, 100°C, 95°C, 90°C, 85°C, 80°C, 75°C, 70°C, 60°C, or 50°C.

[0072] In one embodiment, the special desiccant material is passively regenerated through humidity oscillation, wherein the regeneration portion of the drying wheel is activated by air at room temperature without additional heat. This phenomenon is known as passive dehumidification, utilizing the difference in moisture absorption between 50% and 100% RH. In a specific embodiment, MOF-DRIF5 is a suitable desiccant material for passive dehumidification, exhibiting a significant difference in moisture absorption between 50% and 100% RH. In one embodiment, the difference in moisture absorption is greater than 40%.

[0073] In one implementation, under the same operating conditions, the energy requirement of a drying wheel formulated with a special desiccant material with a regeneration temperature ≤120°C is at least 10% lower in kilowatts per kilogram of water removed compared to a drying wheel with a silica gel-type desiccant material.

[0074] In one embodiment, under the same conditions, a drying wheel formulated with a special desiccant material with a regeneration temperature ≤120°C has a moisture removal capacity that is at least 10% higher per kilogram of air than a drying wheel with a silica gel-type desiccant material.

[0075] In a preferred embodiment, the special desiccant material is characterized by a micropore size of less than 15 angstroms and a surface area of ​​500 to 10,000 m². 2 / g, regeneration temperature below 120°C, sustained performance in at least 50,000 repeated operating cycles, under the same operating conditions, compared with a drying wheel with silica gel-type desiccant material, the energy requirement of a drying wheel formulated with a special desiccant material with a regeneration temperature ≤120°C is reduced by at least 10% in terms of kilowatts consumed per kilogram of water removed, and under the same conditions, the moisture removal capacity of a drying wheel formulated with a special desiccant material with a regeneration temperature ≤120°C is at least 10% higher in terms of kilograms of water removed per kilogram of air compared with a drying wheel with silica gel-type desiccant material.

[0076] In one embodiment, the channel has a cross-section selected from polygons, squares, triangles, or sine waves. In a preferred embodiment, the channel has a sinusoidal cross-section. In one embodiment, multiple cellular channels are arranged in a straight line, zigzag, diagonal, or herringbone pattern.

[0077] In one embodiment, the honeycomb structure is formulated with one special desiccant material. In another embodiment, the honeycomb structure is formulated with two special desiccant materials. In another embodiment, the honeycomb structure is formulated with more than two special desiccant materials. In one embodiment, the honeycomb structure formulated with one or more special desiccant materials further comprises at least one adhesive.

[0078] In one embodiment, the special desiccant material provides sustained performance through at least 60,000, 70,000, 80,000, 90,000, 120,000, 150,000, 200,000, 300,000, or 500,000 repetitive operating cycles. Those skilled in the art will understand that any number of cycles between 50,000 and 500,000 is also considered disclosed.

[0079] In one implementation, the surface area of ​​the special desiccant material is up to 10,000 m². 2 / g. In one embodiment, the surface area of ​​the special desiccant material is up to 9000 m². 2 / g. In one embodiment, the surface area of ​​the special desiccant material is up to 8000 m². 2 / g. In one embodiment, the surface area of ​​the special desiccant material is up to 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000 or 7000 m². 2 / g. Those skilled in the art should understand that any quantity between 500 and 10,000 is also considered to be disclosed.

[0080] In one embodiment, the special desiccant material is selected from CAU-10H, CAU-23, CAU-30, MIL-160(Al), aluminum fumarate, aluminum terephthalate, UiO-66, UiO-66-NH2, UiO-67, MOF-801, MOF-802, MOF-841, PCN-222, MIL-100(Fe), MIL-101(Fe), MIL-53(Fe), MIL-101(Cr), MIL-100(Cr), MIL-53(Cr), HKUST-1, Cu-BDC, MIL-125(Ti), NH2-MIL-125(Ti), Ni-CPO-27, MOF-8 08. NU-1000, NU-1200, MOF-802, Co2Cl2BTDD, Cr-soc-MOF-1, MOF-573, MOF-805, MOF-806, MOF-812, MIL-53(Al), Co-MOF-74, Mg-MOF-74, NOTT-400, M IL-121, CAU-3, MFM-300, Al-NDC, Ga-soc-MOF, IRMOF-1, IRMOF-3, MOF-177, MOF-205, MOF-210, PCN-124, MIL-68(In), MOF-DRIF2, Cu-TDPAT, Zn-TDPAT , UiO-68, MIL-88, PCN-333, NU-1400, MOF-525, SIFSIX, MOF-DRIF3, TIFSIX, Cu-BTTri, MIL-125(Ti), NH2-MIL-125(Ti), MOF-573, MOF-525, Bio-MOF- 11. MOF-DRIF4, Tb-mesoMOF, Cu-TCPP, Zr-NDC, BUT-17, FJI-HMOF, Al-MOF-235, Al-MIL-69, Al-PMOF, MIL-47(V), MIL-68(Ga), Fe-soc-MOF, Cu-MOF-50 5. Cu-TZP, Cu-TPT, Cu-CPF-5, RE-fcu-MOFs, Ce-UiO-66, Ce-UiO-67, Yb-MOFs (Yb-MOF-76), MOF-DRIF5, Mg-MOF-235, Zn-MOF-235, Bio-MOF-100, UTSA- 16(Cu-TATB), UTSA-60, DUT-67(Zr), DUT-4(Al), [Ni2(dobdc)], Zn-triazoleate PCPs, MOF-DRIF1, MOROF-1, MOF-841(Sc), CAU-21, CAU-36, ZrTUD-1, InOF-1,Ni-MOF-202, Zn-MOF-74, KMF-1, CAU-26, FIR-53, UiO-611, UiO-67, UiO-68 、Ni8(OH)4(BDC)6(DUT-8(Ni))、Ti3-MIL-88B-NH2、CAU-13、SBMOF-1、SBMO F-2、MFU-4、MFU-4l、FMOF-1、FMOF-2、CAU-13、IR-MOF-8、DMOF(Zn)、CAU-21 、CAU-26、CAU-36、MIP-200(Al)、Al-PF-1、ICR-2、ICR-7、PCN-777(Zr)、BUT -66(Zr)、PCN-608(Zr)、DUT-52(Zr)、MIP-202(Zr)、IFP-1、IFP-8、MAF-X27 -Fe、MAF-X8-Co、DMOF-1、NKMOF-1-Ni、CPL-2、CPL-4(Ni(pyz)(NO3)2)、InO F-1、FIR-53、MOF-199、MFM-300(In)、MIL-68(In)-BDC-NO2、Ti-CAT-5、Ti- HTA-1、CAU-22-Ln、MOF-76-Ln、PCP-Ln、MIL-96(Al)、MIL-140A(Zr)、Cu-BD C-BPY, Cu-BPyDC, Cu-QPTC, Zn-TBAPy, ZJU-28, POST-66, CAU-24, ALF-1, MO F-5、UiO-66-(OH)2、UiO-66-(COOH)2、UiO-66-Br、UiO-66-(CF3)2、MOF-30 3、UiO-67-NH2、UiO-67-(OH)2、MOF-801-SO4、MOF-802-NH2、MOF-802-(OH) 2、NU-1100、NU-1101、NU-1103、MIL-120(Al)、MIL-122(Al)、MIL-53-NH2(A l)、MIL-53-(OH)2(Al)、CAU-10-COOH、CAU-10-OH、CAU-12、CAU-15、Al-TCP P-MOF、MIL-53-NH2(Fe)、MIL-68(Fe)、MIL-127(Fe)、PCN-250(Fe)、Fe-BDC -NO2MOFs、Fe-BTC-NH2、Fe-BPDC、Cu-BTC-NH2、Cu-TATB、Cu-TPA、Cu-PMOF、 Cu-HHTP、Cu-CP-MOFs、Zn-MOF-74-NH2、Mg-dobpdc、Ni-dobpdc、Co-CUK-1、Co-MOF-253, JLU-Liu-10, JLU-Liu-20, AZMOF-1, AZMOF-2, FJI-MOF-8, FJI-MOF-11, FJU-90, CPM-200-In, MIP-200-NH2, NENU-500, NENU-511, UiO-66-SO3H, UiO-67-SO3H, PCN-224, PCN-225, Mg2(dobpdc), TpPa-1, TpPa-2, COF-1, COF-5, COF-6, COF-8, TpBD, COF-LZU1, Tp-Azo, COF-300, TpTt, COF-42, COF-43, N-COF, TpNDI, COF-JLU6, TpBpy, COF-320, PyVg-COF, Tp-DANT-COF, COF-366, Tp-DMTP-COF, COF-PI, Tp-Eth, COF-OMe, COF-F, Tp-Ph, COF-BPDA, COF-TpPa-NH2, COF-TBD:COF-102, COF-103, COF-108, COF-202, COF-203, COF-432, COF-505, TpPa-NO2, COF-DRIF1, COF-506, COF-507, COF-508, COF-909, COF-910, COF-912, COF-919, COF-920, CTF-1, CTF-2, CTF-3, CTF-4, TAPT-COF, HT-COF, COF-F3, FCTF-1, PcPBBA, FCTF-2, FCOF-1, FCOF-2, Porphyrin COF-366-Fe, Porphyrin-COF-367, COF-Porph-v2, Pc-COF, DhaTph COF, TpDha COF, COF-OH, TpPa(OH)-COF, TpBD-(NO2), (ICOF-1), ICOF-2, ICOF-3, Sulfated COFs, COF-150, COF-170, COF-1, COF-180, COF-200, COF-300, COF-300-MeNH2, COF-DHTA, COF-DAAQ, COF-DRIF2, Azo-COF-1, Azo-COF-2, TFB-DHzD COF, COF-TpBD-(OH)2, COF-SDU1, EB-COF-1, COF-TpDb, Py-COF, PyTTA-COF, DPP-COF-1, HNU-25, HNU-30, 3D-Py-COF, 3D-CuPc-COF, 3D-Salphen COF, TpPa-F4COF-TTI, COF-TFPB, AA-COFs, COF-480, COF-482, TPB-DMTP-COF, COF-432, JUC-353, ZIF-7, ZIF-8, ZIF-67, ZIF-71, ZIF-90, ZIF-93, ZIF-94, ZIF-95, ZIF-100, ZIF-300, ZIF-301, ZIF-302, ZIF-L, ZIF-4, ZIF-20, ZIF-25, ZIF-68, ZIF-69, ZIF-78, ZIF-81, ZIF-82, ZIF-204, ZIF-1, ZIF-2, ZIF-3, ZIF-DRIF2, ZIF-6, ZIF-10, ZIF-11, ZIF-12, ZIF-71a, ZIF-201, ZIF-202, ZIF-203, ZIF-DRIF1, ZIF-13, ZIF-15, ZIF-16, ZIF-17, ZIF-18, ZIF-19, ZIF-21, ZIF-22, ZIF-23, ZIF-24, ZIF-26, ZIF-27, ZIF-28, ZIF-29, ZIF-70, ZIF-DRIF1, ZIF-72, ZIF-73, ZIF-74, ZIF-76, ZIF-77, ZIF-79, ZIF-80, ZIF-202a, ZIF-8-NH2, ZIF-8-SO3H, ZIF-8-COOH, ZIF-8-OH, ZIF-67-NH2, ZIF-L-NH2, ZIF-30, ZIF-31, ZIF-32, ZIF-33, ZIF-34, ZIF-35, ZIF-36, ZIF-37, ZIF-38, ZIF-39, ZIF-40, ZIF-41, ZIF-42, ZIF-DRIF2, ZIF-43, ZIF-44, ZIF-45, ZIF-46, ZIF-47, ZIF-48, ZIF-49, ZIF-50, ZIF-51, ZIF-52, ZIF-53, ZIF-54, ZIF-55, ZIF-56, ZIF-57, ZIF-58, ZIF-59, ZIF-60, ZIF-61, ZIF-62, ZIF-63, ZIF-64, ZIF-65, ZIF-66, transition metal complexes, cyanometalates, and combinations thereof.

[0081] In one preferred embodiment, the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF1. In another preferred embodiment, the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF2. In another preferred embodiment, the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF3. In another preferred embodiment, the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF4. In yet another preferred embodiment, the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF5.

[0082] In one embodiment, MOF-DRIF1 comprises an aluminum metal ion and a 2-aminoterephthalic acid ligand. In one embodiment, MOF-DRIF2 comprises a zirconium metal ion and a 2-aminoterephthalic acid ligand. In one embodiment, MOF-DRIF3 comprises a nickel metal ion and a 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid ligand. In one embodiment, MOF-DRIF4 comprises an iron metal ion and a triphenylcarboxylic acid ligand. In one embodiment, MOF-DRIF5 comprises a chromium metal ion and a terephthalic acid ligand.

[0083] In one embodiment, the special desiccant material comprises at least one metal ion selected from Al, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Ti, Pb, Bi, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and combinations thereof.

[0084] In one embodiment, the special desiccant material comprises at least one ligand. In one embodiment, the ligand is selected from phenyl-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, phenyl-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, biphenyl dicarboxylic acid, azobenzene dicarboxylic acid, 4,4-bipyridine, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, 2,2-bipyridine, triazine-1,3,5-tribenzoate, tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)methane, hexa(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene, tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin, benzene, perylene, 2-butenedioic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, aminohydroxyterephthalic acid, 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid. Acids, 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, 1,3,5,7-adamantanetetracarboxylic acid, 4,4-azopyridine, malonic acid, 2,2-dicyano-4,4-biphenyl dicarboxylic acid ester, 5,5-dihydroxy-1,1-binaphthyl-5,5-dicarboxylic acid ester, 4,4,4-triazine-1,3,5-trimethyltri-p-aminobenzoate, biphenyl-3,4,5-tricarboxylic acid ester, 5-(4-carboxybenzoylamino)isophthalate, bicyclo[2,2,2]octane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, acetoxalic acid (Ethyloxalic acid) 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, biphenyl-4,4-dicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, phenyltribenzoic acid, phenyltriphenylcarboxylic acid, cyclobutyl-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, terephthalaldehyde, 4,4-biphenyldicarboxaldehyde, 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde, 2,5-dimethoxyterephthalaldehyde, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalaldehyde, 2,4,6-tricarboxymethyl-resorcinol, 2,4,6-tricarboxymethyl-resorcinol Bisphenol, 1,3,5-tricarboxyphenyl, 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)benzene, 2,4,6-tris(4-formylphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, 1,4-diaminobenzene, 2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid, 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-diamine, 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone, tris(4-aminophenyl)amine, 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene, 4,4,4-(1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene) -Triazine-2,4,6-triyl)triphenylamine, 2,5,8-triamino-1,3,4,6,7,9b-heptaazaphenalene, tetra(4-aminophenyl)methane, 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin, 1,4-phenylenediboronic acid, 4,4-biphenylenediboronic acid, 9,9-Dimethylfluorene-2,7-diboronic acid, 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxybenzophenanthrene, hydrazine monohydrate, 4-aminobenzoylhydrazine, cyanuric chloride, 3,4-dihydroxy-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione, 1,1'-(1,4-Phenylidene diurea, terephthalonitrile, tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile, p-xylene dicyanide, hydrazine carbohydrazonohydrazide hydrochloride, phenyl-1,3,5-tricarboxylhydrazine, 2,5-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)terephthalohydrazine, tris(4-formylphenyl)amine, phenyl-1,3,5-tricarboxaldehyde, 1,3,6,8-tetra(p-formylphenyl)pyrene, 2,2-dimethylbenzidine, benzotrithiophene, 4,4-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl)diphenylamine, 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin, tetraphenylethylene, tetraphenylmethane, thiophene, benzo[a]phenanthrene, tetraphenylpyrene, tetrathiofulvalene, hexaazaben[a]phenanthrene, dehydrobenzo[a]anthene zoannulene), hexaphenylbenzene, trioxazatrigonene, pyrenetetramine, tetra(4-ethynylphenyl)ethylene, 4,4-diaminodiphenyl ether, 2,6-diaminopyridine, 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine, tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane, 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzene, 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)triazine, 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, 1,3,5-benzenetriacetic acid, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, benzene-1,3,5-trionitrile, 4,4,4-tris(ethynyl)triphenylamine, 1,3,5-tris(4-ethynylphenyl)benzene 2,4,6-Tris(4-ethynylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, Benzene-1,3,5-tris(sulfonyl chloride), Tris(trimethylbenzene) chloride, 2,4,6-Tris(chlorocarbonyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,5-thiophene dicarboxaldehyde, 2,5-thiophene diamine, 2,3-dimethoxyterephthalaldehyde, 2,5-dinitroterephthalaldehyde, 2,5-diaminoterephthalic acid, 4,4-diamino-3,3'-dihydroxybiphenyl, 3,3-diaminobenzidine, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, 2,6-diaminonaphthalene, 4,4'-diaminostilbene, 1,3,5-tris(aminomethyl)benzene, 1,3,5-tris( 4-Aminophenyl)triazine, 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)ethane, 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)triazine, 2,6-diformylpyridine, 2,6-diformylpyridine, 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)cyclohexane, 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenoxy)benzene, 2,3,6,7-tetraaminonaphthalene, 2,3,6,7-tetra(formyl)phenazine, hexa(4-aminophenyl)benzene, imidazole, 2-methylimidazolium, 2-ethylimidazolium, 2-propylimidazolium, 2-butylimidazolium, 2-isopropylimidazolium, 2-isobutylimidazolium, 2-phenylimidazolium, benzimidazole, 5,6-Dimethylbenzimidazole, 5-Nitrobenzimidazole, 2-Nitroimidazole, 4-Nitroimidazole, 2-Chloroimidazole, 4-Chloroimidazole, 2-Bromoimidazole, 2-Iodoimidazole, 2-Fluorimidazole, 4-Fluorimidazole, 2-Trifluoromethylimidazole, 4-Trifluoromethylimidazole, 2-Cyanimidazole, 4-Cyanimidazole, 2-Aminoimidazole, 4-Aminoimidazole, 2-Hydroxyimidazole, 4-Hydroxyimidazole, 4,5-Dihydroxyimidazole, 2-Mercaptoimidazole, 4-Mercaptoimidazole, 2-Carboxyimidazole, 4-Carboxyimidazole, Imidazole-2-Carbaldehyde, Imidazole-4-Carbaldehyde, 1-Methylimidazole, 1-Ethylimidazole, 1-Propylimidazole, 1-Butylimidazole, 1-Benzylimidazole, 2-Isopropylimidazole, 4-Isopropylimidazole, 2,4-Dimethylimidazole, 2,5-Di... Methylimidazole, 2,4,5-trimethylimidazole, 4,5-dimethylimidazole, 2-formylimidazole, 4-formylimidazole, 2-methoxyimidazole, 4-methoxyimidazole, 2-ethoxyimidazole, 2-acetylimidazole, 2-propionylimidazole, 2-pyridylimidazole, 4-pyridylimidazole, 2-thienylimidazole, 2-furanylimidazole, 4-furanylimidazole, 2-indolylimidazole, N-methylbenzimidazole, N-ethylbenzimidazole, 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazole, 2-(2-aminoethyl)imidazole, 2-(2-carboxyethyl)imidazole, 2-(2-methoxyethyl)imidazole, 2-vinylimidazole, 4-vinylimidazole, 2-(4-nitrophenyl)imidazole, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazole, 2-(3-chlorobenzene)imidazole 2-(4-Carboxyphenyl)imidazolium, 2-(4-Aminophenyl)imidazolium, 2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)imidazolium, 2-(3,5-Dinitrophenyl)imidazolium, 2-Naphthylimidazolium, 2-Styrylimidazolium, 2-(2-Thienylmethyl)imidazolium, 2-(2-Furfuralmethyl)imidazolium, 2-(4-Pyridinylmethyl)imidazolium, 2-(3-Pyridinylmethyl)imidazolium, 2-Hydroxybenzimidazole, 5-Nitrosaminobenzimidazole, 2-(Hydroxyphenyl)imidazolium, 2-(Sulfoylphenyl)imidazolium, 2-(Carboxyphenyl)imidazolium, 2-(Aminophenyl)imidazolium, 2-Cinnamylimidazole, 2-Acetaminoimidazole, 2-Benzylimidazolium, 2-Iso Butyrylimidazolium, 2-naphthoylimidazolium, 2-pyrazinylimidazolium, 2-quinolinylimidazolium, E-but-2-eneic acid, 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, 4-amino-1,2,3,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid, cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid, (ethane-1,2-diamine)tetraacetic acid, 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid, 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (BTC), Benzene-1,3,5-disulfonic acid, 5-sulfophenyl-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, phenylphosphonic acid, 2,5-thiophene dicarboxylic acid, (2-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid, 2,4,6-trisulfonyl-1,3,5-Triazine, 1H-Imidazol-2-carboxaldehyde, 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid, Naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid ester, 4,4'-((E)-diazepine-1,2-diyl)dibenzoic acid, 4,4',4''-nitrilotribenzoic acid (acid), pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)methane, furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-biphenyl dicarboxylic acid, 4,4',4''-tricarboxylic acid, 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene, (4,4',4''-triazine-2,4,6-triyl-tribenzoic acid), (1,3,6,8-tetra(p-benzoic acid)pyrene), 4,4'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid ester, biphenyl-3,3',5,5'- Tetracarboxylic acid, terephthalaldehyde (benzene-1,4-dicarboxaldehyde), 1,3,5-tricarboxyphenyl, tricarboxymethyl phloroglucinol (Tp), pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetracarboxaldehyde (pyrene-TdA), 1,4-diaminobenzene, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4',4'',4'''-(porphyrin-5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl)tetraphenylamine, p-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, succinic acid, 1,4-butanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-butenedicarboxylic acid Carboxylic acids, 4-oxopyran-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, decanedic acid, 1,8-heptadecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,6-hexanedicarboxylic acid, heptadecanedicarboxylic acid, acetylenedicarboxylic acid, 1,9-heptadecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-benzenedic acid, 1,3-benzenedic acid, 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-benzenedic acid, p-benzenedic acid, imidazole-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, 2-methylquinoline-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, quinoxaline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 6-chloro Quinoxalo-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-butadiene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diaminobenzylmethane-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, quinoline-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, diimide dicarboxylic acid, pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 2-methylimidazolium-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 7-chloro-4-hydroxyquinoline-2,8-dicarboxylic acid, thiophene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, tetrahydropyran-4,4-dicarboxylic acid, perylene-3,9-dicarboxylic acid, 2-isopropylimidazolium-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, perylene dicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 200 dicarboxylic acid, 3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, octane dicarboxylic acid, pentane-3,3-carboxylic acid, 3,6-dioxaoctane dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diamino-1,1*-biphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl-3,3-dicarboxylic acid, benzidine-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, 1,1'-binaphthyl dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-bis(phenylamino)phenyl-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, 7-chloro-8-methylquinoline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1-anilinoanthraquinone-2,4'-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-bis(carboxymethyl)piperazine-2,3-Dicarboxylic acid, phenylinanedicarboxylic acid, 7-chloroquinoline-3,8-dicarboxylic acid, polytetrahydrofuran-250-dicarboxylic acid, 1-(4-carboxy)phenyl-3-(4-chloro)phenylpyrazoline-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-dibenzyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-dibenzyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4,5-cis-dicarboxylic acid, 2,2-biquinoline-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, 2-benzoylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, 3,5-pyrazolidinedicarboxylic acid, pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, 3,6,9-trioxaundecandicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 300 dicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 400 dicarboxylic acid, hydroxybenzophenone dicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 600 dicarboxylic acid, pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, bis(4-aminophenyl)sulfone diimide-dicarboxylic acid, 5,6-dimethyl-2,3-pyrazine dicarboxylic acid, bis(4-aminophenyl) ether diimide dicarboxylic acid, 2,3-pyrazine dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane diimide dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-adamantane dicarboxylic acid, 1,8-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 2,3-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 8-methoxy 2,3-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 8-sulfon-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, anthracene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 8-nitro-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,3'-diphenyl-p-terphenyl-4,4''-dicarboxylic acid, (diphenyl ether)-4,4-dicarboxylic acid, 4(1H)oxothiochromene-2,8-dicarboxylic acid, imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 5-tert-butyl-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 7,8-quinolinedicarboxylic acid, 4,5-imidazolium dicarboxylic acid, and combinations thereof.

[0085] In one embodiment, the special desiccant material is a multi-component desiccant. In another embodiment, the special desiccant material is a graded desiccant material. In yet another embodiment, the special desiccant material is a non-graded desiccant material.

[0086] In one embodiment, the MOF / ZIF special desiccant material formulated on and within a porous substrate is one-dimensional (1D). In one embodiment, the MOF / ZIF special desiccant material is formulated in a two-dimensional (2D) form on and within a porous substrate. In one embodiment, the MOF / ZIF special desiccant material formulated on and within a porous substrate is three-dimensional (3D). In one embodiment, the MOF / ZIF special desiccant material formulated on and within a porous substrate has a hierarchical 3D structure. In one embodiment, the MOF / ZIF special desiccant material formulated on and within a porous substrate has a non-hierarchical 3D structure.

[0087] In one embodiment, the MOF / ZIF special desiccant material formulated on and within a porous substrate comprises a first metal ion center and a first organic linker. In another embodiment, the MOF / ZIF special desiccant material formulated on and within a porous substrate comprises a first metal ion center, a second metal ion center, and a first organic linker. In yet another embodiment, the MOF / ZIF special desiccant material formulated on and within a porous substrate comprises a first metal ion center, a second metal ion center, a first organic linker, and a second organic linker. In yet another embodiment, the MOF / ZIF special desiccant material formulated on and within a porous substrate comprises a first metal ion center, a second metal ion center, a first organic linker, and a second organic linker. In yet another embodiment, the MOF / ZIF special desiccant material formulated on and within a porous substrate is a MOF / ZIF composite material comprising at least one metal ion, at least one organic linker, and at least one additive.

[0088] In one embodiment, the COF special desiccant material formulated on and within a porous substrate has a one-dimensional (1D) structure. In one embodiment, the structure is two-dimensional (2D). In one embodiment, the structure is three-dimensional (3D). In one embodiment, the COF special desiccant material comprises a first organic linker and a second organic linker.

[0089] In one embodiment, the special desiccant material has a type I adsorption isotherm. In one embodiment, the special desiccant material has a type II adsorption isotherm. In one embodiment, the special desiccant material has a type III adsorption isotherm. In one embodiment, the special desiccant material has a type IV adsorption isotherm. In one embodiment, the special desiccant material has a type V adsorption isotherm. In one embodiment, the special desiccant material has a type VI adsorption isotherm. In one embodiment, the special desiccant material has an S-type adsorption isotherm.

[0090] In one embodiment, a special desiccant material having any S-type adsorption isotherm is characterized by absorbing more than 40% of the moisture at 50%RH to 100%RH.

[0091] In another embodiment, the special desiccant material is a composite material. Composite materials may include MOF, COF, ZIF, and those synthesized or formulated together with inorganic materials.

[0092] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the special desiccant material to the porous substrate is up to 8:1.

[0093] In one embodiment, the drying wheel formulated with a special desiccant material has a 30% higher moisture removal efficiency compared to a drying wheel formulated with silica gel desiccant material. In another embodiment, the drying wheel formulated with a special desiccant material has a 30% higher energy efficiency compared to a drying wheel formulated with silica gel desiccant material.

[0094] In one embodiment, the special desiccant material is thermally stable. In one embodiment, the special desiccant material is hydrothermally stable. In one embodiment, the special desiccant material is hydrolyzed stable. In one embodiment, the special desiccant material exhibits rapid adsorption kinetics, particularly desorption kinetics. In one embodiment, the special desiccant material has a high surface area. In one embodiment, the special desiccant material is essentially crystalline. In one embodiment, the special desiccant material is essentially amorphous. In one embodiment, the special desiccant material is essentially semi-crystalline. In one embodiment, the special desiccant material is a combination of crystalline and amorphous materials.

[0095] In one embodiment, the special desiccant material is a composite material, which is a combination of the special desiccant material and at least one additive. In one embodiment, the additive improves the kinetics of the special desiccant material. In one embodiment, the additive improves the performance of the special desiccant material. In yet another embodiment, the additive improves both the kinetics and performance of the special desiccant material. The additive is selected from graphene, nano-carbon-based materials, titanium salts, and combinations thereof.

[0096] In one embodiment, the drying wheel optionally also contains antimicrobial additives, such as silver, copper, titanium, nickel salts, and combinations thereof.

[0097] Those skilled in the art will understand that additives are not limited to those listed and may include other additives that can improve kinetics and / or performance, and / or antimicrobial properties.

[0098] In one embodiment, a honeycomb structure formulated with a special desiccant material exhibits a 15-30% enhancement in adsorption performance (water removal) compared to a drying wheel formulated with conventional desiccants such as (multiple) silica gels and / or (multiple) molecular sieves.

[0099] In one implementation, a honeycomb structure formulated with a special desiccant material exhibits a 15-30% increase in energy efficiency (kilograms of moisture removed per hour per kilowatt) compared to a drying wheel formulated with conventional desiccants such as silica gel and / or molecular sieves.

[0100] In one embodiment, at 100% relative humidity (RH), the special desiccant material has an adsorption capacity ranging from 50% to 80% of its weight.

[0101] In one embodiment, the honeycomb structure is formulated with a single special desiccant material. In another embodiment, the honeycomb structure is formulated with at least two or more special desiccant materials.

[0102] In one embodiment, the substrate of the honeycomb structure is a porous substrate. The porous substrate is selected from glass fiber, carbon fiber, ceramic fiber, natural fiber, biosoluble fiber, synthetic fiber, pulp or composite material, or any similar porous structure. In one embodiment, the porous substrate optionally further comprises at least one curing agent. The curing agent is selected from silica sol, alumina sol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, and acrylate. The weight concentration of the curing agent is in the range of 2-15% by weight, preferably 2-8% by weight.

[0103] In one embodiment, a special desiccant material is formulated on and within a porous substrate, then converted into a honeycomb matrix, and finally into a rotor / wheel. In another embodiment, an adhesive is used to formulate the special desiccant material on and within a porous substrate, then converted into a honeycomb matrix, and finally into a rotor / wheel. In yet another embodiment, the special desiccant material is directly formulated on and within a honeycomb matrix formed from a porous substrate, and then converted into a rotor / wheel.

[0104] In one embodiment, a method for manufacturing a drying wheel is provided, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a porous substrate substantially as described herein; (b) contacting the porous substrate with a first solution comprising a metal salt or an organic linker and optionally at least one curing agent; (c) forming a honeycomb matrix structure from the porous substrate, the matrix structure comprising a plurality of channels; (d) contacting the matrix structure with a second solution comprising a metal salt or an organic linker to synthesize a desiccant material in situ on and within the matrix structure to obtain a formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix; and (e) washing and activating the formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix and forming a drying wheel. In one embodiment, when the first solution comprises a metal salt, the second solution comprises an organic linker. In one embodiment, when the first solution comprises an organic linker, the second solution comprises a metal salt.

[0105] In one specific embodiment, a method for manufacturing a drying wheel is provided, comprising the steps of: (a) preparing solution A by mixing 2-aminoterephthalic acid with an aqueous methanol solution; (b) preparing solution B by mixing aluminum sulfate in water; (c) immersing or impregnating a glass fiber substrate in solution A at room temperature (about 25°C) to form a honeycomb matrix; (d) treating the honeycomb matrix with solution B at a temperature of about 80°C for about 12 hours; and (e) drying the honeycomb matrix, followed by washing with an aqueous methanol solution to remove byproducts, and then activating it in a drying / activation chamber.

[0106] In another specific embodiment, a method for manufacturing a drying wheel is provided, comprising the steps of: (a) preparing solution A by mixing 2-aminoterephthalic acid with an aqueous methanol solution; (b) preparing solution B by mixing zirconium chloride in water; (c) immersing or impregnating a glass fiber substrate in solution A at room temperature (about 25°C) to form a honeycomb matrix; (d) treating the honeycomb matrix with solution B at a temperature of about 75°C for about 24 hours; and (e) drying the honeycomb matrix, followed by washing with water to remove byproducts, and then activating it in a drying / activation chamber.

[0107] In one embodiment, a method for manufacturing a drying wheel is provided, comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a slurry comprising a desiccant material and a binder; (b) contacting a porous substrate with the slurry to formulate the desiccant material on and within the porous substrate; (c) forming a honeycomb matrix structure comprising multiple channels from the porous substrate having multiple channels to obtain a formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix; and (d) activating the formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix and forming a drying wheel.

[0108] In one specific embodiment, a method for manufacturing a drying wheel is provided, comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a slurry by mixing MOF-DRIF1 (aluminum metal ions and 2-aminoterephthalic acid as ligands) with a silica sol binder; (b) immersing or impregnating a glass fiber substrate in the slurry and forming the substrate into a honeycomb matrix; and (c) activating the honeycomb matrix in a drying / activation chamber.

[0109] In another specific embodiment, a method for manufacturing a drying wheel is provided, comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a slurry by mixing MOF-DRIF2 (zirconium metal ions and 2-aminoterephthalic acid as a ligand) with a silica sol binder; (b) immersing or impregnating a glass fiber substrate in the slurry and forming a honeycomb matrix on the substrate; and (c) activating the honeycomb matrix in a drying chamber. In one embodiment, the drying wheel of the present invention is used in a cleanroom for battery manufacturing. In one embodiment, the drying wheel of the present invention is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. In one embodiment, the drying wheel of the present invention is used in electronic device manufacturing. In one embodiment, the drying wheel of the present invention is used in cold chain processing. In one embodiment, the drying wheel of the present invention is used in an HVAC dehumidifier. In one embodiment, the drying wheel of the present invention is used in industrial drying.

[0110] In another embodiment, a method for manufacturing a drying wheel is provided, comprising the steps of: (a) obtaining a honeycomb matrix structure formed from a porous substrate, the honeycomb matrix structure including a plurality of channels; (b) contacting the honeycomb matrix structure with a first solution containing a metal salt or an organic linker; (c) contacting the honeycomb matrix from step (b) with a second solution containing a metal salt or an organic linker to synthesize a special desiccant material in situ on and within the matrix structure to obtain a formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix; and (d) washing and activating the formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix and forming a drying wheel. In one embodiment, when the first solution contains a metal salt, the second solution contains an organic linker. In another embodiment, when the first solution contains an organic linker, the second solution contains a metal salt.

[0111] In one embodiment, a method for manufacturing a drying wheel is provided, comprising the steps of: (a) obtaining a honeycomb matrix structure formed from a glass fiber substrate, the honeycomb matrix structure including a plurality of channels; (b) contacting the honeycomb matrix structure with a first solution obtained from a mixture of 2-aminoterephthalic acid and an aqueous methanol solution; (c) contacting the honeycomb matrix of step (b) with a second solution obtained from a mixture of aluminum sulfate in water to obtain a formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix; and (d) washing and activating the formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix to form a drying wheel.

[0112] In another specific embodiment, a method for manufacturing a drying wheel is provided, comprising the steps of: (a) obtaining a honeycomb matrix structure formed from a glass fiber substrate, the honeycomb matrix structure including a plurality of channels; (b) contacting the honeycomb matrix structure with a first solution obtained from a mixture of 2-aminoterephthalic acid and an aqueous methanol solution; (c) contacting the honeycomb matrix of step (b) with a second solution obtained from a mixture of zirconium chloride in water to obtain a formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix; and (d) washing and activating the formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix to form a drying wheel.

[0113] In yet another embodiment, a method for manufacturing a drying wheel is provided, comprising the steps of: (a) obtaining a honeycomb matrix structure formed from a porous substrate, the honeycomb matrix structure including a plurality of channels; (b) contacting the honeycomb matrix structure with a slurry comprising at least a special desiccant material and an adhesive to obtain a formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix; and (c) activating the formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix and forming a drying wheel. The porous substrate and matrix structure are substantially as described herein.

[0114] In one embodiment, a method for manufacturing a drying wheel is provided, comprising the steps of: (a) obtaining a honeycomb matrix structure formed from a glass fiber substrate, the honeycomb matrix structure including a plurality of channels; (b) contacting the honeycomb matrix structure with a slurry containing MOF-DRIF1 as a desiccant material and silica sol as a binder to obtain a formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix; and (d) activating the formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix and forming a drying wheel.

[0115] In another specific embodiment, a method for manufacturing a drying wheel is provided, comprising the steps of: (a) obtaining a honeycomb matrix structure formed from a glass fiber substrate, the honeycomb matrix structure including a plurality of channels; (b) contacting the honeycomb matrix structure with a slurry containing MOF-DRIF2 as a desiccant material and silica sol as a binder to obtain a formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix; and (d) activating the formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix and forming a drying wheel.

[0116] In the case where the special desiccant material is MOF, in one embodiment, the first solution comprises at least one metal salt, and the second solution comprises at least one organic ligand / linker. In an alternative embodiment, the first solution comprises at least one organic ligand / linker, and the second solution comprises at least one metal salt. In one embodiment, the first solution further comprises at least one curing agent.

[0117] In one embodiment, the binder in the slurry can be organic or inorganic. Organic binders can be, but are not limited to, cellulose, polymer resins, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyacrylate. Inorganic binders can be, but are not limited to, water glass, alumina sol, silica sol, etc. Adding functional binders can provide additional adsorption at different RH levels without increasing the regeneration temperature.

[0118] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the special desiccant material to the porous substrate of the honeycomb matrix is ​​as high as 8:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of the special desiccant material to the porous substrate of the honeycomb matrix is ​​as high as 7:1.

[0119] Furthermore, it is clear that using such a special desiccant material in the drying wheel improves the overall adsorption performance of the drying wheel, or consumes less reactivation energy, preferably both. Therefore, the drying wheel of the present invention not only achieves high performance requirements but also demonstrates significant energy savings.

[0120] In one embodiment, compared to conventional silica gel, at a regeneration temperature of 50°C and with a drying wheel speed of 24 rpm and an air flow rate of 600 cmh, the percentage enhancement in moisture removal is at least 15%. In another embodiment, compared to conventional silica gel, at a regeneration temperature of 50°C and with a drying wheel speed of 24 rpm and an air flow rate of 600 cmh, the percentage enhancement in moisture removal is up to 30%.

[0121] In one specific embodiment, the reinforcement percentage is approximately 18% compared to silica gel, wherein the regeneration temperature is 50°C, the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH, the air flow rate is 600 cmh, and wherein the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF2.

[0122] In another specific embodiment, the reinforcement percentage is approximately 26% compared to silica gel, wherein the regeneration temperature is 50°C, the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH, the air flow rate is 600 cmh, and wherein the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF1.

[0123] In one embodiment, at a regeneration temperature of 50°C, a drying wheel comprising a honeycomb matrix structure formulated with a special desiccant material removes at least 1.1 kg of water per hour, compared to 0.95 kg of water per hour by silica gel, wherein the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH and the airflow rate is 600 cmh.

[0124] In one specific implementation, at a regeneration temperature of 50°C, the drying wheel removes approximately 1.12 kg of water per hour, compared to 0.95 kg per hour by silica gel, wherein the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH, the air flow rate is 600 cmh, and the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF2.

[0125] In another specific embodiment, at a regeneration temperature of 50°C, the drying wheel removes approximately 1.2 kg of water per hour, compared to 0.95 kg per hour by silica gel, wherein the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH, the air flow rate is 600 cmh, and the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF1.

[0126] In one embodiment, a drying wheel comprising a honeycomb matrix structure formulated with a special desiccant material exhibits enhanced energy efficiency in moisture removal. The enhanced energy efficiency (kg / hr / kW) is measured as the amount of water removed per kilowatt of energy used for reactivation per hour (kg / hr). In one embodiment, the percentage increase in energy efficiency for moisture removal is at least 15% at a regeneration temperature of 50°C and with a drying wheel speed of 24 revolutions per hour (RPH) and an airflow rate of 600 cmh. In another embodiment, the percentage increase in energy efficiency for moisture removal is up to 30% at a regeneration temperature of 50°C, wherein the drying wheel speed is 24 revolutions per hour (RPH) and the airflow rate is 600 cmh.

[0127] In one specific embodiment, the reinforcement percentage is approximately 18% compared to silica gel, wherein the regeneration temperature is 50°C, the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH, the air flow rate is 600 cmh, and wherein the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF2.

[0128] In one specific embodiment, the reinforcement percentage is approximately 26% compared to silica gel, wherein the regeneration temperature is 50°C, the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH, the air flow rate is 600 cmh, and wherein the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF1.

[0129] In one embodiment, at a regeneration temperature of 50°C, compared to removing 0.56 kg / hr / kW of moisture by silica gel, a drying wheel with a honeycomb matrix structure formulated with a special desiccant material removes at least 0.6 kg / hr / kW of moisture, wherein the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH and the air flow rate is 600 cmh.

[0130] In one specific implementation, at a regeneration temperature of 50°C, a drying wheel comprising a honeycomb matrix structure formulated with MOF-DRIF2 removes approximately 0.66 kg / hr / kW of moisture compared to 0.56 kg / hr / kW of moisture removed by silica gel, wherein the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH and the airflow rate is 600 cmh.

[0131] In one specific implementation, at a regeneration temperature of 50°C, a drying wheel comprising a honeycomb matrix structure formulated with MOF-DRIF1 removes approximately 0.71 kg / hr / kW of moisture compared to 0.56 kg / hr / kW of moisture removed by silica gel, wherein the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH and the airflow rate is 600 cmh.

[0132] In one embodiment, at a regeneration temperature of 60°C, the percentage enhancement in moisture removal compared to conventional silica gel is at least 15%, wherein the drying wheel speed is 24 revolutions per hour (RPH) and the airflow rate is 600 cmh. In another embodiment, at a regeneration temperature of 60°C, the percentage enhancement in moisture removal compared to conventional silica gel is up to 25%, wherein the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH and the airflow rate is 600 cmh.

[0133] In one specific embodiment, the reinforcement percentage is approximately 15% compared to silica gel, wherein the regeneration temperature is 60°C, the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH, the air flow rate is 600 cmh, and wherein the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF2.

[0134] In another specific embodiment, the reinforcement percentage is 22% compared to silica gel, wherein the regeneration temperature is 60°C, the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH, the air flow rate is 600 cmh, and wherein the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF1.

[0135] In one embodiment, at a regeneration temperature of 60°C, a drying wheel comprising a honeycomb matrix structure formulated with a special desiccant material removes at least 1.3 kg of water per hour, compared to 1.14 kg of water per hour removed by silica gel, wherein the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH and the airflow rate is 600 cmh.

[0136] In one specific implementation, at a regeneration temperature of 60°C, the drying wheel removes approximately 1.31 kg of water per hour, compared to 1.14 kg per hour by silica gel, wherein the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH, the airflow rate is 600 cmh, and the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF2.

[0137] In another specific embodiment, at a regeneration temperature of 60°C, the drying wheel removes approximately 1.39 kg of water per hour compared to 1.14 kg per hour by silica gel, wherein the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH, the air flow rate is 600 cmh, and the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF1.

[0138] In one embodiment, the percentage increase in energy efficiency for moisture removal is at least 15% at a regeneration temperature of 60°C, wherein the dryer wheel speed is 24 revolutions per hour (RPH) and the airflow rate is 600 cmh. In another embodiment, the percentage increase in energy efficiency for moisture removal is up to 30% at a regeneration temperature of 60°C, wherein the dryer wheel speed is 24 revolutions per hour (RPH) and the airflow rate is 600 cmh.

[0139] In one specific embodiment, the reinforcement percentage is approximately 15% compared to silica gel, wherein the regeneration temperature is 60°C, the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH, the air flow rate is 600 cmh, and wherein the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF2.

[0140] In one specific embodiment, the reinforcement percentage is approximately 21% compared to silica gel, wherein the regeneration temperature is 60°C, the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH, the air flow rate is 600 cmh, and wherein the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF1.

[0141] In one embodiment, at a regeneration temperature of 60°C, compared to removing 0.48 kg / hr / kW of moisture by silica gel, a drying wheel with a honeycomb matrix structure formulated with a special desiccant material removes at least 0.5 kg / hr / kW of moisture, wherein the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH and the airflow rate is 600 cmh.

[0142] In one specific implementation, at a regeneration temperature of 60°C, compared to the removal of 0.48 kg / hr / kW of moisture by silica gel, a drying wheel with a honeycomb matrix structure formulated with MOF-DRIF2 removes approximately 0.55 kg / hr / kW of moisture, wherein the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH and the airflow rate is 600 cmh.

[0143] In one specific implementation, at a regeneration temperature of 60°C, compared to the removal of 0.48 kg / hr / kW of moisture by silica gel, a drying wheel with a honeycomb matrix structure formulated with MOF-DRIF1 removes approximately 0.58 kg / hr / kW of moisture, wherein the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH and the airflow rate is 600 cmh.

[0144] In one embodiment, at a regeneration temperature of 70°C, the percentage enhancement in moisture removal compared to conventional silica gel is at least 15%, wherein the drying wheel speed is 24 revolutions per hour (RPH) and the airflow rate is 600 cmh. In another embodiment, at a regeneration temperature of 70°C, the percentage enhancement in moisture removal compared to conventional silica gel is up to 25%, wherein the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH and the airflow rate is 600 cmh.

[0145] In one specific embodiment, the reinforcement percentage is approximately 18% compared to silica gel, wherein the regeneration temperature is 70°C, the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH, the air flow rate is 600 cmh, and wherein the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF2.

[0146] In another specific embodiment, the reinforcement percentage is approximately 21% compared to silica gel, wherein the regeneration temperature is 70°C, the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH, the air flow rate is 600 cmh, and the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF1.

[0147] In one embodiment, at a regeneration temperature of 70°C, a drying wheel comprising a honeycomb matrix structure formulated with a desiccant material removes at least 1.4 kg of water per hour, compared to 1.2 kg of water per hour removed by silica gel, wherein the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH and the airflow rate is 600 cmh.

[0148] In one specific implementation, at a regeneration temperature of 70°C, the drying wheel removes approximately 1.41 kg of water per hour, compared to 1.2 kg per hour by silica gel, wherein the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH, the air flow rate is 600 cmh, and the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF2.

[0149] In another specific implementation, compared to removing 1.2 kg of water per hour by silica gel, the drying wheel removes approximately 1.45 kg of water per hour, wherein the regeneration temperature is 70°C, the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH, the air flow rate is 600 cmh, and the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF1.

[0150] In one embodiment, the percentage increase in energy efficiency for moisture removal is at least 15% at a regeneration temperature of 70°C, wherein the dryer wheel speed is 24 revolutions per hour (RPH) and the airflow rate is 600 cmh. In another embodiment, the percentage increase in energy efficiency for moisture removal is up to 25% at a regeneration temperature of 70°C, wherein the dryer wheel speed is 24 revolutions per hour (RPH) and the airflow rate is 600 cmh.

[0151] In one specific embodiment, the reinforcement percentage is approximately 15% compared to silica gel, wherein the regeneration temperature is 70°C, the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH, the air flow rate is 600 cmh, and wherein the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF2.

[0152] In one specific embodiment, the reinforcement percentage is approximately 21% compared to silica gel, wherein the regeneration temperature is 70°C, the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH, the air flow rate is 600 cmh, and wherein the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF1.

[0153] In one embodiment, at a regeneration temperature of 70°C, compared to removing 0.39 kg / hr / kW of moisture by silica gel, a drying wheel with a honeycomb matrix structure formulated with desiccant material removes at least 0.45 kg / hr / kW of moisture, wherein the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH and the airflow rate is 600 cmh.

[0154] In one specific implementation, at a regeneration temperature of 70°C, a drying wheel comprising a honeycomb matrix structure formulated with MOF-DRIF2 removes approximately 0.45 kg / hr / kW of moisture compared to 0.39 kg / hr / kW of moisture removed by silica gel, wherein the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH and the airflow rate is 600 cmh.

[0155] In one specific implementation, at a regeneration temperature of 70°C, a drying wheel comprising a honeycomb matrix structure formulated with MOF-DRIF1 removes approximately 0.47 kg / hr / kW of moisture compared to 0.39 kg / hr / kW of moisture removed by silica gel, wherein the drying wheel speed is 24 RPH and the airflow rate is 600 cmh.

[0156] In one embodiment, a drying wheel comprising a honeycomb matrix structure formulated with a special desiccant material exhibits enhanced moisture removal and energy efficiency, as substantially described herein.

[0157] Compared to drying wheels formulated with conventional silica gel desiccant materials, the drying wheels of the present invention, including those with a honeycomb matrix structure formulated with special desiccant materials, show an enhanced reduction in desorption time (from 100% saturation value to 30% of that value).

[0158] In one specific implementation, compared with silica gel, when the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF1, the reduction in desorption time (from 100% saturation value to 30% of that value) is approximately 29%.

[0159] In one specific implementation, the desorption time (from 100% saturation to 30% of that value) is approximately 9.79 minutes when the special desiccant material is MOF-DRIF1, compared to approximately 13.8 minutes in the case of silica gel.

[0160] Compared to drying wheels formulated with conventional silica gel desiccant materials, the drying wheel of the present invention, comprising a honeycomb matrix structure formulated with a special desiccant material, exhibits enhanced water adsorption in the relative humidity (RH) range from 10-100%. The special desiccant material exhibits an S-curve / isotherm at different rising RH levels. In one embodiment, the special desiccant material exhibits a type I-VI curve / isotherm at different rising RH levels. In one embodiment, the drying wheel comprising a honeycomb matrix structure formulated with a special desiccant material exhibits higher water adsorption at 10% to 100% RH compared to silica gel. In one embodiment, the drying wheel comprising a honeycomb matrix structure formulated with a special desiccant material exhibits higher water adsorption at 20%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100% RH compared to silica gel.

[0161] In one embodiment, a drying wheel formulated with a special desiccant material exhibits approximately 55-115% water adsorption at 100% RH, compared to approximately 32% water adsorption exhibited by a drying wheel formulated with conventional silica gel desiccant material. In one specific embodiment, a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF1 exhibits approximately 56% water adsorption at 100% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF2 exhibits approximately 90% water adsorption at 100% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF3 exhibits approximately 61.5% water adsorption at 100% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF4 exhibits approximately 73% water adsorption at 100% RH; and a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF5 exhibits approximately 112% water adsorption at 100% RH.

[0162] In one embodiment, a drying wheel formulated with a special desiccant material exhibits approximately 48-110% water adsorption at 90% RH, compared to approximately 32.5% water adsorption by a drying wheel formulated with conventional silica gel desiccant material. In one specific embodiment, a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF1 exhibits approximately 49% water adsorption at 90% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF2 exhibits approximately 66% water adsorption at 90% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF3 exhibits approximately 61% water adsorption at 90% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF4 exhibits approximately 69.5% water adsorption at 90% RH; and a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF5 exhibits approximately 110% water adsorption at 90% RH.

[0163] In one embodiment, a drying wheel formulated with a special desiccant material exhibits 45-110% water adsorption at 80% RH, compared to approximately 32% water adsorption by a drying wheel formulated with conventional silica gel desiccant material. In a specific embodiment, a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF1 exhibits approximately 45% water adsorption at 80% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF2 exhibits approximately 55% water adsorption at 80% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF3 exhibits approximately 60.5% water adsorption at 80% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF4 exhibits approximately 64% water adsorption at 80% RH; and a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF5 exhibits approximately 55% water adsorption at 108% RH.

[0164] In one embodiment, a drying wheel formulated with a special desiccant material exhibits 44-110% water adsorption at 70% RH, compared to approximately 31% water adsorption by a drying wheel formulated with conventional silica gel desiccant material. In one specific embodiment, a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF1 exhibits approximately 44% water adsorption at 70% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF2 exhibits approximately 52% water adsorption at 70% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF3 exhibits approximately 60% water adsorption at 70% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF4 exhibits approximately 62.5% water adsorption at 70% RH; and a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF5 exhibits approximately 106% water adsorption at 70% RH.

[0165] In one embodiment, a drying wheel formulated with a special desiccant material exhibits 40-62% water adsorption at 60% RH, compared to approximately 29% water adsorption exhibited by a drying wheel formulated with conventional silica gel desiccant material. In one specific embodiment, a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF1 exhibits approximately 42.5% water adsorption at 60% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF2 exhibits approximately 50% water adsorption at 60% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF3 exhibits approximately 59.5% water adsorption at 60% RH; and a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF4 or 5 exhibits approximately 60% water adsorption at 60% RH.

[0166] In one embodiment, a drying wheel formulated with a special desiccant material exhibits 40-60% water adsorption at 50% RH, compared to approximately 25% water adsorption exhibited by a drying wheel formulated with conventional silica gel desiccant materials. In one specific embodiment, a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF1 exhibits approximately 41% water adsorption at 50% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF2 exhibits approximately 47.5% water adsorption at 50% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF3 exhibits approximately 59% water adsorption at 50% RH; and a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF4 exhibits approximately 59.5% water adsorption at 50% RH.

[0167] In one embodiment, a drying wheel formulated with a special desiccant material exhibits 40-60% water adsorption at 40% RH, compared to approximately 20% water adsorption exhibited by a drying wheel formulated with conventional silica gel desiccant materials. In one specific embodiment, a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF1 exhibits approximately 40% water adsorption at 40% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF2 exhibits approximately 45% water adsorption at 40% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF3 exhibits approximately 57.5% water adsorption at 40% RH; and a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF4 exhibits approximately 52% water adsorption at 40% RH.

[0168] In one embodiment, a drying wheel formulated with a special desiccant material exhibits 30-60% water adsorption at 30% RH, compared to approximately 15% water adsorption exhibited by a drying wheel formulated with conventional silica gel desiccant material. In one specific embodiment, a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF1 exhibits approximately 39% water adsorption at 30% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF2 exhibits approximately 43% water adsorption at 30% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF3 exhibits approximately 57.5% water adsorption at 30% RH; and a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF4 exhibits approximately 36.5% water adsorption at 30% RH.

[0169] In one embodiment, a drying wheel formulated with a special desiccant material exhibits 12-60% water adsorption at 20% RH, compared to approximately 11% water adsorption exhibited by a drying wheel formulated with conventional silica gel desiccant material. In one specific embodiment, a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF1 exhibits approximately 37% water adsorption at 20% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF2 exhibits approximately 40% water adsorption at 20% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF3 exhibits approximately 56.5% water adsorption at 20% RH; and a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF5 exhibits approximately 13% water adsorption at 20% RH.

[0170] In one embodiment, a drying wheel formulated with a special desiccant material exhibits 8-60% water adsorption at 10% RH, compared to approximately 7% water adsorption exhibited by a drying wheel formulated with conventional silica gel desiccant material. In one specific embodiment, a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF1 exhibits approximately 12% water adsorption at 10% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF2 exhibits approximately 30% water adsorption at 10% RH; a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF3 exhibits approximately 54% water adsorption at 10% RH; and a drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF4 exhibits approximately 8% water adsorption at 10% RH.

[0171] Although specific embodiments have been disclosed in detail herein, this is for illustrative purposes only and not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Variations and modifications to the systems described herein do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention and are within the scope of expertise of those skilled in the art.

[0172] Advantages of the present invention

[0173] (a) Lower regeneration temperature than silica gel (<120°C, preferably 50-70°C);

[0174] (b) Higher moisture removal (kg / hr) than silica gel;

[0175] (c) Higher energy efficiency (kg / hr / kW) than silicone, i.e., specific performance;

[0176] (d) Fast dynamics allow for lower regeneration time and energy requirements; and improved specific performance;

[0177] (e) Long-term stability of at least 50,000 cycles, with a long service life.

[0178] (f) Thermal, hydrothermal and hydrolytic stability, and long service life. Example

[0179] Method for manufacturing desiccant matrix

[0180] In one exemplary embodiment, the honeycomb matrix formulated with various special desiccant materials [MOF-DRIF1 (aluminum sulfate + 2-aminoterephthalic acid) and MOF-DRIF2 (zirconium chloride + 2-aminoterephthalic acid)] is prepared substantially by the method disclosed in US 12,263,464 B2.

[0181] In short, such as Figure 1a As shown, in the first method, a porous substrate is contacted with a first solution (solution A), and the substrate is wound to form a honeycomb matrix. Next, the honeycomb matrix is ​​contacted with a second solution (solution B) to form a honeycomb matrix formulated with a desiccant material.

[0182] In short, in the second method, such as Figure 1b As shown, a porous substrate is contacted with a slurry containing desiccant material and adhesive, and wound to form a honeycomb matrix formulated with a special desiccant material.

[0183] In short, in the third method, such as Figure 1c As shown, the honeycomb substrate structure is contacted with a first solution (solution A); then with a second solution (solution B) to obtain the prepared honeycomb desiccant substrate.

[0184] In short, in the fourth method, such as Figure 1d As shown, the honeycomb matrix structure is contacted with a slurry containing at least a special desiccant material and an adhesive to obtain a formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix.

[0185] In a non-limiting embodiment, MOF-DRIF1 is formulated by the method described below.

[0186] (a) In-situ preparation

[0187] Solution A was prepared by mixing 2-aminoterephthalic acid with a methanol-water solution. Solution B was prepared by mixing aluminum sulfate with water. At room temperature, a glass fiber substrate was immersed / impregnated in solution A and wound to form a honeycomb matrix. The honeycomb matrix was then treated with solution B at 80°C for 12 hours. After the reaction was complete, the substrate was dried, washed with a methanol-water solution to remove byproducts, and subsequently activated in a drying / activation chamber.

[0188] (b) Formulation of adhesives

[0189] The slurry is prepared by mixing MOF-DRIF1 with a silica sol binder. The substrate is then immersed / impregnated in the slurry and wound to form a honeycomb matrix, followed by activation in a drying / activation chamber.

[0190] In another non-limiting embodiment, MOF-DRIF2 is formulated by the method described below.

[0191] (a) In-situ preparation

[0192] Solution A was prepared by mixing 2-aminoterephthalic acid in an aqueous methanol-water solution. Solution B was prepared by mixing zirconium chloride in water. A glass fiber substrate was immersed / impregnated in solution A at room temperature and wound to form a honeycomb matrix. The honeycomb matrix was then treated with solution B at 75°C for 24 hours. After the reaction was complete, the substrate was dried, washed with water to remove byproducts, and subsequently activated in a drying / activation chamber.

[0193] (b) Formulation of adhesives

[0194] The slurry is prepared by mixing MOF-DRIF2 with a silica sol binder. The substrate is then immersed / impregnated in the slurry and wound to form a honeycomb matrix, followed by activation in a drying / activation chamber.

[0195] (II) COF, Example—COF-DRIF1

[0196] (a) In-situ preparation

[0197] Solution A was prepared by mixing 2,4-dihydroxy-1,3,5-tricarboxymethylbenzene in an aqueous acetic acid solution. Solution B was prepared by mixing diarylpyrimidine in a trichlorobenzene-dioxane solution. A glass fiber substrate was immersed / impregnated in solution A at room temperature and wound to form a honeycomb matrix. The honeycomb matrix was then treated with solution B at room temperature for 20 hours. After the reaction was complete, the substrate was dried, washed with an aqueous trichlorobenzene-dioxane solution to remove byproducts, and subsequently activated in a drying / activation chamber.

[0198] (b) Formulation of adhesives

[0199] The slurry is prepared by mixing COF-DRIF1 with a silica sol binder. The substrate is then immersed / impregnated in the slurry and wound to form a honeycomb matrix, followed by activation in a drying / activation chamber.

[0200] (III) ZIF, Example—ZIF-DRIF1

[0201] (a) In-situ preparation

[0202] Solution A was prepared by mixing 4-methyl-5-imidazolium carboxaldehyde in water. Solution B was prepared by mixing zinc nitrate in water. A glass fiber substrate was immersed / impregnated in solution A at room temperature and wound to form a honeycomb matrix. The honeycomb matrix was then treated with solution B at 45°C for 4 hours. After the reaction was complete, the substrate was dried, washed with water to remove byproducts, and then activated in a drying / activation chamber.

[0203] (b) Formulation of adhesives

[0204] The slurry is prepared by mixing ZIF-DRIF1 with a silica sol binder. The substrate is then immersed / impregnated in the slurry and wound to form a honeycomb matrix, followed by activation in a drying / activation chamber.

[0205] Types of desiccant materials

[0206] like Figure 2 As shown, MOF / ZIF desiccant materials formulated on and within a porous substrate can have 1D, 2D, or 3D structures, wherein the 3D structure can be non-hierarchical or hierarchical. The MOF desiccant material comprises a first metal ion center and a first organic linker. For example... Figure 3a As shown, the MOF / ZIF desiccant material includes first and second metal ion centers and a first organic linker, wherein the first and second metal ions are different; and the organic linkers in the MOF / ZIF desiccant material are the same. Figure 3b As shown, the MOF / ZIF desiccant material comprises a first metal ion center and first and second organic linkers, wherein the metal ions in the MOF / ZIF desiccant material are the same; and the first and second organic linkers are different. Figure 3c As shown, the MOF / ZIF desiccant material comprises first and second metal ion centers and first and second organic linkers, wherein the first and second metal ions are different; and wherein the first and second organic linkers are different. Figure 4 As shown, the MOF / ZIF desiccant material is a MOF / ZIF composite material formed by combining MOF / ZIF with at least one additive material. Those skilled in the art will understand that various typical MOF / ZIFs, essentially as disclosed herein, can be manufactured by selecting one or more metals and one or more ligands / linkers.

[0207] like Figure 5 As shown, the COF desiccant material formulated on and within a porous substrate can have a 1D, 2D, or 3D structure, wherein the COF desiccant material includes a first organic linker and a second organic linker.

[0208] Example 1

[0209] Compared to conventional (silicone) materials, under the same operating conditions, the special desiccant material, when formulated into a rotary drying wheel, exhibits 15-30% higher performance in terms of moisture removal (kg / h). The moisture removal efficiency (kg / hr) of the drying wheel, including those with a honeycomb matrix formulated with the special desiccant material, was evaluated in comparison to silica gel as the desiccant material, which is commonly used in dehumidification systems. For the purposes of this embodiment, the operating conditions were optimized as follows: airflow rate maintained at 600 cmh (cubic meters per hour), rotor speed of the drying wheel maintained at 24 RPH (revolutions per hour), and regeneration temperature maintained at 50, 60, or 70°C. The results are provided in Table 1 below.

[0210] Table 1

[0211]

[0212] As shown in Table 1 above, it can be seen that for drying wheels containing a honeycomb matrix formulated with MOF-DRIF1, operating under conditions of 600 cmh, 24 RPH, and a regeneration temperature of 50°C, compared to drying wheels containing silica gel as a desiccant material, the moisture removal (kg of moisture removed per hour) is enhanced by approximately 26% under the same conditions. A similar enhancement in moisture removal was observed with MOF-DRIF2, but the enhancement was approximately 18% in the case of MOF-DRIF2.

[0213] It can also be seen that, for drying wheels containing a honeycomb matrix formulated with MOF-DRIF1, operating under conditions of 600 cmh, 24 RPH, and a regeneration temperature of 60°C, compared to drying wheels containing silica gel as a desiccant material, under the same conditions, moisture removal (kg of moisture removed per hour) was enhanced by approximately 22%. A similar enhancement in moisture removal was observed with MOF-DRIF2, but the enhancement was approximately 15% in the case of MOF-DRIF2.

[0214] Furthermore, it can be observed that for drying wheels containing a honeycomb matrix formulated with MOF-DRIF1, operating under conditions of 600 cmh, 24 RPH, and a regeneration temperature of 70°C, compared to drying wheels containing silica gel as a desiccant material, under the same conditions, moisture removal (kg of moisture removed per hour) is enhanced by approximately 21%. A similar enhancement in moisture removal was observed with MOF-DRIF2, but the enhancement was approximately 18% in the case of MOF-DRIF2.

[0215] In each of the above cases, it can be seen that MOF-DRIF1 and MOF-DRIF2 exhibit enhanced moisture removal efficiency (kg / hour moisture removal) compared to silica gel, even at lower regeneration temperatures. In fact, the performance of MOF-DRIF1 and MOF-DRIF2 appears to be enhanced at lower regeneration temperatures (50°C vs. 70°C) compared to silica gel. This is particularly important because regeneration temperature refers to the temperature at which the desiccant material is heated to release the moisture it has adsorbed. This regeneration is crucial for the recovery and reuse of desiccants in dehumidification systems. These data also indicate that, in terms of moisture removal efficiency as a function of time, the special desiccant materials MOF-DRIF1 and MOF-DRIF2 are superior to and preferred over conventionally used desiccant materials such as silica gel.

[0216] Example 2

[0217] Following the determination of the moisture removal efficiency of the drying wheel according to Example 1, the energy efficiency of the drying wheel in moisture removal was also determined (under the same operating conditions as in Example 1). Energy efficiency was determined based on the amount of water removed per kilowatt of energy consumed per hour (kg / h). In other words, the higher the amount of water removed per kilowatt of energy consumed in reactivation / regeneration, the higher the energy efficiency. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0218] Table 2

[0219]

[0220] As shown in Table 2 above, it can be understood that, compared to drying wheels formulated with conventional desiccant materials (silica gel), drying wheels formulated with special desiccant materials MOF-DRIF1 or MOF-DRIF2, at a regeneration temperature of 50°C, exhibit a 26% increase in moisture removal per kilowatt per hour (kg / hr / kW) compared to silica gel. Compared to silica gel, MOF-DRIF2 also shows an increase in moisture removal per kilowatt per hour (kg / hr / kW) at a regeneration temperature of 50°C, but the increase is only 18% in the case of MOF-DRIF2.

[0221] At a regeneration temperature of 60°C, increases in moisture removal (kg / hr / kW) were also observed for MOF-DRIF1 (21%) and MOF-DRIF2 (15%) compared to silica gel. Furthermore, even at a regeneration temperature of 70°C, drying wheels formulated with MOF-DRIF1 or MOF-DRIF2 showed enhancements in moisture removal (kg / hr / kW) of 21% and 15%, respectively, compared to drying wheels formulated with silica gel. This is particularly important because a significant amount of energy is consumed in regeneration within desiccant systems, and higher regeneration temperatures require higher energy inputs. These data also indicate that, in terms of energy efficiency for moisture removal, MOF-DRIF1 and MOF-DRIF2 are superior to and preferred over widely used conventional materials such as silica gel as specialized desiccant materials.

[0222] In summary, the data trends seen in Tables 1 and 2 of the above embodiments indicate that the drying wheel of the present invention, formulated with the special desiccant materials MOF-DRIF1 or MOF-DRIF2, adsorbs more moisture than silica gel under the same operating conditions. However, this enhanced moisture adsorption does not come at the cost of energy loss (reactivation energy). In fact, the drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF1 or MOF-DRIF2 adsorbs more water per kilowatt per hour than silica gel, demonstrating that the present invention is superior to conventional drying wheels known in the art in both moisture adsorption and energy efficiency.

[0223] Example 3

[0224] The effectiveness of the drying wheel, comprising a honeycomb matrix formulated with a special desiccant material, was evaluated in comparison with silica gel, particularly regarding adsorption / desorption kinetics, especially desorption time. In short, desorption time refers to the time required for a substance (in this case, water) to be released from the material surface after adsorption. In the desorption of rotating drying wheels, faster desorption kinetics play a crucial and important role in many cases in terms of the overall performance, rotational speed, and heat carryover of the rotating drying wheel. The special desiccant material used in the construction of the drying wheel covered by this invention exhibits much faster adsorption characteristics compared to the benchmark / conventional silica gel material. In short, the loaded sample was initially stabilized at a set low relative humidity (0% relative humidity) and a set temperature of 25°C, followed by water adsorption-desorption at the same temperature. Data were measured over 5 cycles.

[0225] Table 3 below describes the desorption time of the drying wheel of the present invention, which includes a honeycomb matrix prepared with silica gel or MOF-DRIF1.

[0226] Table 3

[0227]

[0228] As shown in Table 3 above, the drying wheel containing a honeycomb matrix formulated with silica gel exhibits a total desorption time (from 100% saturation to 30% of that value) of 13.8 minutes. In contrast, under the same conditions, the drying wheel containing a honeycomb matrix formulated with MOF-DRIF1 exhibits a total desorption time (from 100% saturation to 30% of that value) of 9.79 minutes, representing a reduction of approximately 29% in time compared to silica gel using the drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF1. Therefore, advantageously, due to the lower desorption time, the drying wheel of the present invention formulated with special desiccant materials can operate at higher RPH (Reduced Rhythm Hierarchy).

[0229] Example 4

[0230] The water absorption of the drying wheel of the present invention, comprising a honeycomb matrix formulated with special desiccant materials MOF-DRIF1, MOF-DRIF2, MOF-DRIF3, MOF-DRIF4, or MOF-DRIF5, was also evaluated at relative humidity (RH) ranging from 10-100%, and the results are shown in Table 4 below. A graph illustrating the water adsorption trend at 10-100% RH is also shown. Figure 6 middle.

[0231] Table 4

[0232]

[0233] As shown in Table 4 above, at 100% RH, silica gel adsorbs 32.6% of its water (in other words, at 100% RH, silica gel adsorbs up to approximately 0.32 times its weight). In contrast, under the same conditions, each of MOF-DRIF1 to MOF-DRIF5 is able to adsorb more water than silica gel, ranging from approximately 0.56 times (MOF-DRIF1) to approximately 1.12 times (MOF-DRIF5) of its weight.

[0234] At 90% RH, silica gel adsorbed approximately 0.32 times its weight. In contrast, under the same conditions, each of MOF-DRIF1 to MOF-DRIF5 was able to adsorb more moisture than silica gel, ranging from approximately 0.49 times (MOF-DRIF1) to approximately 1.1 times (MOF-DRIF5) of its weight.

[0235] At 80% RH, silica gel adsorbed approximately 0.32 times its weight. In contrast, under the same conditions, each of MOF-DRIF1 to MOF-DRIF5 was able to adsorb more moisture than silica gel, ranging from approximately 0.45 times (MOF-DRIF1) to approximately 1.08 times (MOF-DRIF5) of its weight.

[0236] At 70% RH, silica gel adsorbed approximately 0.31 times its weight. In contrast, under the same conditions, each of MOF-DRIF1 to MOF-DRIF5 was able to adsorb more moisture than silica gel, ranging from approximately 0.44 times (MOF-DRIF1) to approximately 1.06 times (MOF-DRIF5) of its weight.

[0237] At 60% RH, silica gel adsorbed approximately 0.29 times its weight. In contrast, under the same conditions, each of MOF-DRIF1 to MOF-DRIF5 was able to adsorb more moisture than silica gel, ranging from approximately 0.42 times (MOF-DRIF1) to approximately 0.61 times (MOF-DRIF4 and MOF-DRIF5) of its weight.

[0238] At 50% RH, silica gel adsorbed approximately 0.25 times its weight. In contrast, under the same conditions, each of MOF-DRIF1 to MOF-DRIF4 adsorbed more moisture than silica gel, ranging from approximately 0.41 times (MOF-DRIF1) to approximately 0.595 times (MOF-DRIF4) of its weight.

[0239] At 40% RH, silica gel adsorbed approximately 0.2 times its weight in water. In contrast, under the same conditions, each of MOF-DRIF1 to MOF-DRIF4 adsorbed more water than silica gel, ranging from approximately 0.4 times (MOF-DRIF1) to approximately 0.585 times (MOF-DRIF3) in weight.

[0240] At 30% RH, silica gel adsorbed approximately 0.15 times its weight. In contrast, under the same conditions, each of MOF-DRIF1 to MOF-DRIF4 was able to adsorb more moisture than silica gel, ranging from approximately 0.365 times (MOF-DRIF4) to approximately 0.575 times (MOF-DRIF3) of its weight.

[0241] At 20% RH, silica gel adsorbed approximately 0.11 times its weight. In contrast, under the same conditions, each of MOF-DRIF1 to MOF-DRIF4 was able to adsorb more moisture than silica gel, ranging from approximately 0.13 times (MOF-DRIF4) to approximately 0.565 times (MOF-DRIF3) of its weight.

[0242] At 10% RH, silica gel adsorbed approximately 0.07 times its weight. In contrast, under the same conditions, each of MOF-DRIF1 to MOF-DRIF4 adsorbed more moisture than silica gel, ranging from approximately 0.08 times (MOF-DRIF4) to approximately 0.54 times (MOF-DRIF3) of its weight.

[0243] In summary, these data indicate that the drying wheels of the present invention formulated with special desiccant materials MOF-DRIF1 to MOF-DRIF5 exhibit higher adsorption, which may allow for more compact systems and better performance.

[0244] Example 6

[0245] Next, the thermal stability of the special desiccant material is evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which illustrates the thermal stability of a material by showing the weight change of the sample material upon heating. TGA curves typically plot weight loss or gain relative to temperature or time, revealing where and how the material decomposes or undergoes other thermal changes. The special desiccant material formulated on and within the honeycomb matrix rotor of this invention is characterized by good thermal stability and is stable at temperatures at least up to 200°C (data not shown).

[0246] Example 7

[0247] The hydrolytic stability of the special desiccant materials (MOF-DRIF1 and MOF-DRIF2) was also evaluated using XRD testing, performed before and after exposure to a saturated NaCl solution at 40°C for a specific period (i.e., 28 days). Hydrolytic stability refers to the material's resistance to decomposition or degradation when exposed to water or high humidity. The special desiccant materials formulated on and within the honeycomb matrix rotor of the present invention are characterized by excellent hydrolytic stability and do not deviate from the XRD pattern even under accelerated conditions (data not shown).

[0248] Example 8

[0249] As shown in Table 5 below, the special desiccant material formulated on and within the honeycomb substrate rotor of the present invention is characterized by a high surface area and a pore size of less than 15 Å.

[0250] Table 5

[0251]

[0252] Example 9

[0253] Cyclic performance test

[0254] The performance of the special desiccant material (MOF-DRIF1) formulated on and within the honeycomb matrix rotor of the present invention was evaluated using repeated cycles, and the results are shown in Table 6 below. As can be seen from Table 6, the drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF1 exhibited highly consistent performance over at least 160,800 cycles, as evidenced by the moisture removal (kg / hr) after 160,800 cycles. It can be seen that at a regeneration temperature of 50°C, after 160,800 cycles, the performance decreased by approximately 1.5% compared to the case with silica gel. The performance decrease (kg / hr moisture removal) was only about 1.2%. At a regeneration temperature of 60°C, the performance decreased by approximately 5.5% compared to the case with silica gel, while the performance decrease with the drying wheel formulated with MOF-DRIF1 was only about 4.3% after 160,800 cycles. In both cases, it can be seen that, in terms of performance consistency, the drying wheel based on the special material is superior to the conventional silica gel-based drying wheel (lower reduction / loss in moisture removal rate), and the hourly moisture removal is greater with the special desiccant material than with silica gel. In the case of silica gel, the considered stability performance is after 5-10 cycles.

[0255] Table 6

[0256]

[0257] In summary, the data shown in Tables 1-6 demonstrate the superior efficacy (moisture removal), (energy) efficiency, and lifespan (cycles) of the drying wheels of the present invention formulated with special desiccant materials. Unlike conventional desiccant materials such as silica gel, the special MOFs exemplified herein offer superior performance parameters that have neither been considered nor expected in the art. Furthermore, as shown, the drying wheels of the present invention formulated with special desiccant materials such as MOF-DRIF1 or MOF-DRIF2 exhibit enhanced cycle performance without performance degradation, which has not been previously considered, let alone demonstrated outside of silica gel-based drying wheels.

Claims

1. A drying wheel, comprising: (a) A honeycomb substrate structure, the honeycomb substrate structure comprising a plurality of honeycomb channels, the honeycomb substrate structure comprising a porous substrate; and (b) At least one special desiccant material formulated on and within the porous substrate; The special desiccant material is selected from metal-organic frameworks (MOF), covalent organic frameworks (COF), zeolite imidazole ester frameworks (ZIF), inorganic materials, and combinations thereof; The special desiccant material is characterized by at least one or more of the following properties: the special desiccant material is porous; the special desiccant material is microporous with a pore size of less than 15 angstroms; the special desiccant material has a pore size of 500 to 10000 m. 2 / g surface area; the regeneration temperature of the special desiccant material is below 120°C; and the special desiccant material provides sustained performance over at least 50,000 repeated operating cycles; Under the same operating conditions, compared with a drying wheel with a silica gel-type desiccant material, the energy requirement of the drying wheel with a special desiccant material capable of regeneration at ≤120°C is at least 10% lower in kilowatts consumed per kilogram of water removed; Furthermore, under the same operating conditions, compared to a drying wheel with a silica gel-type desiccant material, the drying wheel with a special desiccant material capable of regeneration at ≤120°C has a moisture removal capacity that is at least 10% higher per kilogram of air than a drying wheel with a silica gel-type desiccant material.

2. The drying wheel according to claim 1, wherein the special desiccant material is selected from graded desiccant materials, non-graded desiccant materials, multi-component desiccant materials, and combinations thereof.

3. The drying wheel according to claim 1, wherein the special desiccant material has a type I adsorption isotherm, a type II adsorption isotherm, a type III adsorption isotherm, a type IV adsorption isotherm, a type V adsorption isotherm, a type VI adsorption isotherm, or any type S adsorption isotherm.

4. The drying wheel according to claim 3, wherein the S-type adsorption isotherm is characterized in that the moisture absorption is greater than 40% in the range of 50% RH to 100% RH.

5. The drying wheel according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the special desiccant material to the porous substrate is as high as 8:

1.

6. The drying wheel according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of honeycomb channels have a cross-section of polygon, square, triangle, circle, sine, rectangle, hexagon, straight line, serrated, oblique line or herringbone.

7. The drying wheel according to claim 1, wherein the channel spacing is in the range of 2.5-5 mm and the channel height is in the range of 1.0-3 mm.

8. The drying wheel of claim 1, wherein the honeycomb matrix structure comprises a single wound face or multiple stacked faces.

9. The drying wheel according to claim 1, wherein the drying wheel having a special desiccant material has a regeneration temperature of ≤70°C, ≤60°C, or ≤50°C; under the same operating conditions, compared with a drying wheel having a silica gel desiccant material, it removes up to 30% or more of moisture per kilogram of air; and has an energy efficiency of up to 30% or more per kilogram of water removed.

10. The drying wheel according to claim 1, wherein the water decomposition and absorption (to saturation as low as 30%) time of the drying wheel substrate is at least 60% less than that of the silica gel drying wheel substrate.

11. The drying wheel according to claim 1, wherein the drying wheel matrix material has a moisture adsorption capacity ranging from 0.5 to 1.8 times its weight at 100% relative humidity (RH).

12. The drying wheel according to claim 1, wherein the special desiccant material is selected from CAU-10H, CAU-23, CAU-30, MIL-160(Al), aluminum fumarate, aluminum terephthalate, UiO-66, UiO-66-NH2, UiO-67, MOF-801, MOF-802, MOF-841, PCN-222, MIL-100(Fe), MIL-101(Fe), MIL-53(Fe), MIL-101(Cr), MIL-100(Cr), MIL-53(Cr), HKUST-1, Cu-BDC, MIL-125(Ti), NH2-MIL-125(Ti), Ni -CPO-27, MOF-808, NU-1000, NU-1200, MOF-802, Co2Cl2BTDD, Cr-soc-MOF-1, MOF-573, MOF-805, MOF-806, MOF-812, MIL-53(Al), Co-MOF-74, Mg-MOF- 74. NOTT-400, MIL-121, CAU-3, MFM-300, Al-NDC, Ga-soc-MOF, IRMOF-1, IRMOF-3, MOF-177, MOF-205, MOF-210, PCN-124, MIL-68(In), MOF-DRIF2, Cu-T DPAT, Zn-TDPAT, UiO-68, MIL-88, PCN-333, NU-1400, MOF-525, SIFSIX, MOF-DRIF3, TIFSIX, Cu-BTTri, MIL-125(Ti), NH2-MIL-125(Ti), MOF-573, MOF -525, Bio-MOF-11, MOF-DRIF4, Tb-mesoMOF, Cu-TCPP, Zr-NDC, BUT-17, FJI-HMOF, Al-MOF-235, Al-MIL-69, Al-PMOF, MIL-47(V), MIL-68(Ga), Fe-soc -MOF, Cu-MOF-505, Cu-TZP, Cu-TPT, Cu-CPF-5, RE-fcu-MOFs, Ce-UiO-66, Ce-UiO-67, Yb-MOFs (Yb-MOF-76), MOF-DRIF5, Mg-MOF-235, Zn-MOF-235, Bi o-MOF-100, UTSA-16(Cu-TATB), UTSA-60, DUT-67(Zr), DUT-4(Al), [Ni2(dobdc)], Zn-triazoleates PCPs, MOF-DRIF1, MOROF-1, MOF-841(Sc), CAU-21, CAU-36,ZrTUD-1、InOF-1、Ni-MOF-202、Zn-MOF-74、KMF-1、CAU-26、FIR-53、UiO-61 1、UiO-67、UiO-68、Ni8(OH)4(BDC)6(DUT-8(Ni))、Ti3-MIL-88B-NH2、CAU- 13、SBMOF-1、SBMOF-2、MFU-4、MFU-4l、FMOF-1、FMOF-2、CAU-13、IR-MOF-8、 DMOF(Zn)、CAU-21、CAU-26、CAU-36、MIP-200(Al)、Al-PF-1、ICR-2、ICR-7、P CN-777(Zr)、BUT-66(Zr)、PCN-608(Zr)、DUT-52(Zr)、MIP-202(Zr)、IFP-1 、IFP-8、MAF-X27-Fe、MAF-X8-Co、DMOF-1、NKMOF-1-Ni、CPL-2、CPL-4(Ni(py z)(NO3)2)、InOF-1、FIR-53、MOF-199、MFM-300(In)、MIL-68(In)-BDC-NO2 、Ti-CAT-5、Ti-HTA-1、CAU-22-Ln、MOF-76-Ln、PCP-Ln、MIL-96(Al)、MIL-14 0A(Zr)、Cu-BDC-BPY、Cu-BPyDC、Cu-QPTC、Zn-TBAPy、ZJU-28、POST-66、CAU -24、ALF-1、MOF-5、UiO-66-(OH)2、UiO-66-(COOH)2、UiO-66-Br、UiO-66-( CF3)2、MOF-303、UiO-67-NH2、UiO-67-(OH)2、MOF-801-SO4、MOF-802-NH2、 MOF-802-(OH)2、NU-1100、NU-1101、NU-1103、MIL-120(Al)、MIL-122(Al)、M IL-53-NH2(Al)、MIL-53-(OH)2(Al)、CAU-10-COOH、CAU-10-OH、CAU-12、CA U-15、Al-TCPP-MOF、MIL-53-NH2(Fe)、MIL-68(Fe)、MIL-127(Fe)、PCN-250( Fe)、Fe-BDC-NO2MOFs、Fe-BTC-NH2、Fe-BPDC、Cu-BTC-NH2、Cu-TATB、Cu-TP A、Cu-PMOF、Cu-HHTP、Cu-CP-MOFs、Zn-MOF-74-NH2、Mg-dobpdc、Ni-dobpdc、Co-CUK-1, Co-MOF-253, JLU-Liu-10, JLU-Liu-20, AZMOF-1, AZMOF-2, FJI-MOF-8, FJI-MOF-11, FJU-90, CPM-200-In, MIP-200-NH2, NENU-500, NENU-511, UiO-66-SO3H, UiO-67-SO3H, PCN-224, PCN-225, Mg2(dobpdc), TpPa-1, TpPa-2, COF-1, COF-5, COF-6, COF-8, TpBD, COF-LZU1, Tp-Azo, COF-300, TpTt, COF-42, COF-43, N-COF, TpNDI, COF-JLU6, TpBpy, COF-320, PyVg-COF, Tp-DANT-COF, COF-366, Tp-DMTP-COF, COF-PI, Tp-Eth, COF-OMe, COF-F, Tp-Ph, COF-BPDA, COF-TpPa-NH2, COF-TBD:COF-102, COF-103, COF-108, COF-202, COF-203, COF-432, COF-505, TpPa-NO2, COF-DRIF1, COF-506, COF-507, COF-508, COF-909, COF-910, COF-912, COF-919, COF-920, CTF-1, CTF-2, CTF-3, CTF-4, TAPT-COF, HT-COF, COF-F3, FCTF-1, PcPBBA, FCTF-2, FCOF-1, FCOF-2, Porphyrin COF-366-Fe, Porphyrin-COF-367, COF-Porph-v2, Pc-COF, DhaTphCOF, TpDha COF, COF-OH, TpPa(OH)-COF, TpBD-(NO2), (ICOF-1), ICOF-2, ICOF-3, Sulfated COFs, COF-150, COF-170, COF-1, COF-180, COF-200, COF-300, COF-300-MeNH2, COF-DHTA, COF-DAAQ, COF-DRIF2, Azo-COF-1, Azo-COF-2, TFB-DHzD COF, COF-TpBD-(OH)2, COF-SDU1, EB-COF-1, COF-TpDb, Py-COF, PyTTA-COF, DPP-COF-1, HNU-25, HNU-30, 3D-Py-COF, 3D-CuPc-COF, 3D-Salphen COFTpPa-F4, COF-TTI, COF-TFPB, AA-COFs, COF-480, COF-482, TPB-DMTP-COF, COF-432, JUC-353, ZIF-7, ZIF-8, ZIF-67, ZIF-71, ZIF-90, ZIF-93, ZIF-94, ZIF-95, ZIF-100, ZIF-300, ZIF-301, ZIF-302, ZIF-L, ZIF-4, ZIF-20, ZIF-25, ZIF-68, ZIF-69, ZIF-78, ZIF-81, ZIF-82, ZIF-204, ZIF-1, ZIF-2, ZIF-3, ZIF-DRIF2, ZIF-6, ZIF-10, ZIF-11, ZIF-12, ZIF-71a, ZIF-201, ZIF-202, ZIF-203, ZIF-DRIF1, ZIF-13, ZIF-15, ZIF-16, ZIF-17, ZIF-18, ZIF-19, ZIF-21, ZIF-22, ZIF-23, ZIF-24, ZIF-26, ZIF-27, ZIF-28, ZIF-29, ZIF-70, ZIF-DRIF1, ZIF-72, ZIF-73, ZIF-74, ZIF-76, ZIF-77, ZIF-79, ZIF-80, ZIF-202a, ZIF-8-NH2, ZIF-8-SO3H, ZIF-8-COOH, ZIF-8-OH, ZIF-67-NH2, ZIF-L-NH2, ZIF-30, ZIF-31, ZIF-32, ZIF-33, ZIF-34, ZIF-35, ZIF-36, ZIF-37, ZIF-38, ZIF-39, ZIF-40, ZIF-41, ZIF-42, ZIF-DRIF2, ZIF-43, ZIF-44, ZIF-45, ZIF-46, ZIF-47, ZIF-48, ZIF-49, ZIF-50, ZIF-51, ZIF-52, ZIF-53, ZIF-54, ZIF-55, ZIF-56, ZIF-57, ZIF-58, ZIF-59, ZIF-60, ZIF-61, ZIF-62, ZIF-63, ZIF-64, ZIF-65, ZIF-66, transition metal complexes, cyanometalates, and combinations thereof.

13. The drying wheel according to claim 1, wherein the special desiccant material comprises at least one metal selected from Al, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Ti, Pb, Bi, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and combinations thereof.

14. The drying wheel according to claim 1, wherein the special desiccant material has at least one ligand selected from the group consisting of: phenyl-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, phenyl-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, biphenyl dicarboxylic acid, azobenzene dicarboxylic acid, 4,4-bipyridine, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, 2,2-bipyridine, triazine-1,3,5-tribenzoate, tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)methane, hexa(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene, tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin, benzene, perylene, 2-butenedioic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, aminohydroxyterephthalic acid, 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, 1,3,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydroxybenzoic ... 7-Adamantanetetracarboxylic acid, 4,4-Azopyridine, malonic acid, 2,2-dicyano-4,4-biphenyl dicarboxylic acid ester, 5,5-dihydroxy-1,1-binaphthyl-5,5-dicarboxylic acid ester, 4,4,4-triazine-1,3,5-trimethyltri-p-aminobenzoate, biphenyl-3,4,5-tricarboxylic acid ester, 5-(4-carboxybenzoylamino)isophthalate, bicyclo[2,2,2]octane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, acetooxalic acid, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, biphenyl-4,4-dicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, phenyltribenzoic acid, phenyltriphenylbiphenyl carboxylic acid, cyclobutyl-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, terephthalaldehyde, 4,4-biphenyldicarboxaldehyde, 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde, 2,5-dimethoxyterephthalaldehyde Aldehydes, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-terephthalaldehyde, 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol, 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol, 1,3,5-triformylbenzene, 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)benzene, 2,4,6-tris(4-formylphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, 1,4-diaminobenzene, 2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid, 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-diamine, 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone, tris(4-aminophenyl)amine, 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene, 4,4,4-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)triphenylamine, 2,5,8-triamino-1,3,4,6,7,9b-heptazophenanthrene, tetra(4-aminophenyl)methane 5,10,15,20-Tetra(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin, 1,4-phenylenediboric acid, 4,4-biphenylenediboric acid, 9,9-dimethylfluorene-2,7-diboric acid, 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxybenzophenanthrene, hydrazine monohydrate, 4-aminobenzoylhydrazine, cyanuric chloride, 3,4-dihydroxy-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione, 1,1'-(1,4-phenylene)diurea, terephthalonitrile, tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile, p-xylene dicyanide, hydrazylformylhydrazine hydrochloride, phenyl-1,3,5-tricarboxylhydrazine, 2,5-Bis(2-methoxyethoxy)terephthalohydrazide, Tris(4-formylphenyl)amine, Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxaldehyde, 1,3,6,8-Tetra(2-formylphenyl)pyrene, 2,2-Dimethylbenzidine, Benzotrithiophene, 4,4-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl)diphenylamine, 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphyrin, Tetraphenylethylene, Tetraphenylmethane, Thiophene, Benzophenanthrene, Tetraphenylpyrene, Tetrathiofulvalene, Hexaazabenzophenanthrene, Dehydrobenzorohenene, Hexaphenylbenzene, Trioxazatrigonene, Pyrenetetraphenylamine, Tetra(4-ethynylphenyl)ethylene, 4,4-Diaminodiphenyl ether, 2,6-Diaminopyridine, 2,4,6-Triphenylphenylpyrene Aminopyrimidine, tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane, 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzene, 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)triazine, 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, 1,3,5-benzenetriacetic acid, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid trichloroacetate, benzene-1,3,5-trionitrile, 4,4,4-tris(ethynyl)triphenylamine, 1,3,5-tris(4-ethynylphenyl)benzene, 2,4,6-tris(4-ethynylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, benzene-1,3,5-tris(sulfonyl chloride), pyromellitic acid trichloroacetate, 2,4,6-tris(chlorocarbonyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,5-thiophene dicarboxaldehyde, 2,5-thiophene diamine, 2, 3-Dimethoxyterephthalaldehyde, 2,5-dinitroterephthalaldehyde, 2,5-diaminoterephthalic acid, 4,4-diamino-3,3'-dihydroxybiphenyl, 3,3-diaminobenzidine, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, 2,6-diaminonaphthalene, 4,4'-diaminostilbene, 1,3,5-tris(aminomethyl)benzene, 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)triazine, 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)ethane, 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)triazine, 2,6-diformylpyridine, 2,6-diformylpyridine, 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)cyclohexane, 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenoxy)benzene, 2,3 6,7-Tetraaminonaphthalene, 2,3,6,7-Tetra(formyl)phenazine, Hexa(4-aminophenyl)benzene, Imidazole, 2-Methylimidazole, 2-Ethylimidazole, 2-Propylimidazole, 2-Butylimidazole, 2-Isopropylimidazole, 2-Isobutylimidazole, 2-Phenylideneimidazole, Benzimidazole, 5,6-Dimethylbenzimidazole, 5-Nitrobenzimidazole, 2-Nitroimidazole, 4-Nitroimidazole, 2-Chloroimidazole, 4-Chloroimidazole, 2-Bromoimidazole, 2-Iodoimidazole, 2-Fluorimidazole, 4-Fluorimidazole, 2-Trifluoromethylimidazole, 4-Trifluoromethylimidazole, 2-Cyanimidazole, 4-Cyanimidazole, 2-Aminoimidazole, 4-Aminoimidazole, 2-Hydroxyimidazole, 4-Hydroxyimidazole, 4,5-Dihydroxyimidazolium, 2-Mercaptoimidazolium, 4-Mercaptoimidazolium, 2-Carboxyimidazolium, 4-Carboxyimidazolium, Imidazole-2-Carbaldehyde, Imidazole-4-Carbaldehyde, 1-Methylimidazolium, 1-Ethylimidazolium, 1-Propylimidazolium, 1-Butylimidazolium, 1-Benzylimidazolium, 2-Isopropenylimidazolium, 4-Isopropylimidazolium, 2,4-Dimethylimidazolium, 2,5-Dimethylimidazolium, 2,4,5-Trimethylimidazolium, 4,5-Dimethylimidazolium, 2-Formylimidazolium, 4-Formylimidazolium, 2-Methoxyimidazolium, 4-Methoxyimidazolium, 2-Ethoxyimidazolium, 2-Acetylimidazolium, 2-Propionylimidazolium, 2-Pyridylimidazolium, 4-Pyridylimidazolium, 2-Thienylimidazolium, 2-Furfuralimidazolium, 4-Furfuralimidazolium, 2-Indolylimidazolium azole, N-methylbenzimidazole, N-ethylbenzimidazole, 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazole, 2-(2-aminoethyl)imidazole, 2-(2-carboxyethyl)imidazole, 2-(2-methoxyethyl)imidazole, 2-vinylimidazole, 4-vinylimidazole, 2-(4-nitrophenyl)imidazole, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazole, 2-(3-chlorophenyl)imidazole, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)imidazole, 2-(4-aminophenyl)imidazole, 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)imidazole, 2-(3,5-dinitrophenyl)imidazole, 2-naphthylimidazole, 2-styrylimidazole, 2-(2-thienylmethyl)imidazole, 2-(2-furanylmethyl)imidazole, 2-(4-pyridylmethyl)imidazole, 2-(3- Pyridylmethyl)imidazolium, 2-hydroxybenzimidazole, 5-nitrosobenzimidazole, 2-(hydroxyphenyl)imidazolium, 2-(sulfonylphenyl)imidazolium, 2-(carboxyphenyl)imidazolium, 2-(aminophenyl)imidazolium, 2-cinnamylimidazolium, 2-acetamidoimidazolium, 2-benzoylimidazolium, 2-isobutyrylimidazolium, 2-naphthoylimidazolium, 2-pyrazinylimidazolium, 2-quinolinylimidazolium, E-but-2-eneic acid, 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, 4-amino-1,2,3,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid, cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid, (ethane-1,2-diamine)tetraacetic acid, 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid, 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, benzene-1,3,5-triphenyl Carboxylic acid esters (BTC), benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid, 5-sulfonylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, phenylphosphonic acid, 2,5-thiophene dicarboxylic acid, (2-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid, 2,4,6-trisulfonyl-1,3,5-triazine, 1H-imidazolium-2-carboxaldehyde, 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid ester, 4,4'-((E)-diazepine-1,2-diyl)dibenzoic acid, 4,4',4''-hypoazine-tribenzoic acid, pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)methane, furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-biphenyl dicarboxylic acid, 4,4',4''-tricarboxylic acid, 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene, (4,4',4''-triazine-2,4,6-Trimethyl-Tribenzoic acid), (1,3,6,8-tetra(terebenzoic acid)pyrene), 4,4'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid ester, biphenyl-3,3',5,5'-tetracarboxylic acid, terephthalaldehyde (benzene-1,4-dicarboxaldehyde), 1,3,5-tricarboxyphenyl, tricarboxymethyl phloroglucinol (Tp), pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetracarboxaldehyde (pyrene-TdA), 1,4-diaminobenzene 4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4',4'',4'''-(porphyrin-5,10,15,20-tetrayl)tetraphenylamine, p-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-Diaminobiphenyl, succinic acid, 1,4-butanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-butenedicarboxylic acid, 4-oxopyran-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, decanedicarboxylic acid, 1,8-heptadecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,6-hexanedicarboxylic acid, heptadecanedicarboxylic acid Acetylene dicarboxylic acid, 1,9-heptadecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, p-benzenedicarboxylic acid, imidazole-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, 2-methylquinoline-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, quinoxaline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 6-chloroquinoxaline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-butadiene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid Acids, 4,4'-diaminobenzyl-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, quinoline-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, diimide dicarboxylic acid, pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 2-methylimidazolium-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 7-chloro-4-hydroxyquinoline-2,8-dicarboxylic acid, thiophene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, tetrahydropyran-4,4-dicarboxylic acid, perylene-3,9-dicarboxylic acid, 2-isopropylimidazolium-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, perylene dicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 200 dicarboxylic acid, 3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, octane dicarboxylic acid, pentane-3,3-carboxylic acid, 3,6-dioxaoctane dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diamino-1,1*-biphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl-3,3-dicarboxylic acid, benzidine-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, 1,1'-binaphthyl dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-bis(phenylamino)phenyl-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, 7-chloro-8-methylquinoline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1-anilinoanthraquinone-2,4'-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-bis(carboxymethyl)piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, phenyl Indane dicarboxylic acid, 7-chloroquinoline-3,8-dicarboxylic acid, polytetrahydrofuran 250-dicarboxylic acid, 1-(4-carboxy)phenyl-3-(4-chloro)phenylpyrazoline-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-dibenzyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-dibenzyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4,5-cis-dicarboxylic acid, 2,2-biquinoline-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, 2-benzoylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, 3,5-Pyrazole dicarboxylic acid, pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, 3,6,9-trioxaundecane dicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 300 dicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 400 dicarboxylic acid, hydroxybenzophenone dicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 600 dicarboxylic acid, pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, bis(4-aminophenyl)sulfone diimide-dicarboxylic acid, 5,6-dimethyl-2,3-pyrazine dicarboxylic acid, bis(4-aminophenyl)ether diimide dicarboxylic acid, 2,3-pyrazine dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane diimide dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-adamantane dicarboxylic acid, 1,8-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 2,3-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 8-methoxy 2,3-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 8-sulfon-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, anthracene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 8-nitro-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,3'-diphenyl-p-terphenyl-4,4''-dicarboxylic acid, (diphenyl ether)-4,4-dicarboxylic acid, 4(1H)oxothiochromene-2,8-dicarboxylic acid, imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 5-tert-butyl-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 7,8-quinolinedicarboxylic acid, 4,5-imidazolium dicarboxylic acid, and combinations thereof.

15. The drying wheel according to claim 1, wherein the porous substrate of the honeycomb structure is selected from glass fiber, ceramic fiber, natural fiber, synthetic fiber, biosoluble fiber, pulp and combinations thereof, and optionally reinforced with 2-8% by weight of a hardener selected from silica sol, alumina sol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate and acrylate.

16. The drying wheel of claim 1, wherein the porous substrate of the honeycomb structure optionally comprises at least one adhesive selected from cellulose, polymer resin, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate, water glass, alumina sol, silica sol, and combinations thereof.

17. The drying wheel of claim 1, wherein the special desiccant material optionally further comprises at least one additive, such as graphene, nano-carbon-based materials and titanium salts, to improve kinetics and / or performance.

18. The drying wheel of claim 1, wherein the special desiccant material optionally further comprises at least one antimicrobial additive, such as silver, copper, titanium, nickel salts and other materials having similar properties.

19. A method for manufacturing a drying wheel according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: • Provide porous substrates; • Contact the porous substrate with a first solution containing a metal salt or organic linker and optionally at least one curing agent; • A honeycomb matrix structure is formed from the porous substrate, the matrix structure including multiple channels; • The matrix structure is brought into contact with a second solution containing a metal salt or an organic linker to synthesize a special desiccant material in situ on and within the matrix structure to obtain a formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix. and • The prepared honeycomb desiccant matrix is ​​washed and activated, and a drying wheel is formed.

20. A method for manufacturing a drying wheel according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: • Prepare a slurry containing special desiccant materials and binders; • By contacting the porous substrate with the slurry, a special desiccant material is formulated on and within the porous substrate; • A honeycomb matrix structure containing multiple channels is formed from a porous substrate to obtain a formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix; and • Activate the formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix and form a drying wheel.

21. A method for manufacturing a drying wheel according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: • Obtain a honeycomb matrix structure formed from a porous substrate, the honeycomb matrix structure comprising multiple channels; • Contact the honeycomb matrix structure with a first solution containing a metal salt or an organic linker; • The honeycomb matrix is ​​brought into contact with a second solution containing a metal salt or an organic linker to synthesize a special desiccant material in situ on and within the matrix structure to obtain a formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix; and • Wash and activate the formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix and form a drying wheel.

22. A method for manufacturing a drying wheel according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: • Obtain a honeycomb matrix structure formed from a porous substrate, the honeycomb matrix structure comprising multiple channels; • Contact the honeycomb substrate with a slurry containing at least a special desiccant material and an adhesive to obtain a formulated honeycomb desiccant substrate; and • Activate the formulated honeycomb desiccant matrix and form a drying wheel.

23. The drying wheel of claim 1, used in battery manufacturing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, electronic device manufacturing, cold chain processing, HVAC dehumidifiers and industrial drying, and other industrial and commercial applications.

Images