High-elasticity antibacterial nanocomposite conductive hydrogel material, preparation method thereof and biomimetic sensing application

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of high elastic toughness antibacterial nanocomposite conductive hydrogel material and its preparation method and biomimetic sensing application, belong to the field of functional polymer materials.The application uses melamine foam as porous elastic skeleton, is modified in situ on foam skeleton growth polypyrrole nanoparticles, subsequently polymerizes polydopamine-polyacrylamide hydrogel network in its inside, obtains the multifunctional nanocomposite conductive hydrogel with stable interpenetrating structure.The composite conductive hydrogel of the application has the synergistic effect formed by electronic conduction and ionic conduction, not only has excellent conductivity (up to 12 mS·cm ‑1 ), but also has high elastic toughness and reversible compression performance, has excellent pressure sensing performance under low pressure (0.3 kPa), so as to realize efficient information transmission and encryption application as a pressure sensor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of functional polymer materials, and in particular to a highly elastic and tough antibacterial nanocomposite conductive hydrogel material, its preparation method, and its biomimetic sensing applications. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of intelligent sensing technology and wearable electronic devices, flexible pressure sensors have demonstrated significant application value in fields such as human motion monitoring, physiological signal sensing, and human-computer interaction. Among these, sensing hydrogels, due to their high water content, three-dimensional cross-linked network structure, excellent flexibility, and good biocompatibility, have become important soft sensing materials. Unlike traditional rigid sensors, hydrogels possess continuous ion / electron transport pathways, allowing for reversible reconstruction under external pressure, thus converting stress into electrical signals. Simultaneously, their low modulus properties enable perfect adhesion to skin or soft tissues, maintaining stable contact even under complex deformation conditions, thereby achieving highly sensitive capture and real-time response to weak pressure signals. Therefore, sensing hydrogel materials show broad application prospects in electronic skin, health monitoring systems, and flexible wearable devices.

[0003] Chinese Patent 201811364797.8 discloses a dopamine-mediated polypyrrole conductive hydrogel and its preparation method. The method involves dissolving methacrylic anhydride-modified gelatin and acrylamide monomer in phosphate buffer, adding a photoinitiator, and initiating polymerization under ultraviolet light to obtain a modified gelatin-polyacrylamide hybrid hydrogel. The resulting hybrid hydrogel is then immersed in an aqueous solution containing pyrrole monomer and dopamine hydrochloride, and a peroxidant is added dropwise while stirring to obtain the polypyrrole conductive hydrogel. This invention employs an in-situ growth method, utilizing the dopamine biomolecule to enhance the hydrophilicity and electrical properties of polypyrrole, mediating the nucleation of polypyrrole on a hydrogel substrate to prepare a conductive hydrogel with both conductivity and good biocompatibility. However, existing hydrogels typically suffer from poor preparation controllability, limited functionality, and weak mechanical properties, severely restricting their practical application in complex environments. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a highly elastic, tough, antibacterial nanocomposite conductive hydrogel material. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a high-elasticity and toughness antibacterial nanocomposite conductive hydrogel material, which solves the problems of poor conductivity and poor mechanical properties that existing hydrogels usually have.

[0005] This invention provides a method for preparing a highly elastic and tough antibacterial nanocomposite conductive hydrogel material, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S101 First, melamine foam is immersed in ferric chloride solution, then removed and immersed in pyrrole monomer ethanol solution for oxidative polymerization, so that polypyrrole nanoparticles grow on the surface of melamine foam to obtain a porous material; the loading of polypyrrole nanoparticles in the porous material is 12-54%.

[0007] S102 first adds dopamine to a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane solution for prepolymerization, then adds acrylamide monomer, crosslinking agent, initiator and accelerator in sequence to prepare a precursor solution; the porous material is immersed in the precursor solution and heated to polymerize, so that a polydopamine-polyacrylamide hydrogel network is constructed in situ in the pores of the porous material to obtain an interpenetrating network structure of nanocomposite hydrogel.

[0008] Preferably, in step S102, the loading of polypyrrole nanoparticles in the porous material is 26-54%.

[0009] Preferably, in step S101, the oxidative polymerization reaction time is 10-15 min.

[0010] Preferably, in step S101, the melamine foam is immersed in ferric chloride solution for 30-60 minutes.

[0011] Preferably, in step S101, the pyrrole monomer ethanol solution has a mass fraction of 10 wt%.

[0012] Preferably, in step S102, the crosslinking agent is N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, the initiator is ammonium persulfate, and the accelerator is tetramethylethylenediamine.

[0013] Preferably, in step S102, the heating polymerization temperature is 45~80 ℃ and the reaction time is 1~3 h.

[0014] Another aspect of the present invention provides a highly elastic and tough antibacterial nanocomposite conductive hydrogel material and its application in the preparation of biomimetic pressure sensor devices.

[0015] This invention provides a method for preparing a highly elastic and tough antibacterial nanocomposite conductive hydrogel material. Conductive polypyrrole nanoparticles are grown on the surface of melamine foam to construct an MF@PPy composite material; subsequently, ionically conductive polydopamine-polyacrylamide hydrogel is polymerized within its porous structure to construct a dual-conductive nanocomposite hydrogel forming an interpenetrating network. This preparation method is simple and easy for mass production.

[0016] Furthermore, the composite hydrogel prepared by the method of this invention not only possesses excellent high elasticity and toughness (maximum compressive strain increased from 35.5% to 65.3%, and maximum compressive strength increased from 39 kPa to 128 kPa) and reversible compression recovery properties (the hysteresis loop area of ​​the composite hydrogel significantly decreases in subsequent loading and unloading cycles); but also, based on the synergistic effect of electronic conductivity and ionic conductivity, the composite hydrogel of this invention possesses excellent conductivity (up to 12 mS·cm). -1 Furthermore, it exhibits excellent pressure sensing performance at low pressure (0.3 kPa), making it suitable as a biomimetic pressure sensor for efficient information transmission and encryption applications. Additionally, the composite hydrogel of this invention possesses excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, particularly achieving a 99% inhibition rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, further facilitating its application in the field of biomimetic medical sensing materials. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 The diagram shows the preparation process of MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite conductive hydrogel and the SEM images of MF, MF@PPy and MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite hydrogels. Part (a) is the preparation process of MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite conductive hydrogel, and parts (b)-(d) are the SEM images of MF, MF@PPy and MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite hydrogels, respectively.

[0018] Figure 2 The characterization results of MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite conductive hydrogel are shown in part (a) as EDS distribution map of different elements in MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite conductive hydrogel; and part (b) as FT-IR spectrum of MF, PDA-PAM, MF@PDA-PAM and MF@PPy / PDA-PAM.

[0019] Figure 3 SEM images of MF@PPy prepared for Examples 1 and 2 based on different PPy loading amounts are shown below.

[0020] Figure 4 The mechanical properties test results of MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite conductive hydrogel are shown in part (a), which is the compression performance curve of MF, PDA-PAM, MF@PDA-PAM and MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite conductive hydrogel materials; and part (b) is the compression performance curve of MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite conductive hydrogel after 5 cycles.

[0021] Figure 5The inhibition zone results of MF, MF@PPy, PDA-PAM, MF@PDA-PAM and MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite conductive hydrogels against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus;

[0022] Figure 6 The results show the antibacterial properties of the control group and MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite conductive hydrogel. Part (a) shows the colony count of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in the control group and MF@PPy / PDA-PAM, and part (b) shows the bacterial survival rate of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in the control group and MF@PPy / PDA-PAM.

[0023] Figure 7 The conductivity test results are shown for MF@PDA-PAM hydrogel and MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite conductive hydrogel, where (a) is the conductivity data and (b) is the Nyquist plot.

[0024] Figure 8 The results show the sensing performance test results of MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite conductive hydrogel. Part (a) shows the relative resistance change of PDA-PAM hydrogel under pressure from 0.3 kPa to 2 kPa; part (b) shows the relative resistance change of MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite conductive hydrogel under pressure from 0.3 kPa to 2 kPa; and part (c) shows the resistance change of MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite conductive hydrogel as a pressure sensor under finger flexion-recovery cycle (0° to 90°).

[0025] Figure 9 The results show the application of MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite conductive hydrogel in the Morse code encoding of the finger bending-restoration process. Part (a) is the Morse code letter decoding table and the definition of "dot" (finger bent at a 90-degree angle and held for 1 cycle) and "slash" (held for 3 cycles); Parts (b) and (c) are the transmission information "ON" and "OFF" respectively. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0027] The melamine foam (MF) used in this patent embodiment was provided by China Sleeve Clean Nano Sponge (model SJ-L1062, size 10×6×2cm); pyrrole (Py, purity 99%), ethanol (purity 99%), acrylamide (AM, purity 98%), ferric chloride (FeCl3, purity 98%), and tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED, purity 99%) were all purchased from Maclean's reagents; dopamine hydrochloride (DA, purity 98%), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris, purity 98%), and hydrochloric acid (HCl, mass fraction 36%) were purchased from Aladdin reagents; N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS, purity 97%) and ammonium persulfate (APS, purity 98%) were purchased from Bailingwei Technology.

[0028] Example 1: As Figure 1 As shown in section (a), a method for preparing a highly elastic and tough antibacterial nanocomposite conductive hydrogel material MF@PPy / PDA-PAM is described. First, three-dimensional melamine foam (MF) is immersed in ethanol for 30 min, then dried at 50 ℃ for 2 h. Next, it is immersed in a pyrrole precursor solution, and polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles are grown on the foam surface via oxidative polymerization to obtain porous MF@PPy material. Then, the porous MF@PPy material is immersed in an alkaline Tris-HCl mixed solution containing dopamine (DA) and acrylamide (AM) monomers to construct a PDA-PAM hydrogel network in situ within its pores, obtaining an interpenetrating network structure nanocomposite hydrogel. The specific steps include: Preparation of S101 porous foam material (MF@PPy)

[0029] Take a piece of melamine foam MF (2 × 2 × 2 cm) 3 The melamine foam was immersed in ethanol for 30 min to remove impurities and dried at 50 °C for 2 h. The treated melamine foam was then placed in 40 mL of 8 wt% FeCl3 aqueous solution for 30 min to adsorb, and then removed and immersed in 44 mL of ethanol solution containing 10 wt% pyrrole monomer for 15 min to obtain black MF@PPy. Finally, MF@PPy was immersed in deionized water for 24 h to remove impurities, with the water changed every 4 h. Finally, it was removed and vacuum dried at 80 °C for 30 min to obtain porous MF@PPy.

[0030] Synthesis of S102 MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite conductive hydrogel

[0031] 15 mg of dopamine hydrochloride was dissolved in 10 mL of 0.1 M tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane solution (pH=8.5) and prepolymerized at room temperature for 15 min until the color turned reddish-brown. Then, 1.8 g of acrylamide monomer, 18 mg of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and 40 mg of ammonium persulfate were added sequentially. After complete sonication and dissolution, 14 μL of tetramethylethylenediamine was added to obtain a reaction mixture. Finally, MF@PPy was rapidly added to the above reaction mixture and reacted at 60°C for 2 h. After removal, it was soaked and washed with deionized water to obtain MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite conductive hydrogel.

[0032] Example 2: The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the in-situ liquid-phase oxidative polymerization time of melamine foam MF immersed in pyrrole monomer solution is different in step S101. The loading amount of PPy is controlled by adjusting the reaction time of MF in pyrrole monomer ethanol solution. The loading times are 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 25 min and 30 min respectively. The loading amount (mass percentage) of polypyrrole component in the prepared MF@PPy is different, which affects the formation and performance of MF@PPy / PDA-PAM hydrogel interpenetrating network.

[0033] Table 1. Effects of different polymerization times on pyrrole loading and interpenetrating hydrogel network properties.

[0034]

[0035] As shown in Table 1, when the polymerization time is short (e.g., 5 min, 10 min), the PPy loading in MF@PPy is low. Although a stable interpenetrating network can be formed at this time, the insufficient loading of PPy, as a conductive functional component, leads to incomplete internal conductive pathways, resulting in poor overall conductivity of the composite material. When the polypyrrole loading is high, an interpenetrating network structure cannot be formed: when the polymerization time is extended to 20 min or more, the PPy loading in MF@PPy increases significantly. Due to the imbalance of free radical polymerization reaction caused by excessive polymerization of PPy, the excessively high PPy loading will destroy the construction conditions of the hydrogel network, and the reaction solution will eventually become fluid, failing to form an interpenetrating network structure. At low loading, the conductivity is limited by the component content, while at high loading, the target network structure cannot be formed due to the uncontrolled polymerization process. Therefore, the optimal PPy loading in MF@PPy is 54%, which results in the most stable interpenetrating hydrogel network with the best mechanical properties (128 kPa) and conductivity (12 mS·cm). -1 ).

[0036] In another embodiment, melamine foam is immersed in ferric chloride solution for 30-60 min, and the polymerization temperature is 45-80 °C for 1-3 h.

[0037] Comparative Example 1: The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that step S102 uses untreated melamine foam to synthesize MF@PDA-PAM, specifically including the following steps: 15 mg of dopamine hydrochloride was weighed and dissolved in 10 mL of a 0.1 M tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane solution (pH=8.5) and prepolymerized at room temperature for 15 min until the color turned reddish-brown; then 1.8 g of acrylamide monomer, 18 mg of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and 40 mg of ammonium persulfate were added sequentially, and after complete sonication, 14 μL of tetramethylethylenediamine was added to obtain a reaction mixture. Finally, a piece of MF (2 × 2 × 2 cm) was placed... 3 The above reaction mixture was quickly added and reacted at 60°C for 2 h. After that, it was taken out and soaked and washed with deionized water to obtain MF@PDA-PAM hydrogel.

[0038] Comparative Example 2: The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that step S102 directly polymerizes PDA-PAM hydrogel, including the following steps: 15 mg of dopamine hydrochloride is weighed and dissolved in 10 mL of 0.1 M tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane solution (pH=8.5) and prepolymerized at room temperature for 15 min until the color turns reddish-brown; then 1.8 g of acrylamide monomer, 18 mg of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and 40 mg of ammonium persulfate are added sequentially, and after complete sonication and dissolution, 14 μL of tetramethylethylenediamine is added to obtain a reaction mixture, which is reacted at 60°C for 2 h and then soaked and washed to obtain PDA-PAM hydrogel.

[0039] (1) The morphology of the MF, MF@PPy and MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite conductive hydrogels prepared in Example 1 was characterized by SEM, and the results are as follows: Figure 1 The results in sections (b)-(d) show that: MF exhibits a three-dimensional interconnected network structure with a smooth framework surface; MF@PPy retains the porous three-dimensional structure, and PPy nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the framework surface; the framework surface of MF@PPy / PDA-PAM has a uniform and dense film, without obvious local aggregation or detachment, indicating that the PDA-PAM hydrogel interpenetrating network was successfully formed inside the MF@PPy framework.

[0040] (2) The elemental distribution and infrared characterization of the MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite conductive hydrogel prepared in Example 1 were performed, such as... Figure 2The elemental distribution results in part (a) show that C, N, O, and Cl are uniformly distributed in the material, and Fe was not detected, confirming that PPy and PDA-PAM components are uniformly loaded on the MF framework; Figure 2 The infrared spectral results in part (b) indicate that MF@PPy at 813 cm⁻¹ -1 The characteristic absorption peak appears at 1200 cm⁻¹, which is attributed to the out-of-plane bending vibration of the triazine ring in the melamine foam structure; -1 A distinct C–N stretching vibration peak was observed, originating from the polypyrrole nanoparticles; MF@PPy / PDA-PAM also exhibited characteristic absorption peaks corresponding to the functional groups, confirming its successful composite composition.

[0041] (3) The morphology of MF@PPy prepared in Example 1 and Example 2 based on different polymerization times was tested by SEM, such as... Figure 3 The results showed that PPy nanoparticles were most uniformly distributed on the MF surface after 15 min of polymerization. With increasing reaction time, the loading of PPy on the MF framework surface gradually increased. The morphology evolved from a small number of dispersed nanoparticles at 5 min to a significantly increased and agglomerated rough coating layer at 20 min. At 25 min, further growth formed a uniform and dense cauliflower-like aggregate structure. Finally, at 30 min, the particle aggregates increased in size and became more densely packed, forming a thick and rough coating layer on the framework surface, with some pores filled due to excessive PPy growth. This process demonstrates the controllability of the PPy coating degree and surface morphology. Therefore, MF@PPy prepared at 10-15 min is preferred for subsequent formation of a uniformly coated and structurally complete three-dimensional porous composite framework.

[0042] (4) The mechanical properties of the MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite conductive hydrogel prepared in Example 1 were characterized, such as... Figure 4 The compressive stress-strain curves in section (a) show that, compared to MF, MF@PPy, PDA-PAM (Comparative Example 2), and MF@PDA-PAM (Comparative Example 1), MF@PPy / PDA-PAM (Example 1) exhibits superior compressive mechanical properties, with the maximum compressive strain increasing from 35.5% to 65.3% and the maximum compressive strength increasing from 39 kPa to 128 kPa, indicating its high elasticity and toughness; Figure 4 The cyclic compression test results in section (b) show that the hysteresis loop area of ​​the composite hydrogel decreases significantly in subsequent loading and unloading cycles, indicating that it has excellent reversible compression resilience.

[0043] (5) The antibacterial properties of the materials prepared by MF, MF@PPy, MF@PPy / PDA-PAM (Example 1), MF@PDA-PAM (Comparative Example 1), and PDA-PAM (Comparative Example 2) were tested using the inhibition zone method. Figure 5 The inhibition zone test results showed that no obvious inhibition zones against *Escherichia coli* and *Staphylococcus aureus* were observed around MF and MF@PPy materials, indicating that they lacked antibacterial activity. PDA-PAM, MF@PDA-PAM, and MF@PPy / PDA-PAM all exhibited antibacterial effects, with MF@PPy / PDA-PAM showing the best inhibition zone effect, averaging 1.56 mm for *E. coli* and 3.46 mm for *Staphylococcus aureus*. Furthermore, the antibacterial performance of MF@PPy / PDA-PAM was tested using colony counting. Figure 6 The results in Parts (a) and (b) show that, compared with the control group, the number of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus colonies in the MF@PPy / PDA-PAM group was significantly reduced, and the bacterial survival rate was extremely low. This indicates that the MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite conductive hydrogel has excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, especially with an inhibition rate of 99% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which is more conducive to its application in the field of biomimetic medical sensing materials.

[0044] (6) The electrical conductivity of the materials in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 was tested using an electrochemical measurement system. For example... Figure 7 The results in sections (a) and (b) show that, compared to PDA-PAM and MF@PDA-PAM, the electrical conductivity of the MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite hydrogel material is significantly improved, reaching 12 mS·cm. -1 It is two orders of magnitude higher; at the same time, its overall impedance is significantly reduced to 10. 1 -10 3 Within the Ω range, the curve is smoother and more continuous, indicating that the synergy between electronic and ionic conductivity forms a stable and efficient dual-conductivity network, effectively reducing the overall resistance.

[0045] (7) The material sensing performance of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was further tested using an electrochemical measurement system. For example... Figure 8 The relative resistance variation diagram in section (a) shows that the MF@PDA-PAM hydrogel exhibits a decaying resistance response to pressures ranging from 0.3 to 2 kPa; while... Figure 8The results in section (b) show that the MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite conductive hydrogel exhibits a stable, graded resistance response to pressures ranging from 0.3 to 2 kPa. Even under low pressure conditions of 0.3 kPa, its relative resistance change rate still reaches 28.8%, demonstrating that this nanocomposite conductive hydrogel possesses excellent low-pressure, high-sensitivity sensing characteristics. Figure 8 The results in section (c) show that the MF@PPy / PDA-PAM composite hydrogel was assembled into a pressure sensor and attached to the finger joint. At 0... o ~90 o During the repeated bending-returning cycle of 6 times, the electrical signal remained stable, proving that it has reliable signal transmission and sensing response capabilities.

[0046] (8) Finally, the MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite hydrogel was applied to the Morse code encoding of the finger bending-restoration process. For example... Figure 9 The results in section (a) show that when the fingers are bent at 90 degrees... o A point is defined as maintaining a time unit of one, and a stroke is defined as maintaining a time unit of three. Based on this principle, the resistance change of the sensor during human movement can be successfully converted into meaningful information signals, enabling the transmission of short character information such as "ON" and "OFF," as shown in the following figure. Figure 9 As shown in sections (b) and (c): The MF@PPy / PDA-PAM nanocomposite conductive hydrogel sensor can achieve effective information transmission and encryption through human motion sensing, and has good application prospects in the next generation of wearable electronic devices and intelligent communication systems.

[0047] In summary, this invention employs a method for preparing a highly elastic and tough antibacterial nanocomposite conductive hydrogel material. Conductive polypyrrole nanoparticles are grown on the surface of melamine foam to construct an MF@PPy composite material. Subsequently, ionically conductive polydopamine-polyacrylamide hydrogel is polymerized within its porous structure to construct a stable interpenetrating network of dual-conductive nanocomposite hydrogel. The composite hydrogel of this invention not only possesses excellent high elasticity, toughness, and reversible compressibility, but also excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, especially achieving a 99% inhibition rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, based on the synergistic effect of electronic and ionic conductivity, the composite hydrogel of this invention exhibits excellent conductivity (up to 12 mS·cm). -1 It also has excellent pressure sensing performance at low pressure (0.3 kPa), and can be used as a biomimetic pressure sensor to achieve efficient information transmission and encryption applications.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a highly elastic and tough antibacterial nanocomposite conductive hydrogel material, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S101 First, melamine foam is immersed in ferric chloride solution, then removed and immersed in pyrrole monomer ethanol solution for oxidative polymerization, so that polypyrrole nanoparticles grow on the surface of melamine foam to obtain a porous material, wherein the loading of polypyrrole nanoparticles in the porous material is 12-54%; S102 first adds dopamine to a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane solution for prepolymerization, then adds acrylamide monomer, crosslinking agent, initiator and accelerator in sequence to prepare a precursor solution; the porous material is immersed in the precursor solution and heated to polymerize, so that a polydopamine-polyacrylamide hydrogel network is constructed in situ in the pores of the porous material to obtain an interpenetrating network structure of nanocomposite hydrogel.

2. The preparation method of a high-elasticity, toughness, antibacterial nanocomposite conductive hydrogel material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S101, the loading of polypyrrole nanoparticles in the porous material is 26-54%.

3. The preparation method of a high-elasticity, toughness, antibacterial nanocomposite conductive hydrogel material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S101, the oxidative polymerization reaction time is 10-15 min.

4. The preparation method of a high-elasticity, toughness, antibacterial nanocomposite conductive hydrogel material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S101, melamine foam is immersed in ferric chloride solution for 30-60 minutes.

5. The preparation method of a high-elasticity, toughness, antibacterial nanocomposite conductive hydrogel material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S101, the pyrrole monomer ethanol solution has a mass fraction of 10 wt%.

6. The preparation method of a high-elasticity, toughness, antibacterial nanocomposite conductive hydrogel material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S102, the crosslinking agent is N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, the initiator is ammonium persulfate, and the accelerator is tetramethylethylenediamine.

7. The method for preparing a high-elasticity, toughness, antibacterial nanocomposite conductive hydrogel material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S102, the heating polymerization temperature is 45~80 ℃, and the reaction time is 1~3 h.

8. A highly elastic and tough antibacterial nanocomposite conductive hydrogel material prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The application of the high elasticity and toughness antibacterial nanocomposite conductive hydrogel material according to claim 8 in the preparation of biomimetic pressure sensor devices.

10. The application of the high-elasticity, toughness, antibacterial nanocomposite conductive hydrogel material as a pressure sensor in Morse code encoding as described in claim 8.

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