A large slope roof pouring construction structure and a construction method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of large slope roof pouring construction structure and construction method, including wood formwork and upper reinforcement, several bottom fixed in wood formwork's positioning support device, its lower portion is welded with the water stop base plate that is attached to wood formwork, bottom is locked and is pulled tight by adjustable fastening device;Floor slab is connected with positioning support device by inserting type hanging buckle anti-deviation device, and form integral rigid structure;Reinforcement is separated into multiple independent pouring sections along the gradient between floor slab, and is separated into multiple independent pouring sections;Water stop base plate bottom is provided with pre-buried anti-spiral sleeve, bolt is locked from wood formwork bottom, and is used as ceiling mounting position after form removal.The present application structure and process synergy, actively control concrete flow, improve formwork stability, avoid post-embedded destruction structure, realize structure and waterproof integration, construction quality is excellent, and efficiency is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building construction, specifically to a construction structure and method for pouring concrete for a steeply sloping roof. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of modern architectural design concepts, steeply sloping roof structures are increasingly widely used in residential, commercial, public, and cultural and tourism buildings to meet the needs of aesthetic appeal, efficient roof drainage, and space utilization. Compared to flat roofs and gently sloping roofs, steeply sloping roofs with a slope greater than 15° can effectively improve rainwater drainage speed, reduce the risk of roof leaks, and give buildings a unique facade effect. Therefore, their proportion in construction projects has been steadily increasing in recent years.

[0003] However, the concrete pouring construction of steeply sloping roofs has always been a technical challenge in the construction engineering field. In existing technologies, concrete pouring for sloping roofs typically employs differentiated construction methods based on the roof slope: for gently sloping roofs with a slope less than 15°, the downward force generated by the concrete's own weight is relatively small, and the conventional direct pouring method can meet the construction quality requirements, with a simple and low-cost construction process; however, for steeply sloping roofs with a slope greater than 15°, especially those exceeding 30°, the concrete mixture exhibits a significant downward tendency under its own weight and the impact of construction vibration. Simultaneously, the coarse aggregate in the concrete is prone to separating from the cement mortar, a phenomenon known as concrete segregation. This sagging and segregation can lead to localized concrete accumulation at the bottom of the roof and insufficient material at the top, resulting in serious construction quality defects such as honeycombing, pitting, exposed reinforcement, and uneven concrete strength. It can even cause roof structural leaks, affecting the building's service life and safety.

[0004] To address the issue of concrete sagging during the pouring of steeply sloping roofs, various technical attempts have been made in the industry, with the technical solution disclosed in Chinese Patent CN201020168453.2 being the most typical. This solution employs a rigid, fastened formwork system similar to a shear wall. Formwork is installed on both sides of the roof and clamped together with tie bolts, relying on the external constraint of the formwork to limit concrete deformation and sagging. While this solution alleviates the pouring difficulties of small-span, steeply sloping roofs to some extent, it still has many shortcomings in practical engineering applications.

[0005] Firstly, the aforementioned existing technologies rely entirely on the external clamping force of the formwork to prevent concrete from sliding down, without taking proactive control measures for the internal flow characteristics of the concrete. When the roof slope is large or the span is long, the downward sliding energy of the concrete will increase significantly, and the constraint of the external formwork alone is not enough to completely offset it, and varying degrees of sagging and segregation will still occur, resulting in poor construction quality stability.

[0006] Secondly, traditional shear wall formwork uses single-point constraint with tie bolts for fixing, resulting in limited connection stiffness between formwork sections. Under conditions of large spans and steep slopes, the lateral pressure and impact forces generated during concrete pouring can easily cause the formwork to bulge, shift, or even collapse, affecting not only the dimensional accuracy of the roof structure but also potentially leading to safety accidents.

[0007] Third, existing formwork systems cannot reserve pre-embedded points required for subsequent construction during the pouring process. They can only perform post-embedding by drilling after the concrete has solidified. Post-embedding is not only inefficient, but the drilling process can easily damage the roof's steel reinforcement structure and waterproofing layer, leaving new potential leakage hazards.

[0008] Fourth, for large-span sloping roofs, segmented pouring is usually required for construction. Existing technology cannot effectively control the setting process of concrete, and cold joints are easily formed between the upper and lower concrete sections due to the difference in setting time. These cold joints become weak points for roof leakage, resulting in high maintenance costs and unreliable repair results.

[0009] Fifth, the installation and dismantling of traditional shear wall formwork systems are cumbersome, requiring a large amount of labor and materials, and resulting in a long construction period. Furthermore, this system has poor adaptability to roof slope and span, making it difficult to meet the construction needs of steeply sloping roofs with different shapes and slopes, thus hindering large-scale application in engineering projects.

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to design a construction structure and method for pouring concrete for roofs with steep slopes, addressing the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0011] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a construction structure and method for pouring concrete for a steep roof, which can effectively solve at least one of the problems existing in the prior art.

[0012] The technical solution of this invention is: A construction structure for pouring concrete for a steeply sloping roof includes wooden formwork and reinforcing bars placed above the wooden formwork, and further includes: Several positioning support devices are vertically fixed to the wooden template and their bottoms pass through the wooden template. A water-stop pad is welded to the lower part of the positioning support device. The water-stop pad is in contact with the upper end face of the wooden template. The bottom of the positioning support device is locked and fixed by an adjustable fastening device to pull the water-stop pad and the wooden template tightly together. The floor deck is laid on top of the steel bars and is fixedly connected to the upper ends of several positioning support devices through several plug-in hook anti-deviation devices, so that the floor deck, positioning support devices and wooden formwork form an integral rigid structure. A graded partition structure is set at intervals along the roof slope in the pouring area between the wooden formwork and the floor deck to divide the pouring area into multiple independent pouring sections. An embedded anti-spiral sleeve is installed around the bottom of the water-stop pad. The water-stop pad is fixed to the wooden template by bolts inserted through the bottom of the anti-spiral sleeve and locked into the wooden template. After the wooden template is removed, the anti-spiral sleeve is used as the installation position for subsequent indoor ceiling construction.

[0013] As a further improvement, the anti-deviation device is a plug-in structure, including a plug-in sleeve fixed to the bottom of the floor deck and a plug-in connector fixed to the upper end of the positioning support device. The plug-in sleeve is provided with a plug-in groove that is interference-fitted with the plug-in connector.

[0014] As a further improvement, the insertion slot extends along the roof slope direction and its opening is located on its side wall facing downwards along the roof slope.

[0015] As a further improvement, the connector is a square plug, and the plug slot is a rectangular slot adapted to the shape of the square plug.

[0016] As a further improvement, the connector includes a base and a double-layer plug-in structure located on the upper end of the base. The double-layer plug-in structure includes a rectangular support block located on the inner side and a deformable double claw structure located on the outer side. The plug-in slot is correspondingly divided to form a rectangular slot and a connecting slot that respectively cooperate with the rectangular support block and the double claw structure. The connecting slot is provided with a locking block that engages with the double claw structure. There is a gap between the rectangular support block and the double claw structure. There is a separator strip between the rectangular slot and the connecting slot that is interference-fitted with the gap.

[0017] As a further improvement, the dual claw structure includes independent claw units located on both sides of the base width direction. The two claw units form a deformation space on the side that is close to each other, and the sides that are far apart from each other are symmetrically provided with buckle grooves. The locking block is engaged with the buckle groove. The top of the card block near the inner side of the connecting slot forms a flat abutting surface, and the bottom of the abutting surface forms an arc-shaped transition surface. The side of the claw unit near the card block forms an arc-shaped mating surface that extends from its end to the base edge. The buckle groove is located on the extension path of the arc-shaped mating surface.

[0018] As a further improvement, the positioning support device includes a main support rod and two connecting rods integrally disposed on the top of the main support rod. The two connecting rods form a Y-shaped connection with the main support rod, and the two connecting rods are distributed up and down along the roof slope direction. Two anti-deviation devices that cooperate with the positioning support device are provided and are distributed up and down along the roof slope direction.

[0019] As a further improvement, a welding hole is provided in the middle of the water-stop pad, and the bottom of the positioning support device passes through the welding hole and is fully welded. The reverse spiral sleeve is a metal sleeve and is welded and fixed around the water-stop pad. The bolt passes through the bottom of the wooden template and is locked into the reverse spiral sleeve for secure fastening. Alternatively, the anti-spiral sleeve may be a plastic or metal sleeve, and may be integrally formed with the wooden formwork in advance by means of a grouting method.

[0020] As a further improvement, the density of the hierarchical partition structure is positively correlated with the roof slope: For slopes of 15°-30°, a new slope is placed every 3m; for slopes of 30°-45°, a new slope is placed every 2m; and for slopes of 45°-60°, a new slope is placed every 1.5m. The graded partition structure is a wire mesh or an air-supported membrane structure.

[0021] The present invention also provides a construction method, comprising the following steps: S1. Lay the bottom wooden formwork, install the square steel keel and concrete pads, and adjust the flatness and slope of the formwork; S2. Apply cement mortar to the inside of the waterstop panel, and place the welded waterstop pad and positioning support device through the designated position of the wooden formwork using the grouting method. Fix the waterstop pad on the wooden formwork using the pre-embedded anti-spiral sleeve and bolts, and fill the surrounding area with sealant. Install an adjustable fastening device at the bottom of the positioning support device through the wooden formwork or the wooden formwork and square steel keel, and adjust the verticality. S3. Tie the roof reinforcement bars and ensure that the thickness of the concrete cover meets the specifications. S4. Lay open-type floor decking and fix it to the upper end of the positioning support device through plug-in hook anti-deviation device; S5. Set up a graded partition structure along the roof slope to form multiple independent pouring sections, and adjust the density according to the slope. S6. Adopt a segmented and layered pouring method from bottom to top, and pour each independent pouring segment in sequence; S7. Use an immersion vibrator to compact the material, and cover and cure it according to the specifications. S8. After the concrete reaches the required strength, remove the bottom formwork and bolts, cut the exposed end of the positioning support device, and retain the pre-embedded anti-spiral sleeve.

[0022] Therefore, the present invention provides the following effects and / or advantages: Existing concrete pouring technology for steeply sloping roofs relies entirely on the external clamping force of the formwork to passively prevent concrete from sliding down. It does not take active control measures for the internal flow characteristics of the concrete. When the roof slope is greater than 15°, especially above 30°, the concrete mixture generates significant downward sliding energy under its own weight and the impact of vibration. External formwork constraints alone are insufficient to completely offset this, resulting in varying degrees of sagging and segregation. This leads to localized accumulation of concrete at the bottom of the roof and material shortage at the top, which in turn causes serious construction quality defects such as honeycomb, pitting, exposed reinforcement, and uneven strength. It can even cause roof structure leakage, affecting the service life and safety of the building. To address this, the present invention employs a tiered partition structure spaced along the roof slope between the wooden formwork and the floor deck, dividing the pouring area into multiple independent pouring sections. The density of the tiered partition structure is positively correlated with the roof slope, which can gradually dissipate the downward sliding energy of the concrete, restrict the large-scale movement of coarse aggregate, and fundamentally achieve active control over concrete sagging and segregation rather than the traditional passive blocking. This ensures that the concrete is evenly distributed and solidifies within each section, effectively avoiding various construction quality defects and significantly improving the stability of construction quality.

[0023] Traditional shear wall formwork uses single-point constraint fixing with tie bolts, resulting in limited connection stiffness between formwork sections. Under conditions of large spans and steep slopes, the lateral pressure and impact forces generated during concrete pouring can easily cause formwork bulging, displacement, or even collapse, affecting not only the dimensional accuracy of the roof structure but also potentially leading to safety accidents. To address this, this invention constructs an integrated rigid formwork system. The floor decking is fixedly connected to the upper end of the positioning support device via a plug-in hook anti-displacement device, forming an integrated rigid structure with the floor decking, positioning support device, and wooden formwork, achieving surface constraint instead of traditional point constraint. Simultaneously, an adjustable fastening device locks the bottom of the positioning support device, tightening the water-stop pad against the wooden formwork. Combined with the self-locking design of the plug-in slot opening facing downwards along the roof slope and the Y-shaped double-point connection structure, multiple layers of protection ensure the stability of the formwork system, completely solving the formwork deformation problem in large-span, steep-slope construction. This ensures both the dimensional accuracy of the roof structure and improves construction safety.

[0024] Existing formwork systems cannot reserve pre-embedded points for subsequent construction during the pouring process. Pre-embedding can only be done after the concrete has hardened by drilling. Post-embedding is not only inefficient, but the drilling process can easily damage the roof's steel reinforcement and waterproofing layer, leaving new leakage risks. To address this, this invention features pre-embedded reverse spiral sleeves around the bottom of the water-stop pad. Bolts are inserted into the sleeves from the bottom of the wooden formwork to secure the water-stop pad. After the formwork is removed, the reverse spiral sleeves remain permanently in the concrete and can be directly used as installation positions for subsequent ceiling construction. This integrated design of water-stop pad fixation and subsequent pre-embedding eliminates the need for later drilling, simplifying the construction process, improving efficiency, and preventing damage to the roof structure and waterproofing layer caused by post-embedding, thus eliminating new leakage risks at the source.

[0025] In existing segmented pouring construction methods for large-span sloping roofs, it is impossible to effectively control the concrete setting process. Cold joints easily form between upper and lower concrete sections due to the difference in setting time. These cold joints become weak points for roof leakage, resulting in high maintenance costs and unreliable repair results. To address this, this invention utilizes a graded partition structure combined with a bottom-up, segmented, layered pouring method to achieve gradient setting control of the concrete. This ensures a tight connection between upper and lower concrete sections within the initial setting time, completely eliminating the possibility of cold joints. Simultaneously, the floor deck slab is permanently retained after pouring, serving directly as the outer surface of the roof panel. Together with the internal concrete structure, it forms a composite waterproof roof, achieving structural and waterproof integration. This significantly improves the overall waterproof performance of the roof and drastically reduces the cost of subsequent leakage repairs.

[0026] Traditional shear wall formwork systems involve cumbersome installation and dismantling procedures, requiring significant labor and material inputs, resulting in long construction cycles. Furthermore, they exhibit poor adaptability to roof slopes and spans, making it difficult to meet the construction needs of steeply sloping roofs with varying shapes and gradients, hindering large-scale application in engineering projects. In response, this invention simplifies the installation and dismantling process of the formwork system, eliminating the traditional top formwork removal step, reducing labor and material inputs, and shortening the construction period. It also provides multiple alternative implementation schemes: the graded partition structure can utilize wire mesh or air-supported membrane structures, and the anti-spiral sleeves can employ welded metal sleeves or mortar-supported plastic / metal sleeves, adaptable to sloping roofs with gradients from 15° to 60°. The air-supported membrane structures further extend the application to ultra-steep roofs exceeding 60°, demonstrating strong versatility and suitability for large-scale application in various building projects.

[0027] In summary, this invention addresses the core issue of concrete flow and segregation on steeply sloping roofs by actively controlling flow through a graded, zoned structure; it ensures stability and safety during construction by relying on an integrated rigid formwork system and multiple anti-deviation measures; it achieves functional reuse and structural protection through integrated pre-embedded technology, eliminating potential leakage risks at the source; it enhances roof waterproofing performance through gradient solidification control and permanent floor deck design; and it simplifies construction procedures, shortens the construction cycle, and enhances the versatility of the solution, overcoming many shortcomings of existing technologies and significantly improving the construction quality, efficiency, and overall economic benefits of concrete pouring for steeply sloping roofs.

[0028] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention are realized and obtained through the structures particularly pointed out in the description and the drawings.

[0029] It should be understood that the above summary and the following detailed description of the invention are exemplary and explanatory, and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a side view of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the casting state in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a partial explosion structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a partial exploded structural diagram of the water-stop pad in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention in the casting state.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a partial explosion structure according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a partial explosion structure of the anti-deviation device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 10This is a partial structural diagram of the connector in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 11 This is one of the partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagrams of the plug sleeve in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 12 This is a second partial cross-sectional view of the plug sleeve in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 13 This is a partial cross-sectional view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0043] In the picture: 100. Wooden formwork; 110. Mounting hole; 200. Positioning support device; 210. Main support rod; 220. Adjustable fastening device; 230. Square pad; 240. Connecting rod; 300. Anti-deviation device; 310. Square insert; 320. Insert sleeve; 321. Rectangular slot; 322. Connecting slot; 323. Locking block; 324. Abutment surface; 325. Curved transition surface; 326. Separator strip; 327. 330. Guide surface; 340. Plug-in connector; 350. Base; 360. Double-layer plug-in structure; 370. Rectangular support block; 371. Double claw structure; 372. Claw unit; 373. Snap-in groove; 400. Floor deck; 500. Water-stop pad; 510. Welding hole; 520. Bolt; 600. Reverse spiral sleeve; 610. Reverse thread groove; 700. Square steel keel; 800. Reinforcing bar; 900. Graded partition structure. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the structure of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: Example 1 This embodiment addresses industry pain points such as easy flow and segregation in the pouring of concrete for steeply sloping roofs, poor formwork stability, structural damage from post-installation pre-embedded components, and insufficient waterproofing performance. It constructs an integral rigid formwork structure, a graded active flow control structure, and an integrated waterproofing pre-embedded structure. The floor deck 400 is connected to the bottom wooden formwork 100 as a whole by a positioning support device 200, solving the formwork deformation problem. The graded isolation structure 900 actively consumes the downward sliding energy of the concrete a, fundamentally suppressing flow and segregation. The pre-embedded anti-spiral sleeve 600 simultaneously fixes the water-stop pad 500 and facilitates subsequent ceiling pre-embedding, avoiding structural damage from post-installation drilling. The floor deck 400 is permanently retained as the outer surface of the roof panel, achieving structural and waterproofing integration. Details are as follows: refer to Figure 1-5The construction structure for pouring concrete for a steep roof includes a wooden formwork 100 fixedly connected to the bottom square steel keel 700, a single-rod positioning support device 200, a foundation plug-in hook anti-deviation device 300, and an open-type floor deck 400. It also includes steel bars 800, water-stop pads 500, pre-embedded anti-spiral sleeves, and a graded partition structure 900.

[0045] The positioning support device 200 adopts a single straight main support rod 210, with the bottom of the main support rod 210 passing vertically through the mounting hole 110 pre-drilled in the wooden template 100. The waterstop pad 500 is square, with a welding hole 510 in the middle. The middle part of the main support rod 210 passes through the welding hole 510 in the middle of the waterstop pad 500 and is fully welded to form preliminary waterproofing. The lower end face of the waterstop pad 500 is tightly fitted to the upper end face of the wooden template 100. The main support rod 210 extends out of the bottom of the wooden formwork 100 and is equipped with a nut-type adjustable fastening device 220. The bottom of the main support rod 210 forms an external thread section (not shown in the figure) that engages with the adjustable fastening device 220. By tightening the adjustable fastening device 220, the bottom surface of the waterstop pad 500 can be pulled tightly against the wooden formwork 100, thereby making the entire positioning support device 200 form a stable support foundation on the wooden formwork 100. Multiple positioning support devices 200 are arranged in sequence, and finally form a matrix-style multi-point connection structure at the upper end of the wooden formwork 100, which facilitates multi-point hook connection with the subsequent floor deck 400 to form a stable overall structure.

[0046] The pre-embedded reverse spiral sleeves 600 are welded metal sleeves, four in total, evenly welded to the four corners of the bottom of the waterstop pad 500. A reverse threaded groove 610 is formed inside the reverse spiral sleeve 600 with its opening facing the bottom. Bolts 520 are inserted through pre-drilled holes at the bottom of the wooden template 100 and locked into the reverse threaded groove 610 of the reverse spiral sleeve 600, achieving secondary fixation of the waterstop pad 500. The contact gap between the waterstop pad 500 and the wooden template 100 is filled with sealant (not shown in the figure). Thus, by using bolts 520 to fix the waterstop pad 500 a second time, combined with the sealant filling around the waterstop pad 500, the waterstop pad 500 can be further fixed, and the force transmitted by the positioning support device 200 can be evenly distributed on the contact surface between the waterstop pad 500 and the wooden formwork 100, avoiding the situation where uneven force caused by the slope leads to loosening and warping, resulting in leakage. On the other hand, under the strengthening effect of the first aspect mentioned above, the sealant can also further seal the contact surface between the waterstop pad 500 and the wooden formwork 100, preventing the formation of leakage paths and further enhancing the waterproof effect.

[0047] The anti-deviation device 300 adopts a basic plug-in structure, including a plug-in sleeve 320 fixed to the bottom of the floor deck 400 and a square plug 310 fixed to the upper end of the main support rod 210. The plug-in sleeve 320 has a rectangular slot 321 that interferes with the square plug 310. The slot extends along the roof slope, and its opening is only located on the side wall facing downwards along the roof slope. Therefore, through the self-locking design of the rectangular slot 321 opening facing downwards along the roof slope, the weight of the floor deck 400 enhances the stability of the connection between the plug-in sleeve 320 and the square plug 310 when the entire roof deck 400 is connected by a hook, making the entire roof pouring construction structure a unified whole.

[0048] The floor deck 400 is made of open-type profiled steel sheet. The plug sleeve 320 of the anti-deviation device 300 is preferably fixed to the flat position at the bottom of the floor deck 400 by welding, so that the anti-deviation device 300 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the positioning support device 200 to form a continuous whole.

[0049] In addition, some of the positioning support devices 200 can be installed on the extended distribution path of the square steel keel 700. The rod-shaped bottom of the positioning support device 200 passes through the square steel keel 700 and is then threaded and locked by the adjustable fastening device 220, thereby using the square steel keel 700 to form a more stable support, making the entire roof pouring construction structure a more stable whole.

[0050] Furthermore, the reinforcing bars 800 are tied between the top of the wooden formwork 100 and the floor slab 400 to control the thickness of the protective layer of the reinforcing bars 800 so that the pouring thickness of the roof meets the relevant specifications.

[0051] Existing methods for pouring concrete for steeply sloping roofs rely entirely on the external clamping force of the formwork to passively prevent concrete (a) from sliding down. No active control measures are taken regarding the internal flow characteristics of the concrete (a). When the roof slope is large or the span is long, the downward sliding energy of the concrete (a) increases significantly. External formwork constraints alone are insufficient to completely counteract this, resulting in varying degrees of sagging and segregation. This leads to uneven distribution and localized accumulation of the concrete (a), causing serious construction quality defects such as honeycombing, pitting, exposed reinforcement, and uneven strength. To address this, this embodiment incorporates a graded partition structure (900) along the roof slope direction within the space where the reinforcing steel (800mm) is tied, forming multiple independent pouring sections. Specifically, the graded partition structure (900) is made of wire mesh, with mesh sizes that allow cement mortar to pass through while effectively blocking coarse aggregate. Along the roof slope direction, one partition is installed every 3m for slopes of 15°-30° and every 2m for slopes of 30°-45°. The wire mesh is arranged perpendicular to the wooden formwork 100 and the floor deck 400. Its upper and lower ends are tied and fixed to the ribs of the floor deck 400 and the wooden formwork 100 with iron wire, and are further tied and fixed with the help of the steel bars 800, thereby dividing the entire pouring area into multiple independent pouring sections.

[0052] In addition, a square pad 230 can be added at the position where the positioning support device 200 passes through the wooden template 100 or the square steel keel 700. The adjustable fastening device 220 can press and fix the bottom of the wooden template 100 or the bottom of the square steel keel 700 through the square pad 230. Locking holes (not shown in the figure) are also opened around the square pad 230 for the bolt 520 to pass through, so as to facilitate the locking and fixing of the bolt 520 and the anti-spiral sleeve 600, and at the same time, the square pad 230 strengthens the support connection effect of the bolt 520.

[0053] In summary, existing methods for constructing steeply sloping roofs commonly employ shear wall-type tie-bolt 520 formwork systems. These systems rely on external clamping forces at single points to prevent concrete from sliding down. However, the limited rigidity of the connections between formwork sections means that, under conditions of large spans and steep slopes, the lateral pressure and impact forces generated during concrete pouring can easily lead to formwork bulging, displacement, or even collapse. This not only affects the dimensional accuracy of the roof structure but also poses serious safety hazards. To address this, this invention, through the aforementioned structure, integrates the floor deck 400, positioning support device 200, and wooden formwork 100 into an inseparable, rigid whole, achieving surface constraint instead of traditional point constraint. The lateral pressure and sliding force generated during concrete pouring are transmitted through the floor deck 400 to the positioning support device 200, and then evenly distributed to the bottom formwork system, achieving uniform force distribution. This completely solves the problems of formwork bulging and displacement under conventional slopes, ensuring the dimensional accuracy of the roof structure.

[0054] This invention, through the aforementioned graded partition structure 900, divides the pouring area into multiple independent pouring sections, with the density of the partition structure positively correlated with the roof slope. During concrete pouring, each wire mesh prevents the downward movement of coarse aggregate, progressively consuming the downward sliding energy of the concrete (a), ensuring uniform distribution of coarse aggregate within each section. Cement mortar, however, can flow through the mesh between adjacent sections, guaranteeing effective bonding between adjacent pouring sections. This structure fundamentally achieves active control over concrete (a) sagging and segregation, rather than the traditional passive blocking, effectively controlling sagging and segregation without affecting the integrity of the concrete (a). It is convenient to construct and cost-effective.

[0055] Meanwhile, the self-locking design of the slot opening facing downward along the roof slope ensures that when the concrete pouring generates a downward thrust, the closed end of the slot will abut against the insert block. The greater the thrust, the better the locking effect, effectively preventing the floor deck 400 from sliding and shifting along the slope direction.

[0056] Example 2 Reference Figure 6-12 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment one is that the single-rod positioning support device 200 is replaced with a Y-type positioning support device 200, and the basic plug-in anti-deviation device 300 is replaced with a double-layer snap-on anti-deviation device 300.

[0057] The Y-shaped positioning support device 200 has two connecting rods 240 integrally formed on the top of the main support rod 210. The two connecting rods 240 and the main support rod 210 form a Y-shaped connection structure, and the two connecting rods 240 are distributed up and down along the roof slope.

[0058] Two double-layer snap-fit ​​anti-deviation devices 300 are provided for the two connecting rods 240 corresponding to the Y-type positioning support device 200. Each anti-deviation device 300 includes a connector 330, which includes a base 340 and a double-layer plug-in structure 350 located on the upper end of the base 340. The base 340 is block-shaped and integrally fixed or welded to the connecting rod 240. On the side of the base 340 away from the connecting rod 240, the inner side is a solid rectangular support block 360, and the outer side is a symmetrically arranged deformable double claw structure 370. A gap a is left between the rectangular support block 360 and the double claw structure 370. The double claw structure 370 includes independent claw units 371 located on both sides of the width direction of the base 340. The side where the two claw units 371 approach each other forms a deformation space b, and the side where they are far apart has symmetrically arranged snap-fit ​​grooves 372.

[0059] In this embodiment, the interior of the plug-in sleeve 320 is correspondingly divided into a rectangular slot 321 and a connecting slot 322. The inner walls of both sides of the connecting slot 322 are symmetrically provided with locking blocks 323. A flat abutment surface 324 is formed on the top of the locking block 323 near the inner side of the connecting slot 322, and an arc-shaped transition surface 325 is formed relative to the bottom of the abutment surface 324. An arc-shaped mating surface is formed on the side of the claw unit 371 near the locking block 323, extending along its end to the edge of the base 340. A latching groove 372 is provided on the extension path of the arc-shaped mating surface. A separator strip 326 is provided between the rectangular slot 321 and the connecting slot 322, providing an interference fit with the rectangular support block 360 and the double claw structure 370.

[0060] In this embodiment, the separator 326 is provided with an inclined guide surface 327 at the opening of the plug sleeve 320, which is used to guide the gap between the double claw structure 370 and the rectangular support block 360 to engage.

[0061] For roofs with a medium to high slope of 30°-45°, the sliding force and lateral pressure of concrete a increase significantly. The single-point connection strength of the basic single-rod positioning support device 200 is no longer sufficient, easily leading to problems such as slippage of the floor deck 400 and deformation of the positioning support device 200. To address this, this invention uses a Y-shaped positioning support device 200 to change the single-point connection to a double-point connection, significantly increasing the connection area and stress points between the floor deck 400 and the positioning support device 200, and enabling a more even distribution of the lateral pressure and sliding force generated during concrete pouring.

[0062] Meanwhile, the double-layer snap-fit ​​anti-deviation device 300 combines the ease of installation of the plug-in structure with the anti-detachment capability of the snap-fit ​​structure. During installation, the rectangular support block 360 inserts into the rectangular slot 321 to provide the main vertical support force, the double claw structure 370 inserts into the connecting slot 322 and forms a snap-fit ​​connection with the block 323, and the partition strip 326 inserts into the gap to form an interference fit. This triple connection ensures the firmness of the connection. This structure can withstand greater sliding force and lateral pressure on medium to high slopes, significantly improving the overall rigidity and anti-slip capability of the formwork system, ensuring the stability and safety of the construction process.

[0063] Example 3 refer to Figure 13 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that, in view of the characteristics of the extremely steep roof concrete a with extremely large sliding energy and extremely high requirements for the rigidity and sealing of the formwork system, this embodiment optimizes the structure of the pre-embedded anti-spiral sleeve 600.

[0064] Based on the enhanced structure of Example 2, this system replaces the welded metal anti-spiral sleeve 600 with a pre-embedded anti-spiral sleeve 600.

[0065] The reverse spiral sleeve 600 is a thin-walled metal sleeve that is initially integrated with the wooden formwork 100 using a grouting method. During installation, the installation positions of the positioning support device 200 are pre-marked on the wooden formwork 100. After applying a layer of cement mortar c, the reverse spiral sleeve 600 is pressed onto the cement mortar. After adjusting the verticality, it is left to stand until the cement mortar solidifies, thus ensuring a firm bond between the reverse spiral sleeve 600 and the wooden formwork 100.

[0066] The main support rod 210 at the bottom of the positioning support device 200 passes through the wooden template 100 and is aligned with the pre-fixed anti-spiral sleeve 600. The bolt 520 is inserted from the bottom of the wooden template 100 and locked into the anti-spiral sleeve 600 to complete the fixing of the water-stop pad 500.

[0067] For extremely steep roofs exceeding 45°, the installation accuracy of conventional welded embedded sleeves is difficult to guarantee, easily leading to leakage problems due to insufficient adhesion of the waterstop pad 500. To address this, this embodiment employs a mortar-mounted embedded reverse spiral sleeve 600 technology, ensuring the installation accuracy of the reverse spiral sleeve 600 and resulting in a tighter fit between the waterstop pad 500 and the wooden formwork 100, thus improving the water-stopping effect. Furthermore, this method eliminates the need for welding sleeves to the waterstop pad 500, simplifying the prefabrication process. The lower cost of the plastic sleeve makes it suitable for large-scale construction.

[0068] With the enhanced Y-shaped positioning support device 200 and the double-layer snap-on anti-deviation device 300, it can meet the construction requirements of ultra-steep roofs of 45°-60°. For extreme working conditions with slopes exceeding 60°, the spacing of the positioning support device 200 can be further increased to improve the overall rigidity of the formwork system.

[0069] Furthermore, the reverse spiral sleeve 600 and the water-stop pad 500 form a single unit, with the water-stop pad 500 and the wooden formwork 100 forming a double water-stopping barrier through grouting and sealant. After the formwork is removed, the reverse spiral sleeve 600 remains permanently embedded in the concrete a, serving directly as a fixing point for subsequent ceiling and pipeline installations. This eliminates the need for subsequent drilling, simplifying the construction process, improving efficiency, and preventing damage to the roof structure and waterproofing layer caused by post-installation, thus eliminating new leakage risks at the source.

[0070] Example 4 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the graded partition structure 900 is made of inflatable air-supported membrane strips (not shown in the figure). The air-supported membrane strips are made of flexible, high-strength PVC material with a hollow internal structure and inflation and deflation ports at both ends. One strip is installed every 1.5m along the roof slope. For extreme conditions with slopes exceeding 60°, the spacing can be further increased. During installation, the uninflated air-supported membrane strips are first laid perpendicular to the slope on the wooden formwork 100, with the upper and lower ends temporarily fixed to the wooden formwork 100 and the floor deck 400, respectively. Then, air is inflated into the air-supported membrane strips through the inflation ports, causing the membrane strips to expand and form a sealed, rigid partition wall, dividing the pouring area into multiple completely independent pouring sections.

[0071] For extremely steep roofs exceeding 45°, the risk of concrete (a) falling is extremely high, and the blocking capacity of wire mesh is insufficient, easily leading to falling due to coarse aggregate penetrating the wire mesh. To address this, this invention uses an inflatable air-supported membrane structure to replace wire mesh as the grading and separating material. The air-supported membrane structure has excellent sealing and adaptability, completely blocking the falling of concrete (a), ensuring uniform distribution of concrete (a) within each section even on extremely steep roofs exceeding 60°.

[0072] After pouring, before the concrete a initially sets, open the vent to release the gas inside the air-supported membrane, allowing the membrane to be extracted or left inside. This structure further expands the applicability of the invention, enabling it to meet the construction needs of ultra-steep roofs.

[0073] Example 5 This embodiment provides a construction method for a steeply sloping roof pouring structure, including the following steps: S1. Lay the bottom wooden formwork 100mm according to the design drawings, and install 700mm square steel keel as the support system for the formwork. Adjust the flatness and slope of the formwork to ensure that the deviation meets the construction specifications. The joints of the formwork should be tight to prevent grout leakage.

[0074] S2. Select the appropriate positioning support device 200 and pre-embedded anti-spiral sleeve 600 implementation method according to different working conditions, fix the positioning support device 200 on the wooden template 100, adjust its verticality, ensure that the water-stop pad 500 is tightly attached to the wooden template 100, and fill the contact gap with sealant.

[0075] S3. Tie the bottom and top reinforcement bars of the roof according to the design drawings, and install 800mm reinforcement protective layer spacers. Strictly control the thickness of the 800mm reinforcement protective layer to meet the specifications. During the tying of the 800mm reinforcement bars, care should be taken to avoid the positioning support device 200, and the installed waterstop pad 500 and sealing structure should not be damaged.

[0076] S4. Lay open-type floor decking 400 and fix it to the upper end of the positioning support device 200 through the corresponding plug-in hook anti-deviation device 300. The splices between floor decking 400 are connected with self-tapping screws to ensure that the splices are firm and form a continuous whole.

[0077] S5. Select the appropriate graded partitioning material and set the density according to the roof slope, and set the graded partitioning structure 900 along the roof slope direction to divide the pouring area into multiple independent pouring sections, ensuring that the graded partitioning structure 900 will not shift during the concrete pouring process.

[0078] S6. A segmented and layered pouring method shall be adopted from bottom to top, pouring each independent pouring segment in sequence. First, pour the bottommost pouring segment. After pouring to the design elevation, before it initially sets, start pouring the next pouring segment, and so on, until the entire roof is poured. During the pouring process, the slump of the concrete should be controlled to avoid the concrete being too thin and causing it to drip.

[0079] S7. Use an immersion vibrator to compact the concrete in each pouring section. Insert the vibrator quickly and withdraw it slowly, ensuring even distribution of vibration points to avoid under-vibration and over-vibration. During vibration, avoid touching the reinforcing bars (800mm), floor slabs (400mm), and graded partition structures (900mm).

[0080] S8. After the concrete strength reaches the design requirement for demolding strength, remove the bottom wooden formwork 100, square steel keel 700, and fixing bolts 520. Use a cutting machine to cut the exposed end of the main support rod 210 at the bottom of the positioning support device 200 that extends out of the concrete bottom surface, and retain the anti-spiral sleeve 600 embedded in the concrete, which can be directly used as the fixing point for subsequent indoor ceiling and pipeline installation without the need for post-drilling.

[0081] In existing segmented pouring construction methods for large-span sloping roofs, the concrete setting process cannot be effectively controlled. Cold joints easily form between upper and lower concrete sections due to the difference in setting time. These cold joints become weak points for roof leakage, resulting in high maintenance costs and unreliable repair results. To address this, this invention utilizes a graded partition structure 900 combined with a bottom-up, layered pouring method to achieve gradient setting control of concrete. The graded partition structure 900 divides the pouring area into multiple independent pouring sections. The bottom-up pouring method ensures that the lower concrete sections set first, and the upper concrete sections are poured before the upper sections begin to set. This allows for a tight bond between the upper and lower concrete sections, forming a continuous, integral structure and completely eliminating the possibility of cold joints.

[0082] Meanwhile, the 400mm floor decking is permanently retained after pouring, serving directly as the outer surface of the roof panel. Together with the internal concrete structure, it forms a composite waterproof roof, achieving integration of structure and waterproofing, and significantly improving the overall waterproofing performance of the roof. In summary, this invention solves the formwork deformation problem in the construction of steep-sloping roofs by constructing a three-in-one rigid formwork system, ensuring the stability and safety of the construction process; it actively controls concrete flow and segregation through graded and zoned active flow control, significantly improving the stability of construction quality; it achieves functional reuse of the 500mm fixed waterstop and subsequent pre-embedded waterstop plate through integrated pre-embedded waterstop, eliminating leakage risks at the source; it completely eliminates the cold joint problem caused by segmented pouring through gradient solidification pouring, achieving integration of structure and waterproofing; and it enhances the versatility and economy of the solution through modularization. The various technical features work together synergistically to systematically solve the existing problems in existing steep-sloping roof construction technologies, significantly improving the construction quality, efficiency, and overall economic benefits of concrete pouring for steep-sloping roofs.

[0083] It should be noted that any reference signs placed between parentheses in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of components or steps not listed in the claims. The word "a" or "an" preceding a component does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such components. The invention can be implemented by means of hardware comprising several different components and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In a unit claim enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, and third, etc., does not indicate any order. These words can be interpreted as names.

[0084] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0085] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0086] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms should not be construed as necessarily referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

Claims

1. A construction structure for pouring concrete for a steeply sloping roof, comprising a wooden formwork (100) and reinforcing bars (800) placed above the wooden formwork (100), characterized in that, Also includes: Several positioning support devices (200) are vertically fixed on the wooden template (100) and their bottoms pass through the wooden template (100). A water-stop pad (500) is welded to the lower part of the positioning support device (200). The water-stop pad (500) is in contact with the upper end face of the wooden template (100). The bottom of the positioning support device (200) is locked and fixed by an adjustable fastening device (220) to pull the water-stop pad (500) and the wooden template (100) tightly together. The floor deck (400) is laid on top of the steel bars (800) and is fixedly connected to the upper ends of several plug-in hook anti-deviation devices (300) and several positioning support devices (200) one by one, so that the floor deck (400), the positioning support devices (200) and the wooden formwork (100) form an integral rigid structure. A graded partition structure (900) is set at intervals along the roof slope direction in the pouring area between the wooden formwork (100) and the floor deck (400) to divide the pouring area into multiple independent pouring sections; An embedded anti-spiral sleeve (600) is provided around the bottom of the water-stop pad (500). The water-stop pad (500) is fixed to the wooden template (100) by bolts (520) inserted through the bottom of the wooden template (100) and locked into the anti-spiral sleeve (600). After the wooden template (100) is removed, the anti-spiral sleeve (600) is used as the installation position for subsequent indoor ceiling construction.

2. The construction structure for a steeply sloped roof as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-deviation device (300) is a plug-in structure, including a plug sleeve (320) fixed to the bottom of the floor deck (400) and a plug connector (330) fixed to the upper end of the positioning support device (200). The plug sleeve (320) is provided with a plug groove that is interference fit with the plug connector (330).

3. The construction structure for pouring concrete for a steeply sloping roof according to claim 2, characterized in that: The insertion slot extends along the roof slope and its opening is located on its side wall facing downwards along the roof slope.

4. The construction structure for pouring concrete for a steeply sloping roof according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connector (330) is a square plug (310), and the plug groove is a rectangular slot (321) adapted to the shape of the square plug (310).

5. The construction structure for pouring concrete for a steeply sloping roof according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connector (330) includes a base (340) and a double-layer plug-in structure (350) located on the upper end of the base (340). The double-layer plug-in structure (350) includes a rectangular support block (360) located on the inner side and a deformable double claw structure (370) located on the outer side. The plug-in slot is correspondingly divided to form a rectangular slot (321) and a connecting slot (322) that respectively cooperate with the rectangular support block (360) and the double claw structure (370). The connecting slot (322) is provided with a locking block (323) that engages with the double claw structure (370). There is a gap between the rectangular support block (360) and the double claw structure (370). There is a partition strip (326) between the rectangular slot (321) and the connecting slot (322) that is interference-fitted with the gap.

6. The construction structure for pouring concrete for a steeply sloping roof according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dual claw structure (370) includes independent claw units (371) located on both sides of the base (340) in the width direction. The two claw units (371) form a deformation space on the side that is close to each other and are symmetrically provided with buckle grooves (372) on the side that is far away from each other. The locking block (323) is engaged with the buckle groove (372). The top of the card block (323) near the inner side of the connecting slot (322) forms a flat abutting surface (324), and an arc-shaped transition surface (325) is formed relative to the bottom of the abutting surface (324). The claw unit (371) near the side of the card block (323) forms an arc-shaped mating surface that extends along its end to the edge of the base (340). The buckle groove (372) is provided on the extension path of the arc-shaped mating surface.

7. The construction structure for casting a steep roof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning support device (200) includes a main support rod (210) and two connecting rods (240) integrally disposed on the top of the main support rod (210). The two connecting rods (240) form a Y-shaped connection with the main support rod (210), and the two connecting rods (240) are distributed up and down along the roof slope direction. Two anti-deviation devices (300) that cooperate with the positioning support device (200) are provided and distributed up and down along the roof slope direction.

8. The construction structure for pouring concrete for a steeply sloping roof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-stop pad (500) has a welding hole (510) in the middle, and the bottom of the positioning support device (200) passes through the welding hole (510) and is fully welded. The anti-spiral sleeve (600) is a metal sleeve and is welded and fixed around the water-stop pad (500). The bolt (520) passes through the bottom of the wooden template (100) and is locked into the anti-spiral sleeve (600). Alternatively, the anti-spiral sleeve (600) may be a plastic sleeve or a metal sleeve, and may be integrally formed with the wooden template (100) in advance by means of a grouting method.

9. The construction structure for a steeply sloped roof as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The density of the hierarchical partition structure (900) is positively correlated with the roof slope: For slopes of 15°-30°, a new slope is placed every 3m; for slopes of 30°-45°, a new slope is placed every 2m; and for slopes of 45°-60°, a new slope is placed every 1.5m. The graded partition structure (900) is a wire mesh or an air film strip.

10. A construction method for a steep-slope roof casting construction structure as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Lay the bottom wooden formwork (100), install the square steel keel (700) and concrete pads, and adjust the flatness and slope of the formwork; S2. Apply cement mortar to the inside of the waterstop panel, and place the welded waterstop pad (500) and positioning support device (200) through the designated position of the wooden formwork (100) using the grouting method. Fix the waterstop pad (500) on the wooden formwork (100) using the pre-embedded anti-spiral sleeve (600) and bolts (520), and fill the surrounding area with sealant. Install an adjustable fastening device (220) at the bottom of the positioning support device (200) through the wooden formwork (100) or the wooden formwork (100) and square steel keel (700) and adjust the verticality. S3. Tie the roof reinforcement (800), and ensure that the thickness of the concrete cover of the reinforcement (800) meets the specifications; S4. Lay open-type floor decking (400) and fix it to the upper end of positioning support device (200) through plug-in hook anti-deviation device (300); S5. Set up a graded partition structure (900) along the roof slope to form multiple independent pouring sections, and adjust the density according to the slope. S6. Adopt a segmented and layered pouring method from bottom to top, and pour each independent pouring segment in sequence; S7. Use an immersion vibrator to compact the material, and cover and cure it according to the specifications. S8. After the concrete strength reaches the standard, remove the bottom formwork and bolts (520), cut the exposed end of the positioning support device (200), and retain the pre-embedded anti-spiral sleeve (600).

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