A method and apparatus for atomic terahertz spectroscopy detection of directly encoded waveforms

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of terahertz spectrum detection, in particular to a kind of directly encoded waveform's atomic terahertz spectrum detection method and device, the detection method uses " direct modulation coding + algorithm reconstruction", the bandwidth of the terahertz frequency domain spectrum obtained overcomes the narrow bandwidth defect of atomic detection, the frequency coverage range of its spectrum is determined by the bandwidth of terahertz modulator, is not limited by the intrinsic narrow bandwidth of atomic detector, realizes the terahertz spectrum fast and efficient detection of more than GHZ bandwidth, can be applied to gas component detection, substance concentration analysis, nondestructive testing and other fields, has good application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of terahertz spectroscopy detection technology, and in particular to an atomic terahertz spectroscopy detection method and apparatus for directly encoding waveforms. Background Technology

[0002] Terahertz waves contain unique rotational and vibrational absorption lines of many gas molecules (such as CO, NH3, H2S, and volatile organic compounds VOCs), which are like "molecular fingerprints". Terahertz waves have the characteristics of wide spectrum, low energy and strong penetration, which makes terahertz spectroscopy technology have broad application prospects in gas detection, substance composition detection, concentration analysis and non-destructive testing.

[0003] Heterodyne detection based on Rydberg atoms is an emerging quantum sensing technology. Rydberg atoms exhibit high sensitivity to terahertz electric fields, allowing terahertz signals to be converted to optical frequencies for measurement. Atomic terahertz spectroscopy detection technology, based on the Rydberg atom system, possesses extremely high sensitivity (~nV / cm / √Hz) approaching the quantum limit and extremely narrow intrinsic detection bandwidth (on the order of ~MHz), making it particularly suitable for detecting weak, single-frequency terahertz signals and thus a research hotspot in the field of terahertz detection.

[0004] However, in traditional atomic terahertz detection technology, the intrinsic bandwidth of Rydberg atoms is extremely narrow. If the traditional frequency-by-frequency scanning method is used to detect broadband spectra, there are problems such as slow detection speed, poor system stability, and large noise interference, which greatly limits the application of broadband scanning in the detection and analysis of objects in atomic terahertz detection technology. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a terahertz spectral detection method that can overcome the bandwidth limitation of atomic detectors and achieve fast and efficient detection of broadband terahertz spectra without sacrificing the high sensitivity advantage of atomic heterodyne. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an atomic terahertz spectral detection method and device that directly encodes waveforms to address the above problems. By combining direct encoding of terahertz waves with Rydberg atomic mixing technology, a broadband terahertz spectrum can be reconstructed, thereby improving the sensitivity and efficiency of terahertz spectral detection.

[0006] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an atomic terahertz spectral detection method for directly encoding waveforms, comprising: S10, Amplitude / phase modulation of the terahertz wave is performed according to the preset coding sequence, and the preset coding sequence is loaded onto the amplitude / phase of the terahertz wave in a time coding or spatial coding manner to generate a terahertz wave with a coding sequence. S20, acquire the terahertz wave with the coded sequence, and make the terahertz wave with the coded sequence interact with the sample to be tested to obtain a coded terahertz wave carrying sample information. S30, the encoded terahertz wave carrying sample information is combined with the terahertz local oscillator signal, and the combined signal is mixed with the atoms using the quantum effect of atoms to generate an optical signal carrying waveform encoding and sample information, and the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal. S40, according to the preset decoding algorithm, the electrical signal is analyzed and reconstructed based on the prior information of the preset encoding sequence to obtain the broadband terahertz spectrum of the sample to be tested.

[0007] Furthermore, S40 includes: S401, Receive the converted electrical signal and preprocess the electrical signal to obtain the coded integral detection signal; S402, Obtain prior information of a preset encoding sequence; wherein, the prior information includes the type, length, and encoding matrix of the preset encoding sequence; S403, invoke the preset decoding algorithm, perform inverse transformation on the encoding matrix based on the prior information of the preset encoding sequence, and reconstruct the broadband terahertz spectrum of the sample to be tested.

[0008] Furthermore, in S403, when the preset decoding algorithm is called for reconstruction, the inverse transformation formula for the encoding matrix is ​​as follows: Where S is the spectral vector of the sample in the terahertz frequency domain, Y is the signal vector of the encoded integral detection signal, and C is the prior information of the preset encoded sequence. -1 It is the inverse matrix of the preset encoding sequence.

[0009] Furthermore, the preset encoding sequence is either Hadamard encoding or random encoding.

[0010] In one embodiment, the present invention also provides an atomic terahertz spectral detection device for directly encoding waveforms, used to implement the detection method provided in the above embodiments, comprising: a directly encoded terahertz modulation source, a sample stage, an atomic terahertz spectrum detection module, and a spectrum data analysis module; wherein, the directly encoded terahertz modulation source is used to modulate the amplitude / phase of a terahertz wave according to a preset encoding sequence, loading the preset encoding sequence onto the amplitude / phase of the terahertz wave to generate and output a terahertz wave with an encoded sequence; the sample stage is used to place the sample to be tested, and the encoded terahertz wave interacts with the sample to obtain an encoded terahertz wave carrying sample information; the atomic terahertz spectrum detection module is used to combine the encoded terahertz wave carrying sample information with a terahertz local oscillator signal, and use the quantum effect of atoms to mix the combined signal with atoms to generate an optical signal carrying waveform encoding and sample information, and finally convert the optical signal into an electrical signal through a photodetector; the spectrum data analysis module is used to analyze and reconstruct the electrical signal to obtain the broadband terahertz spectrum of the sample to be tested.

[0011] Furthermore, the direct-coded terahertz modulation source includes a terahertz solid-state source and a terahertz direct modulator; wherein, the terahertz solid-state source outputs a continuous terahertz wave, and the terahertz direct modulator receives the terahertz wave output by the terahertz solid-state source and performs real-time amplitude / phase modulation on the terahertz wave according to a preset coding sequence, thereby loading the preset coding sequence onto the terahertz wave to form the terahertz wave with the coding sequence.

[0012] Furthermore, the direct-coded terahertz modulation source also includes a coding drive circuit; the coding drive circuit is used to generate the preset coding sequence and convert the preset coding sequence into a control signal applied to the terahertz direct modulator, so that the terahertz direct modulator adjusts the amplitude / phase of the terahertz wave in real time according to the preset coding sequence to form the terahertz wave with the coding sequence.

[0013] Furthermore, the atomic terahertz spectrum detection module includes a terahertz local oscillator generating unit, a beam combiner, an atomic terahertz mixer, and a photodetector; wherein, the terahertz local oscillator generating unit outputs a continuous terahertz local oscillator signal; the beam combiner receives the terahertz local oscillator signal and the coded terahertz wave carrying sample information, and spatially combines the terahertz local oscillator signal and the coded terahertz wave carrying sample information to obtain a combined terahertz composite signal; the atomic terahertz mixer mixes the combined terahertz composite signal with Rydberg atoms to convert the coded terahertz wave carrying the sample signal into an optical signal carrying waveform encoding and sample information; the photodetector converts the converted optical signal carrying waveform encoding and sample information into an electrical signal.

[0014] Furthermore, the atomic terahertz mixer has an internal atomic gas chamber filled with atoms. The combined terahertz signal is mixed with the atoms in the atomic gas chamber to obtain an optical signal carrying sample information.

[0015] Furthermore, the spectrum data analysis module includes a lock-in amplifier and data acquisition unit and a spectrum analyzer; wherein, the lock-in amplifier and data acquisition unit is used to receive the converted electrical signal and preprocess the electrical signal to obtain an coded integral detection signal; the spectrum analyzer uses a preset decoding algorithm to perform an inverse transformation on the encoding matrix of the preset encoding sequence based on the prior information of the preset encoding sequence, and reconstructs the broadband terahertz spectrum of the sample to be tested.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical advantages: The atomic terahertz spectral detection method and apparatus for directly encoded waveforms provided by this invention overcomes the narrow bandwidth limitation of atomic detection by employing "direct modulation encoding + algorithm reconstruction." The frequency coverage of the spectrum is determined by the bandwidth of the terahertz modulator, unaffected by the inherent narrow bandwidth of the atomic detector. This achieves rapid and efficient detection of terahertz spectra with bandwidths exceeding GHz, and can be applied to multiple fields such as gas composition detection, substance concentration analysis, and non-destructive testing, demonstrating significant application value. The detection apparatus achieves high-depth amplitude modulation and wide-range phase modulation through a direct terahertz modulator without interfering with the stability of the terahertz solid-state source, effectively suppressing noise and improving the quality of the encoded terahertz wave. Combined with terahertz local oscillator and atomic mixing technology, it significantly enhances the detection capability of weak terahertz signals, further ensuring detection accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are not drawn to a 1:1 scale, and the relative dimensions of the various components are shown in the drawings only as examples and not necessarily to actual scale.

[0020] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an atomic terahertz spectroscopy detection device for directly encoding waveforms according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of an atomic terahertz spectroscopy detection method for directly encoding waveforms, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: Ⅰ-Direct encoding terahertz modulation source, Ⅱ-Sample stage, Ⅲ-Atomic terahertz spectrum detection module, Ⅳ-Spectrum data analysis module; 1-Terahertz solid-state source, 2-Terahertz direct modulator, 3-Sample and sample stage, 4-Atomic terahertz mixer, 5-Photodetector, 6-Phase-locked amplifier and data acquisition unit, 7-Terahertz frequency domain spectrometer. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0023] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an atomic terahertz spectral detection device for directly encoded waveforms according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, comprising: a direct encoded terahertz modulation source I, a sample stage II, an atomic terahertz spectrum detection module III, and a spectrum data analysis module IV; wherein, the direct encoded terahertz modulation source I is used to modulate the amplitude / phase of a terahertz wave according to a preset encoding sequence, loading the preset encoding sequence onto the terahertz wave to generate and output a terahertz wave with an encoded sequence; the sample stage II is used to place the sample to be tested, and the encoded terahertz wave interacts with the sample to obtain an encoded terahertz wave carrying sample information; the atomic terahertz spectrum detection module III is used to combine the encoded terahertz wave carrying sample information with a terahertz local oscillator signal, and simultaneously use the quantum effect of atoms to mix the combined signal with atoms to generate an optical signal carrying waveform encoding and sample information, and finally convert the optical signal into an electrical signal through a photodetector; the spectrum data analysis module IV is used to analyze and reconstruct the electrical signal to obtain the broadband terahertz spectrum of the sample to be tested.

[0024] Furthermore, the direct-coded terahertz modulation source I includes a terahertz solid-state source 1 and a terahertz direct modulator 2. The terahertz solid-state source 1 outputs a continuous terahertz wave, and the terahertz direct modulator 2 receives the terahertz wave output by the terahertz solid-state source 1 and performs real-time amplitude / phase modulation on the terahertz wave according to a preset coding sequence, thereby loading the preset coding sequence onto the terahertz wave to form the coded terahertz wave.

[0025] Specifically, the direct-coded terahertz modulation source I further includes a coding drive circuit (not shown in the figure). The coding drive circuit is used to generate the preset coding sequence and convert the preset coding sequence into a control signal applied to the terahertz direct modulator 2, so that the terahertz direct modulator 2 adjusts the amplitude / phase of the terahertz wave in real time according to the preset coding sequence to form the coded terahertz wave. Optionally, the preset coding sequence can be a Hadamard code, random coding, or other different coding sequences; this embodiment does not limit this.

[0026] Understandably, the terahertz direct modulator 2 operates in the terahertz frequency band and can rapidly change the amplitude / phase of the terahertz wave. Its type can be a terahertz active metasurface modulator, a terahertz optically controlled modulator, a terahertz MEMS modulator, a terahertz electro-optic modulator, etc. The terahertz solid-state source 1 can output a terahertz wave with constant amplitude or constant phase. When the terahertz solid-state source 1 can output a terahertz wave with constant amplitude, the encoding drive circuit converts the output Hadamard code, random code, or other preset encoding sequences into a control voltage applied to the terahertz direct modulator 2. The terahertz direct modulator 2 changes the transmission / reflection intensity of the terahertz wave according to the converted control voltage, causing the intensity of the terahertz wave to change rapidly with the encoding sequence, forming an amplitude-coded terahertz wave with an amplitude modulation depth ≥93%. When the terahertz solid-state source 1 can output a constant-phase terahertz wave, the encoding drive circuit converts the output Hadamard code, random code, and other preset encoding sequences into control signals and applies them to the terahertz direct modulator 2. The terahertz direct modulator 2 changes the phase of the terahertz wave through the control signals, forming a phase-coded terahertz wave; its phase modulation range is ≥40°. It can be understood that the amplitude of the amplitude-coded terahertz wave and the phase of the phase-coded terahertz wave formed are dynamically changed in real time according to the encoding rules of the preset encoding sequence. Specifically, the encoding drive circuit can convert the preset encoding sequence into control signals through a time-coded / spatial-coded arrangement and apply them to the terahertz direct modulator, so that the amplitude or phase of the terahertz wave dynamically changes synchronously with the encoding sequence according to the encoding rules, ultimately forming a coded terahertz wave.

[0027] Furthermore, the sample stage II is used to place the sample to be tested, and the coded terahertz wave is incident on the sample to be tested on the sample stage II and interacts with the sample to be tested, thereby forming a coded terahertz wave carrying the absorption or transmission information of the sample to be tested.

[0028] Furthermore, the atomic terahertz spectrum detection module III includes a terahertz local oscillator generation unit (not shown in the figure), a beam combiner (not shown in the figure), an atomic terahertz mixer 4, and a photodetector 5; wherein, it can be understood that the atomic terahertz spectrum detection module III is a heterodyne detection structure based on Rydberg atoms; the terahertz local oscillator generation unit outputs a continuous terahertz local oscillator signal; the beam combiner receives the terahertz local oscillator signal and the coded terahertz signal carrying sample information, and spatially combines the terahertz local oscillator signal and the coded terahertz signal carrying sample information to obtain a combined terahertz composite signal; the atomic terahertz mixer 4 mixes the combined terahertz composite signal with Rydberg atoms to convert the coded terahertz wave carrying the sample signal into an optical signal carrying the sample signal; the photodetector 5 converts the converted optical signal carrying the sample signal into an electrical signal.

[0029] Specifically, the terahertz local oscillator field generating unit outputs a continuous terahertz local oscillator signal with stable frequency and controllable amplitude. The continuous terahertz local oscillator signal is then used to perform atomic heterodyne mixing with the coded terahertz signal carrying sample information to improve detection sensitivity and frequency resolution. The coded terahertz signal carrying sample information and the aforementioned continuous terahertz local oscillator signal are coaxially combined by a beam combiner to achieve spatial beam combining, thereby ensuring that the two terahertz fields are coaxial, in the same direction, and simultaneously incident on the atomic terahertz mixer 4.

[0030] Furthermore, the atomic terahertz mixer 4 incorporates an atomic gas chamber filled with atoms such as rubidium / cesium. The combined terahertz composite signal is mixed with the atoms within the atomic gas chamber to obtain a low-frequency optical signal carrying sample information. Specifically, the terahertz composite signal and the atoms within the atomic gas chamber achieve atomic mixing in the terahertz band through Rydberg-state electromagnetically induced transparency / Autler-Townes splitting interaction, converting the sample spectral information carried in the high-frequency coded terahertz signal into a low-frequency optical signal, thus completing the quantum conversion between the terahertz wave and the optical signal. The low-frequency optical detection signal carrying sample information emitted from the atomic gas chamber is received by the photodetector 5 and converted into an electrical signal.

[0031] Furthermore, the spectrum data analysis module IV includes a lock-in amplifier and data acquisition unit 6 and a spectrum analyzer 7. The lock-in amplifier and data acquisition unit 6 is used to receive the converted electrical signal and preprocess the electrical signal to obtain an coded integral detection signal. The spectrum analyzer 7 uses a preset decoding algorithm to perform an inverse transformation on the encoding matrix of the preset encoding sequence based on the prior information of the preset encoding sequence, and reconstructs the broadband terahertz spectrum of the sample under test.

[0032] Specifically, the lock-in amplifier and data acquisition unit 6 receives the electrical signal output from the photodetector 5 after conversion, and preprocesses the received electrical signal using the coded modulation clock as a reference signal to obtain a coded integral detection signal. For example, it can perform coherent demodulation, narrowband filtering, and amplification on the electrical signal to suppress noise and extract effective signals related to the preset coded sequence. Further, the lock-in amplifier and data acquisition unit 6 performs analog-to-digital conversion on the amplified signal, converting the analog signal into a digital signal (i.e., the coded integral detection signal), and sends it to the spectrum analyzer 7. The spectrum analyzer 7 pre-stores prior information (coded moments) of the preset coded sequence. The encoding matrix (including the encoding type of the preset encoding sequence (e.g., Hadamard encoding, random encoding, etc.), the length, timing, and encoding matrix of the preset encoding sequence, etc.) is further invoked using a preset decoding algorithm (e.g., inverse Hadamard transform algorithm, least squares decoding algorithm, compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm, matched filter decoding algorithm, etc.). Based on the prior information of the encoding matrix, the inverse matrix / pseudo-inverse matrix of the encoding matrix of the preset encoding sequence is solved using the preprocessed encoded integral probe signal, thereby reconstructing the broadband terahertz frequency domain spectrum of the sample to be tested. Finally, the composition and concentration parameters of the sample to be tested can be analyzed based on the position and intensity of the characteristic peaks in the reconstructed spectrum. Therefore, it can be understood that the spectral bandwidth of the sample to be tested obtained by this reconstruction is determined by the operating bandwidth of the terahertz direct modulator and is not limited by the narrow bandwidth of the atomic detector.

[0033] When the spectral analyzer 7 calls the preset decoding algorithm for reconstruction, it performs an inverse transform on the encoded integral detection signal based on the prior information of the preset encoded sequence to reconstruct the original spectrum. The calculation formula is as follows: Where S is the spectral vector of the sample in the terahertz frequency domain, Y is the signal vector of the encoded integral detection signal, and C is the prior information of the preset encoded sequence. -1 It is the inverse matrix of the preset encoding sequence.

[0034] See Figure 2 , Figure 2 This diagram illustrates a flowchart of an atomic terahertz spectroscopy detection method for directly encoding waveforms according to an embodiment of the present invention, including: S10, Amplitude / phase modulation of the terahertz wave is performed according to the preset coding sequence, and the preset coding sequence is loaded onto the amplitude / phase of the terahertz wave in a time coding or spatial coding manner to generate a terahertz wave with a coding sequence. S20, acquire the terahertz wave with the coded sequence, and make the terahertz wave with the coded sequence interact with the sample to be tested to obtain a coded terahertz wave carrying sample information. S30, the encoded terahertz wave carrying sample information is combined with the terahertz local oscillator signal, and the combined signal is mixed with the atoms using the quantum effect of atoms to generate an optical signal carrying waveform encoding and sample information, and the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal. S40, according to the preset decoding algorithm, the electrical signal is analyzed and reconstructed based on the prior information of the preset encoding sequence to obtain the broadband terahertz spectrum of the sample to be tested.

[0035] Furthermore, in this embodiment, step S4 specifically includes: S41, Receive the converted electrical signal and preprocess the electrical signal to obtain the coded integral detection signal; S42, Obtain prior information of a preset encoding sequence; wherein, the prior information includes the type, length, and encoding matrix of the preset encoding sequence; S43, invoke the preset decoding algorithm, perform inverse transformation on the encoding matrix based on the prior information of the preset encoding sequence, and reconstruct the broadband terahertz spectrum of the sample to be tested.

[0036] Furthermore, in this embodiment, during step S43, when calling the preset decoding algorithm for reconstruction, the inverse transformation formula for the encoding matrix is ​​as follows: Where S is the spectral vector of the sample in the terahertz frequency domain, Y is the signal vector of the encoded integral detection signal, and C is the prior information of the preset encoded sequence. -1 It is the inverse matrix of the preset encoding sequence.

[0037] The atomic terahertz spectral detection method and apparatus for directly encoded waveforms provided by this invention achieves high-depth amplitude modulation and wide-range phase modulation through a direct terahertz modulator without interfering with the stability of the terahertz solid-state source, effectively suppressing noise and improving the quality of the encoded terahertz wave. Combining the terahertz local oscillator field with atomic mixing technology significantly enhances the detection capability of weak terahertz signals, further ensuring detection accuracy. Employing "direct modulation encoding + algorithm reconstruction," the bandwidth of the obtained terahertz frequency domain spectrum overcomes the narrow bandwidth limitation of atomic detection. The frequency coverage of its spectrum is determined by the bandwidth of the terahertz modulator, unaffected by the inherent narrow bandwidth limitation of the atomic detector. This achieves rapid and efficient detection of terahertz spectra with bandwidths above GHz, and can be applied to multiple fields such as gas composition detection, substance concentration analysis, and non-destructive testing, demonstrating significant application value.

[0038] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0039] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for detecting atomic terahertz spectroscopic waveforms by direct encoding, characterized in that, include: S10, Amplitude / phase modulation of the terahertz wave is performed according to the preset coding sequence, and the preset coding sequence is loaded onto the amplitude / phase of the terahertz wave in a time coding or spatial coding manner to generate a terahertz wave with a coding sequence. S20, acquire the terahertz wave with the coded sequence, and make the terahertz wave with the coded sequence interact with the sample to be tested to obtain a coded terahertz wave carrying sample information. S30, the encoded terahertz wave carrying sample information is combined with the terahertz local oscillator signal, and the combined signal is mixed with the atoms using the quantum effect of atoms to generate an optical signal carrying waveform encoding and sample information, and the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal. S40, according to the preset decoding algorithm, the electrical signal is analyzed and reconstructed based on the prior information of the preset encoding sequence to obtain the broadband terahertz spectrum of the sample under test.

2. The atomic terahertz spectroscopy detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, S40 includes: S401, Receive the converted electrical signal and preprocess the electrical signal to obtain the coded integral detection signal; S402, Obtain prior information of a preset encoding sequence; wherein, the prior information includes the type, length, and encoding matrix of the preset encoding sequence; S403, invoke the preset decoding algorithm, perform inverse transformation on the encoding matrix based on the prior information of the preset encoding sequence, and reconstruct the broadband terahertz spectrum of the sample to be tested.

3. The atomic terahertz spectroscopy detection method according to claim 2, characterized in that, in, In S403, when the preset decoding algorithm is called for reconstruction, the inverse transformation formula of the encoding matrix is ​​as follows: Where S is the spectral vector of the sample in the terahertz frequency domain, Y is the signal vector of the encoded integral detection signal, and C is the prior information of the preset encoded sequence. -1 It is the inverse matrix of the preset encoding sequence.

4. The atomic terahertz spectroscopy detection method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, In S10, the preset encoding sequence is either Hadamard encoding or random encoding.

5. An atomic terahertz spectroscopy detection device for directly encoding waveforms, used to implement the detection method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, include: The system comprises a direct-encoded terahertz modulation source, a sample stage, an atomic terahertz spectrum detection module, and a spectrum data analysis module. The direct-encoded terahertz modulation source modulates the amplitude / phase of a terahertz wave according to a preset encoding sequence, loading the preset encoding sequence onto the amplitude / phase of the terahertz wave to generate and output a terahertz wave with the encoded sequence. The sample stage holds the sample to be tested, and the coded terahertz wave interacts with the sample to obtain a coded terahertz wave carrying sample information. The atomic terahertz spectrum detection module combines the coded terahertz wave carrying sample information with a terahertz local oscillator signal, and uses the quantum effect of atoms to mix the combined signal with atoms, generating an optical signal carrying waveform encoding and sample information. This optical signal is then converted into an electrical signal by a photodetector. The spectrum data analysis module analyzes and reconstructs the electrical signal to obtain the broadband terahertz spectrum of the sample to be tested.

6. The direct-encoded atomic terahertz spectroscopy detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The direct-coded terahertz modulation source includes a terahertz solid-state source and a terahertz direct modulator; wherein, the terahertz solid-state source outputs a continuous terahertz wave, and the terahertz direct modulator receives the terahertz wave output by the terahertz solid-state source and performs real-time amplitude / phase modulation on the terahertz wave according to a preset coding sequence, and loads the preset coding sequence onto the terahertz wave to form the terahertz wave with the coding sequence.

7. The atomic terahertz spectroscopy detection device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The direct-coded terahertz modulation source further includes a coding drive circuit; the coding drive circuit is used to generate the preset coding sequence and convert the preset coding sequence into a control signal applied to the terahertz direct modulator, so that the terahertz direct modulator adjusts the amplitude / phase of the terahertz wave in real time according to the preset coding sequence to form the terahertz wave with the coding sequence.

8. The atomic terahertz spectroscopy detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The atomic terahertz spectrum detection module includes a terahertz local oscillator generation unit, a beam combiner, an atomic terahertz mixer, and a photodetector. The terahertz local oscillator generation unit outputs a continuous terahertz local oscillator signal. The beam combiner receives the terahertz local oscillator signal and an coded terahertz wave carrying sample information, and spatially combines them to obtain a combined terahertz composite signal. The atomic terahertz mixer mixes the combined terahertz composite signal with Rydberg atoms, converting the coded terahertz wave carrying the sample signal into an optical signal carrying waveform encoding and sample information. The photodetector converts the converted optical signal carrying waveform encoding and sample information into an electrical signal.

9. The atomic terahertz spectroscopy detection device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The atomic terahertz mixer has an internal atomic gas chamber filled with atoms. The combined terahertz signal is mixed with the atoms in the atomic gas chamber to obtain an optical signal carrying waveform encoding and sample information.

10. The atomic terahertz spectroscopy detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The spectrum data analysis module includes a lock-in amplifier and data acquisition unit and a spectrum analyzer; wherein, the lock-in amplifier and data acquisition unit is used to receive the converted electrical signal and preprocess the electrical signal to obtain an coded integral detection signal; the spectrum analyzer uses a preset decoding algorithm to perform an inverse transformation on the encoding matrix of the preset encoding sequence based on the prior information of the preset encoding sequence, and reconstructs the broadband terahertz spectrum of the sample to be tested.

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