A high-yield water-saving cultivation method for cotton in arid regions

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of cotton cultivation and water-saving irrigation management, in particular to a kind of cultivation method of high yield water-saving of cotton in arid region, comprising the following steps: step one, land preparation and planting: the land for planting is directly sowed and planted, and drip irrigation belt is laid along the planting row and covered with mulch, and after sowing on the mulch, it is covered with soil, so that mulching, laying drip irrigation belt, punching, sowing and covering soil are completed at one time.The present application obtains different soil layer moisture regime, cotton plant growth and future 72h weather information through information collection, and forms root zone effective water supply value, surface layer wetness difference and group balance state through state generation, and then based on the above state, it carries out controlled irrigation from seedling stage to present budding stage, compensatory irrigation and water-fertilizer linkage from initial flowering to full boll stage, and withdrawal control after boll opening, so as to solve the problem that in the process of cotton cultivation in arid region, irrigation trigger basis is single, early stage is prone to misirrigation, middle stage is prone to excessive growth and boll shedding, and timing of withdrawal in later stage is not accurate, which leads to difficult to balance water-saving effect and yield level.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cotton cultivation and water-saving irrigation management technology, specifically to a method for high-yield and water-saving cotton cultivation in arid regions. Background Technology

[0002] Cotton is an important economic crop in arid regions. Current high-yield cotton cultivation in these areas typically involves several steps, including land preparation, direct seeding, mulching, laying drip irrigation tape along the planting rows, timely sowing, inter-row cultivation to conserve soil moisture, staged drip irrigation, topdressing with irrigation water, and late-stage defoliation and harvesting. Under drip irrigation under mulch, field management is usually organized and implemented according to predetermined growth stages, irrigation frequency and amount, and fertilization timing, supplemented by soil moisture observation for adjustments, to balance seedling establishment, growth, boll formation, and harvesting.

[0003] According to the review in "Effects of deficit irrigation on cotton growth and water use efficiency: A review" (Yang et al., 2021), cotton water regulation significantly alters the allocation between vegetative and reproductive growth. Moderate deficit irrigation can promote the transformation of cotton plants from vegetative to reproductive growth, reduce plant height, leaf area, and total biomass, and increase harvest index and water use efficiency. Furthermore, according to the research in "Optimizing irrigation strategies to improve the soil microenvironment and enhance cotton water productivity under deep drip irrigation" (Li et al., 2024), the timing of the first irrigation, irrigation frequency, and single irrigation quota significantly affect the soil hydrothermal and saline environment, cotton plant organ water content, boll biomass, and boll water productivity. Delaying the first irrigation and optimizing the irrigation frequency can reduce water consumption while increasing boll biomass and water productivity.

[0004] Therefore, the fundamental deficiency in existing cotton cultivation management in arid regions lies in the lack of a unified and continuous judgment mechanism regarding water requirements at different growth stages, the effectiveness of root zone water supply, surface water retention disturbances, and population growth balance. This leads to irrigation regulation relying heavily on single indicators or experience-based control, making it difficult to achieve precise switching between water control during the seedling and budding stage, boll protection and yield increase during the mid-stage, and late-stage ripening and withdrawal. This not only easily results in a single irrigation trigger, leading to accidental irrigation in the early stages and excessive vegetative growth and boll shedding in the mid-stage, but also makes it difficult to accurately grasp the timing of water reduction and cessation in the late stages, ultimately resulting in a difficulty in achieving both water-saving effects and yield levels. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a high-yield and water-saving cotton cultivation method for arid regions to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a method for high-yield and water-saving cotton cultivation in arid regions. This method involves acquiring information on soil moisture levels, cotton plant growth, and weather conditions for the next 72 hours. It then generates data on effective root zone water supply, surface moisture difference, and plant balance. Based on these data, controlled irrigation is implemented from the seedling stage to the budding stage; compensatory irrigation and water-fertilizer linkage are carried out from the initial flowering stage to the full boll opening stage; and control irrigation is implemented after boll opening. This method solves the problems in cotton cultivation in arid regions where water-saving effects and yield levels are difficult to achieve simultaneously due to a single irrigation trigger, easy mis-irrigation in the early stages, excessive growth and boll shedding in the middle stages, and inaccurate timing of control irrigation in the later stages.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A method for high-yield and water-saving cotton cultivation in arid areas, comprising the following steps: Step 1, land preparation and planting: The planting field is prepared and leveled, drip irrigation tape is laid along the planting rows and covered with mulch film, holes are punched in the mulch film for sowing, and then soil is covered. This process of laying mulch film, drip irrigation tape, punching holes, sowing, and covering with soil is completed in one go.

[0007] Step 2, Information Collection: Collect soil moisture at depths of 0-20cm, 20-40cm, and 40-60cm, cotton plant height increments, fruit branch increments, bud and boll increments, and weather information for the next 72 hours using cultivation vehicles according to the management cycle.

[0008] Step 3, State Generation: Generate the basic water supply value of the root zone based on the soil moisture of the 20-40cm and 40-60cm layers, and correct the basic water supply value of the root zone based on the soil moisture of the 0-20cm layer to obtain the effective water supply value of the root zone; generate the surface water retention difference value based on the soil moisture of the 0-20cm layer and the average soil moisture of the 20-60cm root zone; and generate the population balance state based on the correspondence between the increase in plant height and the increase in fruit branches and the increase in buds and bolls.

[0009] Step 4, controlled irrigation during the seedling and budding stage: From the seedling stage to the budding stage, determine whether to trigger controlled irrigation based on the effective water supply value in the root zone, the surface water retention difference, and the population balance status, and adjust the irrigation time in conjunction with the meteorological information for the next 72 hours.

[0010] Step 5, compensation during the flowering and boll-forming period: Determine the compensation irrigation level based on the effective water supply value of the root zone, the population balance status, and the meteorological information for the next 72 hours during the initial flowering to full boll-forming period.

[0011] Step 6, Water and Fertilizer Coordination: Adjust the topdressing level synchronously with the water and fertilizer materials carried by the cultivation vehicle according to the compensation irrigation level. The topdressing level should at least distinguish between nitrogen fertilizer control and potassium fertilizer compensation.

[0012] Step 7, withdrawal during the boll opening period: After the boll opening, determine whether to enter the final stage of water and fertilizer withdrawal management based on the boll opening rate and the apical growth status, and then implement nitrogen withdrawal, water reduction and irrigation cessation in sequence.

[0013] Step 8, Promote ripening and harvest: After completing the withdrawal management, promote ripening and harvest.

[0014] The technical principles of the above solution are as follows: First, land preparation and establishment create a suitable planting foundation for cotton growth and subsequent drip irrigation management. Then, information collection gathers data on soil moisture at different soil layers, cotton plant growth, and weather forecasts for the next 72 hours, providing input for subsequent management decisions. Next, a state generation process transforms the collected soil and cotton plant growth information into effective root zone water supply values, surface water retention difference values, and population balance, ensuring that soil water supply and cotton plant population growth are integrated into the subsequent management chain.

[0015] From the seedling stage to the budding stage, this plan determines whether to trigger controlled irrigation based on the effective water supply value in the root zone, the surface water retention difference, and the overall plant balance. It also adjusts the irrigation timing based on the weather information for the next 72 hours to control ineffective irrigation and stabilize cotton plant growth in the early stages. From the initial flowering stage to the full boll-forming stage, this plan further determines the level of compensatory irrigation based on the effective water supply value in the root zone, the overall plant balance, and the weather information for the next 72 hours. Then, through water and fertilizer linkage, the level of topdressing is matched with the level of compensatory irrigation, ensuring that water and fertilizer supply in the middle and later stages are synchronously adapted to the cotton plant's growth needs.

[0016] After boll opening, this plan initiates a withdrawal management process based on the boll opening rate and apical growth status, sequentially implementing nitrogen cessation, water reduction, and irrigation cessation. This gradually shifts the cotton plants from a mid-to-late stage of boll preservation and yield increase to a late stage of ripening and harvesting. Through the continuous connection between the above steps, this plan incorporates soil moisture, cotton plant growth, and short-term weather changes into the cultivation management process, achieving water-saving, efficient management, and stable yield and ripening promotion in cotton cultivation in arid areas.

[0017] The above approach has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention can dynamically adjust the water and fertilizer management of cotton at different growth stages in arid areas based on the stratified soil moisture, the growth status of cotton plants, and short-term weather changes, thereby reducing early-stage mis-irrigation and mid-to-late-stage management imbalances and improving the stable yield capacity under water-saving conditions.

[0018] 2. This invention first determines the soil water supply status and cotton plant growth status, and then connects the controlled irrigation during the seedling and budding stage, the compensation during the flowering and boll-forming stage, and the water and fertilizer linkage process accordingly. This makes the regulation of irrigation and topdressing no longer rely on a single experience judgment, which is conducive to improving the pertinence, continuity and stability of the cultivation management process.

[0019] 3. This invention initiates a pullback control based on the boll opening rate and the apical growth status after the boll opening, so that the cotton plant can smoothly transition from the mid-to-late stage of boll preservation and yield increase to the late stage of ripening and harvesting, thereby reducing the risk of late-stage vegetative growth and improving the management controllability of the harvesting stage.

[0020] Furthermore, in step two, the management cycle is 3-7 days. Meteorological information for the next 72 hours is obtained through the meteorological forecasting platform and includes at least the maximum temperature, as well as one of the following: average temperature, effective accumulated temperature, sunshine hours, effective rainfall, or evapotranspiration demand.

[0021] Beneficial effects: By limiting the management cycle to 3-7 days and incorporating meteorological information for the next 72 hours into the judgment basis, it is possible to balance the frequency of field management with the speed of response to meteorological changes, avoiding irrigation delays due to excessively low collection frequency or management cost increases due to excessively high collection frequency, thereby improving the timeliness and feasibility of water-saving management.

[0022] Furthermore, in step three, the basic water supply value of the root zone is the weighted average of the soil moisture in the 20-40cm and 40-60cm soil layers, and the weight of the soil moisture in the 40-60cm soil layer is not less than the weight of the soil moisture in the 20-40cm soil layer; the soil moisture in the 0-20cm soil layer is used as a correction item for the surface water supply of drip irrigation to correct the basic water supply value of the root zone in order to obtain the effective water supply value of the root zone.

[0023] Beneficial effects: By weighting the soil moisture in the 20-40cm and 40-60cm soil layers and increasing the influence of deeper soil moisture, the effective water supply value generated in the root zone can be closer to the actual water absorption state of cotton plant roots, reducing the water supply error caused by judging solely based on shallow soil moisture.

[0024] Furthermore, in step three, the surface moisture difference is the difference between the soil moisture in the 0-20cm layer and the average soil moisture in the 20-40cm and 40-60cm layers.

[0025] Beneficial effects: By introducing the surface moisture difference value, it is possible to distinguish the deviation between short-term surface wetness and actual root zone water supply, avoid misleading the overall irrigation judgment due to local surface moisture changes under drip irrigation under film conditions, and thus improve the reliability of early-stage controlled irrigation and mid-stage compensation decisions.

[0026] Furthermore, in step three, the population balance state is divided into a state of excessive nutrition, a balanced state, and a state of weak reproduction based on the correspondence between the increase in plant height and the increase in fruit branches and buds / bottles.

[0027] Beneficial effects: By classifying cotton plant growth into three states—excessive nutrient growth, balanced growth, and weak reproductive growth—the current growth direction of cotton plants can be incorporated into the criteria for irrigation and fertilization decisions. This avoids excessive growth caused by continued high water and fertilizer levels during the excessive nutrient growth stage, and also avoids insufficient supply during the weak reproductive growth stage, which could negatively impact bud and boll retention.

[0028] Furthermore, in step four, a preset lower limit and a preset heat risk threshold are set. The preset lower limit is the control limit of the effective water supply value in the root zone from the seedling stage to the budding stage. When the effective water supply value in the root zone is higher than the preset lower limit, controlled irrigation is maintained. When the effective water supply value in the root zone is lower than the preset lower limit, small-scale controlled irrigation is triggered. The preset heat risk threshold is the high temperature risk threshold of the highest temperature in the next 72 hours. When the highest temperature in the next 72 hours reaches the preset heat risk threshold, the irrigation time is moved forward by one management cycle.

[0029] Beneficial effects: By setting a lower limit for controlled irrigation during the seedling and budding stage and shifting the irrigation time forward when the risk of short-term heat increases in the future, it is possible to promote the deep growth of roots in the early stage while reducing the risk of short-term water loss of cotton plants under sudden high temperature conditions, thus taking into account both the early seedling hardening effect and the subsequent seedling stabilization needs.

[0030] Furthermore, in step five, the compensation irrigation levels are divided into low compensation, medium compensation, and high compensation. Low compensation corresponds to a root zone relative water content of 60%-70% and a population balance state of slightly excessive nutrition; medium compensation corresponds to a root zone relative water content of 50%-60% and a population balance state of equilibrium; and high compensation corresponds to a root zone relative water content of less than 50% and an increased heat risk in the next 72 hours.

[0031] Beneficial effects: By subdividing the compensation irrigation during the flowering and boll-forming period into low compensation, medium compensation and high compensation, different treatment levels can be corresponding to different degrees of water shortage, different population conditions and different heat risk levels. This can avoid water waste or insufficient boll preservation caused by "one-size-fits-all" irrigation during the flowering and boll-forming period and improve the accuracy of mid-to-late stage management.

[0032] Furthermore, in step six, nitrogen fertilizer input is controlled when compensation is low, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are supplemented simultaneously when compensation is medium, and the potassium fertilizer compensation ratio is increased when compensation is high, without increasing nitrogen fertilizer input in sync with irrigation level.

[0033] Beneficial effects: By matching different levels of compensated irrigation with different topdressing strategies, water compensation and fertilizer compensation can be carried out in a coordinated manner. In particular, it can avoid blindly increasing nitrogen fertilizer during the high-compensation irrigation stage, which may lead to excessive vegetative growth, thus taking into account both boll protection and yield increase as well as the requirements for later ripening.

[0034] Furthermore, in step seven, a preset boll opening rate threshold and a preset growth cessation threshold are set. The boll opening rate is the proportion of the number of bolls that have opened in the sampling area to the total number of bolls in the sampling area. The preset boll opening rate threshold is the threshold for the proportion of bolls that have opened in the sampling area when they enter the late boll opening stage. The apical growth status is determined based on the plant height increment over two consecutive management cycles. The preset growth cessation threshold is the threshold for the plant height increment when the apical growth stops significantly. When the boll opening rate reaches the preset boll opening rate threshold and the plant height increment over two consecutive management cycles is lower than the preset growth cessation threshold, it is determined that the water and fertilizer withdrawal management stage of the boll opening period has begun, and the final water and fertilizer management is completed in the order of stopping nitrogen, reducing water, and stopping irrigation.

[0035] Beneficial effects: By using the boll opening rate and apical growth status as triggering conditions for the final withdrawal, and gradually withdrawing the intensity of early management in the order of stopping nitrogen, reducing water, and stopping irrigation, the risk of yield reduction and late maturity caused by withdrawing too early or too late at the end of the period can be reduced, and the controllability of late-stage ripening and harvesting management can be improved.

[0036] Furthermore, in steps two and six, the cultivation vehicle includes a frame, with wheels rotating at the bottom of the frame, a push handle fixedly connected to the rear side wall of the frame, a support plate fixedly connected to the top of the frame, a tube rack and a water and fertilizer tank fixedly connected to the top of the support plate, and a probe mounting rod fixedly connected to the front side wall of the frame. The probe mounting rod is slidably fitted with a sliding seat, and the sliding seat is detachably connected to a surface probe, a middle probe, and a deep probe.

[0037] Beneficial effects: This cultivation vehicle can provide a stable carrier for field stratified soil moisture collection and cultivation management. The sliding seat facilitates the overall raising, lowering and disassembly of the three probes, improving adaptability to different ground conditions, and is also easy to move, park and reuse in the field. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a step diagram illustrating an embodiment of the high-yield, water-saving cotton cultivation method for arid regions according to the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 This is an external view of the cultivation vehicle for high-yield and water-saving cotton cultivation in arid regions according to the present invention.

[0040] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of the instruction manual include: 1. Frame; 2. Wheels; 3. Push handle; 4. Support plate; 5. Water and fertilizer tank; 6. Tube roll frame; 7. Probe mounting rod; 8. Surface probe; 9. Middle probe; 10. Deep probe; 11. Sliding seat. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0043] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0044] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method: As attached Figure 1 As shown: A method for high-yield and water-saving cotton cultivation in arid areas, comprising the following steps: Step 1, land preparation and planting: The planting field is prepared and leveled, drip irrigation tape is laid along the planting rows and covered with mulch film, holes are punched in the mulch film for sowing, and then soil is covered. This process of laying mulch film, drip irrigation tape, punching holes, sowing, and covering with soil is completed in one go.

[0045] Step 2, Information Collection: Collect soil moisture at depths of 0-20cm, 20-40cm, and 40-60cm, cotton plant height increments, fruit branch increments, bud and boll increments, and weather information for the next 72 hours using cultivation vehicles according to the management cycle.

[0046] In step two, the management cycle is 3-7 days. Meteorological information for the next 72 hours is obtained through the meteorological forecasting platform and includes at least one of the following: maximum temperature, average temperature, effective accumulated temperature, sunshine hours, effective rainfall, or evapotranspiration demand. In this embodiment, effective rainfall is selected.

[0047] In this embodiment, the plant height increment is the difference between the plant height measurements of the same sampled plant in two adjacent management cycles, the fruit branch increment is the increase in the number of fruit branches in two adjacent management cycles, and the bud and boll increment is the increase in the number of buds and bolls in two adjacent management cycles.

[0048] Step 3, State Generation: Generate the basic water supply value of the root zone based on the soil moisture of the 20-40cm and 40-60cm layers, and correct the basic water supply value of the root zone based on the soil moisture of the 0-20cm layer to obtain the effective water supply value of the root zone; generate the surface water retention difference value based on the soil moisture of the 0-20cm layer and the average soil moisture of the 20-60cm root zone; and generate the population balance state based on the correspondence between the increase in plant height and the increase in fruit branches and the increase in buds and bolls.

[0049] In step three, the basic water supply value of the root zone is the weighted average of the soil moisture in the 20-40cm and 40-60cm soil layers, and the weight of the soil moisture in the 40-60cm soil layer is not less than the weight of the soil moisture in the 20-40cm soil layer; the soil moisture in the 0-20cm soil layer is used as a correction item for the surface water supply of drip irrigation to correct the basic water supply value of the root zone in order to obtain the effective water supply value of the root zone.

[0050] In step three, the surface moisture difference is the difference between the soil moisture in the 0-20cm layer and the average soil moisture in the 20-40cm and 40-60cm layers.

[0051] In step three, the population balance state is divided into three categories based on the correspondence between the increase in plant height and the increase in fruit branches and buds / bottles: a state of excessive nutrition, a balanced state, and a state of weak reproduction.

[0052] For example, within a management cycle, if the increase in plant height is significantly greater than the increase in fruiting branches and the increase in buds and bolls, the population balance is determined to be in a state of excessive nutrition; if the increases in plant height, fruiting branches, and buds and bolls remain coordinated, the population balance is determined to be in a balanced state; if the increase in plant height is small and the increase in buds and bolls decreases, the population balance is determined to be in a state of weak reproductive growth. Through this classification, the current growth direction of cotton plants can be transformed into a basis for judging subsequent irrigation control during the seedling and budding stages and compensation during the flowering and boll-forming stages.

[0053] Step 4, controlled irrigation during the seedling and budding stage: From the seedling stage to the budding stage, determine whether to trigger controlled irrigation based on the effective water supply value in the root zone, the surface water retention difference, and the population balance status, and adjust the irrigation time in conjunction with the meteorological information for the next 72 hours.

[0054] In step four, a preset lower limit and a preset heat risk threshold are set. The preset lower limit is the control limit of the effective water supply value in the root zone from the seedling stage to the budding stage. When the effective water supply value in the root zone is higher than the preset lower limit, controlled irrigation is maintained. When the effective water supply value in the root zone is lower than the preset lower limit, small-scale controlled irrigation is triggered. The preset heat risk threshold is the high temperature risk threshold of the highest temperature in the next 72 hours. When the highest temperature in the next 72 hours reaches the preset heat risk threshold, the irrigation time is moved forward by one management cycle.

[0055] After each management cycle ends, the effective water supply value of the root zone, the surface water retention difference value, and the population balance status are updated first. Then, based on the meteorological information for the next 72 hours, it is determined whether to maintain controlled irrigation or move the irrigation time forward in the next management cycle.

[0056] Step 5, compensation during the flowering and boll-forming period: Determine the compensation irrigation level based on the effective water supply value of the root zone, the population balance status, and the meteorological information for the next 72 hours during the initial flowering to full boll-forming period.

[0057] In step five, the compensation irrigation levels are divided into low compensation, medium compensation, and high compensation: Among them, low compensation corresponds to a root zone relative water content of 60%-70% and a population balance state of nutrient overabundance.

[0058] The relative water content of the root zone corresponding to the compensation is 50%-60% and the population equilibrium state is balanced.

[0059] High compensation corresponds to a relative moisture content in the root zone of less than 50% and an increased thermal risk in the next 72 hours.

[0060] For example, during the initial flowering to full boll-forming stage, if the effective water supply in the root zone is only slightly insufficient and the population balance is nutrient-rich, it is determined to be low compensation; if the effective water supply in the root zone is moderately insufficient and the population balance is balanced, it is determined to be medium compensation; if the effective water supply in the root zone is significantly insufficient and the maximum temperature in the next 72 hours reaches the preset heat risk threshold, it is determined to be high compensation. Based on the above compensation irrigation levels, the corresponding topdressing adjustment methods are executed in step six.

[0061] Step 6, Water and Fertilizer Coordination: Adjust the topdressing level synchronously with the water and fertilizer materials carried by the cultivation vehicle according to the compensation irrigation level. The topdressing level should at least distinguish between nitrogen fertilizer control and potassium fertilizer compensation.

[0062] In step six, nitrogen fertilizer input is controlled when compensation is low, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are supplemented simultaneously when compensation is medium, and the potassium fertilizer compensation ratio is increased when compensation is high, without increasing nitrogen fertilizer input in sync with irrigation level.

[0063] Step 7, withdrawal during the boll opening period: After the boll opening, determine whether to enter the final stage of water and fertilizer withdrawal management based on the boll opening rate and the apical growth status, and then implement nitrogen withdrawal, water reduction and irrigation cessation in sequence.

[0064] In step seven, a preset boll opening rate threshold and a preset stop-growth threshold are set. The boll opening rate is the proportion of the number of bolls that have opened in the sampling area to the total number of bolls in the sampling area. The preset boll opening rate threshold is the threshold for the proportion of bolls that have opened in the sampling area in the later stage of boll opening.

[0065] The apical growth status is determined based on the plant height increase over two consecutive management cycles. The preset growth cessation threshold is the plant height increase threshold at which the apex stops significantly elongating. When the boll opening rate reaches the preset boll opening rate threshold and the plant height increase over two consecutive management cycles is lower than the preset growth cessation threshold, it is determined that the water and fertilizer withdrawal management stage of the boll opening period has begun, and the final water and fertilizer management is completed in the order of stopping nitrogen, reducing water, and stopping irrigation.

[0066] The boll opening rate was obtained by manually counting the boll opening situation in the sampling area, and the apical growth status was obtained by recording the change in the height of the cotton plant apex for two consecutive management cycles and comparing it with the preset growth cessation threshold.

[0067] Step 8, Promote ripening and harvest: After completing the withdrawal management, promote ripening and harvest.

[0068] This embodiment comprehensively assesses the soil moisture in cotton fields, the growth of cotton plants, and short-term weather changes, and adjusts the water and fertilizer management process from the seedling stage to after boll opening in stages accordingly. This solves the problems of single basis for irrigation and fertilization management, inaccurate stage switching, and unstable timing of later withdrawal in cotton cultivation in arid areas, and achieves coordinated management of water conservation, stable yield, and accelerated ripening and harvesting.

[0069] like Figure 2 As shown, the cultivation vehicle includes a frame 1, with wheels 2 rotating at the bottom of the frame 1, a push handle 3 bolted to the rear side wall of the frame 1, a support plate 4 bolted to the top of the frame 1, a tube rack 6 and a water and fertilizer tank 5 bolted to the top of the support plate 4, a probe mounting rod 7 bolted to the front side wall of the frame 1, a sliding seat 11 slidably fitted to the probe mounting rod 7, and a surface probe 8, a middle probe 9 and a deep probe 10 detachably connected to the sliding seat 11.

[0070] Specifically, during use, the operator uses the push handle 3 to push the cultivation vehicle to the testing location in the cotton field, and the walking wheels 2 drive the frame 1 to move as a whole. After reaching the testing location, the sliding seat 11 is slid downwards along the probe mounting rod 7, so that the surface probe 8, middle probe 9, and deep probe 10 are simultaneously inserted into the soil to collect information from different soil depths. After completing the collection at this location, the sliding seat 11 is slid upwards along the probe mounting rod 7, so that the surface probe 8, middle probe 9, and deep probe 10 are removed from the soil, and then the cultivation vehicle is pushed to the next testing location. The water and fertilizer tank 5 set on the top of the support plate 4 is used to carry the water and fertilizer materials required for field management, and the coil frame 6 is used to support and store the matching coiled parts, so that the cultivation vehicle can not only complete the collection of layered soil information, but also have the functions of field movement and auxiliary support.

[0071] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for high-yield and water-saving cotton cultivation in arid regions, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, land preparation and planting: prepare and level the planting field, lay drip irrigation tape along the planting rows and cover with mulch film, punch holes in the mulch film, sow seeds and cover with soil, so that laying the mulch film, laying the drip irrigation tape, punching holes, sowing seeds and covering with soil are completed in one go. Step 2, Information Collection: Soil moisture at depths of 0-20cm, 20-40cm, and 40-60cm is collected using cultivation vehicles according to the management cycle, and the increase in cotton plant height, fruiting branches, buds and bolls, as well as meteorological information for the next 72 hours are obtained. Step 3, State Generation: Generate basic water supply values ​​for the root zone based on soil moisture in the 20-40cm and 40-60cm layers, and correct these values ​​by combining them with soil moisture in the 0-20cm layer to obtain the effective water supply values ​​for the root zone; generate surface moisture retention difference values ​​based on soil moisture in the 0-20cm layer and the average soil moisture in the 20-60cm root zone; and generate the population balance state based on the correspondence between plant height increase and fruit branch increase and bud / bottle increase. Step 4, controlled irrigation during the seedling and budding stage: From the seedling stage to the budding stage, determine whether to trigger controlled irrigation based on the effective water supply value in the root zone, the surface water retention difference value, and the population balance status, and adjust the irrigation time in conjunction with the meteorological information for the next 72 hours. Step 5, compensation during the flowering and boll-forming period: Determine the level of compensation irrigation based on the effective water supply value of the root zone, the population balance status, and the meteorological information for the next 72 hours during the initial flowering to full boll-forming period; Step 6, Water and Fertilizer Coordination: Adjust the topdressing level synchronously with the water and fertilizer materials carried by the cultivation vehicle according to the compensation irrigation level. The topdressing level should at least distinguish between nitrogen fertilizer control and potassium fertilizer compensation. Step 7, withdrawal during the boll opening period: After the boll opening, determine whether to enter the final stage of water and fertilizer withdrawal management based on the boll opening rate and the apical growth status, and implement nitrogen withdrawal, water reduction and irrigation cessation in sequence; Step 8, Promote ripening and harvest: After completing the withdrawal management, promote ripening and harvest.

2. The method for high-yield and water-saving cotton cultivation in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the management cycle is 3-7 days. Meteorological information for the next 72 hours is obtained through the meteorological forecasting platform and includes at least the maximum temperature, as well as one of the following: average temperature, effective accumulated temperature, sunshine hours, effective rainfall, or evapotranspiration demand.

3. The method for high-yield and water-saving cotton cultivation in arid areas according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step three, the basic water supply value of the root zone is the weighted average of the soil moisture in the 20-40cm and 40-60cm soil layers, and the weight of the soil moisture in the 40-60cm soil layer is not less than the weight of the soil moisture in the 20-40cm soil layer; the soil moisture in the 0-20cm soil layer is used as a correction item for the surface water supply of drip irrigation to correct the basic water supply value of the root zone in order to obtain the effective water supply value of the root zone.

4. The method for high-yield and water-saving cotton cultivation in arid areas according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step three, the surface moisture difference is the difference between the soil moisture in the 0-20cm layer and the average soil moisture in the 20-40cm and 40-60cm layers.

5. The method for high-yield and water-saving cotton cultivation in arid areas according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step three, the population balance state is divided into three categories based on the correspondence between the increase in plant height and the increase in fruit branches and buds / bottles: a state of excessive nutrition, a balanced state, and a state of weak reproduction.

6. The method for high-yield and water-saving cotton cultivation in arid areas according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step four, a preset lower limit and a preset heat risk threshold are set. The preset lower limit is the control limit of the effective water supply value in the root zone from the seedling stage to the budding stage. When the effective water supply value in the root zone is higher than the preset lower limit, controlled irrigation is maintained. When the effective water supply value in the root zone is lower than the preset lower limit, small-scale controlled irrigation is triggered. The preset heat risk threshold is the high temperature risk threshold of the highest temperature in the next 72 hours. When the highest temperature in the next 72 hours reaches the preset heat risk threshold, the irrigation time is moved forward by one management cycle.

7. The method for high-yield and water-saving cotton cultivation in arid areas according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step five, the compensation irrigation levels are divided into low compensation, medium compensation, and high compensation; Among them, low compensation corresponds to a root zone relative water content of 60%-70% and a population balance state of nutrient overabundance; The relative water content of the root zone corresponding to the compensation is 50%-60% and the population equilibrium state is balanced; High compensation corresponds to a relative moisture content in the root zone of less than 50% and an increased thermal risk in the next 72 hours.

8. The method for high-yield and water-saving cotton cultivation in arid areas according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step six, nitrogen fertilizer input is controlled when compensation is low, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are supplemented simultaneously when compensation is medium, and the potassium fertilizer compensation ratio is increased when compensation is high, without increasing nitrogen fertilizer input in sync with irrigation level.

9. The method for high-yield and water-saving cotton cultivation in arid areas according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step seven, a preset boll opening rate threshold and a preset growth cessation threshold are set. The boll opening rate is the proportion of the number of bolls that have opened in the sampling area to the total number of bolls in the sampling area. The preset boll opening rate threshold is the threshold for the proportion of bolls that have opened in the sampling area when they enter the late boll opening stage. The apical growth status is determined based on the plant height increase over two consecutive management cycles. The preset growth cessation threshold is the threshold for the plant height increase when the apical growth stops significantly. When the boll opening rate reaches the preset boll opening rate threshold and the plant height increase over two consecutive management cycles is lower than the preset growth cessation threshold, it is determined that the water and fertilizer withdrawal management stage of the boll opening period has begun, and the final water and fertilizer management is completed in the order of stopping nitrogen, reducing water, and stopping irrigation.

10. The method for high-yield and water-saving cotton cultivation in arid areas according to claim 9, characterized in that, In steps two and six, the cultivation vehicle includes a frame (1), and the bottom of the frame (1) is fitted with wheels (2). A push handle (3) is fixedly connected to the rear side wall of the frame (1); The top of the frame (1) is fixedly connected to a bearing plate (4), and the top of the bearing plate (4) is fixedly connected to a pipe rack (6) and a water and fertilizer tank (5). The front side wall of the frame (1) is fixedly connected to a probe mounting rod (7), and the probe mounting rod (7) is slidably fitted with a sliding seat (11). The sliding seat (11) is detachably connected to a surface probe (8), a middle probe (9) and a deep probe (10).

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