Field auxiliary fixing device for war injury orthopedics

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of orthopedic medical apparatus, and discloses a kind of auxiliary fixing device for war injury orthopedics in field, including multiple rigid main housings in series, toggle linkage mechanism being arranged in rigid main housing interior, flexible traction cable being passed through multiple rigid main housings, one-way ratchet winch and disc spring group.The present application is connected by rigid main housing end spherical surface, one-way ratchet winch is wound flexible traction cable to generate tension and force rigid main housing to mutually extrude locking form, flexible traction cable is compressed miniature pulley to drive toggle linkage mechanism, so that follow-up contact pad slides inwards and is compressed human body injury limb surface.When human body injury limb swelling pushes follow-up contact pad to move outward and increases flexible traction cable wiring length, disc spring group is compressed to release flexible traction cable to compensate local space displacement, and maintain flexible traction cable tension constant, solve the problem that existing device cannot automatically compensate displacement and lead to excessive compression of human body injury limb.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of orthopedic medical device technology, specifically to an auxiliary fixation device for field combat trauma orthopedics. Background Technology

[0002] In field trauma rescue environments, fracture sites need to be quickly immobilized during patient transport to prevent secondary injury. Existing orthopedic fixation equipment uses rigid splints. However, when using rigid splints, the splint surface cannot bend and conform to the complex contours of the injured limb, resulting in gaps between the splint and the injured limb and reducing the overall quality of fixation.

[0003] When tightening and securing equipment, existing methods require locking the external support structure and simultaneously adjusting the internal contact pads. This cumbersome process increases the complexity of the operator's actions, delays rescue time, and fails to meet the requirements for rapid field rescue.

[0004] Furthermore, after a human limb is injured, the injured area will swell. Since the internal dimensions of existing fixation devices remain constant, when the injured limb expands outward, the existing fixation devices exert excessive pressure on the injured limb, obstructing blood circulation and causing tissue ischemia and necrosis.

[0005] Regarding the swelling issue, if the operator manually loosens the existing fixing equipment to release the internal space, the tension in the internal structure of the existing fixing equipment will drop instantly, causing the overall support of the existing fixing equipment to loosen, resulting in the existing fixing equipment completely losing its support and restraint function, and causing overall fixation failure.

[0006] Therefore, this invention proposes an auxiliary fixation device for field combat trauma orthopedics to address the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an auxiliary fixation device for field combat trauma orthopedics. It solves the problems that existing field first aid fixation equipment cannot quickly conform to the shape of the injured limb and simultaneously achieve rigid shape locking. Furthermore, when local volume swelling occurs after a human injury, existing field first aid fixation equipment cannot automatically compensate for spatial displacement, resulting in excessive compression of the injured limb and causing ischemic damage. Alternatively, existing field first aid fixation equipment may experience a decrease in traction force after releasing space, leading to the overall fixation shape loosening and failure.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides an auxiliary fixation device for orthopedic trauma in the field, comprising multiple rigid main housings arranged in series along the length direction, an elbow linkage mechanism disposed inside the rigid main housings, a flexible traction cable passing through the multiple rigid main housings, a one-way ratchet winch, and a disc spring assembly. The direction facing the surface of the injured limb is defined as the inner side, and the direction away from the surface of the injured limb is defined as the outer side.

[0009] Two adjacent rigid main housings are connected in axial contact. The first rigid main housing has a convex spherical surface on one end face along the axial direction, while the second rigid main housing has a concave spherical surface on the opposite end face along the axial direction. The convex spherical surface of the first rigid main housing and the concave spherical surface of the second rigid main housing fit together to form a spherical hinge connection. The external shape of the rigid main housing exhibits a wedge-shaped structure, with the cross-sectional width decreasing towards the ends along the axial direction. This wedge-shaped structure creates a clearance between the edges of the end faces of the two adjacent rigid main housings. When the convex and concave spherical surfaces slide together, the clearance allows the two adjacent rigid main housings to produce pitch and yaw displacements.

[0010] A accommodating cavity is formed inside the rigid main housing. Two coaxially arranged first and second central guide holes are formed on the two end faces of the rigid main housing along the axial direction. A toggle linkage mechanism is disposed inside the accommodating cavity. The toggle linkage mechanism includes a follower contact pad, a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, an intermediate pin, and a miniature pulley. An opening is formed on the inner surface of the rigid main housing, and the follower contact pad slides radially into the opening. The outer end of the first connecting rod is hinged to the inner wall surface of the outer side of the rigid main housing, and the inner end of the second connecting rod is hinged to the surface of the follower contact pad opposite to the inner side. The inner end of the first connecting rod and the outer end of the second connecting rod are hinged together by the intermediate pin. The miniature pulley is rotatably sleeved outside the intermediate pin. A flexible traction cable passes sequentially through multiple first and second central guide holes of the rigid main housing. The section of the flexible traction cable inside the rigid main housing winds around the outer circumferential surface of the miniature pulley in a direction away from the follower contact pad. The outer circumferential surfaces of the miniature pulleys are arranged radially outward from the central axis of the first central guide hole. The first central guide hole, the miniature pulleys, and the second central guide hole are staggered, causing the flexible traction cable to form a bent geometric path within the accommodating cavity of the rigid main housing.

[0011] A one-way ratchet winch is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rigid main housing located at one end of the axial direction. One end of the flexible traction cable, passing through the rigid main housing, is fixed to the winding shaft inside the one-way ratchet winch. A fixed anchor and a central guide rod are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rigid main housing located at the other end of the axial direction. A disc spring assembly is sleeved on the outside of the central guide rod, and a sliding force-bearing baffle is slidably fitted onto the end of the central guide rod away from the fixed anchor. The sliding force-bearing baffle presses against the disc spring assembly axially. The end of the flexible traction cable passes into the central guide rod and is fixedly connected to the surface of the sliding force-bearing baffle away from the disc spring assembly.

[0012] A one-way ratchet winch winds up a flexible traction cable, generating axial tension within the cable. This axial tension causes the cable to tend towards a straighter shape. The surface of the bent section of the cable applies a radial positive pressure inwards to the outer circumferential surface of a miniature pulley. This radial positive pressure causes the intermediate pin to move axially inwards. This inward movement of the intermediate pin causes the first and second links to rotate. The second link pushes a follower contact pad inwards, which slides radially inwards within the opening and abuts against the surface of the injured limb. The axial tension within the flexible traction cable causes multiple rigid main shells to press against each other axially. The convex spherical surface of the previous rigid main shell comes into close contact with the concave spherical surface of the next rigid main shell, generating static friction. This static friction restricts the relative sliding of the convex and concave spherical surfaces, locking the overall shape of the multiple rigid main shells.

[0013] When the volume of a wounded limb expands, the surface of the wounded limb applies an external thrust to the follower contact pad. This external thrust radially compresses the follower contact pad, causing it to move outward. The outward movement of the follower contact pad pushes the second and first connecting rods to rotate, causing the miniature pulley to move outward. The outward movement of the miniature pulley pushes the flexible traction cable, increasing the absolute length requirement for the flexible traction cable's bending and routing within the accommodating cavity, thus increasing the axial tension within the flexible traction cable. The axial tension of the flexible traction cable pulls the sliding force-bearing plate, causing it to slide linearly. The sliding force-bearing plate compresses the disc spring assembly. The disc spring assembly undergoes axial compression deformation, reducing its axial length. The sliding force-bearing plate moves towards the fixed anchor, causing the flexible traction cable to release the corresponding length into the rigid main shell, supplementing the absolute length requirement of the flexible traction cable caused by the radial displacement of the miniature pulley. Within the axial compression deformation range, the disc spring assembly outputs a constant axial thrust to the sliding force baffle, maintaining a constant axial tension inside the flexible traction cable. This ensures that the device continuously applies axial compression to each rigid main shell, maintaining a relatively static and locked state between the convex and concave spherical surfaces of two adjacent rigid main shells.

[0014] This invention provides an auxiliary fixation device for orthopedic trauma in the field. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention uses the convex and concave spherical surfaces at the ends of the rigid main shell to form a spherical hinge connection, and a wedge-shaped structure is set on the outside of the rigid main shell to form a clearance gap, so that multiple series of rigid main shells can be freely bent and conform to the contour of the injured limb in the initial state. When the one-way ratchet winch winds up the flexible traction cable to generate axial tension, the axial tension forces the two adjacent rigid main shells to squeeze each other to generate static friction, quickly locking the overall shape of multiple rigid main shells, so as to achieve the purpose of rapid rigid fixation of fracture sites in field combat injuries.

[0015] 2. This invention, by setting staggered first central guide holes, micro pulleys and second central guide holes inside the rigid main housing cavity, causes the flexible traction cable to form a bent routing path. When the flexible traction cable is tensioned and tends to be linearly distributed, it outputs radial positive pressure to the micro pulley. The radial positive pressure drives the first and second links of the elbow linkage mechanism to unfold, thereby pushing the follower contact pad to slide linearly inward and press against the surface of the injured limb, completing a single axial traction action and simultaneously achieving the dual fixing effect of friction locking of the outer housing and tight adhesion of the internal contact pad.

[0016] 3. This invention provides a disc spring assembly and a sliding force-baffle that are compressed by the end of a flexible traction cable outside the rigid main shell at the end. When local swelling of the injured limb forces the follower contact pad to move outward and increases the required length of the flexible traction cable, the sliding force-baffle squeezes the disc spring assembly to produce compression deformation, releasing a corresponding length of flexible traction cable into the rigid main shell to compensate for the displacement. At the same time, the disc spring assembly outputs a constant thrust within the compression range to maintain a constant internal tension value of the flexible traction cable, preventing local compression from causing ischemia of the injured limb, and can continuously maintain the locked state between the rigid main shells. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the disc spring assembly in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the elbow linkage mechanism in this invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the rigid main shell in this invention; Figure 5 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0018] The components include: 1. Rigid main housing; 2. Toggle linkage mechanism; 3. Flexible traction cable; 4. One-way ratchet winch; 5. Disc spring assembly; 6. Receiving cavity; 7. Opening; 8. Follower contact pad; 9. First link; 10. Second link; 11. Intermediate pin; 12. Miniature pulley; 13. Central guide hole; 14. Central guide rod; 15. Sliding force-bearing baffle; 16. Outward convex spherical surface; 17. Inward concave spherical surface; 18. Clearance clearance; 19. Mechanical limiting boss; 21. Sponge buffer layer; 22. Annular rope groove; 23. Rotating handwheel; 24. Winding spool; 25. Ratchet; 26. Pawl; 27. Fixed anchor. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] See attached document Figure 1 To be continued Figure 3 This invention provides an auxiliary fixation device for orthopedic trauma in the field, comprising multiple rigid main housings 1 arranged in series along the length direction, an elbow linkage mechanism 2 disposed inside the rigid main housings 1, a flexible traction cable 3 passing through the multiple rigid main housings 1, a one-way ratchet winch 4, and a disc spring assembly 5. The direction of the device toward the surface of the injured limb is defined as the inner side, and the direction away from the surface of the injured limb is defined as the outer side.

[0021] Two adjacent rigid main housings 1 are connected in contact along the axial direction. The end face of the first rigid main housing 1 along the axial direction is provided with an outward convex spherical surface 16, and the opposite end face of the second rigid main housing 1 along the axial direction is provided with an inward concave spherical surface 17. The outward convex spherical surface 16 on the surface of the first rigid main housing 1 and the inward concave spherical surface 17 on the surface of the second rigid main housing 1 fit together to form a spherical hinge connection.

[0022] The rigid main housing 1 has an opening 7 on its inner surface. The interior of the rigid main housing 1 is hollowed out to form a receiving cavity 6. The toggle linkage mechanism 2 is located inside the receiving cavity 6. The toggle linkage mechanism 2 includes a follower contact pad 8, a first link 9, a second link 10, an intermediate pin 11, and a miniature pulley 12.

[0023] The follower contact pad 8 slides radially into the opening 7. The outer end of the first connecting rod 9 is hinged to the outer inner wall surface of the rigid main housing 1, and the inner end of the second connecting rod 10 is hinged to the surface of the follower contact pad 8 opposite to the inner side. The inner end of the first connecting rod 9 and the outer end of the second connecting rod 10 are hinged together by an intermediate pin 11. The miniature pulley 12 is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the intermediate pin 11. The inner sidewall of the rigid main housing 1 extends toward the center of the accommodating cavity 6 to form a mechanical limiting boss 19. The mechanical limiting boss 19 is arranged on the movement trajectory path of the first connecting rod 9 as it unfolds and rotates outward.

[0024] The rigid main housing 1 has central guide holes 13 on both ends along the axial direction. The flexible traction cable 3 passes through the central guide holes 13 on the ends of the rigid main housing 1 in sequence along the axial direction. The section of the flexible traction cable 3 located inside the rigid main housing 1 runs around and fits the outer circumferential surface of the micro pulley 12 in a direction away from the follower contact pad 8.

[0025] A one-way ratchet winch 4 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rigid main housing 1 located at one end of the axial direction. One end of the flexible traction cable 3 extends axially out of the rigid main housing 1 and is fixed to the winding shaft 24 inside the one-way ratchet winch 4. A central guide rod 14 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rigid main housing 1 located at the other end of the axial direction. A disc spring assembly 5 is sleeved on the outside of the central guide rod 14. A sliding force-bearing baffle 15 is slidably fitted on the end of the central guide rod 14 away from the rigid main housing 1, and the sliding force-bearing baffle 15 presses against the disc spring assembly 5 axially. The other end of the flexible traction cable 3 enters the interior of the central guide rod 14 and extends axially. The end of the flexible traction cable 3 is fixedly connected to the surface of the sliding force-bearing baffle 15 away from the disc spring assembly 5.

[0026] See attached document Figure 2 To be continued Figure 5 Multiple rigid main housings 1 are arranged in series along the axial direction. The external shape of the rigid main housing 1 presents a wedge-shaped structure with the cross-sectional width decreasing towards the end along the axial direction. The rigid main housing 1 has an accommodating cavity 6 inside. The rigid main housing 1 has a first end face and a second end face arranged opposite to each other along the axial direction. The outer surface of the first end face of the rigid main housing 1 protrudes outward to form an outward convex spherical surface 16, and the outer surface of the second end face of the rigid main housing 1 is concave inward to form an inward concave sphere.

[0027] The radius of curvature of the convex spherical surface 16 is equal to that of the concave spherical surface 17. Between two adjacent rigid main shells 1 arranged along the axial direction, the convex spherical surface 16 of the previous rigid main shell 1 and the concave spherical surface 17 of the next rigid main shell 1 are in contact and fit together to form a spherical hinge connection structure.

[0028] The wedge-shaped structure of the outer shape of the rigid main housing 1 creates a clearance gap 18 between the edges of the first and second end faces of two adjacent rigid main housings 1. When the convex spherical surface 16 and the concave spherical surface 17 slide against each other, the clearance gap 18 allows the two adjacent rigid main housings 1 to produce pitch and yaw displacements. An opening 7 is provided on the inner surface of the rigid main housing 1, extending into the cavity 6.

[0029] A first central guide hole 13 is provided at the center of the first end face of the rigid main housing 1, and a second central guide hole 13 is provided at the center of the second end face. The first central guide hole 13 and the second central guide hole 13 are arranged coaxially, and the internal spaces of the first central guide hole 13 and the second central guide hole 13 are in communication with the internal space of the accommodating cavity 6.

[0030] See attached document Figure 3 The toggle linkage mechanism 2 includes a follower contact pad 8, a central base, a first link 9, a second link 10, an intermediate pin 11, a miniature pulley 12, and a mechanical limiting boss 19.

[0031] The follower contact pad 8 has an arc-shaped plate structure. A sponge buffer layer 21 is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the follower contact pad 8. The follower contact pad 8 slides into the opening 7 of the rigid main shell 1. The follower contact pad 8 slides linearly in the opening 7 along the radial direction. A central base is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the follower contact pad 8.

[0032] The first connecting rod 9 is hinged to the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 6 located on the outer side of the rigid main housing 1 at one end. The second connecting rod 10 is hinged to the central base at one end. The first connecting rod 9 is hinged to the inner side of the inner end and the second connecting rod 10 is hinged to the outer side of the outer end. The intermediate pin 11 passes through the first connecting rod 9 near the inner end and the second connecting rod 10 near the outer end. The first connecting rod 9 and the second connecting rod 10 are rotatably connected by the intermediate pin 11.

[0033] The miniature pulley 12 is coaxially sleeved outside the intermediate pin 11. The miniature pulley 12 rotates independently along the central axis of the intermediate pin 11. The outer circumferential surface of the miniature pulley 12 is recessed into the interior of the miniature pulley 12 to form an annular rope groove 22.

[0034] The side wall of the accommodating cavity 6 of the rigid main housing 1 extends into the accommodating cavity 6 to form a mechanical limiting boss 19. The mechanical limiting boss 19 is arranged on the motion path of the first connecting rod 9 when it unfolds and rotates. When the unfolding angle between the first connecting rod 9 and the second connecting rod 10 reaches a preset angle, the side wall surface of the first connecting rod 9 abuts against the outer surface of the mechanical limiting boss 19. The mechanical limiting boss 19 restricts the unfolding and rotating range of the first connecting rod 9 and the second connecting rod 10, and prevents the first connecting rod 9 and the second connecting rod 10 from rotating to the flat angle dead point position of 180 degrees.

[0035] See attached document Figure 4 The flexible traction cable 3 passes through multiple rigid main shells 1 in sequence along the axial direction. The flexible traction cable 3 is a multi-strand stainless steel wire rope with a polytetrafluoroethylene coating on its surface. The polytetrafluoroethylene coating reduces the frictional resistance when the flexible traction cable 3 slides.

[0036] The flexible traction cable 3 passes through the first central guide hole 13 and the second central guide hole 13 of the multiple rigid main housings 1 in sequence along the axial direction. Inside the accommodating cavity 6 of the rigid main housing 1, the flexible traction cable 3 winds around and adheres to the outer circumferential surface of the micro pulley 12 in a direction away from the follower contact pad 8. The outer circumferential surface of the micro pulley 12 is recessed towards the center of the micro pulley 12 to form an annular rope groove 22. The flexible traction cable 3 is embedded in the annular rope groove 22. When the flexible traction cable 3 is tensioned, a radial positive pressure is applied to the micro pulley 12 in the direction of the follower contact pad 8.

[0037] The ends of the multiple rigid main housings 1 arranged along the axial direction include the first end rigid main housing 1, and the one-way ratchet winch 4 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the first end rigid main housing 1.

[0038] The one-way ratchet winch 4 includes a rotating handwheel 23, a winding spool 24, a ratchet 25, and a pawl 26. The rotating handwheel 23 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the winding spool 24, the ratchet 25 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the winding spool 24, and the end of the pawl 26 abuts against the tooth groove of the ratchet 25.

[0039] One end of the flexible traction cable 3 extends axially out of the first end rigid main housing 1, and the end of the flexible traction cable 3 extending out of the first end rigid main housing 1 is wound and fixed to the outside of the winding spool 24. Rotating the handwheel 23 drives the winding spool 24 to rotate, and the rotation of the winding spool 24 causes the flexible traction cable 3 to wind around the outside of the winding spool 24. The winding of the flexible traction cable 3 around the outside of the winding spool 24 reduces the axial length of the flexible traction cable 3 outside the winding spool 24, so that the flexible traction cable 3 is taut axially and generates axial tension inside the flexible traction cable 3.

[0040] The pawl 26 abuts against the inside of the tooth groove of the ratchet 25 to restrict the reverse rotation of the winding spool 24 and prevent the flexible traction cable 3 from detaching from the outside of the winding spool 24, thus preventing a decrease in axial tension.

[0041] See attached document Figure 3 The ends of the multiple rigid main housings 1 arranged axially include the second end rigid main housing 1. The fixed anchor 27 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the second end rigid main housing 1, and the central guide light rod 14 is fixedly connected axially to the side surface of the fixed anchor 27 opposite to the second end rigid main housing 1. The central guide light rod 14 has through holes that penetrate both ends of the central guide light rod 14 axially inside.

[0042] Multiple disc springs are alternately arranged in a pairing and overlapping manner along the axial direction and are sleeved on the outside of the central guide rod 14. The multiple disc springs are connected in series to form a disc spring group 5. One end of the disc spring group 5 abuts against the fixed anchor 27. The sliding force-bearing baffle 15 is slidably sleeved on the end of the central guide rod 14 away from the fixed anchor 27 along the axial direction. The end of the disc spring group 5 away from the fixed anchor 27 abuts against the side surface of the sliding force-bearing baffle 15 near the disc spring group 5. The disc spring group 5 is limited between the fixed anchor 27 and the sliding force-bearing baffle 15.

[0043] One end of the flexible traction cable 3 is fixed to the one-way ratchet winch 4, and the end of the flexible traction cable 3 away from the one-way ratchet winch 4 passes axially through the second end rigid main housing 1. The flexible traction cable 3 sequentially passes through the through holes inside the fixed anchor 27 and the central guide rod 14. The flexible traction cable 3 passes axially through the central guide rod 14. The end of the flexible traction cable 3 that passes through the central guide rod 14 is fixedly connected to the surface of the sliding force-bearing baffle 15 away from the disc spring assembly 5.

[0044] To address the technical problem of additional geometric length requirements for the flexible traction cable 3 due to localized volume expansion in the target contact area, when the axial tension inside the flexible traction cable 3 exceeds a preset value, the axial tension of the flexible traction cable 3 pulls the sliding force-bearing baffle 15 to slide linearly along the axial direction toward the fixed anchor 27, and the sliding force-bearing baffle 15 compresses the disc spring assembly 5 along the axial direction. The disc spring assembly 5 undergoes axial compression deformation under pressure, reducing its axial length. The reduction in the axial length of the disc spring assembly 5 causes the sliding force-bearing baffle 15 to move toward the fixed anchor 27, allowing the flexible traction cable 3 to release the corresponding length into the rigid main housing 1 at the second end, thus compensating for the localized lateral displacement of the flexible traction cable 3.

[0045] When the corresponding length is released, the disc spring group 5, which consists of multiple disc springs, outputs a constant axial thrust to the sliding force baffle 15 within the axial compression deformation range. The constant axial thrust reacts to the sliding force baffle 15, thereby maintaining the constant axial tension value inside the flexible traction cable 3.

[0046] See attached document Figure 3 Multiple rigid main housings 1 are sequentially connected in contact. To address the issue of converting the axial tension inside the flexible traction cable 3 into a radial normal force perpendicular to the axial direction, the outer circumferential surface of the miniature pulley 12 is radially arranged in a direction outward from the central axis of the first central guide hole 13. After the flexible traction cable 3 passes through the first central guide hole 13, it bends and deflects outward. After the flexible traction cable 3 circles the outer circumferential surface of the miniature pulley 12, it bends and deflects inward, and then exits the second central guide hole 13.

[0047] The spatially staggered arrangement of the first central guide hole 13, the miniature pulley 12, and the second central guide hole 13 causes the flexible traction cable 3 to form a bent geometric path within the accommodating cavity 6 of the rigid main housing 1. When the unidirectional ratchet winch 4 winds up the flexible traction cable 3, an axial tension is generated inside the flexible traction cable 3. The axial tension causes the flexible traction cable 3 to tend to restore its straight-line distribution. The surface of the bent section of the flexible traction cable 3 applies a radial normal force towards the inward direction to the outer circumferential surface of the miniature pulley 12. The miniature pulley 12 is subjected to the radial normal force and moves inward, thereby converting the axial tension inside the flexible traction cable 3 into a radial normal force acting on the miniature pulley 12.

[0048] To address the issue of changes in the local geometric routing path of the flexible traction cable 3 caused by displacement of the follower contact pad 8 due to external thrust, when the external thrust compresses the follower contact pad 8 radially to move it outward, the follower contact pad 8 pushes the second link 10 and the first link 9 to rotate.

[0049] The rotation of the first connecting rod 9 and the second connecting rod 10 causes the intermediate pin 11 to move outward. The movement of the intermediate pin 11 causes the miniature pulley 12 to move outward. The outward movement of the miniature pulley 12 pushes the flexible traction cable 3, increasing the absolute length of the geometric path of the flexible traction cable 3 when it bends inside the accommodating cavity 6. The increased absolute length requirement causes the flexible traction cable 3 to slide relative to each other axially inside the first central guide hole 13 and the second central guide hole 13, achieving the effect of converting the radial displacement of the miniature pulley 12 into the axial sliding displacement of the flexible traction cable 3.

[0050] One end of the flexible traction cable 3 is wound and fixed to the winding shaft 24 inside the one-way ratchet winch 4, and the other end of the flexible traction cable 3 passes through the central guide rod 14 and is fixedly connected to the sliding force-bearing baffle 15. The one-way ratchet winch 4 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the first end rigid main housing 1, and the fixed anchor 27 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the second end rigid main housing 1. The disc spring group 5 is located between the fixed anchor 27 and the sliding force-bearing baffle 15. The flexible traction cable 3, the one-way ratchet winch 4, the multiple rigid main housings 1 and the disc spring group 5 establish a mutually constraining connection structure.

[0051] Working principle: In the initial state, there is no axial tension inside the flexible traction cable 3. The convex spherical surface 16 and the concave spherical surface 17 between two adjacent rigid main shells 1 can slide relative to each other. The wedge structure of the rigid main shell 1 forms a clearance gap 18 between the first end face edge and the second end face edge of two adjacent rigid main shells 1, which allows the two adjacent rigid main shells 1 to produce pitch and yaw displacements. The overall shape of the multiple rigid main shells 1 arranged in series along the length direction is deformed, so that the multiple rigid main shells 1 conform to the shape contour of the injured limb.

[0052] During the fixed-shape process, external operation causes the rotating handwheel 23 to rotate. The rotation of the rotating handwheel 23 drives the winding shaft 24 of the one-way ratchet winch 4 to rotate. The rotation of the winding shaft 24 causes the flexible traction cable 3 to wrap around the outside of the winding shaft 24. The flexible traction cable 3 wrapped around the outside of the winding shaft 24 reduces the axial length of the flexible traction cable 3 outside the winding shaft 24, so that the flexible traction cable 3 is taut along the axial direction and generates axial tension inside the flexible traction cable 3. The pawl 26 of the one-way ratchet winch 4 abuts against the inside of the tooth groove of the ratchet 25 to restrict the reverse rotation of the winding shaft 24, prevent the flexible traction cable 3 from detaching from the outside of the winding shaft 24, and maintain the axial tension inside the flexible traction cable 3.

[0053] The axial tension inside the flexible traction cable 3 causes the flexible traction cable 3 to tend to restore its straight shape distribution. The surface of the bending section of the flexible traction cable 3 applies a radial positive pressure in the inward direction to the outer circumferential surface of the micro pulley 12. The micro pulley 12 is subjected to radial positive pressure and drives the intermediate pin 11 to move inward. The movement of the intermediate pin 11 inward causes the first connecting rod 9 and the second connecting rod 10 to rotate. The second connecting rod 10 pushes the central base and the follower contact pad 8 inward. The follower contact pad 8 slides in a straight line in the opening 7 of the rigid main housing 1 in the radial direction until the sponge buffer layer 21 on the inner surface of the follower contact pad 8 abuts and presses against the surface of the injured limb.

[0054] The first link 9 extends and rotates outward until its sidewall surface abuts against the outer surface of the mechanical limiting boss 19. The mechanical limiting boss 19 restricts the range of extension and rotation of the first link 9 and the second link 10, preventing the first link 9 and the second link 10 from rotating to the 180-degree dead point position.

[0055] The axial tension inside the flexible traction cable 3 forces multiple rigid main shells 1 arranged in series along the length to press against each other axially. The convex spherical surface 16 on the surface of the previous rigid main shell 1 and the concave spherical surface 17 on the surface of the next rigid main shell 1 come into close contact with each other and generate static friction. The static friction restricts the relative sliding of the convex spherical surface 16 and the concave spherical surface 17, locking the overall shape of the multiple rigid main shells 1.

[0056] When the volume of the injured limb expands, the surface of the injured limb applies an outward thrust to the corresponding follower contact pad 8. The outward thrust compresses the follower contact pad 8 radially, causing it to move outward. The outward movement of the follower contact pad 8 pushes the second link 10 and the first link 9 to rotate.

[0057] The rotation of the first link 9 and the second link 10 causes the intermediate pin 11 to move outward. The movement of the intermediate pin 11 causes the miniature pulley 12 to move outward, pushing the flexible traction cable 3 and increasing the length of the geometric path of the flexible traction cable 3 when it bends inside the accommodating cavity 6. The increased absolute length requirement causes the flexible traction cable 3 to slide relative to each other axially inside the first central guide hole 13 and the second central guide hole 13, increasing the axial tension inside the flexible traction cable 3.

[0058] When the axial tension inside the flexible traction cable 3 exceeds a preset value, the flexible traction cable 3 pulls the sliding force-bearing baffle 15 to slide linearly along the axial direction toward the fixed anchor 27. The sliding force-bearing baffle 15 compresses the disc spring assembly 5 along the axial direction, causing the disc spring assembly 5 to undergo axial compression deformation and reduce its axial length. The reduction in the axial length of the disc spring assembly 5 causes the sliding force-bearing baffle 15 to move toward the fixed anchor 27, allowing the flexible traction cable 3 to release the corresponding length into the rigid main housing 1 at the second end, thus compensating for the absolute length requirement of the flexible traction cable 3 caused by the radial displacement of the local micro pulley 12.

[0059] When the corresponding length is released, the disc spring group 5, composed of multiple disc springs, outputs a constant axial thrust to the sliding force baffle 15 within the axial compression deformation range. The constant axial thrust reacts to the sliding force baffle 15, maintaining a constant axial tension value inside the flexible traction cable 3. The constant axial tension ensures that axial compression is continuously applied to each rigid main shell 1, maintaining the relative static locking state between the outer convex spherical surface 16 and the inner concave spherical surface 17 of two adjacent rigid main shells 1.

Claims

1. A field-use orthopedic auxiliary fixation device for combat trauma, characterized in that, It includes multiple rigid main housings (1) arranged in series, a toggle linkage mechanism (2) set inside the rigid main housing (1), a flexible traction cable (3) passing through multiple rigid main housings (1), a one-way ratchet winch (4) and a disc spring assembly (5). Two adjacent rigid main housings (1) are connected in contact along the axial direction. A receiving cavity (6) is formed inside the rigid main housing (1). The toggle linkage mechanism (2) is disposed inside the receiving cavity (6). A central guide hole (13) is opened on both ends of the rigid main housing (1). The flexible traction cable (3) passes through the central guide holes (13) of multiple rigid main housings (1). The rigid main housing (1) at the end includes a first end rigid main housing (1) and a second end rigid main housing (1). The one-way ratchet winch (4) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the first end rigid main housing (1). One end of the flexible traction cable (3) is fixed to the surface of the winding shaft (24) inside the one-way ratchet winch (4). A central guide rod (14) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the second end rigid main shell (1). The disc spring assembly (5) is sleeved on the outside of the central guide rod (14). A sliding force-bearing baffle (15) is slidably sleeved on the outside of the central guide rod (14). The sliding force-bearing baffle (15) presses against the disc spring assembly (5). The other end of the flexible traction cable (3) is fixedly connected to the sliding force-bearing baffle (15).

2. The field-use orthopedic auxiliary fixation device for combat trauma as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rigid main shell (1) has a first end face and a second end face arranged opposite to each other along the axial direction. The outer surface of the first end face of the rigid main shell (1) protrudes outward to form an outward convex spherical surface (16), and the outer surface of the second end face of the rigid main shell (1) is concave inward to form an inward concave spherical surface (17). Between two adjacent rigid main shells (1) arranged along the axial direction, the convex spherical surface (16) of the former rigid main shell (1) and the concave spherical surface (17) of the latter rigid main shell (1) are in contact and fit together to form a spherical hinge connection structure. The external shape of the rigid main shell (1) presents a wedge-shaped structure with the cross-sectional width decreasing towards the end along the axial direction. The wedge-shaped structure of the external shape of the rigid main shell (1) creates a clearance gap (18) between the first end face edge and the second end face edge of two adjacent rigid main shells (1).

3. The field-use orthopedic auxiliary fixation device for combat trauma as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The elbow linkage mechanism (2) includes a follower contact pad (8), a first link (9), a second link (10), an intermediate pin (11), and a miniature pulley (12). The rigid main housing (1) has an opening (7) on its inner surface. The follower contact pad (8) is slidably fitted into the opening (7). The first connecting rod (9) is hinged to the inner wall of the accommodating cavity (6) on the outer side of the rigid main housing (1). The second connecting rod (10) is hinged to the surface of the follower contact pad (8) away from the inner side. The inner end of the first connecting rod (9) is hinged to the outer end of the second connecting rod (10) via the intermediate pin (11), and the miniature pulley (12) is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the intermediate pin (11).

4. The field-use orthopedic auxiliary fixation device for combat trauma as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The follower contact pad (8) is an arc-shaped plate structure. A sponge buffer layer (21) is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the follower contact pad (8), and a central base is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the follower contact pad (8). The second connecting rod (10) is hinged to the central base at one end near the inner side. The outer circumferential surface of the micro pulley (12) is recessed into the micro pulley (12) to form an annular rope groove (22). The side wall of the accommodating cavity (6) of the rigid main housing (1) extends into the accommodating cavity (6) to form a mechanical limiting boss (19), which is arranged on the motion path of the first connecting rod (9) as it unfolds and rotates.

5. The field-use orthopedic auxiliary fixation device for combat trauma as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The central guide hole (13) includes a first central guide hole (13) opened at the center of the first end face of the rigid main housing (1) and a second central guide hole (13) opened at the center of the second end face of the rigid main housing (1), and the first central guide hole (13) and the second central guide hole (13) are arranged coaxially; The flexible traction cable (3) passes through the first central guide hole (13) and the second central guide hole (13) of the multiple rigid main shells (1) in sequence along the axial direction. The flexible traction cable (3) is located in the section inside the accommodating cavity (6), and it travels around and fits the outer circumferential surface of the micro pulley (12) in a direction away from the follower contact pad (8). The outer circumferential surface of the micro pulley (12) is arranged radially in the direction of the central axis of the first central guide hole (13) towards the outside.

6. The field-use orthopedic auxiliary fixation device for combat trauma as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The first central guide hole (13), the micro pulley (12) and the second central guide hole (13) are spatially misaligned. The flexible traction cable (3) passes through the first central guide hole (13) and bends outward. The flexible traction cable (3) travels around the outer circumferential surface of the micro pulley (12) and then bends inward. The flexible traction cable (3) forms a bent geometric path inside the accommodating cavity (6).

7. The field-use orthopedic auxiliary fixation device for combat trauma according to claim 1, characterized in that, The one-way ratchet winch (4) includes a rotating handwheel (23), a winding spool (24), a ratchet (25), and a pawl (26). The rotating handwheel (23) is coaxially and fixedly connected to the winding shaft (24), the ratchet (25) is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the winding shaft (24), and the end of the pawl (26) abuts against the inside of the tooth groove of the ratchet (25); The flexible traction cable (3) extends axially through one end of the first end rigid main housing (1), and the end of the flexible traction cable (3) extending through the first end rigid main housing (1) is wound and fixed to the outside of the winding spool (24).

8. The field-use orthopedic auxiliary fixation device for combat trauma according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second end rigid main shell (1) is fixedly connected to a fixed anchor (27) on the outer surface. The central guide light rod (14) is fixedly connected to the fixed anchor (27) on the side surface away from the second end rigid main shell (1) along the axial direction. The central guide light rod (14) has through holes that pass through both ends of the central guide light rod (14) along the axial direction inside. The disc spring assembly (5) is composed of multiple disc springs connected in series. The multiple disc springs are arranged alternately in a pairing and overlapping manner along the axial direction and are sleeved on the outside of the central guide light rod (14). One end of the disc spring assembly (5) abuts against the fixed anchor (27), and the other end of the disc spring assembly (5) away from the fixed anchor (27) abuts against the side surface of the sliding force-bearing baffle (15) near the disc spring assembly (5). The disc spring assembly (5) is located between the fixed anchor (27) and the sliding force-bearing baffle (15).

9. The field-use orthopedic auxiliary fixation device for combat trauma as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The flexible traction cable (3) extends axially through the second end rigid main housing (1) at the end furthest from the one-way ratchet winch (4). The flexible traction cable (3) is inserted into the through holes inside the fixed anchor (27) and the center guide light rod (14) in sequence, and the flexible traction cable (3) is inserted out of the center guide light rod (14) along the axial direction. The flexible traction cable (3) passes through the end of the central guide rod (14) and is fixedly connected to the side surface of the sliding force-bearing baffle (15) away from the disc spring assembly (5).

10. The field-use orthopedic auxiliary fixation device for combat trauma according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible traction cable (3) is a multi-strand stainless steel wire rope with a polytetrafluoroethylene coating on its surface.

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