Modeling method, device, medium and product of ground-air communication system

Abstract

The application provides a modeling method, device, medium and product of a ground-air communication system, the method comprising: obtaining communication configuration parameters of the ground-air communication system, and dividing a target ground-air communication network in the ground-air communication system into multiple communication parts including a transmitting end part, a channel part and a receiving end part, and obtaining communication measurement parameters of each communication part; estimating communication data corresponding to each communication part based on the communication configuration parameters and the communication measurement parameters of each communication part; and constructing a communication model of the ground-air communication system based on the communication data corresponding to each communication part; wherein the application obtains the communication configuration parameters, divides the ground-air communication network into the transmitting end part, the channel part and the receiving end part, obtains the communication measurement parameters of each part for segmented calculation, realizes large-scale modeling, can provide accurate link performance estimation results, and further improves the reliability and performance of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a modeling method, apparatus, medium, and product for an air-to-ground communication system. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in air-to-ground communication systems based on the 3GPP NR (5G) protocol, it is necessary to estimate the performance of the air-to-ground communication system based on the air-to-ground channel model, and verify the functional correctness of the air-to-ground communication system by comparing the performance of the air-to-ground communication system with the measured values, and determine whether the coverage of the air-to-ground communication network is reasonable. Existing technologies mainly realize the construction of the air-to-ground channel model in two ways: one is to construct the air-to-ground channel model by transmitting a known signal at the transmitting end and measuring it at the receiving end; the other is to construct the air-to-ground channel model by using a unified theoretical formula.

[0003] However, the above-mentioned method of transmitting known signals is only applicable to single samples and lacks reusability; the above-mentioned method of constructing through unified theoretical formulas lacks flexibility and cannot effectively cope with changes in aircraft attitude, signal blockage, and changes in multi-input multi-output rank indication; the limitations of the above methods result in the inability of existing modeling methods to accurately estimate the performance of air-to-ground communication systems in high-speed movement and complex environments, thus failing to optimize the coverage and anti-interference capabilities of air-to-ground communication systems, affecting the reliability and performance of air-to-ground communication systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a modeling method, apparatus, medium, and product for an air-to-ground communication system, which can adapt to complex flight trajectories and environmental changes, provide accurate link performance estimation results, and thus improve the reliability and performance of the air-to-ground communication system.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of this application provides a modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system, comprising: acquiring communication configuration parameters of the air-to-ground communication system; dividing the target air-to-ground communication network in the air-to-ground communication system into multiple communication parts including a transmitter part, a channel part, and a receiver part; acquiring communication measurement parameters of each of the communication parts; estimating communication data corresponding to each of the communication parts based on the communication configuration parameters and the communication measurement parameters of each of the communication parts; and constructing a communication model of the air-to-ground communication system based on the communication data corresponding to each of the communication parts.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, a second aspect of this application provides a modeling apparatus for an air-to-ground communication system, comprising: a data acquisition unit, configured to acquire communication configuration parameters of the air-to-ground communication system, and to divide the target air-to-ground communication network in the air-to-ground communication system into multiple communication parts including a transmitter part, a channel part, and a receiver part, and acquire communication measurement parameters of each of the communication parts; a data processing unit, configured to estimate communication data corresponding to each of the communication parts based on the communication configuration parameters and the communication measurement parameters of each of the communication parts; and a model building unit, configured to build a communication model of the air-to-ground communication system based on the communication data corresponding to each of the communication parts.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, a third aspect of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions for performing a modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system as described in any of the first aspects.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, a fourth aspect of the present application provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements a modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system as described in any of the first aspects.

[0009] The modeling method, apparatus, medium, and product for the air-to-ground communication system provided in this application embodiment achieve modeling through the following steps: First, obtain communication configuration parameters and divide the target air-to-ground communication network into three parts: transmitter, channel, and receiver, and collect communication measurement parameters for each part respectively; then, based on the configuration parameters and actual measurement data, estimate the communication data of each part segment by segment, and finally construct a complete communication model. It is understandable that, because this application decomposes the air-to-ground communication system according to the wireless communication system model, dividing the target air-to-ground communication network in the air-to-ground communication system into three communication parts: the transmitting end part, the channel part, and the receiving end part, and the communication configuration parameters and communication measurement parameters of each module are all derived from actual collected data, this application can realize incremental input of actual measurement data in the segmented calculation of each part. Through the principle of segmented calculation and decomposition, the actual measurement data is combined with the configuration parameters to estimate the communication data of each module segment by segment, thereby realizing large-scale modeling of the air-to-ground communication system. The constructed communication model can output performance estimation results that match the air-to-ground communication system, has reusability, and can dynamically adapt to changes in aircraft attitude, signal blockage, and changes in multi-input multi-output rank indication, effectively coping with complex flight trajectories and environmental interference. Furthermore, based on the results of the segmented output of the above communication model, a reliable basis can be provided for the coverage optimization and anti-interference strategy of the air-to-ground communication system. Through model verification results, communication link parameters can be accurately adjusted, thereby improving the reliability and overall performance of the air-to-ground communication system. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for modeling an air-to-ground communication system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0011] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating the method for estimating communication data corresponding to each communication component in a modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0012] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating a method for estimating communication data in the channel portion of a modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0013] Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating a method for estimating communication data at the receiving end in a modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0014] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating a method for obtaining communication data at the receiving end in a modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0015] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating the method for adjusting network coverage in a modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0016] Figure 7 A flowchart illustrating another method for performing network coverage adjustment in a modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0017] Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating the method for network fault identification in a modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a communication model for a modeling method of an air-to-ground communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the modeling process of a modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0021] In some embodiments, although functional modules are divided in the system diagram and a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than the module division in the system or the order in the flowchart. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and the foregoing drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0022] Furthermore, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "connection / linkage" should be interpreted broadly, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a movable connection, a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection or a connection that can communicate with each other; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.

[0023] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the terms "one embodiment / implementation," "another embodiment / implementation," or "some embodiments / implementations," "in the above embodiments / implementations," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with embodiments or examples that are included in at least two embodiments or implementations disclosed in this application. In this application disclosure, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or implementation. It should be noted that although a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than that shown in the flowcharts.

[0024] Currently, in air-to-ground communication systems based on the 3GPP NR (5G) protocol, it is necessary to estimate the performance of the air-to-ground communication system based on an air-to-ground channel model, and verify the functional correctness of the air-to-ground communication system by comparing the performance with measured values, and determine whether the coverage of the air-to-ground communication network is reasonable. Existing technologies mainly construct air-to-ground channel models in two ways: one is to construct the air-to-ground channel model by transmitting a known signal at the transmitter and measuring it at the receiver; the other is to construct the air-to-ground channel model using a unified theoretical formula. However, the method of transmitting a known signal is only applicable to a single sample and lacks reusability; the method of constructing the model using a unified theoretical formula lacks flexibility and cannot effectively cope with changes in aircraft attitude, signal blockage, and changes in MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) rank indication. These limitations mean that existing modeling methods cannot accurately estimate the performance of the air-to-ground communication system in high-speed movement and complex environments, thus failing to optimize the coverage and anti-interference capabilities of the air-to-ground communication system, affecting the reliability and performance of the air-to-ground communication system.

[0025] Based on this, this application discloses a modeling method, apparatus, medium, and product for an air-to-ground communication system. The method includes: acquiring communication configuration parameters of the air-to-ground communication system; dividing the target air-to-ground communication network in the air-to-ground communication system into multiple communication parts, including a transmitter part, a channel part, and a receiver part; acquiring communication measurement parameters for each communication part; estimating the communication data corresponding to each communication part based on the communication configuration parameters and the communication measurement parameters of each communication part; and constructing a communication model of the air-to-ground communication system based on the communication data corresponding to each communication part. This application achieves large-scale modeling by acquiring communication configuration parameters and dividing the air-to-ground communication network into three parts (transmitter, channel, and receiver), and separately acquiring the communication measurement parameters of each part for segmented calculation. This provides accurate link performance estimation results, thereby improving the reliability and performance of the system.

[0026] The embodiments of this application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for modeling an air-to-ground communication system according to an embodiment of this application. The first aspect of this application provides a method for modeling an air-to-ground communication system, which may include, but is not limited to, the following steps;

[0028] Step S110: Obtain the communication configuration parameters of the air-to-ground communication system, and divide the target air-to-ground communication network in the air-to-ground communication system into multiple communication parts including the transmitter part, the channel part and the receiver part, and obtain the communication measurement parameters of each communication part.

[0029] Step S120: Based on the communication configuration parameters and the communication measurement parameters of each communication part, estimate the communication data corresponding to each communication part respectively;

[0030] Step S130: Construct a communication model for the air-to-ground communication system based on the communication data corresponding to each communication component.

[0031] Based on the above steps S110 to S130, this application can first obtain communication configuration parameters and divide the target air-to-ground communication network into three parts: the transmitter, the channel, and the receiver, and collect communication measurement parameters for each part respectively; then, based on the configuration parameters and actual measurement data, the communication data of each part is estimated segment by segment, and finally a complete communication model is constructed. It is understandable that, because this application decomposes the air-to-ground communication system according to the wireless communication system model, dividing the target air-to-ground communication network in the air-to-ground communication system into three communication parts: the transmitting end part, the channel part, and the receiving end part, and the communication configuration parameters and communication measurement parameters of each module are all derived from actual collected data, this application can realize incremental input of actual measurement data in the segmented calculation of each part. Through the principle of segmented calculation and decomposition, the actual measurement data is combined with the configuration parameters to estimate the communication data of each module segment by segment, thereby realizing large-scale modeling of the air-to-ground communication system. The constructed communication model can output performance estimation results that match the air-to-ground communication system, has reusability, and can dynamically adapt to changes in aircraft attitude, signal blockage, and changes in multi-input multi-output rank indication, effectively coping with complex flight trajectories and environmental interference. Furthermore, based on the results of the segmented output of the above communication model, a reliable basis can be provided for the coverage optimization and anti-interference strategy of the air-to-ground communication system. Through model verification results, communication link parameters can be accurately adjusted, thereby improving the reliability and overall performance of the air-to-ground communication system.

[0032] In some embodiments, the air-to-ground communication system can be a 3GPP NR (5G) system, referring to a system for communication between the ground and an aircraft, used to transmit information such as data, voice, or video. Communication configuration parameters refer to various settings and parameters required to establish and maintain a communication link, such as operating frequency, transmit power, and antenna gain. These determine the system's operation and performance. It is understood that this application decomposes the 3GPP NR (5G) system based on a wireless communication system model, combines it with measured wireless channel parameters, and adopts a segmented calculation and decomposition guarantee principle to complete large-scale modeling of receiver air interface power and system traffic estimation.

[0033] The target air-to-ground communication network in the air-to-ground communication system is divided into a transmitting end, a channel end, and a receiving end. The transmitting end refers to the part of the air-to-ground communication system responsible for transmitting signals, and may include components such as transmitters and antennas. The channel end refers to the physical path that the signal takes from the transmitting end to the receiving end, as well as all the interference and attenuation that may be encountered in this process. It can cover various factors in the radio signal propagation process, such as atmospheric attenuation, reflection, and scattering. The receiving end refers to the part of the air-to-ground communication system responsible for receiving signals, and may include components such as antennas and receivers.

[0034] It is understandable that the target air-to-ground communication network is divided into three parts: the transmitter, the channel, and the receiver. Communication measurement parameters of each part are collected. These communication measurement parameters are data obtained through actual measurements and are used to describe the actual state of the communication link, including but not limited to signal strength, noise level, and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio. This allows the present application to estimate the communication data corresponding to each communication part. Based on the acquired communication configuration parameters and measurement parameters, the working state and performance indicators of each communication part are calculated and predicted. Furthermore, by integrating the data obtained in the above steps, a complete model is formed. This model can simulate and predict the operation of the entire air-to-ground communication system, including key performance indicators such as signal transmission quality, coverage, and anti-interference capability. This allows those skilled in the art to compare the measured data and theoretical data at key points to discover link performance estimation and coverage issues in air-to-ground communication.

[0035] In some embodiments, the air-to-ground communication system of this application can be applied to air-to-ground communication scenarios such as ATG, NTN, and low-altitude flight based on the 3GPP NR (5G) protocol. Long-distance coverage requires beamforming at both the transmitting and receiving ends, the introduction of external radio frequency gain amplification equipment, and the presence of spectrum interference, signal obstruction, and changes in MIMO RI. Existing air-to-ground communication modeling cannot meet the above characteristics. Therefore, this application achieves incremental input of actual measurement data in the segmented calculation of each part. Through the principle of segmented calculation and decomposition, the actual measurement data is combined with the configuration parameters to estimate the communication data of each module segment by segment.

[0036] refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating the method for estimating communication data corresponding to each communication component in a modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system provided in one embodiment of this application; in some embodiments, estimating communication data corresponding to each communication component based on communication configuration parameters and communication measurement parameters of each communication component may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0037] Step S210: Obtain the transmission parameters and flight trajectory parameters from the communication measurement parameters of the transmitting end section;

[0038] Step S220: Estimate the communication data of the transmitting end based on the communication configuration parameters and transmission parameters;

[0039] Step S230: Estimate the communication data of the channel section based on the communication configuration parameters, the communication data of the transmitter section, and the flight trajectory parameters;

[0040] Step S240: Estimate the communication data of the receiving end based on the communication data of the channel part, the communication measurement parameters of the channel part, and the communication measurement parameters of the receiving end part.

[0041] In some embodiments, communication configuration parameters are the system's preset technical specifications and operating parameters used to define the system's performance boundaries, and may include, but are not limited to, the following: NR system parameters, transmitter parameters, receiver parameters, measured wireless channel parameters, and flight trajectory parameters.

[0042] The transmission parameters may include information such as transmission power, antenna angle information, and transmitter beamform gain table. The flight trajectory parameters may include information such as the aircraft's three-dimensional GNSS information and antenna angle information. Specifically, this application can obtain the transmission parameters and flight trajectory parameters by collecting the current transmission power of the transmitter equipment, the antenna angle information, and the aircraft's real-time position and attitude angle and other communication measurement parameters.

[0043] In some embodiments, the communication data of the transmitter includes the transmit power of the transmitter's radio frequency output. Corresponding to step S220, the transmitter power and transmitter beaming gain of the NR protocol system can be obtained according to the NR system parameters in the communication configuration parameters. Then, the transmit power of the transmitter's radio frequency output can be estimated based on the transmitter power and transmitter beaming gain. Here, the transmitter power is the output power of the transmitter, in dBm. The transmitter beaming gain depends on the transmit channel unit gain and the baseband beam gain. The corresponding gain value needs to be found in the beaming gain table. The transmit power can be estimated using the following formula: Transmit power estimation = Transmit power + Transmit beaming gain.

[0044] In some embodiments, this application sequentially estimates the performance of the transmitting end, the channel, and the receiving end, and then performs another estimation based on the previously estimated communication data during subsequent data processing in the communication end, thereby achieving segmented calculation. The specific process is as follows: First, the transmitting end can perform preliminary calculations based on its configuration parameter data; further, taking the calculation results of the transmitting end as input, considering the characteristics of the wireless channel, a large-scale path loss model and other relevant formulas are used to estimate the changes the signal undergoes during propagation; further, the receiving end further estimates the performance indicators of the receiver based on parameters such as the received signal strength, signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, and interference level, thereby achieving segmentation of the estimated performance results.

[0045] Understandably, because this application divides the entire communication link into multiple independent but interconnected parts based on the decomposition guarantee principle, each part has a clear function and computational task, which simplifies the analysis process of complex systems. Furthermore, at each stage, new actual measurement data can be introduced or existing data can be updated. For example, if the path loss in a specific area is found to be greater than expected, the corresponding parameter values ​​can be adjusted in subsequent calculations to more accurately reflect the actual situation. In this way, actual measurement data and communication configuration parameters can be integrated to fully utilize the measured data and improve the accuracy of the results.

[0046] In some embodiments, the communication measurement parameters of the transmitting end portion include the transmission parameters of the signal transmitting end and the flight trajectory parameters of the aircraft corresponding to the signal transmitting end. Therefore, corresponding to steps S210 to S240, this application can estimate the communication data of the transmitting end portion based on the communication configuration parameters and transmission parameters; estimate the communication data of the channel portion based on the communication data of the transmitting end portion and the flight trajectory parameters; and estimate the communication data of the receiving end portion based on the communication data of the channel portion, the communication measurement parameters of the channel portion, and the communication measurement parameters of the receiving end portion.

[0047] Understandably, when calculating the transmit power of the transmitter's RF output, the transmitter power in the communication configuration parameters is first required. This power value is determined by the system's pre-set technical specifications. At the same time, the antenna angle information also needs to be considered. This information helps determine the optimal transmission direction of the signal, thereby optimizing the transmitter's performance. In addition, the transmission parameters include the antenna's three-dimensional spatial GNSS information and antenna angle information. The transmitter's beamforming gain depends on the transmit channel element gain and the baseband beam gain. By consulting the beamforming gain table, the gain values ​​under different beam configurations can be obtained. By adding the transmitter power and the transmitter's beamforming gain, the estimated transmit power of the transmitter's RF output can be obtained. This estimated transmit power is the output power of the transmitter section and is also one of the communication data of the transmitter section, used to reflect the actual output capability of the transmitter under a specific configuration.

[0048] refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 The flowchart illustrates a method for estimating communication data in the channel portion of a modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system provided in one embodiment of this application. In some embodiments, estimating the communication data in the channel portion based on communication configuration parameters, communication data from the transmitting end, and flight trajectory parameters may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0049] Step S310: Calculate the path loss value based on the communication configuration parameters and flight trajectory parameters;

[0050] Step S320: Estimate the received power of the reference signal in the communication data of the channel section based on the communication data and path loss value of the transmitting end section;

[0051] Step S330: Estimate the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) in the communication data of the channel section based on the reference signal received power and communication configuration parameters.

[0052] In some embodiments, corresponding to step S310, the process of calculating the path loss value based on communication configuration parameters and flight trajectory parameters may include: determining the signal transmission frequency (f) and distance (d) based on the operating frequency band in the communication configuration parameters and the aircraft position information in the flight trajectory parameters; and using the formula: ALog(f)+BLog(d)+Cf+Dd+E, where parameters A, B, C, D, and E are obtained by cumulative fitting of field data, to calculate the path loss value.

[0053] Understandably, based on the operating frequency band in the communication configuration parameters and the aircraft position information in the flight trajectory parameters, the frequency and distance of signal transmission are determined, and the path loss value is calculated using the large-scale fading path loss model formula, which takes into account factors such as flight altitude, terrain features, and weather information.

[0054] In some embodiments, corresponding to step S320, the communication data of the channel portion includes first communication data RSRP and second communication data SINR. RSRP is the reference signal received power in the communication data of the channel portion, and SINR is the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio in the communication data of the channel portion. The process of estimating the reference signal received power in the communication data of the channel portion based on the communication data of the transmitting end portion and the path loss value may include: RSRP = output power of the transmitting end portion - large-scale path loss value, or RSRP = output power of the transmitting end portion - large-scale path loss value - cloud layer loss for ground-to-air communication.

[0055] Understandably, the RSRP estimate of the wireless channel port is obtained by subtracting the path loss value from the communication data at the transmitting end. If there is cloud layer loss in the air-to-ground communication, this loss can be further subtracted.

[0056] In some embodiments, corresponding to step S330, the process of estimating the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) in the communication data of the channel portion based on the reference signal received power and communication configuration parameters may include: calculating the natural noise power based on the reference signal received power RSRP and the operating bandwidth in the communication configuration parameters; subtracting the natural noise power and the measured interference NI from RSRP to obtain the SINR. Specifically, the estimated SINR dB value = estimated SINR dB value + receiver antenna gain - (RF noise figure + RF noise floor rise). The receiver antenna gain can be determined by considering the independent antenna array gain and active gain of each antenna when using a directional antenna, the gain of other receiver devices at each stage, and the line loss of the interconnections between devices; when using an omnidirectional antenna, the gain of each receiver device at each stage and the line loss of the interconnections between devices need to be considered. The RF noise figure can be obtained by superimposing the noise figures of each receiver device at each stage. The RF noise floor rise can be determined by considering the array antenna gain and the total gain value when using a directional antenna, and the active gain value when using an omnidirectional antenna.

[0057] In some embodiments, specifically, the signal power value is calculated based on the number of subcarriers corresponding to the NR operating bandwidth; the natural noise power estimate is calculated based on the natural noise floor of 174 dBm / Hz and the subcarrier spacing of the NR; and the measured interference NI rise is calculated based on the measured noise floor rise and interference in the application scenario.

[0058] It is understood that through the above steps, this application can estimate the communication data of the channel part based on the communication configuration parameters, the communication data of the transmitter part, and the flight trajectory parameters. By calculating the path loss value, the reference signal received power, and the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, the channel communication part in the modeling process of the entire air-to-ground communication system is established, enabling this application to more effectively adapt to complex flight environments and changing communication conditions, and ensure the quality and performance of the communication link.

[0059] refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 The flowchart illustrates a method for estimating communication data at the receiving end in a modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system provided in one embodiment of this application. In some embodiments, estimating the communication data at the receiving end based on communication data at the channel end, communication measurement parameters at the channel end, and communication measurement parameters at the receiving end may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0060] Step S410: Obtain channel parameters from the communication measurement parameters of the channel section, and obtain reception parameters from the communication measurement parameters of the receiving end section.

[0061] Step S420: Estimate the communication data of the antenna radio frequency component in the receiving end section based on the communication data and receiving parameters of the channel section;

[0062] Step S430: Estimate the communication data of the baseband component in the receiver section based on the communication data of the antenna radio frequency component and the channel parameters;

[0063] Step S440: Obtain the communication data of the receiving end part based on the communication data of the antenna radio frequency component and the communication data of the baseband component.

[0064] In some embodiments, the communication data of the receiving end portion is estimated based on the communication data of the channel portion, the communication measurement parameters of the channel portion, and the communication measurement parameters of the receiving end portion. Based on step S410, this application can obtain channel parameters from the communication measurement parameters of the channel portion and receive parameters from the communication measurement parameters of the receiving end portion. These channel parameters may include reference signal received power (RSRP), natural noise power, and measured interference NI rise, etc.; while the receive parameters may include receiving antenna gain, radio frequency noise figure, and radio frequency noise floor rise, etc.

[0065] In some embodiments, based on step S420, this application can estimate the communication data of the antenna radio frequency components in the receiver section based on the communication data and receiving parameters of the channel section. A preliminary SINR value is obtained by subtracting the natural noise power and the measured interference NI from the RSRP of the channel section, and further corrected by combining the receiver antenna gain and other relevant parameters, thereby obtaining more accurate radio frequency component communication data.

[0066] In some embodiments, based on step S410, this application can use the communication data of the antenna radio frequency component and channel parameters to estimate the communication data of the baseband component in the receiver section. By considering factors such as radio frequency noise figure and radio frequency noise floor rise, it can be ensured that the final baseband component communication data can reflect the performance indicators under actual reception conditions. By combining the SINR value of the antenna radio frequency component, after calculation and adjustment, the final communication data of the baseband component is obtained.

[0067] In some embodiments, based on step S440, this application can obtain the communication data of the receiving end portion based on the communication data of the antenna radio frequency component and the communication data of the baseband component.

[0068] refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 The flowchart illustrates a method for obtaining communication data at the receiving end in a modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system provided in one embodiment of this application. In some embodiments, obtaining the communication data at the receiving end based on the communication data of the antenna radio frequency component and the communication data of the baseband component may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0069] Step S510: Obtain the radio frequency signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (RFSI) value from the communication data of the receiving end portion of the antenna RF component.

[0070] Step S520: Obtain the baseband outgoing traffic value from the communication data of the receiving end portion of the baseband component's communication data.

[0071] In some embodiments, based on the above steps S510 and S520, this application can extract the radio frequency signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (RFSI) value from the communication data of the receiving end portion from the communication data of the antenna RF component. The RFSI value reflects the quality of the received signal. Furthermore, the baseband outgoing flow rate value is extracted from the communication data of the baseband component. The baseband outgoing flow rate value is used to measure the data transmission capability of the system in practical applications, providing an important basis for subsequent network optimization and fault diagnosis.

[0072] In some embodiments, specifically, the RF signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SNR) dB value = estimated channel SNR dB value + receiver antenna gain - (RF noise figure + RF noise floor rise), where the receiver antenna gain, when using a directional receiver antenna, needs to consider the independent antenna array gain and active gain of each antenna, the gain of other receiver devices at each level, and the line loss of the interconnections between devices; when using an omnidirectional receiver antenna, it needs to consider the gain of each receiver device at each level and the line loss of the interconnections between devices; the RF noise figure needs to consider the summation of the noise figures of each receiver device at each level; the RF noise floor rise, when using a directional receiver antenna, needs to consider the array antenna gain and the total gain value; when using an omnidirectional receiver antenna, it needs to consider the active gain value; furthermore, the baseband outgoing flow rate corresponding to the RF SNR value can be obtained by looking up a table of theoretical flow rates.

[0073] In some embodiments, after constructing a communication model of the air-to-ground communication system based on the communication data corresponding to each communication component, the method further includes: performing preset network functions based on the communication model of the air-to-ground communication system. The network functions include at least one of the following: network coverage adjustment and network fault identification. It is understood that after constructing a communication model of the air-to-ground communication system based on the communication data corresponding to each communication component, the method further includes performing preset network functions based on the communication model. These network functions include at least network coverage adjustment and network fault identification.

[0074] refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating a method for adjusting network coverage in a modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system provided in one embodiment of this application; in some embodiments, the process of adjusting network coverage based on the communication model of the air-to-ground communication system may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0075] Step S610: Obtain communication data of the channel portion based on the communication model of the air-to-ground communication system;

[0076] Step S620: The communication data of the channel portion is checked based on a preset coverage power threshold to obtain the first verification result;

[0077] Step S630: Adjust network coverage based on the first verification result.

[0078] In some embodiments, the process of adjusting network coverage based on the communication model of the air-to-ground communication system may include multiple steps. In step S610, communication data of the channel portion is acquired based on the communication model of the air-to-ground communication system. This data includes signal strength, path loss, and other key parameters affecting signal transmission. In step S620, the communication data of the channel portion is verified based on a preset coverage power threshold to obtain a first verification result. This process compares the actual measured signal strength with the preset coverage power threshold to determine whether the current network coverage meets the requirements. In step S630, network coverage adjustment is performed based on the first verification result. If the signal strength in certain areas is found to be lower than the set threshold, the coverage effect in those areas can be optimized by adjusting the base station's transmit power, antenna angle, or other parameters. Specifically, this application can compare the estimated RSRP value of the wireless channel port at each point of the flight path with the system design coverage power threshold. If the estimated value is lower than the system design coverage power threshold, there may be a risk of NR link failure. The GNSS latitude, longitude, and altitude coordinates of the areas with abnormal coverage of the air-to-ground communication network are identified.

[0079] refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 The following is a flowchart of another method for performing network coverage adjustment in the modeling method of the air-to-ground communication system provided in one embodiment of this application; in some embodiments, the receiving end includes an antenna radio frequency component and a baseband component, and the communication data of the antenna radio frequency component is used to estimate the communication data of the baseband component. The process of performing network coverage adjustment based on the communication model of the air-to-ground communication system may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0080] Step S710: Obtain communication data from the receiving end based on the communication model of the air-to-ground communication system, and obtain communication data of the antenna radio frequency component from the communication data of the receiving end.

[0081] Step S720: The communication data of the antenna radio frequency component is checked based on the preset receiver demodulation threshold to obtain the second verification result.

[0082] Step S730: Adjust network coverage based on the second verification result.

[0083] In some embodiments, when the receiving end portion is involved, this portion includes an antenna radio frequency component and a baseband component, wherein the communication data of the antenna radio frequency component is used to estimate the communication data of the baseband component. The process of performing network coverage adjustment based on the communication model of the air-to-ground communication system can be further refined: In step S710, the communication data of the receiving end portion is obtained based on the communication model of the air-to-ground communication system, and the communication data of the antenna radio frequency component is extracted from it. This data reflects information such as the received signal quality and strength; in step S720, the communication data of the antenna radio frequency component is checked based on a preset receiving end demodulation threshold to obtain a second verification result. This process aims to ensure that the received signal quality meets the system requirements; in step S730, network coverage adjustment is performed based on the second verification result. For example, if the demodulation threshold of the receiver in a certain area does not meet the requirements, it may be necessary to adjust the location or configuration of the receiver equipment to ensure that the signal quality meets the expected standard. Specifically, this application can compare the estimated SINR of the receiver RF output at each point of the flight path with the minimum demodulation threshold of the system design receiver. If the RSRP is lower than the threshold, the transmit power is increased and the model is recalculated. If the estimated value is lower than the minimum demodulation threshold of the system design receiver, there may be a risk of NR link breakage. The application identifies the GNSS latitude, longitude and altitude coordinates of the areas with abnormal interference in the air-to-ground communication network.

[0084] refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 The flowchart illustrates a method for network fault identification in a modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system provided in one embodiment of this application. In some embodiments, the receiving end includes an antenna radio frequency component and a baseband component. The communication data from the antenna radio frequency component is used to estimate the communication data from the baseband component. The process of performing network fault identification based on the communication model of the air-to-ground communication system may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0085] Step S810: Obtain communication data from the receiving end based on the communication model of the air-to-ground communication system, and obtain communication data from the baseband component from the communication data of the receiving end.

[0086] Step S820: Analyze and process the communication data of the baseband component based on preset air-to-ground communication traffic data to obtain analysis results;

[0087] Step S830: Identify network faults based on the analysis results.

[0088] In some embodiments, for network fault identification, based on steps S810 to S830, this application can obtain communication data from the receiving end portion based on the communication model of the air-to-ground communication system, and extract the communication data of the baseband component from it. Then, the communication data of the baseband component is analyzed and processed using preset air-to-ground communication traffic data to obtain analysis results. Through this analysis result, it is possible to identify whether a network fault exists. For example, if the measured traffic is lower than the preset theoretical value, the antenna calibration process is triggered. If the actual traffic is significantly lower than the theoretical traffic, or if there are frequent transmission errors, this may indicate that there is a fault point in the system, which requires further investigation and repair.

[0089] It is worth noting that through the above steps, this application can construct a complete communication model for an air-to-ground communication system and utilize this model to execute preset network functions, such as network coverage adjustment and network fault identification, thereby improving the system's reliability and performance. This method can not only dynamically adapt to complex flight environments and changing communication conditions, but also ensure the quality and stability of the communication link. By conducting detailed analysis and processing of data from each communication component, potential problems can be identified and resolved in a timely manner, thus ensuring the efficient operation of the entire system. Specifically, the estimated flow rate at the baseband exit point of the receiving end at each point along the flight path is the theoretical flow rate at that flight point. If the estimated theoretical flow rate is basically consistent with the measured flow rate trend of air-to-ground communication, the correctness of the air-to-ground communication system's service channel transceiver function can be determined. The difference between the theoretical flow rate and the measured flow rate yields a quantitative value for system performance improvement. If the trends are inconsistent or there are abnormal points, then the system's service channel transceiver function should be abnormal.

[0090] refer to Figure 9 , Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a communication model for a ground-to-air communication system modeling method provided in an embodiment of this application. Point A is the transmitter's radio frequency (RF) exit, point B is the wireless channel port, point C is the receiver's RF entry, and point D is the receiver's baseband exit. It can be understood that point A refers to the location of the transmitter's RF exit, where the signal has been modulated and amplified to an appropriate power level for transmission. Point B is located at the wireless channel entry, which is the first evaluation point for the signal after it leaves the transmitter and enters free space for propagation. Point C refers to the location where the signal reaches the receiver's RF entry; before this, it may have undergone multiple reflections, scattering, and other complex processes. Point D is the last step in the signal processing flow, i.e., the output point after baseband processing, where the data has been decoded into a usable format.

[0091] In some embodiments, corresponding Figure 9This application can obtain communication measurement parameters for each communication part based on the communication configuration parameters of the air-to-ground communication system and by dividing the target air-to-ground communication network in the system into multiple communication parts, including a transmitter part, a channel part, and a receiver part. This process first requires obtaining the communication configuration parameters of the air-to-ground communication system, which typically include, but are not limited to, key information such as transmit power, antenna gain, and frequency allocation. Next, the target air-to-ground communication network in the system is divided into a transmitter part, a channel part, and a receiver part, and the communication measurement parameters for each communication part are obtained separately. These measurement parameters may include signal strength, path loss, and noise level.

[0092] Furthermore, in the transmitting end section, corresponding to Figure 9 At point A, the RF output power and estimated transmit power of the transmitter are estimated using parameters such as transmit power and antenna gain; in the channel section, corresponding to... Figure 9 At point B, the estimated values ​​of the reference signal received power (RSRP) and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) are calculated using parameters such as path loss and noise level. At the receiver, the process is further subdivided into antenna RF components and baseband components. Figure 9 At point C, the SINR value of the receiver's RF output is estimated using parameters such as antenna gain and noise figure, and the corresponding... Figure 9 At point D, the estimated flow rate of the receiver's baseband output is calculated using the baseband processing capability.

[0093] Understandably, constructing a communication model for an air-to-ground communication system based on the communication data corresponding to each communication component integrates data from the transmitter, channel, and receiver, thus comprehensively reflecting the performance of the entire communication link. In this way, this application achieves large-scale modeling, providing accurate link performance estimation results. This ensures that the communication data of each component is calculated and integrated in detail throughout the entire process from transmitter to receiver, thereby guaranteeing the accuracy of the model and improving the system's reliability and performance.

[0094] refer to Figure 10 , Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the modeling process for a ground-to-air communication system provided in one embodiment of this application. In some embodiments, it is understood that after constructing the communication model of the ground-to-air communication system based on the communication data corresponding to each communication component, this application can perform network coverage adjustment and network fault identification to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the ground-to-air communication system. For example, by estimating the RSRP value of the wireless channel port, the rationality of the ground-to-air communication network coverage can be evaluated. The estimated RSRP value is compared with the system design coverage power, and the network coverage is adjusted according to the verification results. By estimating the SINR value of the receiver's RF output, the rationality of the ground-to-air communication network interference can be evaluated. The estimated SINR value is compared with the system design receiver's minimum demodulation threshold, and the network coverage is adjusted according to the verification results. By estimating the flow rate value of the receiver's baseband output, the functional correctness of the ground-to-air communication system can be analyzed. The estimated flow rate value is compared with the actual ground-to-air communication flow rate, and functional faults are identified according to the analysis results.

[0095] In some embodiments, when performing preset network functions based on the communication model of the air-to-ground communication system, performing rationality verification, and adjusting network coverage based on the rationality verification analysis results, the method also includes identifying and analyzing coverage anomaly areas of the air-to-ground communication network. Specifically, this method can obtain the GNSS latitude, longitude, and elevation coordinates of the coverage anomaly areas, as well as the network cell site information, and further analyze the consistency between the site power, antenna pointing, and theoretical planning values. If deviations are found between the actual parameters and the theoretical planning, network coverage should be adjusted based on these data, such as by optimizing the base station transmit power or repositioning the antenna direction to improve the coverage effect. For interference anomaly areas, it is also necessary to obtain their GNSS latitude, longitude, and elevation coordinates and network cell site information to determine whether the problem is caused by excessively low RSRP or excessively high NI. Based on the analysis results, the network coverage strength can be enhanced or the process of finding and eliminating interference sources can be initiated.

[0096] In some embodiments, when performing preset network functions, conducting functional accuracy analysis, and identifying functional faults based on the functional accuracy analysis results in a communication model based on an air-to-ground communication system, the method further includes triggering the execution of corresponding performance improvement analysis when a significant change in system performance is detected. In the air-to-ground communication modeling tool based on the NR system, the method simulates the signal transmission characteristics in the actual communication environment based on the shaped gain of directional antennas at both the transmitting and receiving ends, and uses measured NI and measured RI as inputs, thereby further improving the accuracy and practicality of the model.

[0097] In summary, compared with existing technologies, this application, in handling long-distance air-to-ground communication scenarios, adds directional antenna-related shaping gain to the transmitting and receiving ends and considers interference NI increase dB value, which enables more accurate modeling of large-scale air-to-ground communication channels. This not only improves the accuracy of the model but also enhances its adaptability to complex flight environments. It can be applied to air-to-ground communication drive test software applications based on the 3GPP NR (5G) protocol, as well as ATG (Air-to-Ground), NTN (Non-Terrestrial Networks), and low-altitude flight scenarios, thereby providing reliable support and services in various application scenarios and ensuring the quality and stability of air-to-ground communication links.

[0098] A second aspect of this application provides a modeling apparatus for an air-to-ground communication system, comprising: a data acquisition unit, configured to acquire communication configuration parameters of the air-to-ground communication system, and to divide the target air-to-ground communication network in the air-to-ground communication system into multiple communication parts including a transmitter part, a channel part, and a receiver part, and acquire communication measurement parameters of each communication part; a data processing unit, configured to estimate the communication data corresponding to each communication part based on the communication configuration parameters and the communication measurement parameters of each communication part; and a model building unit, configured to build a communication model of the air-to-ground communication system based on the communication data corresponding to each communication part.

[0099] In some embodiments, since the modeling apparatus for the air-to-ground communication system of this application can execute the modeling method for the air-to-ground communication system of the above embodiments, the specific implementation and technical effects of the modeling apparatus for the air-to-ground communication system of this application can refer to the specific implementation and technical effects of the modeling method for the air-to-ground communication system of any of the above embodiments.

[0100] A third aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions for performing a modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system as described in any of the first aspects, for example, performing the above-described... Figure 1 Method steps S110 to S130, Figure 2 Method steps S210 to S240, Figure 2 Method steps S310 to S330, Figure 4 Method steps S410 to S440, Figure 5 Method steps S510 to S520, Figure 6 Method steps S610 to S630, Figure 7 Method steps S710 to S730, Figure 8 Method steps S810 to S830.

[0101] A fourth aspect of this application provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements a modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system as described in any of the first aspects. For example, it executes the above-described... Figure 1 Method steps S110 to S130, Figure 2 Method steps S210 to S240, Figure 2 Method steps S310 to S330, Figure 4 Method steps S410 to S440, Figure 5 Method steps S510 to S520, Figure 6 Method steps S610 to S630, Figure 7 Method steps S710 to S730, Figure 8 Method steps S810 to S830.

[0102] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network nodes. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0103] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or some of the steps and systems in the methods disclosed above can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and suitable combinations thereof. Some or all of the physical components can be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, digital signal processor, or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application-specific integrated circuit. Such software can be distributed on a computer-readable medium, which can include computer-readable storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transient media). As is known to those skilled in the art, the term computer-readable storage media includes volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storing information (such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data). Computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical disc storage, magnetic cartridges, magnetic tape, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired information and is accessible to a computer. Furthermore, as is known to those skilled in the art, communication media typically contain computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in modulated data signals such as carrier waves or other transmission mechanisms, and may include any information delivery medium.

[0104] The above is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of this application. However, this application is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of this application. All such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system, comprising: The communication configuration parameters of the air-to-ground communication system are obtained, and the target air-to-ground communication network in the air-to-ground communication system is divided into multiple communication parts including a transmitter part, a channel part, and a receiver part, and the communication measurement parameters of each of the communication parts are obtained. Based on the communication configuration parameters and the communication measurement parameters of each of the communication parts, the communication data corresponding to each of the communication parts is estimated respectively; The communication model of the air-to-ground communication system is constructed based on the communication data corresponding to each of the communication components.

2. The modeling method of a ground-air communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of estimating the communication data corresponding to each communication component based on the communication configuration parameters and the communication measurement parameters of each communication component includes: The transmission parameters and flight trajectory parameters are obtained from the communication measurement parameters of the transmitting end section; The communication data of the transmitting end portion is estimated based on the communication configuration parameters and the transmission parameters; The communication data of the channel portion is estimated based on the communication configuration parameters, the communication data of the transmitting end portion, and the flight trajectory parameters; The communication data of the receiving end portion is estimated based on the communication data of the channel portion, the communication measurement parameters of the channel portion, and the communication measurement parameters of the receiving end portion.

3. The modeling method of a ground-air communication system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of estimating the communication data of the channel portion based on the communication configuration parameters, the communication data of the transmitting end portion, and the flight trajectory parameters includes: Calculate the path loss value based on the communication configuration parameters and the flight trajectory parameters; The reference signal received power in the communication data of the channel section is estimated based on the communication data of the transmitting end section and the path loss value; The signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) in the communication data of the channel portion is estimated based on the reference signal received power and the communication configuration parameters.

4. The modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of estimating the communication data of the receiving end portion based on the communication data of the channel portion, the communication measurement parameters of the channel portion, and the communication measurement parameters of the receiving end portion includes: Channel parameters are obtained from the communication measurement parameters of the channel section, and reception parameters are obtained from the communication measurement parameters of the receiving end section. The communication data of the antenna radio frequency component in the receiving end section is estimated based on the communication data of the channel section and the receiving parameters; The communication data of the baseband component in the receiving end section is estimated based on the communication data of the antenna radio frequency component and the channel parameters. The communication data of the receiving end portion is obtained based on the communication data of the antenna radio frequency component and the communication data of the baseband component.

5. The modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the communication data of the receiving end portion based on the communication data of the antenna radio frequency component and the communication data of the baseband component includes: The radio frequency signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (RFSNR) value in the communication data of the receiving end portion is obtained from the communication data of the antenna RF component. The baseband outgoing traffic value is obtained from the communication data of the receiving end portion of the baseband component.

6. The modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, After constructing the communication model of the air-to-ground communication system based on the communication data corresponding to each of the communication components, the method further includes: Based on the communication model of the air-to-ground communication system, preset network functions are executed, and the network functions include at least one of the following: network coverage adjustment and network fault identification.

7. The modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The process of adjusting network coverage based on the communication model of the aforementioned air-to-ground communication system includes: The communication data of the channel portion is obtained based on the communication model of the air-to-ground communication system. The communication data of the channel portion is verified based on a preset coverage power threshold to obtain a first verification result; Network coverage adjustments are made based on the first verification result.

8. The modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The receiving end includes an antenna radio frequency component and a baseband component. The communication data of the antenna radio frequency component is used to estimate the communication data of the baseband component. The process of performing network coverage adjustment based on the communication model of the air-to-ground communication system includes: Based on the communication model of the air-to-ground communication system, the communication data of the receiving end part is obtained, and the communication data of the antenna radio frequency component is obtained from the communication data of the receiving end part. The communication data of the antenna radio frequency component is verified based on a preset receiver demodulation threshold to obtain a second verification result. Network coverage adjustments are made based on the second verification result.

9. The modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The receiving end includes an antenna radio frequency component and a baseband component. The communication data of the antenna radio frequency component is used to estimate the communication data of the baseband component. A network fault identification process is performed based on the communication model of the air-to-ground communication system, including: Based on the communication model of the air-to-ground communication system, the communication data of the receiving end part is obtained, and the communication data of the baseband component is obtained from the communication data of the receiving end part. The communication data of the baseband component is analyzed and processed based on preset air-to-ground communication traffic data to obtain analysis results; Network faults are identified based on the analysis results.

10. A modeling device for an air-to-ground communication system, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition unit is used to acquire the communication configuration parameters of the air-to-ground communication system, and to divide the target air-to-ground communication network in the air-to-ground communication system into multiple communication parts including a transmitter part, a channel part and a receiver part, and acquire the communication measurement parameters of each of the communication parts. A data processing unit is configured to estimate the communication data corresponding to each of the communication parts based on the communication configuration parameters and the communication measurement parameters of each of the communication parts. The model building unit is used to build a communication model of the air-to-ground communication system based on the communication data corresponding to each of the communication components.

11. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions for performing a modeling method for an air-to-ground communication system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

12. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the modeling method for the air-to-ground communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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