Low-voltage static voltage stabilizer switching method and system based on bidirectional thyristor

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a low-voltage static voltage stabilizer switching method and system based on bidirectional thyristor, which comprises the following steps: connecting the low-voltage static voltage stabilizer switching system based on bidirectional thyristor to a low-voltage power grid power supply, and collecting a target signal in real time; determining the voltage state, phase state, load state and fault state of the system based on the target signal; generating an adaptive switching control instruction based on the voltage state, phase state, load state and fault state; controlling the bidirectional thyristor switching module to perform a phase-synchronous loop switching operation within a preset commutation overlap angle range based on the adaptive switching control instruction; and controlling the low-voltage stabilizing module to perform closed-loop stabilizing regulation to stabilize the output voltage after the switching operation is completed. The technical scheme provided by the application can solve the problems of slow switching response, large voltage fluctuation, poor coordination, weak adaptability and high power consumption, and provides a precise and reliable stabilizing switching scheme for a low-voltage power supply system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of low-voltage power supply regulation technology, and particularly relates to a switching method and system for low-voltage static regulators based on bidirectional thyristors. Background Technology

[0002] The voltage stability at the low-voltage distribution terminals of a power system directly affects the operational safety and lifespan of electrical equipment. As a core safety device, the switching performance (response speed, smoothness) and voltage regulation accuracy of low-voltage static voltage regulators are crucial in determining power supply quality. Traditional low-voltage static voltage regulators often use mechanical contacts, electromagnetic relays, or single thyristors for switching, which suffer from inherent defects such as switching lag, large voltage fluctuations, contact erosion, and harmonic interference. Existing bidirectional thyristor switching schemes face problems such as insufficient phase synchronization, poor coordination between switching and voltage regulation, weak three-phase compatibility, and imperfect power consumption control, failing to meet the multi-objective requirements of modern low-voltage power supply systems for rapid, seamless switching, high-precision voltage regulation, and low-power operation.

[0003] Existing technologies, such as CN202422155302.8, describe a novel voltage monitoring and high / low voltage switching circuit. The specific technical solution is as follows: Through the coordinated operation of a zero-crossing detection circuit and a thyristor voltage regulation circuit, real-time monitoring and automatic switching of the input AC voltage are achieved. This circuit uses the live and neutral wires as input terminals. It acquires the grid voltage signal through a VOL_AD circuit to determine whether the current voltage is in the low or high voltage range. Subsequently, the control circuit drives the voltage regulation module composed of a bidirectional trigger diode DB1 and a thyristor SCR2 to precisely trigger the thyristor's conduction angle at the zero-crossing point, thereby dynamically adjusting the amplitude of the output DC voltage and achieving contactless, low-loss high / low voltage switching without the need for mechanical relays.

[0004] Existing technologies lack an adaptive synchronization mechanism for grid voltage and current phases, and the switching module and voltage regulation module lack coordinated control logic. Furthermore, they do not have an independent adjustment scheme designed for three-phase load imbalance scenarios, and they lack intelligent power consumption control and a comprehensive fault protection system. As a result, there is significant harmonic interference and voltage fluctuation during the switching process, the connection between switching and voltage regulation is lagging, the adaptability to complex load scenarios is weak, the power consumption is high under light load, and it is difficult to respond quickly when a fault occurs. These technologies cannot meet the multi-objective requirements of modern low-voltage power supply systems for smooth switching, voltage regulation accuracy, and operational reliability.

[0005] With the development of power electronics technology and low-voltage electrical equipment, the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as insufficient multi-module coordination and lack of dynamic adaptation capabilities, are becoming increasingly prominent. There is an urgent need for a bidirectional thyristor low-voltage static regulator switching method and system that integrates phase synchronization control, multi-module collaborative optimization, and closed-loop dynamic adjustment to solve the problems of existing technologies being out of touch with actual engineering scenarios and insufficient performance optimization. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The low-voltage static regulator switching method and system based on bidirectional thyristors provided in this application can solve the problems of slow switching response, large voltage fluctuation, poor coordination, weak adaptability and high power consumption in the prior art, and provide a precise and reliable voltage regulation switching solution for low-voltage power supply systems.

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for switching a low-voltage static regulator based on a bidirectional thyristor, including:

[0008] S110. Connect the low-voltage static voltage regulation switching system to the low-voltage power grid and collect target signals in real time; the target signals include the input voltage signal, output voltage signal, load signal, power grid phase signal, and fault detection signal of the low-voltage power grid.

[0009] S120. Based on the target signal, determine the voltage state, phase state, load state and fault state of the low-voltage static voltage regulation switching system.

[0010] S130: Generate adaptive switching control commands based on voltage status, phase status, load status, and fault status;

[0011] S140. Based on adaptive switching control commands, control the bidirectional thyristor switching module to perform phase-synchronized loop switching operations within a preset commutation overlap angle range.

[0012] S150. After the switching operation is completed, control the low-voltage regulator module to perform closed-loop voltage regulation to stabilize the output voltage.

[0013] In one optional implementation, in S120, determining the voltage state of the low-voltage static voltage regulation switching system includes:

[0014] Compare the input voltage signal with the normal input voltage threshold to determine whether the input voltage is within the normal range;

[0015] If the input voltage signal is less than the lower limit of the normal input voltage threshold, it is determined to be in an undervoltage state;

[0016] If the input voltage signal is greater than the upper limit of the normal input voltage threshold, it is determined to be an overvoltage state;

[0017] If the input voltage signal is within the normal threshold range of the input voltage, but the output voltage signal deviates from the preset value of the normal threshold of the output voltage, it is determined to be a voltage fluctuation state.

[0018] If both the input voltage signal and the output voltage signal are within the corresponding normal threshold range, the voltage is determined to be in a normal state.

[0019] In an optional implementation, in S120, determining the phase state of the low-voltage static voltage regulation switching system includes:

[0020] Calculate the phase deviation between grid voltage and current based on grid phase signal;

[0021] Based on the phase deviation value, determine whether the trigger timing of the bidirectional thyristor needs to be adjusted.

[0022] In one optional implementation, in S130, an adaptive switching control command is generated based on the voltage state, phase state, load state, and fault state, including:

[0023] When the voltage is in the normal voltage state, a command is generated to maintain the current conduction state of the bidirectional thyristor.

[0024] When the voltage state is undervoltage, overvoltage, or voltage fluctuation, the optimal firing angle of the bidirectional thyristor is calculated based on the phase state, and a switching trigger command containing the optimal firing angle is generated.

[0025] In one optional implementation, calculating the optimal firing angle of the bidirectional thyristor based on the phase state includes:

[0026] The preset base trigger angle is adjusted based on the scene adaptation coefficient to obtain the reference trigger angle;

[0027] The dynamic adjustment of the firing angle is calculated based on the phase deviation value and the switching type coefficient;

[0028] The optimal firing angle is obtained by summing the reference firing angle and the dynamic adjustment of the firing angle.

[0029] In an optional implementation, in S130, when the system is three-phase powered and a single-phase voltage imbalance occurs, an adaptive switching control command is generated, including:

[0030] Generate a separate switching control command for each phase with voltage imbalance;

[0031] Generate instructions to maintain the current conduction state for the other two phases that are not in voltage imbalance.

[0032] In an optional implementation, in S130, an adaptive switching control command is generated based on the fault state, including:

[0033] When the fault status is level two, instructions are generated to adjust the trigger timing of the bidirectional thyristor and the adjustment parameters of the low-voltage regulator module;

[0034] When the fault status is Level 1 fault, a command is generated to activate the bypass circuit of the control bypass protection module.

[0035] In an optional implementation, in S140, controlling the bidirectional thyristor switching module to perform a phase-synchronized loop switching operation within a preset commutation overlap angle range includes:

[0036] The adaptive switching control command is isolated and amplified via the drive isolation module;

[0037] The isolated and amplified command is transmitted to the control electrode of the bidirectional thyristor to control the currently conducting bidirectional thyristor to turn off and control the target bidirectional thyristor to turn on.

[0038] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a low-voltage static regulator switching system based on bidirectional thyristors, including:

[0039] The voltage sampling module is used to acquire the input voltage signal, output voltage signal, load signal, and phase signals of the grid voltage and current of the low-voltage power grid.

[0040] The central control module is connected to the voltage sampling module. It is used to receive and analyze the signals collected by the voltage sampling module to determine the voltage status, phase status and load status of the system, and generate switching control commands and voltage regulation commands based on the judgment results.

[0041] The bidirectional thyristor switching module is connected between the input terminal of the low-voltage power grid and the voltage regulation circuit. Its control terminal is connected to the central control module through the drive isolation module to receive switching control commands and execute switching operations between different voltage regulation circuits.

[0042] The drive isolation module is connected between the control terminals of the central control module and the bidirectional thyristor switching module. It is used to isolate and amplify the switching control command before driving the bidirectional thyristor switching module.

[0043] The low-voltage regulator module has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the bidirectional thyristor switching module, and its control terminal connected to the central control module. It is used to receive voltage regulation commands, regulate the switched voltage, and output the voltage.

[0044] In one alternative implementation, it further includes:

[0045] The fault detection module, connected to the central control module, is used to detect the overvoltage, undervoltage, overload and component fault status of the system, and send the fault signal to the central control module.

[0046] The intelligent sleep module, connected to the central control module, is used to receive the sleep command from the central control module when the system is under light load and the output voltage is stable, and control the voltage sampling module, drive isolation module and fault detection module to enter a low power consumption state.

[0047] The bypass protection module is connected in parallel with the bidirectional thyristor switching module and the low-voltage regulator module. Its control terminal is connected to the central control module. When a serious system fault occurs, it receives the bypass command from the central control module and conducts the bypass circuit to supply power to the load.

[0048] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method provided in embodiments of this application.

[0049] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed in a computer, causes the computer to perform the method provided in embodiments of this application.

[0050] This invention dynamically determines the optimal triggering sequence of the bidirectional thyristor by real-time acquisition of the phase signals of the grid voltage and current to calculate the current phase state of the grid. This ensures that the "commutation overlap angle" during the switching of the old and new circuits is precisely controlled within a reasonable range, achieving a smooth current transition between the old and new circuits. This essentially eliminates voltage interruptions and current surges during the switching process, achieving seamless and smooth switching. It also significantly reduces harmonic interference caused by phase asynchrony, improving the electrical smoothness and reliability of the switching process. The real-time collaborative control architecture for switching and voltage regulation deeply integrates the switching action of the bidirectional thyristor with the regulation function of the low-voltage regulator module. The central control module issues the switching command... In an instant, an adjustment command is sent to the voltage regulation module, ensuring that voltage regulation and loop switching are closely linked and coordinated in time, forming a closed-loop control loop. This significantly shortens the voltage stabilization time after switching and suppresses the fluctuation range of the output voltage to an extremely low level, significantly improving the overall voltage regulation accuracy of the system. Each phase in the three-phase power supply system is equipped with an independent switching unit and control channel. The central controller can analyze the voltage, phase, and load status of each phase individually and generate targeted independent switching commands for single phases experiencing voltage imbalance. This enables the system to have precise adjustment capabilities for three-phase load imbalance scenarios, enhancing the system's adaptability and adjustment flexibility to different load conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0051] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the low-voltage static regulator switching method based on bidirectional thyristors provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0052] Figure 2 This is a logic diagram of the low-voltage static regulator switching method based on bidirectional thyristors provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0053] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a low-voltage static regulator switching system based on bidirectional thyristors provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0055] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the low-voltage static regulator switching method based on bidirectional thyristors provided in this application embodiment. Figure 2 This is a logical schematic diagram of a low-voltage static regulator switching method based on bidirectional thyristors provided in an embodiment of this application. The method can be executed by a low-voltage static regulator switching system based on bidirectional thyristors. The system can be implemented by software and / or hardware and can be configured in electronic devices such as computers.

[0056] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the technical solution provided in this application includes the following steps:

[0057] S110. Connect the low-voltage static voltage stabilization switching system to the low-voltage power grid and collect the target signal in real time.

[0058] The target signals include the input voltage signal, output voltage signal, load signal, grid phase signal, and fault detection signal of the low-voltage power grid.

[0059] First, the low-voltage static voltage regulator switching system based on bidirectional thyristors is connected to the low-voltage mains power supply, enabling all modules within the system (including the voltage sampling module, central control module, bidirectional thyristor switching module, low-voltage regulator module, drive isolation module, fault detection module, intelligent sleep module, and bypass protection module) to power on and start. The central control module initiates the initialization program, setting a series of parameter thresholds necessary for subsequent signal analysis and control. These preset thresholds may include at least:

[0060] Normal input voltage threshold: Used to determine whether the mains input voltage is within an acceptable operating range;

[0061] Output voltage setting threshold: the target voltage value that the system needs to output stably;

[0062] Phase synchronization threshold: a criterion related to the phase of grid voltage and current;

[0063] Fault detection threshold: A critical value used to determine whether a fault has occurred in any component of the system (such as a triac, voltage regulator module, etc.).

[0064] Light load judgment threshold: a current reference used to distinguish the working state of the load (light load, full load, etc.).

[0065] Sleep trigger time: The duration required for the intelligent sleep module to enter low-power mode when the system is under light load and stable conditions;

[0066] Switching response time: The time performance requirements for switching actions.

[0067] These preset thresholds provide a benchmark for the comparison, analysis, and status judgment of subsequent real-time acquired signals.

[0068] After system initialization is complete, the voltage sampling module and fault detection module begin continuous operation, acquiring multiple target signals in parallel:

[0069] The voltage sampling module's data acquisition tasks include:

[0070] Input voltage signal: Acquires the input AC voltage signal from the low-voltage power grid;

[0071] Output voltage signal: The voltage signal acquired after processing by the low-voltage regulator module is output to both ends of the load;

[0072] Load signal: Collects the voltage across the load module and the current flowing through the load;

[0073] Power grid phase signal: Acquire instantaneous phase signals of power grid voltage and current;

[0074] After the analog signal is acquired, it is converted into a digital signal by the voltage sampling module and transmitted to the central control module.

[0075] The data acquisition tasks of the fault detection module include:

[0076] The system collects and monitors the operating status signals of each module in real time, including but not limited to: the on / off status of the bidirectional thyristor switching module, whether the output of the low-voltage regulator module is normal, the acquisition function of the voltage sampling module, and the operating status of the central control module itself. Simultaneously, this module also directly detects abnormal conditions such as input / output voltage overvoltage or undervoltage, load overload or short circuit, bidirectional thyristor overheating or breakdown, and drive isolation module failure.

[0077] The fault detection module converts the monitored status and fault signals into digital signals, which are then transmitted to the central control module.

[0078] S120. Based on the target signal, determine the voltage state, phase state, load state, and fault state of the low-voltage static regulator switching system based on bidirectional thyristors.

[0079] Specifically, voltage status determination includes:

[0080] The central control module compares the acquired input voltage signal with the preset normal input voltage threshold during system initialization to determine the state of the input voltage.

[0081] Undervoltage condition: If the input voltage signal value is lower than the lower limit of the normal input voltage threshold, it is determined to be an undervoltage condition.

[0082] Overvoltage condition: If the input voltage signal value is higher than the upper limit of the normal input voltage threshold, it is determined to be an overvoltage condition.

[0083] Voltage fluctuation state: If the input voltage signal value is within the normal threshold range, but the acquired output voltage signal deviates from the output voltage set threshold by a preset fluctuation range (e.g., ±0.5V), it is determined to be a voltage fluctuation state.

[0084] Normal voltage state: If both the input voltage and output voltage signals are stable within their respective set threshold ranges, the system is considered to be in a normal voltage state.

[0085] Specifically, phase state determination includes:

[0086] The central control module analyzes the phase signals of the collected grid voltage and current, specifically calculating the actual phase deviation between the grid voltage and current. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0087] ;

[0088] in, It represents the actual phase deviation between voltage and current, is a non-negative value, and reflects the degree of phase synchronization. This represents the actual voltage phase value of the power grid after preprocessing; This represents the preprocessed actual current phase value of the power grid, and... Synchronous data collection.

[0089] After calculating the phase deviation value, the central control module determines whether the triggering timing of the bidirectional thyristor needs to be adjusted for subsequent switching operations to achieve precise phase synchronization.

[0090] Specifically, load status determination includes:

[0091] The central control module compares the collected load current signal with the preset light load judgment threshold to determine the severity of the load.

[0092] Light load condition: If the load current value is less than or equal to the preset percentage of the rated current, taking 30% as an example, the specific threshold can be set according to the actual situation, then it is determined to be a light load condition.

[0093] Full load condition: If the load current value is greater than 30% of the rated current and less than or equal to 100% of the rated current, it is determined to be a full load condition.

[0094] Overload condition: If the load current value is greater than 100% of the rated current, it is determined to be an overload condition.

[0095] Specifically, fault status determination includes:

[0096] The central control module receives fault detection signals and compares them with preset fault detection thresholds for various types of faults:

[0097] If any detected signal (such as voltage, current, or temperature) exceeds its corresponding fault threshold range, the system is determined to be abnormal, and the specific fault type is determined based on the type of signal exceeding the threshold, such as: input overvoltage / undervoltage, output overvoltage / undervoltage, load overload / short circuit, triac overheating / breakdown, etc.

[0098] If all detection signals are within the normal threshold range, the system is determined to be in normal operating condition.

[0099] After completing the above four state judgments, the central control module obtains a complete state profile describing the current operating status of the system, providing a direct decision-making basis for generating precise adaptive switching control commands in the next step.

[0100] S130 generates adaptive switching control commands based on voltage status, phase status, load status, and fault status.

[0101] In some embodiments, the central control module generates corresponding control commands based on the system state determined in step S120. Depending on the different state combinations, the following four cases are handled:

[0102] Scenario 1: Voltage is normal (no fault)

[0103] When the voltage is determined to be normal (i.e., both input and output voltages are normal) and there is no fault, the system does not require loop switching. The control commands generated by the central control module are as follows:

[0104] Maintenance command: Controls the bidirectional thyristor switching module to maintain the current state of the conducting circuit (usually the main voltage regulator circuit) and does not perform a switching operation.

[0105] Voltage regulation command: Controls the "low-voltage regulator module" to start or maintain its closed-loop voltage regulation function. The error amplifier inside the module continuously compares the output voltage with the set threshold, and dynamically fine-tunes the output voltage by adjusting the conduction state of the transistor adjustment circuit to ensure that it is stable within the set threshold range.

[0106] After processing is complete, the system will proceed to step S150 (closed-loop voltage regulation) and subsequent steps.

[0107] Scenario 2: Undervoltage / Overvoltage / Voltage Fluctuation State

[0108] When an undervoltage, overvoltage, or voltage fluctuation condition is detected, the system needs to switch to the backup voltage regulation circuit or adjust the current circuit. At this time, the generation of control commands is centered on phase synchronization to ensure a seamless and smooth switch. The specific steps are as follows:

[0109] The preset base trigger angle is adjusted based on the scene adaptation coefficient to obtain the reference trigger angle.

[0110] Specifically, the calculation formula is as follows:

[0111] ;

[0112] in, This represents the reference firing angle under the current operating conditions, which is the base value for calculating the optimal firing angle. This represents the system's preset base trigger angle setting, which is stored in the parameter library; Indicates the scene adaptation coefficient, single-phase scene =1, three-phase scenario =1.05~1.1.

[0113] The dynamic adjustment of the firing angle is calculated based on the phase deviation value and the switching type coefficient.

[0114] Specifically, the central control module first determines the phase state based on the phase deviation value calculated in step S120. ).

[0115] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0116] ;

[0117] in, This indicates the dynamic adjustment amount of the firing angle, which changes dynamically with the phase deviation. This represents the core adjustment coefficient (dimensionless, 0.1~0.3), used to balance the adjustment magnitude and switching stability; This represents the switching type coefficient (dimensionless), used during overall switching. When switching between three-phase and single-phase independently .

[0118] The optimal firing angle is obtained by summing the reference firing angle and the dynamic adjustment of the firing angle.

[0119] Specifically, the calculation formula is as follows:

[0120] ;

[0121] in, This represents the optimal firing angle, which is the final output value of this calculation.

[0122] Reasonableness check: Within the preset reasonable range ( ~ If the data exceeds the range, it is fed back to S110 to recollect data and repeat the calculation; after the verification is passed, it is output to the subsequent steps.

[0123] Generating and sending switching commands: The central control module will include the above-mentioned optimal trigger angle. The switching trigger command for precise trigger timing is sent to the driver isolation module.

[0124] Instruction execution objective: This instruction aims to control the currently conducting bidirectional thyristor in the bidirectional thyristor switching module to turn off at the optimal time, while simultaneously controlling the target bidirectional thyristor to turn on. The entire process must be strictly synchronized with the phase of the grid voltage and current to ensure that the commutation overlap angle (i.e., the angle at which the old and new circuits are simultaneously conducting) is controlled within a very small range (e.g., 5°~10°), thereby eliminating current discontinuity during the switching process and achieving seamless and smooth switching.

[0125] After the switching command is generated, the system will execute step S140. At the same time, the central control module will immediately (rather than wait for the switching to be completely completed) generate a fast voltage regulation command for backup, so as to start step S150 the moment the switching action is completed.

[0126] Scenario 3: Single-phase voltage imbalance in a three-phase scenario

[0127] When the system is three-phase powered, and only one or two phases are identified as having abnormal voltage (undervoltage, overvoltage, fluctuation), an independent regulation strategy is adopted. The control commands generated by the central control module are as follows:

[0128] Independent switching command: Calculates the optimal firing angle separately for the phase with voltage imbalance only. The formula is the same as in case two, but only applies to the phase with voltage imbalance. Calculated separately:

[0129] ;

[0130] ;

[0131] ;

[0132] ;

[0133] It also generates independent switching commands for the bidirectional thyristor switching unit of that phase.

[0134] Maintenance command: For the remaining phases with normal voltage, generate a command to maintain the current conduction state.

[0135] This strategy of independent switching of single phases while maintaining the status of the remaining phases enables precise adaptation to three-phase load imbalance scenarios. After the switching is completed, the low-voltage stabilizing modules of each phase (especially the unbalanced phase) are adjusted independently.

[0136] Scenario 4: Fault Status

[0137] When the fault detection module detects a system anomaly, the central control module generates different instructions based on the severity of the fault:

[0138] Level 2 Fault Adjustment Command: For minor faults such as triac trigger interference and slight output voltage fluctuations, a fault adjustment command is generated. This command will fine-tune the trigger timing of the triac and the adjustment parameters of the low-voltage regulator module to eliminate interference and restore normal operation.

[0139] Level 1 Fault Bypass Command: For severe faults including triac breakdown, voltage regulator module failure, and central control module failure, a bypass control command is immediately generated. This command is sent to the bypass protection module, controlling its internal bypass switch to quickly conduct, switching the load power supply circuit to a bypass unaffected by the fault, thereby ensuring power supply continuity. Simultaneously, the command will control the faulty module to shut down and issue an alarm.

[0140] In summary, based on the real-time monitored multi-dimensional status, four different types of control commands are accurately generated, providing a clear basis for subsequent actions such as phase synchronization switching, precise voltage regulation, or fault protection.

[0141] S140. Based on adaptive switching control commands, control the bidirectional thyristor switching module to perform phase-synchronized loop switching operations within a preset commutation overlap angle range.

[0142] In some embodiments, controlling the bidirectional thyristor switching module to perform phase-synchronized loop switching operations within a preset commutation overlap angle range includes:

[0143] Phase 1: Command Issuance and Signal-Driven Operation

[0144] The central control module sends the adaptive switching control command generated in step S130 to the drive isolation module. This command contains the optimal trigger angle calculated for this switching. And precise trigger timing.

[0145] Signal isolation and amplification: After receiving the command, the core function of the drive isolation module is to perform electrical isolation and power amplification of the control signal.

[0146] Isolation: The central control module (low-voltage control side) is electrically isolated from the bidirectional thyristor switching module (high-voltage main circuit side) to prevent high-voltage and high-current signals from entering the control circuit and damaging the central control module.

[0147] Amplification: The weak digital signal or PWM signal output by the central control module is amplified into a pulse signal with sufficient voltage and current driving capability to reliably trigger the bidirectional thyristor.

[0148] Phase Two: Component Operation and Circuit Switching

[0149] The strong drive pulse signal, after being processed by the drive isolation module, is sent to the control electrode (gate) of the corresponding bidirectional thyristor element in the bidirectional thyristor switching module.

[0150] Switching action execution: This drive pulse controls the bidirectional thyristor switching module to complete the following actions:

[0151] Shut down the current circuit: Control the currently conducting bidirectional thyristor to turn off near the zero-crossing point of the mains voltage or at the optimal moment calculated based on the optimal firing angle.

[0152] Target circuit activation: Almost simultaneously (or according to a precisely calculated timing sequence), the bidirectional thyristor controlling the target voltage regulator circuit (or backup circuit) activates at the calculated optimal firing angle. The corresponding phase point triggers conduction.

[0153] Three-phase independent switching scenario: In scenario three, the aforementioned control pulse is only sent to the independent bidirectional thyristor switching unit corresponding to the phase experiencing voltage imbalance, controlling the elements of that unit to perform a turn-off and turn-on operation. The bidirectional thyristor switching units of the other two phases, since they receive a maintenance command, maintain their original state.

[0154] Phase 3: Achieving seamless switching with phase synchronization

[0155] The core objective of the entire switching operation is to strictly control the commutation overlap angle within a preset, minimal range. This is achieved by calculating the optimal trigger angle based on the real-time grid phase signal in step S130. This design ensures that the turn-on and turn-off actions of the two bidirectional thyristors are closely synchronized in time. This means that at the moment of switching, the new circuit is already conducting before the old circuit is fully turned off, with a very short overlap in conduction time. This design completely eliminates the dead zone of current interruption during switching, achieving a continuous and smooth current transition, i.e., gapless smooth switching. This not only avoids voltage spikes and glitches caused by current discontinuity but also significantly reduces harmonic interference and electrical stress on components.

[0156] Thus, through step S140, the system has safely and smoothly completed the electronic switching from the original voltage regulator circuit to the target voltage regulator circuit based on real-time status and precise calculations, laying a stable foundation for the next step of precise voltage regulation.

[0157] S150. After the switching operation is completed, control the low-voltage regulator module to perform closed-loop voltage regulation to stabilize the output voltage.

[0158] In some embodiments, to ensure that the output voltage can quickly and accurately recover to a regulated stable state after the system completes the loop switching, S150 includes the following sub-steps:

[0159] S151, The central control module issues a voltage regulation command.

[0160] Simultaneously with or immediately upon completion of step S140 (phase synchronization switching), the central control module immediately sends a voltage regulation command to the low-voltage regulator module. This command is not issued only after the switching is completely finished, but is coordinated in advance by the central control module to ensure seamless timing between the switching action and the voltage regulation, which is the core of achieving rapid and stable output.

[0161] S152, Low-voltage regulator module starts closed-loop voltage regulation.

[0162] After receiving the command, the low-voltage regulator module immediately starts its internal closed-loop feedback control system, and the workflow is as follows:

[0163] Voltage Sampling and Comparison: The voltage divider circuit within the module continuously acquires the final output voltage signal (i.e., the voltage across the load). This sampled voltage is then sent to one input of the error amplifier.

[0164] Error Calculation: A highly stable reference voltage (i.e., a local reference for the output voltage setting threshold) is connected to the other input of the error amplifier. The error amplifier compares the actual output voltage acquired with the reference voltage in real time and calculates the deviation value (error voltage) between the two.

[0165] Error Amplification and Drive: The error amplifier amplifies this tiny error voltage to generate a control signal.

[0166] Dynamically adjust the output: The amplified control signal drives the transistor adjustment circuit (usually a series regulating transistor or a switching regulator) to change its conduction level (such as the transistor voltage drop or PWM duty cycle), thereby dynamically adjusting the voltage and current output to the load.

[0167] Filtering and Output: After the adjusted voltage is filtered by the filter unit (usually an LC or RC filter circuit) to remove high-frequency switching noise or harmonics, a smooth and stable DC voltage is output to the load.

[0168] S153, forming a closed-loop negative feedback to achieve voltage stabilization.

[0169] The above process forms a closed-loop negative feedback control loop:

[0170] Feedback: Output voltage → sampling by voltage divider circuit → error amplifier (compared with reference).

[0171] Control: Error signal amplification → driving transistor adjustment circuit → changing output voltage.

[0172] By continuously comparing and adjusting, the actual output voltage is made to approach the reference voltage infinitely, thereby stabilizing the output voltage within the set threshold range and eliminating fluctuations caused by switching or load changes.

[0173] S154, Entering the status maintenance and monitoring phase.

[0174] Once the closed-loop voltage regulation stabilizes the output voltage within the set threshold range, the system enters the state maintenance and monitoring phase.

[0175] The central control module continuously monitors the output voltage signal and load signal, and makes judgments based on this:

[0176] Light-load sleep detection: If the output voltage remains stable within the set range and the load is in a light-load state (load current ≤ 30% of rated current) for a duration that reaches the preset sleep trigger time, the central control module generates a sleep control command and sends it to the intelligent sleep module. This module controls non-core modules such as the voltage sampling module (e.g., reducing the sampling frequency), the drive isolation module (e.g., shutting down some channels), and the fault detection module to enter a low-power sleep state, thereby reducing the overall system power consumption.

[0177] Abnormal wake-up mechanism: During sleep or steady-state monitoring, once output voltage fluctuations (such as deviations from the set value exceeding ±0.5V), increased load, or any fault signal are detected, the central control module immediately generates a wake-up command, sends it to the intelligent sleep module, wakes up the sleep module, restores the normal operation of each module, and returns to step S110.

[0178] Status maintenance: If the system does not enter the sleep state, it continues to maintain the current operating state, collects signals and monitors the status in real time. If a voltage abnormality or fault occurs, it returns to step S120; if it remains normal, it continues to maintain the voltage stabilization state.

[0179] Under the unified scheduling of the central control module, and in precise coordination with the switching action (S140), the voltage disturbance that may be caused by the switching is quickly corrected through the closed-loop negative feedback mechanism inherent in the low-voltage regulator module. Through subsequent intelligent monitoring and power consumption management, the energy efficiency of the system is optimized while ensuring high-precision and stable output.

[0180] Furthermore, following the S150, it also includes:

[0181] S160, Troubleshooting and System Recovery.

[0182] When the system switches to bypass protection circuit power supply due to a serious fault (as described in case four in step S130), proceed to this step:

[0183] Fault recording and continuous bypass power supply: During the bypass power supply period, the central control module continuously records the fault type and specific parameters reported by the fault detection module, and maintains the conduction state of the bypass protection module to ensure that the load is not powered.

[0184] Manual troubleshooting and recovery commands: Operators perform troubleshooting and repair based on system alarm prompts. After troubleshooting, operators send troubleshooting commands to the central control module via human-machine interface or other means.

[0185] System self-recovery process: After receiving the troubleshooting command, the central control module performs the following operations in sequence to restore the system to normal operation:

[0186] Exit Bypass: Control the bypass protection module to disconnect its bypass switch.

[0187] Wake-up system: Sends commands to the intelligent sleep module to wake up all modules that may be in a sleep state.

[0188] Restart core functions: Control the restart of the bidirectional thyristor switching module and the low-voltage regulator module.

[0189] Return to normal operation: After completing the above operations, the system returns to the initial operating point and immediately returns to the real-time signal acquisition stage to start a new round of monitoring and control cycle.

[0190] Handling unresolved faults: If the fault is not resolved, the system will remain in bypass power supply mode and continue to send fault alarms until the fault is resolved.

[0191] S170, System shutdown.

[0192] Perform this step when you need to actively shut down the entire system:

[0193] Disconnect the main power supply: First, disconnect the input power supply of the low-voltage power grid.

[0194] Orderly shutdown of modules: The central control module executes the shutdown procedure, controlling the safe shutdown of each module in sequence:

[0195] Reliably turn off all bidirectional thyristors in the control module.

[0196] Control the low-voltage regulator module to stop working.

[0197] The intelligent sleep module, fault detection module, bypass protection module, etc., are all restored to their initial state.

[0198] System shutdown complete: After all modules have shut down, the central control module itself stops running, and the entire system stops safely and completely.

[0199] In summary, from S150 to S170, this switching method constitutes the complete lifecycle management of state maintenance, fault recovery, and safe shutdown after completing the core acquisition-judgment-switching-voltage regulation closed loop, ensuring the reliable, economical, and safe operation of the system under various working conditions.

[0200] like Figure 3 As shown in the embodiments of this application, a low-voltage static regulator switching system based on bidirectional thyristors is also provided. This system includes:

[0201] The voltage sampling module is used to simultaneously acquire the input voltage signal of the low-voltage power grid, the output voltage signal of the low-voltage regulator module, the voltage and current signals across the load (load signals), and the phase signals of the power grid voltage and current. The acquired analog signals are converted into digital signals, providing the raw data basis for the analysis and decision-making of the central control module.

[0202] The central control module, connected to the voltage sampling module, receives signals from both the voltage sampling module and the fault detection module. First, it analyzes these signals to determine the system's current voltage state (normal, undervoltage, overvoltage, fluctuating), phase state, load state (light load, full load, overload), and fault state. Then, based on these determinations, it generates two types of core commands: switching control commands (determining when and at what angle to switch the loop) and voltage regulation commands (determining how to adjust the output voltage). Furthermore, it manages advanced functions such as intelligent sleep mode and bypass protection.

[0203] The bidirectional thyristor switching module, composed of multiple bidirectional thyristors, is connected between the grid input and different voltage regulation circuits. It receives switching control commands from the central control module, processed by the drive isolation module, and precisely turns off the currently conducting bidirectional thyristor at the optimal moment, triggering the conduction of the bidirectional thyristor in the target circuit, thereby achieving contactless electronic switching between different voltage regulation circuits. For three-phase systems, an independent switching unit can be configured for each phase, enabling independent phase-by-phase regulation.

[0204] The drive isolation module is located between the central control module and the bidirectional thyristor switching module. It receives the low-voltage switching control command from the central control module, first performs electrical isolation to prevent high voltage and high current interference from the main circuit or damage to the low-voltage control circuit; then it amplifies the signal power and converts it into a strong drive pulse sufficient to reliably trigger the bidirectional thyristor, ensuring accurate switching action.

[0205] The low-voltage regulator module receives the switched voltage from the bidirectional thyristor switching module at its input. It receives voltage regulation commands from the central control module and internally forms a closed-loop negative feedback loop using a reference voltage source, error amplifier, and transistor adjustment circuit. This module continuously compares the output voltage with the set value and dynamically adjusts the conduction state of the internal regulating transistor to counteract the effects of input voltage fluctuations and load changes, ultimately outputting a highly stable low-voltage DC power.

[0206] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0207] The fault detection module, connected to the central control module, continuously monitors various abnormal states within the system, including overvoltage and undervoltage of input / output voltages, overload and short circuit of loads, and faults in critical components (such as the triac itself). Once a parameter is detected exceeding a safety threshold, a fault signal is immediately reported to the central control module, providing a basis for the system to take corrective or protective measures.

[0208] The intelligent sleep module, connected to the central control module, sends a sleep command to the intelligent sleep module after the central control module determines that the system is under light load and the output voltage is stable for a period of time. This module then controls non-core modules such as the voltage sampling module (reducing the sampling frequency), the drive isolation module (shutting down some channels), and the fault detection module (reducing the detection frequency) to enter a low-power state, significantly reducing the overall standby power consumption of the system. Once a load change or voltage fluctuation is detected, all modules are immediately woken up.

[0209] The bypass protection module is a backup path connected in parallel with the bidirectional thyristor switching module and the low-voltage regulator module. When the fault detection module detects a serious fault such as thyristor breakdown or regulator failure, and the central control module issues a bypass command, this module will immediately activate its internal bypass switch, directly switching the load to the bypass circuit, where it will be powered directly by the grid (or powered after simple protection). This ensures uninterrupted power supply to the load during system maintenance, providing the highest level of power supply reliability.

[0210] The load module is the power supply object of the system, including low-voltage electronic equipment, small industrial control equipment, distributed energy access loads, etc. The load module is connected to the output terminal of the low-voltage regulator module and the output terminal of the bypass protection module to receive a stable low-voltage power supply.

[0211] The execution process of the system part of this application embodiment is the same as that of the method part of the embodiment described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0212] This application also provides an electronic device, including: at least one processor; a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform any of the following low-voltage static regulator switching methods based on bidirectional thyristors.

[0213] This application also proposes a computer storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements any one of the following low-voltage static regulator switching methods based on bidirectional thyristors.

[0214] Computer storage media may be simply referred to as media. Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Any references to memory, storage, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application may include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in various forms, such as Static RAM (SRAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Dual Data SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus Direct RAM (RDRAM), Direct Memory Bus Dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and Memory Bus Dynamic RAM (RDRAM). The various embodiments described in this specification are presented in a progressive manner, with reference allowed to each other for similar or identical parts. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the embodiments for apparatuses, devices, and non-volatile computer storage media are described simply because they are substantially similar to the method embodiments; relevant details can be found in the descriptions of the method embodiments.

[0215] The above embodiments are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A switching method for a low-voltage static regulator based on a bidirectional thyristor, characterized in that, include: S110. Connect the low-voltage static voltage regulation switching system to the low-voltage power grid and collect target signals in real time; the target signals include the input voltage signal, output voltage signal, load signal, power grid phase signal, and fault detection signal of the low-voltage power grid. S120. Based on the target signal, determine the voltage state, phase state, load state, and fault state of the low-voltage static voltage regulation switching system. S130. Generate an adaptive switching control command based on the voltage state, phase state, load state, and fault state. S140. Based on the adaptive switching control command, control the bidirectional thyristor switching module to perform phase-synchronized loop switching operation within a preset commutation overlap angle range; S150 controls the low-voltage regulator module to perform closed-loop voltage regulation to stabilize the output voltage.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S120, determining the voltage state of the low-voltage static voltage regulation switching system includes: Compare the input voltage signal with the normal input voltage threshold to determine whether the input voltage is within the normal range; If the input voltage signal is less than the lower limit of the normal input voltage threshold, it is determined to be in an undervoltage state; If the input voltage signal is greater than the upper limit of the normal input voltage threshold, it is determined to be an overvoltage state; If the input voltage signal is within the normal threshold range of the input voltage, but the output voltage signal deviates from the preset value of the normal threshold of the output voltage, it is determined to be a voltage fluctuation state. If both the input voltage signal and the output voltage signal are within the corresponding normal threshold range, the voltage is determined to be in a normal state.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S120, determining the phase state of the low-voltage static voltage regulation switching system includes: Based on the power grid phase signal, calculate the phase deviation between the power grid voltage and current; Based on the phase deviation value, determine whether the trigger timing of the bidirectional thyristor needs to be adjusted.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S130, an adaptive switching control command is generated based on the voltage state, phase state, load state, and fault state, including: When the voltage state is normal, a command is generated to maintain the current on-state of the bidirectional thyristor. When the voltage state is undervoltage, overvoltage, or voltage fluctuation, the optimal firing angle of the bidirectional thyristor is calculated based on the phase state, and a switching firing command containing the optimal firing angle is generated.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Calculating the optimal firing angle of the bidirectional thyristor based on the phase state includes: The preset base trigger angle is adjusted based on the scene adaptation coefficient to obtain the reference trigger angle; Based on the phase deviation value and the switching type coefficient, the dynamic adjustment amount of the trigger angle is calculated; The optimal trigger angle is obtained by summing the reference trigger angle and the dynamic adjustment amount of the trigger angle.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S130, when the system is three-phase powered and a single-phase voltage imbalance occurs, the generation of adaptive switching control commands includes: A switching control command is generated separately for each phase of the voltage imbalance; Generate instructions to maintain the current conduction state for the other two phases that are not in voltage imbalance.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S130, an adaptive switching control command is generated based on the fault state, including: When the fault state is a level two fault, instructions are generated to adjust the trigger timing of the bidirectional thyristor and the adjustment parameters of the low-voltage regulator module; When the fault condition is a level one fault, a command is generated to enable the bypass circuit of the control bypass protection module.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S140, controlling the bidirectional thyristor switching module to perform a phase-synchronized loop switching operation within a preset commutation overlap angle range includes: The adaptive switching control command is isolated and amplified via a drive isolation module; The isolated and amplified command is transmitted to the control electrode of the bidirectional thyristor to control the currently conducting bidirectional thyristor to turn off and control the target bidirectional thyristor to turn on.

9. A low-voltage static regulator switching system based on bidirectional thyristors, characterized in that, include: The voltage sampling module is used to acquire the input voltage signal, output voltage signal, load signal, and phase signals of the grid voltage and current of the low-voltage power grid. The central control module is connected to the voltage sampling module and is used to receive and analyze the signals collected by the voltage sampling module to determine the voltage state, phase state and load state of the system, and generate switching control commands and voltage regulation commands based on the judgment results. A bidirectional thyristor switching module is connected between the input terminal of the low-voltage power grid and the voltage regulation circuit. Its control terminal is connected to the central control module through a drive isolation module to receive the switching control command and execute the switching operation between different voltage regulation circuits. A drive isolation module is connected between the control terminal of the central control module and the bidirectional thyristor switching module. It is used to isolate and amplify the switching control command before driving the bidirectional thyristor switching module. The low-voltage regulator module has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the bidirectional thyristor switching module and its control terminal connected to the central control module. It is used to receive the voltage regulation command, regulate the switched voltage, and output it.

10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that, Also includes: The fault detection module, connected to the central control module, is used to detect the overvoltage, undervoltage, overload and component fault status of the system, and send the fault signal to the central control module. The intelligent sleep module, connected to the central control module, is used to receive the sleep command from the central control module when the system is under light load and the output voltage is stable, and control the voltage sampling module, the drive isolation module and the fault detection module to enter a low power consumption state. The bypass protection module is connected in parallel with the bidirectional thyristor switching module and the low-voltage regulator module. Its control terminal is connected to the central control module. When a serious fault occurs in the system, it receives the bypass command from the central control module and conducts the bypass circuit to supply power to the load.

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