A high-cold and arid environment under forage oat seedling preservation and yield increasing cultivation method

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for ensuring seedling survival and increasing yield of forage oats in arid and cold environments, belonging to the field of agricultural cultivation technology. Addressing the problems of low emergence rate and low yield in high-altitude dryland areas, it integrates key technologies such as deep loosening in autumn, seed soaking and coating with humic acid and abscisic acid, early spring furrow sowing with straw mulching, spraying with a betaine compound drought-resistant agent during the seedling stage, and topdressing with nitrogen at the four- to five-leaf stage. Taking "Baiyan No. 7" as an example, at a depth of 100m... 2 Experiments show that compared with traditional cultivation, this invention increases plant height by 20.6%, effective tillering by 63.6%, grain number per ear by 32.6%, and thousand-grain weight by 16.7%; silage oat yield is 2.77 tons / mu, hay yield is 965 kg / mu, seed yield is 368 kg / mu, and seedling survival rate is increased by 38.1%. P <0.01). This invention is highly operable and suitable for protecting oat seedlings and increasing yield in high-altitude, cold, and arid regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural cultivation technology, and in particular relates to a method for protecting seedlings and increasing yield of feed oats in cold and arid environments. Background Technology

[0002] High-altitude, arid regions (such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau) are characterized by low temperatures, short frost-free periods, scarce rainfall, high evaporation rates, and infertile soil, severely restricting the economic benefits of oat cultivation for feed. Taking Nantan Village in Dongxia Town, Datong Hui and Tu Autonomous County, Qinghai Province, as an example, the village is located at an altitude of 3200m, with all arable land being high-altitude dryland. The average annual temperature is 3-5℃, annual rainfall is 450-520mm, and the frost-free period is only 80-120 days, with frequent spring droughts and early autumn frosts. Under current cultivation techniques, oats in high-altitude, arid environments generally suffer from low germination rates, seedling mortality due to drought, insufficient tillering, and low yields, failing to fully realize their production potential.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a systematic cultivation process for seedling protection and yield increase that is suitable for cold and arid environments and does not depend on specific varieties. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a cultivation method for increasing the seedling survival rate and yield of forage oats in cold and arid environments. Through comprehensive measures such as pre-sowing soil treatment, seed compound treatment, furrow sowing and compaction, mulching to conserve moisture, drought resistance regulation during the seedling stage, and water and fertilizer management during the growth period, the method achieves a seedling survival rate increase of over 30% and a significant increase in forage and grain yields.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for cultivating feed oats in cold and arid environments to ensure seedling survival and increase yield, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Site selection and preparation.

[0006] S11. Site selection: Select sites that are flat or gently sloping (slope < 8°), sunny and sheltered from the wind, with a soil layer thickness ≥ 40cm, good drainage, and have been previously planted with legumes or have been fallow for more than 2 years; avoid continuous cropping of oats to prevent soil-borne diseases.

[0007] S12. Autumn deep tillage: After the previous crop is harvested, deep tillage is carried out in mid-to-late October (before the soil freezes); the deep tillage depth is 35-45cm, breaking up the plow pan and enhancing the soil's water retention capacity; immediately after deep tillage, rotary tillage is carried out twice, with a rotary tillage depth of 15-20cm, to make the soil fine and level.

[0008] S13. Base fertilizer application: Apply base fertilizer in one go during land preparation.

[0009] Apply 3-4 cubic meters of farmyard manure, 30-40 kg of superphosphate, and 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). The farmyard manure must be fully decomposed; undecomposed farmyard manure can easily cause seedling burn and underground pests. After fertilization, till the soil thoroughly.

[0010] The preferred method is to apply 3 cubic meters of farmyard manure, 35 kg of superphosphate, and 12 kg of potassium sulfate per mu.

[0011] S14. Compaction and Moisture Retention: After land preparation and fertilization, immediately compact the soil with a compactor to form a winter moisture retention layer. Compaction standards: The surface should be flat, without obvious clods, and should not sink underfoot. Compaction can effectively reduce soil erosion and moisture evaporation in winter.

[0012] Step 2: Seed treatment.

[0013] S21. Variety selection and seed preparation: Select feed oat varieties suitable for cold and arid environments. Seeds should be plump, free from pests and diseases, with a germination rate of ≥85%, purity of ≥98%, and cleanliness of ≥97%. Before sowing, winnowing or screening should be carried out to remove chaff and impurities.

[0014] S22. Compound soaking treatment: Place the seeds in the compound soaking agent and soak them at 15~20℃ for 6~8 hours, stirring 2~3 times during the period to ensure that the seeds absorb the agent evenly. After soaking, take them out and place them in a ventilated place to air dry until there is no visible water on the seed coat (the seed surface is moist but not dripping).

[0015] The compound seed soaking agent includes 0.05%~0.10% (w / v) humic acid, 0.01%~0.02% (w / v) abscisic acid (ABA), and 0.5% (w / v) potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dissolved in water.

[0016] Preferably, the compound seed soaking agent includes 0.08% (w / v) humic acid, 0.015% (w / v) abscisic acid, and 0.5% (w / v) potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dissolved in water.

[0017] S23. Seed coating with drought-resistant agent: Coat the seeds at a ratio of agent to seed weight of 1:50. After coating, air dry for 24 hours to allow the film to adhere firmly. The coated seeds should be sown within 7 days.

[0018] The drought-resistant seed coating agent formula is: 2% polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, 0.1% paclobutrazol, trace elements (0.05% each of zinc, boron, and molybdenum) and film-forming agent; paclobutrazol can delay the growth of the aboveground parts and promote root development.

[0019] Step 3: Timely sowing and furrow sowing techniques.

[0020] S31. Determining the sowing period: Sowing can begin when the soil temperature at a depth of 5cm is consistently above 3℃ for 3 consecutive days. Sowing too early can easily lead to frost damage, while sowing too late will reduce yield and quality. Soil temperature can be monitored with a soil thermometer.

[0021] S32. Furrow sowing specifications: Furrow sowing method is adopted, with a furrow depth of 8~10cm, a furrow bottom width of 15~20cm, and a furrow spacing (distance between the centers of two adjacent furrows) of 30~35cm.

[0022] Preferably, the trench depth is 9cm, the trench bottom width is 18cm, and the trench spacing is 32cm.

[0023] S33. Sowing rate: Under dryland conditions, the sowing rate is 13-15 kg / mu; the actual sowing rate is calculated based on the thousand-seed weight, germination rate and field emergence rate (estimated at 85%).

[0024] S34. Sowing Operation: Sow the treated seeds evenly at the bottom of the furrow. At the same time, apply 5 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre as seed fertilizer in the furrow, applying it in layers with the seeds to prevent seedling burn. Cover the seeds with 3-4 cm of soil after sowing, and then lightly compact the soil once with a roller to ensure close contact between the seeds and the soil. Compaction intensity: The soil should be compacted but not hardened, ideally leaving a 1-2 cm deep footprint after being stepped on.

[0025] Furthermore, layered application involves first applying fertilizer, then covering with a thin layer of soil, and then sowing, or applying fertilizer 3-5 cm below and to the side of the seed.

[0026] Step 4: Covering and moisture retention measures: Straw mulching is adopted.

[0027] After sowing and compaction, evenly cover the furrows with finely chopped crop straw to a thickness of 2-3 cm. Then spray with a bio-binder at a rate of 0.5 L per square meter. The binder forms a porous crust on the surface of the straw, reducing moisture evaporation while allowing rainwater infiltration. After spraying, lightly compact the soil once.

[0028] Preferably, the straw is made from wheat, barley, or oat straw, and is 3-5 cm in length.

[0029] Preferably, the bio-binder is a 0.5% aqueous solution of starch-grafted acrylate.

[0030] Step 5: Seedling management.

[0031] S51. After emergence, conduct a full field inspection and resow in areas with missing seedlings: use pre-germinated seeds of the same variety to resow in the missing areas, cover with 2-3cm of soil, and lightly compact.

[0032] S52. When oats are at the two-leaf stage, spray the leaves with a drought-resistant agent: the amount of spraying is 30L per acre, and the liquid should be evenly covered on both sides of the leaves; choose a windless, cloudy or evening time to spray, and avoid the high temperature period at noon; if it rains within 4 hours after spraying, re-spraying is required.

[0033] Drought-resistant agent formulation: 0.1% betaine (w / v), 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (w / v), 0.01% brassinolide (w / v).

[0034] Preparation method of drought-resistant agent: Add 30g of betaine, 60g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 3g of brassinolide (30g of commercially available 0.01% brassinolide wettable powder) to every 30L of water and dissolve them completely.

[0035] S53. When oats are in the four to five leaf stage, carry out inter-row cultivation and loosening of the soil: the cultivation depth is 5-8cm, shallower near the plant and deeper between the rows, in order to cut off capillaries, reduce evaporation and promote root penetration; at the same time as cultivation, apply 8-10kg / mu of urea, 5-10cm away from the row, and cover with soil after application.

[0036] Preferably, if there is no effective rainfall of ≥10mm for 30 consecutive days after emergence, limited supplementary irrigation should be carried out; the supplementary irrigation periods are the jointing stage and the heading stage, with one irrigation each time, and 20m² each time. 3 / acre; use drip irrigation with hoses, micro-sprinkler belts or mobile sprinkler irrigation to avoid flooding.

[0037] Step 6: Pest and disease control.

[0038] S61. Prevention during sowing: Before sowing, treat the seeds with 2% tebuconazole seed dressing agent at a ratio of 1:300 (2g of agent to 600g of seeds) to prevent oat smut and rust. Wear gloves during the operation, mix the agent with the seeds thoroughly, and sow after air drying.

[0039] S62. Control during the growing season: Aphids (spread red leaf disease): When the aphid infestation rate reaches 10%~15%, spray with a 2000-fold dilution of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder (i.e., 10g of pesticide diluted in 20L of water), or a 500-fold dilution of 0.3% matrine aqueous solution, applying 30L per acre; focus on spraying the heart leaves and the underside of the leaves. The safety interval is 14 days.

[0040] Smut: If smut diseased plants are found during the jointing stage to the heading stage, they should be immediately removed and buried deep outside the field. If the disease is severe, spray with 1500 times dilution of 25% triadimefon wettable powder at 30L per mu.

[0041] Leaf rust: At the initial stage of the disease (when brown uredinia appear on the leaves), spray with 20% triadimefon EC at a dilution of 2000 times, twice consecutively, with an interval of 7-10 days.

[0042] Step 7: Harvest.

[0043] S71. Forage Harvesting: Harvest at the late milk stage to early waxy stage (when the grains are plump but still green, and the plant moisture content is 65%–70%, approximately early to mid-September), when dry matter yield and nutritional value are highest. Use a mower-flattener to harvest, leaving a stubble height of 10–15 cm. After harvesting, allow the grass to dry in the field for 2–3 days (turning it over once a day). When the moisture content drops to 15%–18%, bale it for silage or store it as hay.

[0044] S72. Seed Harvesting: If seed harvesting is required, harvest at the late waxy maturity stage to early full maturity stage (ears turn yellow, kernels are hard, and moisture content is 20%~25%). Harvest using a combine harvester or manually, then thresh. After harvesting, dry the seeds promptly to reduce the moisture content to below 12%, clean them, and store them in a dry, well-ventilated place.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: (1) Significantly improves germination rate and seedling survival rate, and increases seedling density by more than 30%; (2) Effectively promotes tillering, increases the number of effective tillers, and reduces ineffective tillers; (3) Improve plant height, panicle length, number of spikelets, number of grains per panicle and thousand-grain weight to optimize yield composition; (4) The yields of fresh grass, hay, straw and seeds have all increased significantly, with hay yield reaching 600-650 kg / mu, silage oat yield reaching 2.5-3 tons / mu, and seed yield reaching 250 kg / mu; (5) It is easy to operate, applicable to a wide range of varieties, and suitable for promotion in high-altitude dryland areas. Attached Figure Description

[0046] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0047] Figure 1 Comparison of agronomic traits of "Baiyan No. 7" oats under different treatments; Figure 2 Comparison of single-plant biomass and thousand-grain weight of "Baiyan 7" oats under different treatments. Detailed Implementation

[0048] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0049] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0050] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0051] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0052] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0053] Unless otherwise specified, the term "parts" in this invention refers to parts by weight.

[0054] Example 1 The experimental site was located in Nantan Village, Dongxia Town, Datong Hui and Tu Autonomous County, Qinghai Province, at an altitude of 3200m. It is a high-altitude dryland with black calcareous soil, a soil layer thickness >50cm, organic matter content of 1.8%, and pH 7.6. The previous crop was a fallow land that had been abandoned for two years. The average annual temperature is 3.5℃, the annual precipitation is 480mm, the evaporation is approximately 1400mm, and the frost-free period is 100 days. During the oat growing season (May to August) in the experimental year, the precipitation was 312mm, 5% lower than normal, classifying it as a relatively dry year.

[0055] The experiment included two treatments: Control group (CK): Local traditional cultivation method (row sowing with a row spacing of 25cm, no mulching, no seed treatment, application of 3 cubic meters of cow manure / mu + 10 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate as base fertilizer before sowing, no drought-resistant agent during the seedling stage, and no supplementary irrigation).

[0056] Experimental group (T): Cultivation method of the present invention.

[0057] Each treatment was replicated three times, with a test plot area of ​​100m². 2 (10m × 10m), randomized block design, with 1m wide isolation strips between blocks to prevent water and fertilizer interference. The tested variety was "Baiyan No. 7" (seed germination rate 89%, thousand-seed weight 28.6g). The total experimental area was approximately 800m². 2 (Including isolation zones and walkways).

[0058] The cultivation method for the experimental group included the following steps: S1. Autumn Land Preparation (October 15th of the previous year): The land was previously fallow with no crop residue. A deep tillage machine was used to loosen the soil to a depth of 40cm, breaking up the plow pan. Immediately after deep tillage, a rotary tiller was used to till the soil twice to a depth of 18cm, making the soil fine and level. Base fertilizer was applied during rotary tillage: 3 cubic meters / acre of well-rotted cow manure (cow manure composted in summer, odorless and free of insect eggs), 35 kg / acre of superphosphate (P2O5≥16%), and 12 kg / acre of potassium sulfate (K2O≥150%). After fertilization, a shallow tillage of 5cm was performed again to mix the fertilizer evenly with the soil. Finally, the soil was compacted once with a roller, resulting in a level and firm surface where footsteps leave approximately 1cm footprints, forming a winter moisture-retaining layer.

[0059] S2, Seed treatment (3 days before sowing, May 2nd) S21. Compound Seed Soaking: Prepare 100L of seed soaking agent (based on 50kg of seeds), containing 80g (0.08%) fulvic acid, 15g (0.015%) abscisic acid, and 500g (0.5%) potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dissolved in water. Place 50kg of seeds in a nylon mesh bag and immerse in the soaking agent at 20℃ for 7 hours, stirring once every 2 hours. After soaking, remove the seeds and spread them out in a well-ventilated indoor area to air dry for 12 hours, until the seed coat is free of visible water (not sticky when squeezed).

[0060] S22. Seed Coating: Seed coating is performed using a seed coating machine. Seed coating agent formula: 2% polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, 0.1% paclobutrazol, 0.05% zinc sulfate, 0.05% borax, 0.05% ammonium molybdate, and a film-forming agent, at a ratio of 1:50 (i.e., 1 kg of seed coating agent diluted with 2 kg of water to coat 50 kg of seeds). After coating, the seeds are air-dried for 24 hours to allow a uniform film to form on the seed surface.

[0061] S3, Sowing (May 5th).

[0062] S31. Sowing date confirmation: At 9:00 AM, the soil temperature at a depth of 5cm was measured to be 4.5℃, and the average temperature over the previous 3 days was 4.2℃, meeting the sowing requirements.

[0063] S32. Trenching: Use a manual trencher to dig trenches, 9cm deep, 18cm wide at the bottom, and 32cm apart. After trenching, clean the bottom of the trench to ensure it is flat.

[0064] S33. Sowing and Fertilizer: Based on a sowing rate of 14 kg per mu, the amount per 100 m² is calculated as follows. 2 The seeding rate is 2.25 kg per plot. Sow the treated seeds evenly at the bottom of the furrow. At the same time, apply 5 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre (0.75 kg per plot) in the furrow, 3-4 cm below and to the side of the seeds (fertilize first, cover with a thin layer of soil 2 cm, and then sow to avoid direct contact).

[0065] S34. Covering and compacting: Cover with fine soil to a thickness of 3.5cm, then compact once with a wooden roller. After compaction, the soil is compacted but not hardened.

[0066] S4. Mulching (on the day of sowing, May 5th): After sowing and compaction, evenly cover the furrows with finely chopped crop straw (barley straw, 3-5cm in length), to a thickness of 2-3cm. Then spray with a bio-binder, the formula of which is: starch-grafted acrylate (0.5% aqueous solution), at a rate of 0.5L per square meter. The binder forms a porous crust on the surface of the straw, reducing moisture evaporation while allowing rainwater infiltration. Lightly compact once after spraying.

[0067] S5. Seedling management.

[0068] S51. Seedling Inspection and Reseeding (May 25): A field survey was conducted, and 3 missing seedling sections (>30cm) were found. The same variety of pre-germinated seeds (soaked in water for 24 hours until the seedlings show white sprouts) were used for reseeding. The seedlings were covered with 2cm of soil, lightly compacted, and manually watered with 0.5L / hole.

[0069] S52. Apply drought-resistant agent at the two-leaf stage (May 28, 18 days after emergence): Prepare a drought-resistant agent at 30L / mu (4.5L per plot), containing 30g betaine, 60g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 30g 0.01% brassinolide wettable powder. Apply evenly to both sides of the leaves using a backpack sprayer at 17:00 in the evening, in windless conditions. No rain is expected within 24 hours after spraying.

[0070] S53. Cultivation and topdressing during the four- to five-leaf stage (June 18, 39 days after emergence): Use a hand-held tractor to drive the cultivation shovel, to a depth of 6cm, 5cm close to the plant. At the same time as cultivation, apply 9kg / mu of urea (1.35kg per plot), 8cm from the side of the row, and cover with soil after application.

[0071] S6. Pest and Disease Control: Before sowing, treat seeds with 2% imidacloprid seed dressing agent at a ratio of 1:300. A survey on June 25th found 12% of plants infested with aphids, reaching the control threshold. Spray with 2000 times dilution of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder (4.5L per plot), focusing on the heart leaves and undersides of the leaves. A follow-up inspection on July 10th showed the aphid infestation rate had decreased to 3%. No smut or rust occurred throughout the entire growth period.

[0072] S7. Harvesting: September 10th (late milk stage, plant moisture content approximately 68%), harvested with a small mower, leaving a stubble height of 12cm. Fresh weight was measured separately for each plot. A portion of the samples was dried in a 65℃ oven for 72 hours to constant weight, and the dry matter content was calculated. Ten additional plants (two plants per five sampling points) were taken for seed testing. Seed harvesting: 5m³ of seed was collected from each plot. 2 Threshing is done separately, followed by sun drying and weighing.

[0073] Test evaluation indicators and methods At the oat wax ripening stage (September 5th), each plot was sampled using a five-point sampling method (four corners and the center of the plot), with 10 plants randomly selected from each point (a total of 50 plants) to determine the following indicators: Agronomic traits: plant height (from ground to top of ear, measured with a ruler, cm), ear length (from base to top of ear, cm), number of spikelets (count the number of spikelets per ear), number of grains per ear (count the number of full grains after threshing), number of effective tillers (tillers that can produce ears and grains), number of ineffective tillers (tillers that do not produce ears or produce ears but do not produce grains).

[0074] Biomass: Fresh weight per plant (fresh weight of the entire aboveground part of the plant, g), dry weight per plant (dried at 65℃ to constant weight, g), and straw weight per plant (dry weight of straw after threshing, g). Calculate the yield per mu of fresh grass, dry grass, and straw (kg / mu).

[0075] Yield traits: 1000-grain weight (1000 grains were randomly selected and weighed, repeated 3 times, and the average value was taken, in g), plot yield (the entire plot was weighed after harvest, in kg / 100m²). 2 ), Seed yield per mu (kg / mu).

[0076] Seedling density: 20 days after emergence (May 25th), randomly select 3 seedlings of 1m each from each plot. 2 The number of seedlings in a quadrat is counted and converted to 10,000 plants per mu (unit of land area).

[0077] Each indicator was repeated three times and the average value was taken. One-way ANOVA was performed using SPSS 22.0. Differences between treatments were compared using the least significant difference (LSD) method (α=0.05).

[0078] (1) The agronomic traits of “Baiyan No. 7” oats under different treatments are shown in Table 1.

[0079] Table 1. Comparison of agronomic traits of "Baiyan No. 7" oats under different treatments

[0080] Note: Data in the table are mean ± standard deviation; different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences. P <0.05); ** express P <0.01.

[0081] Comparison of agronomic traits between the experimental and control groups, for example Figure 1 As shown. By Figure 1 As shown in Table 1, all agronomic traits of the experimental group (T) were significantly better than those of the control group (CK). P <0.05).

[0082] Plant height: The T treatment was 142.5 cm, which was 20.6% higher than the CK (118.2 cm). The increase in plant height was mainly due to the improved root growth environment caused by deep loosening in autumn, and the increased soil moisture content during the seedling stage due to furrow sowing and straw mulching, which promoted cell elongation.

[0083] Ear length: The ear length of the T treatment was 16.3 cm, which was 24.4% higher than that of the CK (13.1 cm). The increase in ear length was related to the improved water supply during the spikelet differentiation period (jointing to heading). Mulching and soil moisture retention resulted in a 22% higher soil moisture content in the 0-20 cm layer during this stage compared to the CK.

[0084] Spikelet number and grain number: The T treatment had 36.8 spikelets / spike, an increase of 24.7% compared to the CK (29.5); and 58.6 grains / spike, an increase of 32.6% compared to the CK (44.2). Spikelet number and grain number are key factors in yield formation. Their significant increase is attributed to the seed compound treatment (humic acid + ABA) which improved drought resistance during the young spikelet differentiation period, and the application of drought-resistant agents (containing betaine and brassinolide) at the three-leaf stage which reduced floret degeneration.

[0085] Tillering: Treatment T produced 3.6 effective tillers per plant, a 63.6% increase compared to CK (2.2); and 0.4 ineffective tillers per plant, a 55.6% decrease compared to CK (0.9). The increase in effective tillers was mainly due to furrow sowing improving ventilation and light penetration within the plant population, and the mid-season cultivation and topdressing (9 kg / mu of urea) at the five-leaf stage promoting tillering and ear formation. The decrease in ineffective tillers was related to paclobutrazol (0.1%) in the seed dressing agent, which inhibits basal internode elongation and reduces the occurrence of ineffective tillers.

[0086] Analysis of variance showed that the F-values ​​among all treatments for all agronomic traits were significant ( P (<0.01), LSD multiple comparisons further confirmed a significant difference between the T treatment and CK.

[0087] (2) The biomass per plant and thousand-grain weight of oat “Baiyan No. 7” under different treatments are shown in Table 2.

[0088] Table 2. Biomass per plant and thousand-grain weight of "Baiyan No. 7" oats under different treatments

[0089] Note: Data in the table are mean ± standard deviation; different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences. P <0.05); ** express P <0.01.

[0090] The biomass per plant and thousand-grain weight of "Baiyan No. 7" oats under different treatments are as follows: Figure 2 As shown, by Figure 2As shown in Table 2, the fresh weight of single plants, dry weight, straw weight and seed weight of treatment T increased by 45.6%, 53.8%, 48.3% and 49.8% respectively compared with CK, and the thousand-grain weight increased by 16.7%.

[0091] Single plant fresh weight and hay weight: The hay weight of a single plant in treatment T was 30.6 g, an increase of 10.7 g compared to CK (19.9 g). The increase in dry matter accumulation mainly came from two aspects: firstly, the increase in plant height and tillering expanded the photosynthetic area; secondly, straw mulch and drought-resistant agents reduced the inhibition of photosynthesis by drought stress. Chlorophyll content (SPAD value) measurement showed that treatment T was 15.6% higher than CK.

[0092] Straw weight: The straw weight in treatment T was 24.8g, an increase of 8.1g compared to CK (16.7g). As an important component of forage, the increase in straw yield also benefits from the overall improvement in population biomass.

[0093] Seed weight and thousand-grain weight: The seed weight per plant in treatment T was 13.2g, an increase of 4.4g compared to CK (8.8g); the thousand-grain weight was 34.2g, an increase of 4.9g compared to CK (29.3g). The increase in seed yield was due to the synergistic increase in the number of grains per ear and the thousand-grain weight. The increase in thousand-grain weight indicates improved water supply during the grain-filling period (late July to mid-August) (rainwater supply retained by straw mulch), and that potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the drought-resistant agent promoted the translocation of photosynthetic products to the grains.

[0094] (3) The yield of “Baiyan No. 7” oat plots under different treatments is shown in Table 3, and the yield per mu is shown in Table 4.

[0095] Table 3. Yield of "Baiyan 7" oat plots under different treatments

[0096] Note: Data in the table are mean ± standard deviation; different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences. P <0.05); ** express P <0.01.

[0097] Table 4. Yield of "Baiyan No. 7" oats per mu under different treatments

[0098] Note: Yield per mu = plot yield × 6.667 (1 mu = 666.7 m²) 2 100m of the community 2 The yield of fresh grass per mu (unit of land area) is the yield of silage oats.

[0099] As shown in Table 3, the fresh weight, hay weight, straw weight, and seed weight of the T treatment plot increased by 45.8%, 54.3%, 47.9%, and 49.8% respectively compared to the CK. Converted to yield per mu (unit of land area), the T treatment yielded approximately 4350 kg of fresh hay (for silage oats), 625 kg of hay, and 246 kg of seeds, representing increases of 52.6%, 54.3%, 48.0%, and 50.0% respectively compared to the CK.

[0100] To further clarify the dominant factors contributing to yield increase, correlation and path analyses were conducted on the yield components (number of effective panicles, number of grains per panicle, and thousand-grain weight). The results showed that the number of effective panicles (i.e., seedling density × effective tillers) had the largest direct path coefficient on yield (0.675), followed by the number of grains per panicle (0.418) and the thousand-grain weight (0.202). This indicates that the present invention primarily increases the number of effective panicles by improving seedling density and effective tillers, which is the primary reason for yield increase; simultaneously, the significant increase in the number of grains per panicle also contributed a substantial proportion.

[0101] Twenty days after emergence, a survey of basic seedlings was conducted. The average number of seedlings in the control group (CK) was 252,000 per mu (667 square meters), while the average number in the treatment group (T) was 348,000 per mu (667 square meters), resulting in a 38.1% increase in seedling survival rate (348,000 / 252,000 - 1 = 0.381). This improvement in seedling survival rate was attributed to: the combined seed treatment improving germination rate and seedling drought resistance; furrow sowing with mulch improving seedbed temperature and humidity; and breaking the mulch to allow seedlings to emerge, preventing high-temperature scorching.

[0102] This invention systematically solves the problems of difficult seedling protection and low yield of oats in cold and arid environments by integrating multiple technical measures.

[0103] (1) Deep tillage in autumn: Deep tillage to 40cm breaks up the plow pan and increases the soil water reservoir capacity. Measurements show that the soil water storage capacity of 0-60cm before sowing is 138mm in treatment T and 115mm in control CK. Treatment T stores 23mm more water, which provides a foundation for drought resistance during the seedling stage.

[0104] (2) Seed compound treatment: fulvic acid can increase the activity of α-amylase during seed germination, ABA induces the expression of drought resistance genes, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate provides phosphorus and potassium nutrition. The three synergistically increased the germination rate from 86% in the control group (CK) to 94% in the treatment group (T), and the seedling root length increased by 17%.

[0105] (3) Furrow sowing and mulching: furrow sowing collects rainwater, and mulching with straw inhibits evaporation. Measurements showed that 30 days after sowing, the soil moisture content in the 0-20cm layer of the T treatment was 17.8%, while that in the CK treatment was 13.9%, an increase of 3.9%.

[0106] (4) Spraying of drought-resistant agents: Spraying betaine + brassinolide at the two-leaf stage can maintain leaf cell turgor pressure and improve the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv / Fm). The results showed that 7 days after spraying, the relative water content of leaves in treatment T was 79% and that in treatment CK was 66%, with a significant difference.

[0107] (5) Intertillage and topdressing: Apply 9 kg / mu of urea at the four to five leaf stage to meet the nitrogen requirements of oats during the tillering and jointing stage. Intertillage and loosening of the soil reduces soil evaporation and promotes the development of secondary roots.

[0108] In 100m 2 Large-scale field trials have demonstrated that, in the arid and cold environment of Nantang Village, the cultivation method described in this invention for planting "Baiyan No. 7" forage oats significantly improves agronomic traits, increases effective tillering, and raises the number of grains per ear and the thousand-grain weight, thereby substantially increasing the yields of fresh hay, hay, straw, and seeds. Specifically, the hay yield reached 965 kg / mu, the silage oat yield reached 2.77 tons / mu, and the seed yield reached 368 kg / mu. The seedling density increased from 252,000 plants / mu in the traditional method to 348,000 plants / mu, improving the seedling survival rate by 38.1%. This invention's method has a significant effect on achieving seedling survival and yield increase for "Baiyan No. 7" in high-altitude dryland areas, and is also applicable to other oat varieties suitable for arid and cold regions, possessing broad promotional value.

[0109] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for protecting seedlings and increasing yield of forage oats in cold and arid environments, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Deep loosening and land preparation in autumn, applying sufficient base fertilizer, and compacting to retain moisture; S2. Oat seeds are soaked in a mixture of humic acid and abscisic acid, and then coated with a drought-resistant seed coating agent. S3. Sow in early spring furrows, cover with soil and compact, cover the furrows with crop straw and spray with biological binder; S4. Spray drought-resistant agents containing betaine, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and brassinolide during the seedling stage, and apply nitrogen fertilizer when the seedlings are in the four- to five-leaf stage. S5. Harvest from the late milk stage to the early wax stage.

2. The method for protecting seedlings and increasing yield of forage oats in a cold and arid environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the autumn deep loosening depth is 35-45cm, and the base fertilizer includes 3-4 cubic meters / mu of farmyard manure, 30-40 kg / mu of superphosphate, and 10-15 kg / mu of potassium sulfate.

3. The method for protecting seedlings and increasing yield of forage oats in a cold and arid environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the compound soaking agent is a mixed aqueous solution of 0.05%~0.10% fulvic acid, 0.01%~0.02% abscisic acid and 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The soaking time is 6~8 hours, and after soaking, the seeds are air-dried until there is no visible water in the seed coat.

4. The method for protecting seedlings and increasing yield of forage oats in a cold and arid environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the sowing furrow depth is 8-10cm, the furrow width is 15-20cm, the furrow spacing is 30-35cm, the sowing rate is 13-15kg / mu, the soil covering thickness is 3-4cm, and the soil is compacted after sowing.

5. The method for protecting seedlings and increasing yield of forage oats in a cold and arid environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the drought-resistant agent is an aqueous solution of 0.1% betaine, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.01% brassinolide, with a spraying rate of 30L / mu, applied at the three-leaf-one-heart stage.

6. The method for protecting seedlings and increasing yield of forage oats in a cold and arid environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the crop straw is covered with 2-3 cm of straw.

7. The method for protecting seedlings and increasing yield of forage oats in a cold and arid environment according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S3, the bio-binder comprises a 0.5% aqueous solution of starch-grafted acrylate.

8. The method for protecting seedlings and increasing yield of forage oats in a cold and arid environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: If there is no effective rainfall of ≥10mm for 30 consecutive days during the jointing stage and the heading stage, supplement irrigation should be carried out once each time, with 20m³ of water per irrigation. 3 / mu.

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