A synergistic composition of chrysin coupled with in-situ rapid composting of straw and returning to field and soil biological nitrification regulation and application method

Abstract

This invention discloses a synergistic composition and application method that couples poplarin with in-situ rapid composting and returning of straw to the field, while also regulating soil biological nitrification. It belongs to the technical fields of agricultural waste resource utilization, farmland ecological improvement, and farmland nitrogen emission reduction. The composition comprises 5-18 parts of a biocompound composting agent, 25-45 parts of an organic carbon carrier, 12-30 parts of a mineral conditioner, 8-22 parts of an active regulatory functional component, 0.15-2.5 parts of poplarin, and 3-10 parts of functional adjuvants. This composition can rapidly compost straw, simultaneously inhibit soil nitrification, reduce nitrogen loss, and increase soil organic matter and crop yield. The application method includes steps such as straw crushing, spreading the composition, rotary tillage and mixing, and field composting. This invention achieves a synergistic effect of efficient straw resource utilization and farmland nitrogen emission reduction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural waste resource utilization and arable land ecological improvement, and farmland nitrogen emission reduction technology. In particular, it relates to a synergistic composition and application method of poplarin coupled with in-situ rapid composting and returning of straw to the field, which also has the function of regulating soil biological nitrification. Background Technology

[0002] my country has a long history of agricultural development, with high land use intensity. The continuous cropping of rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, and other cash crops is common, resulting in a large output of crop straw from large-scale agricultural production year after year. The harmless, resource-oriented, and circular disposal of straw has become a crucial aspect of modern ecological agriculture. Returning straw to the field in situ is currently the most economical, efficient, and widely applicable method of straw disposal. It not only returns the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, and trace elements enriched in straw to the soil, continuously replenishing inert organic matter, but also alleviates a series of soil degradation problems caused by the long-term use of chemical fertilizers, such as sharp decline in arable land organic matter, damage to soil aggregate structure, topsoil compaction, soil fertility decline, and secondary salinization. Therefore, it has irreplaceable practical significance for maintaining arable land productivity and building a crop-livestock circular agricultural system.

[0003] However, in actual field production, the traditional natural straw return method has significant technical shortcomings, limiting its ability to improve quality and efficiency. Firstly, the dense cell wall structure of crop straw, with lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose interwoven to form a barrier against degradation, coupled with the simple structure of native microbial communities in farmland and their weak secretion of degradation enzymes, results in an extremely slow straw decomposition process under natural conditions. Especially in the Yangtze River mid-lower reaches autumn-winter continuous cropping areas and the low-temperature dryland areas of northern China, low-temperature stress further inhibits microbial metabolic activity, with the complete decomposition cycle of conventional straw generally lasting 3-6 months. Undecomposed, hard straw residue remaining in the soil topsoil not only causes excessive voids and reduced water and fertilizer retention capacity, but also easily induces seed suspension, hindered germination, and difficulty in root development in subsequent crops. Simultaneously, insect eggs and pathogens carried by the straw remain in the field, increasing the risk of soil-borne diseases and overwintering pests.

[0004] Secondly, existing commercial straw composting products are mostly concentrated on the compounding of degrading microbial agents, with relatively simple functional designs. They only focus on the decomposition of organic matter and neglect the regulation of soil nitrogen cycle throughout the entire straw decomposition process. Straw has a high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, which easily induces large-scale competition for available nitrogen sources among soil microorganisms in the early stages of decomposition. At the same time, it stimulates the proliferation of nitrifying microorganisms such as ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing archaea, accelerating the rapid conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in the soil. Nitrate nitrogen is highly water-soluble and has a weak soil adsorption and fixation capacity. Driven by rainfall or irrigation, it is easily leached into deep soil pores, causing nitrogen loss in shallow cultivated land and excessive nitrate in groundwater. It also promotes nitrous oxide emissions from farmland, exacerbating the greenhouse effect and regional ecological load, and continuously increasing the pressure on agricultural non-point source pollution control.

[0005] Current improvement techniques, such as the artificial addition of chemically synthesized nitrification inhibitors, single-agent improvement, or supplementation with exogenous carbon and nitrogen materials, all have significant limitations. Conventional chemical inhibitors have short-lived effects and poor environmental tolerance; long-term application can easily disrupt the homeostatics of the native soil microbial community. Single-agent improvement has weak stress resistance, and its activity decreases significantly under fluctuating temperature and humidity, saline-alkali, or infertile soil conditions. Various single improvement methods cannot simultaneously achieve multiple objectives such as rapid straw decomposition, soil microecological restoration, and targeted regulation of nitrogen transformation, resulting in insufficient comprehensive improvement efficiency.

[0006] Poplarin is a naturally derived flavonoid bioactive compound widely found in the tissues of natural plants such as those in the Salicaceae and Oleaceae families. It is characterized by its low toxicity, environmental friendliness, and good biocompatibility. Current basic research confirms that poplarin can effectively regulate microbial community structure, inhibit the excessive proliferation of harmful microorganisms, regulate the activity of key enzymes in soil nitrogen metabolism, and improve the rhizosphere microenvironment. However, in existing publicly available technologies and literature, the application of poplarin is mainly concentrated in niche areas such as pharmaceutical synthesis, crop disease resistance and plant protection, and antibacterial preservation. There are no known composite technical solutions that incorporate it into straw in-situ return systems or couple it with microbial agent degradation to simultaneously regulate soil biological nitrification. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In response to the core technical defects of existing traditional straw return to the field, such as slow decomposition rate, serious nitrogen loss, unbalanced nitrification process, single function of improved products, poor low temperature adaptability, and low overall benefits, this invention proposes a synergistic composition and application method that couples poplarin with in-situ rapid decomposition and return of straw to the field and also regulates soil biological nitrification.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A synergistic composition for in-situ rapid composting and returning of straw to the field, coupled with the regulation of soil biological nitrification, comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-18 parts of biological compound composting agent, 25-45 parts of organic carbon carrier, 12-30 parts of mineral conditioner, 8-22 parts of active regulatory functional component, 0.15-2.5 parts of poplarin, and 3-10 parts of functional adjuvant.

[0009] This invention breaks through traditional formulation design thinking, innovatively introducing the natural active component flavonoids, and scientifically combining it with customized bio-compound composting agents, organic carbon carriers, mineral conditioners, and active regulatory functional components to construct a four-in-one synergistic system of microbial degradation, organic carbon improvement, mineral passivation, and natural biological activity regulation. This invention works synergistically from multiple dimensions of physical improvement, chemical regulation, and biological regulation, overcoming the pain points of straw's difficulty in degradation and long composting cycle, while also targeting and inhibiting excessive nitrification in the soil, balancing the nitrogen conversion pattern in farmland, and taking into account both long-term soil fertility and agricultural ecological emission reduction. It fills the technological gap in the field of natural flavonoids for straw nitrification regulation, providing a new and feasible technical solution for green and low-carbon farming, improving farmland quality, and high-quality resource utilization of straw.

[0010] Furthermore, the biological compound composting agent comprises Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, white-rot fungi, and actinomycetes, with a viable count mass ratio of (2-5):(1-3):(0.8-2):(1-2.5) for the four functional microorganisms, and the total effective viable count of the biological compound composting agent is not less than 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g.

[0011] Furthermore, the organic carbon carrier is selected from one or more of humic acid, coconut shell biochar, wood ash and corn cob powder, and the raw material particle size is 80-120 mesh.

[0012] Furthermore, the mineral conditioner is prepared by mixing montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer and bentonite in a mass ratio of (3-6):(2-4):(1-3):(1-2).

[0013] Furthermore, the active regulatory functional component is composed of trehalose, proline, and chitosan in a mass ratio of (3-6):(2-4):(2-4), which is used to increase the stability of euphorbia succinate and the activity of the composition of microbial agents.

[0014] Furthermore, the functional additive is one or more of sodium lignosulfonate, maltodextrin, and inorganic binder bentonite, used to improve the dispersibility of the composition, the adhesion of straw in the field, and the storage stability.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a synergistic composition that couples poplarin with in-situ rapid composting and returning of straw to the field and also regulates soil biological nitrification, comprising the following steps: mixing bio-compound composting agent, organic carbon carrier, mineral conditioner, active regulatory functional component, poplarin and functional adjuvant evenly to obtain the synergistic composition.

[0016] This invention also provides a method for applying a synergistic composition that couples poplarin with in-situ rapid composting and returning of straw to the field, and also regulates soil biological nitrification, comprising the following steps: 1) Field pretreatment of straw: After the mechanized harvesting of crops, the straw residue in the field is cut and crushed using a straw crusher, and the length of the straw segments is controlled to be 3-8cm, and then evenly spread on the surface of the farmland topsoil. 2) Quantitative application of the composition: According to the field planting pattern and ambient temperature conditions, select an application dose of 25-60 kg / mu and evenly spread the synergistic composition to cover the surface of the straw. 3) In-situ composting with topsoil: Deep rotary tillage is carried out using rotary tillage machinery, with the tillage depth controlled at 15-25cm, so that the straw material and the synergistic composition are evenly mixed with the 0-25cm topsoil layer of the farmland; artificial water replenishment or natural rainfall is used to adjust the soil moisture content according to the soil moisture condition, maintaining the field water holding capacity of the soil at 60-85%, and allowing for in-situ natural decomposition. 4) Standardized agricultural management in the later stage: Normal routine field management such as land preparation, application of base fertilizer, crop sowing or seedling transplanting.

[0017] Furthermore, during the low-temperature autumn and winter seasons when the average daily ambient temperature is 5-15℃, the application dosage of the synergistic composition is 40-60 kg / mu; during the normal-temperature growing season when the average daily ambient temperature is 15-30℃, the application dosage of the synergistic composition is controlled at 25-40 kg / mu.

[0018] Furthermore, the field water holding capacity of dryland farmland should be maintained at 60-70%; the field water holding capacity of paddy field rotation farmland should be maintained at 70-85%, with a shallow water layer of 3-5 cm remaining on the field surface, and the alternating anaerobic-aerobic environment should be used to enhance straw decomposition.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: The synergistic composition of this invention uses a biological compound composting agent as the core for degradation, an organic carbon carrier to improve the soil carbon pool, a mineral conditioner to optimize the soil physicochemical properties, and active regulatory functional components combined with poplarin to achieve bio-chemical synergistic control of nitrification. The components complement each other synergistically, greatly improving the overall application effect.

[0020] The standardized field application process of the synergistic composition provided by this invention is adaptable to different types of cultivated land, temperature ranges, and straw types. It is easy to operate, highly adaptable to mechanization, and easy to promote on a large scale. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 A standardized field application process flow chart for the synergistic composition provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0024] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0025] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0026] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0027] This invention creates a complex synergistic system of flavonoid active substance apigenin, combined with specific biocompound composting agents, organic carbon carriers, mineral conditioners, and active regulatory functional components to construct a synergistic formula. This invention relies on a multi-coupling mechanism of microbial degradation, carbon source improvement, mineral passivation, and targeted regulation of bioactivity. On the one hand, it efficiently breaks the dense cross-linked structure of lignin-cellulose-hemicellulose in straw, significantly improving the in-situ decomposition rate of straw under both normal and low-temperature conditions. On the other hand, it leverages the targeted regulatory effect of apigenin on the abundance of soil nitrifying microorganisms and the activity of key nitrogen conversion enzymes, synergistically with active regulatory functional agents such as trehalose, to achieve long-term stable control of soil biological nitrification processes and reduce non-point source nitrogen pollution in farmland. The composition of this invention has stable composition, excellent environmental compatibility, and no chemical residues. Its application process is suitable for large-scale mechanized field operations. It can simultaneously achieve multiple benefits such as straw resource utilization, improvement of arable land organic matter, improvement of soil physical and chemical properties, and improvement of nitrogen use efficiency. It is applicable to the in-situ straw return to the field in various scenarios such as rice-wheat rotation, dryland grain, and cash crops, and has outstanding industrialization and promotion value.

[0028] This invention provides a synergistic composition that couples poplarin with in-situ rapid composting and returning of straw to the field, while also regulating soil biological nitrification. The composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-18 parts (e.g., 10 or 12 parts) of biological compound composting agent, 25-45 parts (e.g., 35 or 38 parts) of organic carbon carrier, 12-30 parts (e.g., 20 or 22 parts) of mineral conditioner, 8-22 parts (e.g., 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15 parts) of active regulatory functional component, 0.15-2.5 parts (e.g., 0.15, 0.3, 0.8, 1.5 or 2.5 parts) of poplarin, and 3-10 parts (e.g., 8 parts) of functional adjuvant.

[0029] In the following optional embodiments of the present invention, the biological composite composting agent comprises Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, white-rot fungi, and actinomycetes, with a viable count mass ratio of (2-5):(1-3):(0.8-2):(1-2.5) for the four functional microorganisms, and the total effective viable count of the biological composite composting agent is not less than 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g. For example, in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, the viable cell count ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, white-rot fungi, and actinomycetes is 3.5:2:1.4:1.7, 2:3:2:2.5, or 5:1:0.8:1.

[0030] In the following optional embodiments of the present invention, the organic carbon carrier is selected from one or more of humic acid, coconut shell biochar, wood ash, and corn cob powder, and the raw material particle size is 80-120 mesh. Exemplarily, in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, the raw material particle size is 80 mesh, 100 mesh, or 120 mesh.

[0031] In the following optional embodiments of the present invention, the mineral conditioner is prepared by mixing montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, calcium magnesium silicate fertilizer, and bentonite in a mass ratio of (3-6):(2-4):(1-3):(1-2). Exemplarily, in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, calcium magnesium silicate fertilizer, and bentonite is 4:3:2:1.5.

[0032] In the following optional embodiments of the present invention, the activity-regulating functional component is composed of trehalose, proline, and chitosan in a mass ratio of (3-6):(2-4):(2-4), used to increase the stability of eurygin and the activity of the composition's bacterial agent. Exemplarily, in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of trehalose, proline, and chitosan is 3:4:4, 4:4:4, 5:4:4, 6:4:4, 6:2:2, 6:3:3, or 6:4:4.

[0033] In the following optional embodiments of the present invention, the functional adjuvant is one or more of sodium lignosulfonate, maltodextrin, and inorganic binder bentonite, used to improve the dispersibility, field straw adhesion, and storage stability of the composition. Exemplarily, in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, the functional adjuvant is a mixture of sodium lignosulfonate and maltodextrin (mass ratio 1:1), a mixture of sodium lignosulfonate, maltodextrin, and inorganic binder bentonite (mass ratio 1:1:1), sodium lignosulfonate, maltodextrin, or inorganic binder bentonite.

[0034] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a synergistic composition that couples poplarin with in-situ rapid composting and returning of straw to the field and also regulates soil biological nitrification, comprising the following steps: mixing bio-compound composting agent, organic carbon carrier, mineral conditioner, active regulatory functional component, poplarin and functional adjuvant evenly to obtain the synergistic composition.

[0035] This invention also provides an application method for a synergistic composition that couples poplarin with in-situ rapid composting and returning of straw to the field, while also regulating soil biological nitrification. The process flow diagram is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the process includes straw pretreatment in the field → quantitative application of the compound → mechanical rotary tillage for mixing → in-situ composting in the field, specifically including the following steps: 1) Field pretreatment of straw: After the mechanized harvesting of crops, use a straw crusher to cut and crush the residual straw in the field, control the length of the straw segments to 3-8cm (such as 4cm or 5cm), and spread them evenly on the surface of the farmland topsoil. 2) Quantitative application of the composition: According to the field planting pattern and environmental temperature conditions, select an application dose of 25-60 kg / mu and evenly spread the synergistic composition to cover the straw surface; in the low-temperature autumn and winter seasons when the average daily temperature is 5-15℃ (e.g., 5-8℃), the application dose of the synergistic composition is 40-60 kg / mu (e.g., 40 kg / mu); in the normal temperature growing season when the average daily temperature is 15-30℃ (e.g., 18-22℃ or 25-28℃), the application dose of the synergistic composition is controlled at 25-40 kg / mu (e.g., 35 kg / mu or 40 kg / mu). 3) Mechanical rotary tillage and mixing: Deep rotary tillage is carried out using rotary tillage machinery, with the tillage depth controlled at 15-25cm, so that the straw material, the synergistic composition and the 0-25cm topsoil layer of the farmland are evenly mixed; the field water holding capacity of dryland farmland is maintained at 60-70% (e.g., 65%); the field water holding capacity of paddy field rotation farmland is maintained at 70-85% (e.g., 75%), and a shallow water layer of 3-5cm (e.g., 4cm) is left on the field surface, and the alternating anaerobic-aerobic environment enhances the decomposition of straw; 4) In-situ composting in the field: Based on soil moisture conditions, artificial water replenishment or natural rainfall regulation is used to maintain the soil field water holding capacity at 60-85%, allowing for in-situ natural decomposition; 5) Standardized agricultural management in the later stage: Normal routine field management such as land preparation, application of base fertilizer, crop sowing or seedling transplanting.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, "room temperature" and "normal temperature" in this invention refer to 25±2℃.

[0037] Unless otherwise specified, the term "parts" in this invention refers to parts by weight.

[0038] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the present invention does not have special requirements for the source of each component, and commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art can be used.

[0039] In the following examples, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, white-rot fungi, and actinomycetes were all purchased from Huai'an Chaimihe Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.; humic acid was purchased from Huai'an Dahua Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; coconut shell-based biochar was purchased from Huai'an Hongrui Charcoal Industry Technology Co., Ltd.; wood ash was purchased from Jiangsu Guoxin Huai'an Biomass Power Generation Co., Ltd.; corn cob powder was purchased from Jiangsu Xuyi Tingyu Corn Cob Processing Plant; eurygol was purchased from Yunnan Xili Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer, and bentonite were purchased from Inner Mongolia Jinwoyuan Fertilizer Co., Ltd.; trehalose was purchased from Taizhou Jufengyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; proline and chitosan were purchased from Jiangsu Caiwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; sodium lignosulfonate was purchased from Nanjing Dulai Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; maltodextrin was purchased from Jiangsu Aofu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; and inorganic binder-type bentonite was purchased from Clariant Bentonite (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd.

[0040] The following examples were conducted from June 2022 to June 2024, with the rice season from June to November and the harvest season in November, and the wheat season from November to June of the following year and the harvest season in June.

[0041] For conventional applications (16 kg / mu nitrogen fertilizer for rice, 15 kg / mu nitrogen fertilizer for wheat), the nitrogen fertilizer application method for rice is as follows: the ratio of basal fertilizer to two topdressings is 1.5:1:2. The basal fertilizer and the fertilizer mixture are applied simultaneously in mid-June. Topdressing fertilizer for tillering is applied at the end of July, and topdressing fertilizer for heading is applied in mid-August. For wheat, the nitrogen fertilizer application method is as follows: the ratio of basal fertilizer to heading fertilizer is 2:3. The basal fertilizer and the fertilizer mixture are applied simultaneously at the end of November, and topdressing fertilizer for heading is applied at the end of April. Nitrogen fertilizer reduction refers to the simultaneous reduction of both basal and topdressing amounts.

[0042] The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated by the following embodiments.

[0043] Example 1: Effects of salicumin on straw decomposition and soil organic matter in rice / wheat fields 1.1 Experimental Materials and Design 1. Test crops: rice (Nanjing 9108) and wheat (Huaimai 33). Both rice and wheat varieties are the main crop varieties promoted in Huai'an City.

[0044] 2. Experimental site: Cuiqiao Village, Heping Town, Qingjiangpu District, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province (33°25′31″N, 119°0′11″E) (tidal soil; the basic soil conditions in the 0~20cm soil layer of the experimental field are as follows: pH=8.4, organic matter is 1.8%, total nitrogen is 0.95g / kg, available phosphorus is 11.3mg / kg, and available potassium is 124.0mg / kg).

[0045] 3. T1 (Treatment Group) Formula: 10 parts of biological compound composting agent (the mass ratio of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, white-rot fungi, and actinomycetes is 3.5:2:1.4:1.7, and the effective viable bacteria count is 2.0 × 10⁻⁶). 9 CFU / g (the same below), 35 parts of organic carbon carrier (humic acid and coconut shell biochar in a mass ratio of 1:1, raw material particle size of 100 mesh), 20 parts of mineral conditioner (montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer and bentonite in a mass ratio of 4:3:2:1.5), 14 parts of active regulatory components (trehalose, proline and chitosan in a mass ratio of 6:4:4), 8 parts of functional additives (sodium lignosulfonate and maltodextrin in a mass ratio of 1:1) and 0.8 parts of eucalyptol.

[0046] CK1 (control group) formula: does not contain ginsenoside, the other components are the same as T1.

[0047] 4. Preparation method of the composition: Mix the biological compound composting agent, organic carbon carrier, mineral conditioner, active regulatory functional component, euphorbia lysin and functional adjuvant evenly to obtain the synergistic composition.

[0048] 5. Application parameters: At normal temperature (daily average 18-22℃), the dosage for paddy fields is 40 kg / mu, with straw crushed to 5 cm, rotary tillage to 20 cm, and water holding capacity of 75% (shallow water layer 4 cm); the dosage for wheat fields is 35 kg / mu, with straw crushed to 4 cm, rotary tillage to 20 cm, and water holding capacity of 65%. The specific application method is as follows, where the range value is adaptively selected from the above point values: 1) Field pretreatment of straw: After the mechanized harvesting of crops, the straw residue in the field is cut and crushed using a straw crusher, and the length of the straw segments is controlled to be 3-8cm, and then evenly spread on the surface of the farmland topsoil. 2) Quantitative application of the composition: According to the field planting pattern and environmental temperature conditions, select an application dose of 25-60 kg / mu and evenly spread the synergistic composition to cover the surface of the straw; among them, in the low-temperature autumn and winter season when the average daily temperature is 5-15℃, the application dose of the synergistic composition is 40-60 kg / mu; in the normal temperature growing season when the average daily temperature is 15-30℃, the application dose of the synergistic composition is controlled at 25-40 kg / mu. 3) Mechanical rotary tillage and mixing: Deep rotary tillage is carried out using rotary tillage machinery, with the tillage depth controlled at 15-25cm, so that the straw material, the synergistic compound, and the 0-25cm topsoil layer of farmland are evenly mixed; in dryland farmland, the soil field water holding capacity is maintained at 60-70%; in paddy field rotation farmland, the soil field water holding capacity is maintained at 70-85%, and a shallow water layer of 3-5cm is left on the field surface to enhance the decomposition of straw in an alternating anaerobic-aerobic environment; 4) In-situ composting in the field: Based on soil moisture conditions, artificial water replenishment or natural rainfall regulation is used to maintain soil field water holding capacity at 60-85% for in-situ natural composting; 5) Standardized agricultural management in the later stage: Normal routine field management such as land preparation, application of base fertilizer, crop sowing or seedling transplanting.

[0049] 6. Repetitive design: 3 repetitions, with a plot area of ​​20m². 2 (4m×5m), randomized block, with 60cm isolation row (to prevent moisture, water and fertilizer from seeping into the soil).

[0050] 1.2 Measurement Indicators and Methods 1. Straw decomposition: Before composting: After grain harvest and before straw is returned to the field, three representative plots were randomly selected, and five straw samples (approximately 50g each) were collected from each plot. Impurities (stones, weeds) were removed, and the samples were mixed into one composite sample (approximately 250g), for a total of three composite samples.

[0051] After decomposition (10 / 20 / 25 days): In the same plot, use a shovel to collect straw residue from the 10cm soil layer. Randomly select 5 sampling points in each plot, collect about 20g of straw residue from each point, remove the attached soil, and mix them into 1 composite sample (about 100g), for a total of 3 composite samples.

[0052] The cellulose content in straw was determined using the DNS method, specifically in accordance with the standard NY / T912-2004 "Determination of Cellulose in Feed".

[0053] 2. Soil indicators: Soil organic matter content (using the oil bath heating potassium dichromate oxidation method) and soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3) were measured before and after decomposition. - -N) generation amount (by colorimetric method) and salicylic acid residue (by high performance liquid chromatography).

[0054] 3. Crop yield: Measure the number of effective ears, thousand-grain weight, and yield at harvest.

[0055] The results are shown in Table 1.

[0056] Table 1. Effects of apigenin on straw decomposition and soil organic matter in rice / wheat fields. As shown in Table 1, compared with the control group without apigenin (CK1), the combined application of apigenin (T1) significantly improved the straw cellulose degradation rate, soil organic matter accumulation, and soil nitrification inhibition capacity, and effectively increased crop yield. After 25 days, the straw cellulose degradation rate increased by 38.36–39.42%, and the soil organic matter increase increased by 67.27–69.05%; the soil nitrification inhibition rate increased from 7.3–8.7% without apigenin to 28.7–32.5%. This indicates that apigenin has a significant positive synergistic regulatory effect on straw decomposition capacity, soil organic matter enhancement, soil nitrification inhibition, and increased rice and wheat yields.

[0057] Example 2: Effects of different concentrations of salicumin on wheat straw decomposition and soil nitrification regulation in paddy fields Similar to Example 1, except that the amount of salicumin added in the treatment group formulations was adjusted to 0.15 parts (T2), 0.8 parts (T1), 1.5 parts (T3), and 2.5 parts (T4), respectively, while the group without the composition was used as a blank control group (CK0). The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0058] Table 2. Effects of different concentrations of apigenin on wheat straw decomposition and soil nitrification regulation in paddy fields. Table 2 shows that with the increase of salicum application rate, straw cellulose degradation rate, soil nitrification inhibition rate, soil organic matter content, salicum residue rate, and rice yield all exhibited a pattern of first increasing and then slowing down, with each indicator showing a positive correlation with the salicum application rate. Under the low-dose (0.15 parts) treatment, the improvement effects were weaker, significantly lower than the medium and high-dose treatments. When the salicum application rate reached 1.5 parts, the improvement effect of each indicator tended to level off and basically reached its maximum point; after further increasing to 2.5 parts, the straw degradation rate, nitrification inhibition rate, soil organic matter content, and rice yield showed no significant difference compared to the 1.5-part treatment, exhibiting a clear dose saturation effect.

[0059] Example 3: Effects of different concentrations of salinomycin on rice straw decomposition and soil nitrification regulation in wheat fields 1. Test crops: rice (Nanjing 5718) and wheat (Huaimai 33).

[0060] 2. Experimental site: Huaigao Town, Huaiyin District, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province, Huai'an Guangliang Agricultural Crop Planting Professional Cooperative (33°45′35″N, 119°5′39″E) (Yellow tidal soil, the basic soil conditions in the 0-20cm soil layer of the experimental field are as follows: pH=7.2, organic matter is 1.3%, total nitrogen is 0.89g / kg, available phosphorus is 7.2mg / kg, and available potassium is 115.0mg / kg).

[0061] 3. T0 Formula: 12 parts of biological compound composting agent (the mass ratio of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, white rot fungi, and actinomycetes is 3.5:2:1.4:1.7), 38 parts of organic carbon carrier (the mass ratio of humic acid to coconut shell biochar is 1:1, and the raw material particle size is 100 mesh), 22 parts of mineral conditioner (the mass ratio of montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer, and bentonite is 4:3:2:1.5), 15 parts of activity regulating component (the mass ratio of trehalose, proline, and chitosan is 6:4:4), and 8 parts of functional additives (the mass ratio of sodium lignosulfonate and maltodextrin is 1:1).

[0062] Formula T1: 0.3 parts of euphorbia succinate, the remaining components are the same as T0.

[0063] T2 formula: 0.8 parts of euphorbia succinate, the remaining components are the same as T0.

[0064] T3 formula: 1.5 parts of euphorbia lycopene, the remaining components are the same as T0.

[0065] T4 formula: 2.5 parts of euphorbia lysine, the remaining components are the same as T0.

[0066] 4. Preparation method of the composition: Same as in Example 1.

[0067] 5. Application parameters: After rice harvest, return straw to the field in autumn and winter (average daily temperature 5-8℃), straw shredded to a length of 5cm, application rate 40kg / mu, rotary tillage depth 20cm, soil moisture content 65% (based on alluvial soil), nitrogen fertilizer applied according to the Huaiyin district quota of 15kg / mu, with the mass ratio of basal fertilizer to booting fertilizer being 2:3. Basal fertilizer and the compound fertilizer are applied simultaneously at the end of November, and booting fertilizer is applied at the end of April. The specific application method is the same as in Example 1.

[0068] 6. Repetitive design: 3 repetitions, with a plot area of ​​20m². 2 (4m×5m), randomized block, with 60cm isolation row (to prevent moisture, water and fertilizer from seeping into the soil).

[0069] The measurement indicators and methods are the same as in Example 1, and the test results are shown in Table 3.

[0070] Table 3. Effects of different concentrations of apigenin on rice straw decomposition and soil nitrification regulation in wheat fields. The following conclusions can be drawn from Table 3: (1) Populin significantly improves straw decomposition efficiency and crop yield under low temperature conditions. In the scenario of straw returning to the field in Huai'an humid soil at low temperature (5-8℃) in autumn and winter, the cellulose degradation rate of the control group (T0) without populin addition was only 32.6% after 45 days, which was significantly lower than that of the populin-added groups (T1-T4) (P<0.05). At the same time, the lignin degradation rate, soil organic matter increase and wheat yield of T0 were significantly worse than those of the added treatments, proving that populin has a significant promoting effect on straw decomposition and crop yield under low temperature conditions.

[0071] (2) The effect of apigenin exhibits a dose-response characteristic of "increased effect at low doses and saturation at medium and high doses". When the amount of apigenin added was 1.5 parts (T3), the cellulose degradation rate reached 72.5% and the lignin degradation rate reached 43.2% after 45 days, and the wheat yield reached 612 kg / mu. All core indicators reached more than 90% of their peak values. When the amount was increased to 2.5 parts (T4), there was no significant difference in the above indicators compared with T3 (P>0.05). Considering all factors, 1.5 parts is the optimal addition dose.

[0072] (3) Populin achieves the goals of "efficient decomposition - improved soil fertility - increased yield" through multiple synergistic mechanisms. Under the low-temperature environment of alluvial soil in autumn and winter, populin significantly improves the lignin degradation efficiency (103% higher than T0) and accelerates the decomposition of straw and its conversion into soil organic matter (325% higher than T0). At the same time, it reduces the leaching loss of nitrate nitrogen in the soil by inhibiting nitrification intensity (with a maximum inhibition rate of 39.7%). This synergistic effect can be well adapted to the agronomic production needs of straw return to the field in Huaiyin area during autumn and winter.

[0073] Example 4: Effects of salicumin on wheat straw decomposition and soil regulation in paddy fields 1. Test crops: rice (Nanjing 9108) and wheat (Huaimai 33).

[0074] 2. Test location: Shuanghe Village, Zhuma Street, Lianshui County, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province (119°19'34"N, 33°47'34"E) (containing alkaline soil components, specifically: pH=8.0, organic matter 1.1%, total nitrogen 0.92g / kg, available phosphorus 8.9mg / kg, available potassium 70.0mg / kg).

[0075] 3. T0 Formula: 12 parts of biological compound composting agent (the mass ratio of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, white rot fungi, and actinomycetes is 3.5:2:1.4:1.7), 38 parts of organic carbon carrier (the mass ratio of humic acid to coconut shell biochar is 1:1, and the raw material particle size is 100 mesh), 22 parts of mineral conditioner (the mass ratio of montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer, and bentonite is 4:3:2:1.5), 15 parts of activity regulating component (the mass ratio of trehalose, proline, and chitosan is 6:4:4), and 8 parts of functional additives (the mass ratio of sodium lignosulfonate and maltodextrin is 1:1).

[0076] T2 formula: 0.8 parts of euphorbia succinate, the remaining components are the same as T0.

[0077] T3 formula: 1.5 parts of euphorbia lycopene, the remaining components are the same as T0.

[0078] T4 formula: 2.5 parts of euphorbia lysine, the remaining components are the same as T0.

[0079] 4. Preparation method of the composition: Same as in Example 1.

[0080] 5. Application parameters: After wheat harvest, return straw to the field in spring and summer (average daily temperature 25-28℃), straw shredded to a length of 4cm, application rate 35kg / mu, rotary tillage depth 20cm, soil moisture holding capacity 75%, nitrogen fertilizer applied according to the Huai'an Lianshui quota of 16kg / mu, the mass ratio of basal fertilizer to two topdressings is 1.5:1:2, basal fertilizer and the compound fertilizer are applied simultaneously in mid-June, tillering fertilizer is applied at the end of July, and heading fertilizer is applied in mid-August. The specific application method is the same as in Example 1.

[0081] 6. Repetitive design: 3 repetitions, with a plot area of ​​20m². 2 (4m×5m), randomized block, with 60cm isolation row (to prevent moisture, water and fertilizer from seeping into the soil).

[0082] The measurement indicators and methods were the same as in Example 1. In addition, based on the characteristics of the local saline-alkali alluvial soil, soil alkalinity (ammonium acetate-ammonium hydroxide exchange method) was added. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0083] Table 4. Effects of apigenin on wheat straw decomposition and soil regulation in paddy fields. The following conclusions can be drawn from Table 4: (1) Populin significantly enhanced the nitrification inhibition capacity and reduced soil alkalinity in saline-alkali alluvial soil. Under saline-alkali alluvial soil conditions, the nitrification inhibition rate of the control group (T0) without populin was only 7.3%, while after adding populin, the nitrification inhibition rates of the T2 (0.8 parts) and T3 (1.5 parts) treatments increased to 30.5% and 36.8%, respectively, an increase of 4 to 5 times. At the same time, populin effectively reduced soil alkalinity, with the T3 treatment showing a 17% reduction in soil alkalinity compared to the T0 treatment (from 8.2% to 6.8%). The results indicate that populin plays a crucial role in nitrogen regulation and salinity improvement in saline-alkali alluvial soil.

[0084] (2) Under the conditions of this experiment, the optimal application rate of aspergillin was 1.5 parts. Compared with the conventional recommended amount of 0.8 parts (T2), the 25-day cellulose degradation rate of the 1.5 part treatment (T3) increased from 68.5% to 75.2%, an increase of about 10%; the rice yield increased from 678 kg / mu to 703 kg / mu, an increase of 3.7%. This optimal ratio can be specifically adapted to the typical limiting characteristics of local saline-alkali alluvial soil, such as high nitrogen leaching risk and slow organic matter mineralization rate, to achieve a balance between improvement effect and economic benefits.

[0085] Example 5: Effects of different concentrations of poplarin on straw decomposition, organic matter content, and yield under reduced nitrogen fertilizer application 1. Test crops: rice (Nanjing 9108) and wheat (Huaimai 33).

[0086] 2. Test location: Wuqiao Village, Jinnan Town, Jinhu County, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province (119°4′33″N, 32°59′1″E) (mixed soil texture, pH=6.5, organic matter 1.9%, total nitrogen 1.59g / kg, available phosphorus 13.4mg / kg, available potassium 163.0mg / kg).

[0087] 3. T0 Formula: 12 parts of biological compound composting agent (the mass ratio of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, white rot fungi, and actinomycetes is 3.5:2:1.4:1.7), 38 parts of organic carbon carrier (the mass ratio of humic acid to coconut shell biochar is 1:1, and the raw material particle size is 100 mesh), 22 parts of mineral conditioner (the mass ratio of montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer, and bentonite is 4:3:2:1.5), 15 parts of activity regulating component (the mass ratio of trehalose, proline, and chitosan is 6:4:4), and 8 parts of functional additives (the mass ratio of sodium lignosulfonate and maltodextrin is 1:1).

[0088] 4. Variable combinations: Nitrogen fertilizer application gradients: conventional (16 kg / mu nitrogen fertilizer for rice, 15 kg / mu nitrogen fertilizer for wheat), 20% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer, and 40% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer. Rice nitrogen fertilizer application method: the ratio of basal fertilizer to two topdressings is 1.5:1:2. Basal fertilizer and the fertilizer mixture are applied simultaneously in mid-June, tillering fertilizer is applied at the end of July, and heading fertilizer is applied in mid-August. Wheat nitrogen fertilizer application method: the ratio of basal fertilizer to heading fertilizer is 2:3. Basal fertilizer and the fertilizer mixture are applied simultaneously at the end of November, and heading fertilizer is applied at the end of April. Nitrogen fertilizer reduction refers to the simultaneous reduction of basal fertilizer and topdressing.

[0089] Precipitin dosage: T2 formula: 0.8 parts of euphorbia succinate, the remaining components are the same as T0.

[0090] T3 formula: 1.5 parts of euphorbia lycopene, the remaining components are the same as T0.

[0091] 5. Preparation method of the composition: Same as in Example 1.

[0092] 6. Application parameters: For rice (June), crush straw to 5cm and apply at a rate of 35kg / mu; for wheat (November), crush straw to 4cm and apply at a rate of 40kg / mu. The specific application method is the same as in Example 1.

[0093] 7. Repetitive Design: 3 repetitions, with a plot area of ​​20m² 2 (4m×5m), randomized blocks, 60cm isolation row.

[0094] The measurement indicators and methods were the same as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 5.

[0095] Table 5. Effects of different concentrations of apigenin on straw decomposition, organic matter content, and yield under reduced nitrogen fertilizer application. Note: Annual yield is the sum of annual yields of wheat and rice.

[0096] The following conclusions can be drawn from Table 5: (1) Populin significantly promoted straw decomposition, inhibited nitrification, and increased soil organic matter and crop yield under different nitrogen fertilizer levels. Regardless of whether the nitrogen fertilizer application level was conventional, reduced by 20%, or reduced by 40%, the control group (T0) without populin addition had significantly lower rice cellulose degradation rate, wheat nitrification inhibition rate, organic matter increase, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, and annual yield than the treatment groups with added populin (T2, T3) (P<0.05). This indicates that populin has a positive synergistic effect in the fertilizer reduction system.

[0097] (2) The optimal application rate of salicumin is closely related to the nitrogen fertilizer level. Under conventional nitrogen fertilizer conditions, 1.5 parts (T3) is optimal; when nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by 20% to 40%, 0.8 parts (T2) can achieve a synergistic balance of "cellulose degradation-nitrification inhibition-annual yield". Taking the application of 0.8 parts of salicumin with a 20% reduction in nitrogen as an example, the annual yield reaches 1245 kg / mu, which is 5.1% higher than the conventional nitrogen fertilizer treatment without salicumin (1185 kg / mu); the annual yield of the application of 0.8 parts of salicumin with a 40% reduction in nitrogen is 1168 kg / mu, which is basically the same as the conventional nitrogen fertilizer treatment without salicumin, while the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is 39.7% higher than T0 (from 28.7% to 40.1%).

[0098] (3) Populin can alleviate the problems of carbon-nitrogen imbalance and insufficient organic matter increase caused by nitrogen fertilizer reduction. Under nitrogen fertilizer reduction conditions, the application of populin can improve soil organic matter accumulation. Taking the application of 0.8 parts of populin in combination with nitrogen reduction of 40% as an example, the increase in soil organic matter (0.45 g / kg) is 114% higher than that in the conventional nitrogen fertilizer treatment without populin (0.21 g / kg), and close to the level of the conventional nitrogen fertilizer treatment with 0.8 parts of populin (0.52 g / kg). This proves that populin can partially replace the soil fertilization function of nitrogen fertilizer, providing a feasible technical solution for reducing fertilizer use and increasing efficiency.

[0099] Example 6: Effects of different concentrations of aspergillin on soil quality under conventional fertilization 1. Test crops and test period: 3 seasons (rice-wheat-rice), including rice (Nanjing 9108) and wheat (Huaimai 33).

[0100] 2. Test location: Wuqiao Village, Jinnan Town, Jinhu County, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province (119°4′33″N, 32°59′1″E) (mixed soil texture, pH=6.5, organic matter 1.9%, total nitrogen 1.59g / kg, available phosphorus 13.4mg / kg, available potassium 163.0mg / kg).

[0101] 3. T0 (treatment group) formula: 10 parts of biological compound composting agent (the mass ratio of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, white rot fungi, and actinomycetes is 3.5:2:1.4:1.7), 35 parts of organic carbon carrier (the mass ratio of humic acid to coconut shell biochar is 1:1, and the raw material particle size is 100 mesh), 20 parts of mineral conditioner (the mass ratio of montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer, and bentonite is 4:3:2:1.5), 14 parts of activity regulating component (the mass ratio of trehalose, proline, and chitosan is 6:4:4), and 8 parts of functional additive (the mass ratio of sodium lignosulfonate and maltodextrin is 1:1).

[0102] Formula T2: 0.8 parts of apigenin, the remaining components are the same as T1; T3 formula: 1.5 parts of euphorbia lycopene, the remaining components are the same as T1.

[0103] 4. Preparation method of the composition: Same as in Example 1.

[0104] 5. Application parameters: For rice (June), crush straw to 5cm and apply at a rate of 35kg / mu; for wheat (November), crush straw to 4cm and apply at a rate of 40kg / mu. The specific application method is the same as in Example 1.

[0105] 6. Measurement Indicators and Methods: The interannual variation of nitrification potential was measured in accordance with the national standard GB / T 41223-2021 "Determination of Soil Nitrification Potential - Chlorate Inhibition Method"; soil bulk density was measured by the ring sampler method and used as an evaluation indicator for the risk of soil compaction; soil microbial biomass carbon was measured by the chloroform fumigation method.

[0106] The results are shown in Table 6.

[0107] Table 6. Effects of different concentrations of phorate on soil quality under conventional fertilization. The following conclusions can be drawn from Table 6: (1) Soil quality in areas without the application of aspergillin (T0) showed a deteriorating trend. With the increase of the number of crop rotation seasons, the soil nitrification potential decreased from 12.8 ± 0.6 μg NO2 in the first crop rotation (rice). - -N / (kg·h) increased to 14.2±0.7μg NO2 in the third season (rice). - -N / (kg·h); soil bulk density from 1.35±0.05g / cm³ 3 Increased to 1.39±0.05 g / cm³ 3 The risk of soil compaction has increased; microbial biomass carbon has decreased from 302±14 mg / kg to 285±13 mg / kg, and soil biological activity has declined.

[0108] (2) Application of aspergillin (T2, T3) significantly optimized soil physicochemical and biological properties, and the effect accumulated with the number of crop rotation seasons. Compared with T0, after three crop rotations, the soil nitrification potential of T2 (0.8 parts) and T3 (1.5 parts) treatments remained stable at 7.1±0.9 and 6.5±0.3 μg NO2, respectively. - -N / (kg·h) effectively suppressed nitrogen loss caused by excessive nitrification; soil bulk density decreased to 1.25±0.04 g / cm³. 3 and 1.23±0.04g / cm 3Compared with T0, the soil biomass decreased by 8.8% and 11.5% respectively, significantly alleviating soil compaction; microbial biomass carbon increased to 446±19 and 468±20 mg / kg respectively, an increase of 56.5%–64.2% compared with T0, indicating a significant enhancement in soil biological activity. This suggests that aspen plays a key regulatory role in maintaining soil quality in the long-term rice-wheat rotation system in alluvial soil.

[0109] (3) There is a dose-effect relationship in the application of aspen, with 0.8 parts (T2) being the optimal application rate in this region. T3 (1.5 parts) is slightly better than T2 in various indicators during short-term (1 season) crop rotation, but after 3 seasons of crop rotation, the difference in soil quality indicators between T3 and T2 narrows, showing obvious marginal effect saturation characteristics. The T2 treatment has a better input-output ratio while ensuring soil improvement effect, and can significantly improve the soil quality of long-term rice-wheat rotation in Lianghetu, Jinhu County, Huai'an.

[0110] Example 7: Effects of different trehalose concentrations on the activity of leucine in wheat fields Similar to Example 1, the difference lies in the formulation of the synergistic composition: 10 parts of biological compound composting agent (the mass ratio of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, white rot fungi, and actinomycetes is 3.5:2:1.4:1.7), 35 parts of organic carbon carrier (the mass ratio of humic acid to coconut shell biochar is 1:1, and the raw material particle size is 100 mesh), 20 parts of mineral conditioner (the mass ratio of montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer, and bentonite is 4:3:2:1.5), 11-14 parts of active regulatory components (of which, the amounts of trehalose are 3, 4, 5, and 6 parts, proline 4 parts, and chitosan 4 parts), 8 parts of functional additives (the mass ratio of sodium lignosulfonate and maltodextrin is 1:1), and 1.5 parts of eugenol.

[0111] Of the 14 active regulatory components, the amount of trehalose was adjusted to 3, 4, 5, and 6 parts, respectively; the amount of eugenol was adjusted to 1.5 parts, and the remaining contents were the same as in Example 1.

[0112] The measured indicators include: apigenin residue rate (after 25 days of composting, using high performance liquid chromatography), laccase activity (using ABTS method), and hemicellulose degradation rate.

[0113] The test results are shown in Table 7.

[0114] Table 7. Effects of different trehalose concentrations on the activity of leucine in wheat fields. As shown in Table 7, under the conditions of 4 parts proline, 4 parts chitosan, and 11–14 parts total activity-regulating components, the residual rate of guar gum, laccase activity, hemicellulose degradation rate, and increase in organic matter in wheat fields all showed a gradual upward trend as the amount of trehalose added increased from 3 to 6 parts. Among them, the performance of all indicators was best when the amount of trehalose added was 5–6 parts, which was significantly better than the low-dose group (3–4 parts).

[0115] Example 8: Effects of not adding trehalose on the stability of leucine and the activity of microbial agents in wheat fields Same as Example 1, except that the formulation of the synergistic composition is changed, specifically: The T2 formulation consists of: 10 parts of a biological compound composting agent (with a live bacteria count ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, white-rot fungi, and actinomycetes of 3.5:2:1.4:1.7), 35 parts of an organic carbon carrier (with a humic acid to coconut shell biochar ratio of 1:1 and a raw material particle size of 100 mesh), 20 parts of a mineral conditioner (with a montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer, and bentonite ratio of 4:3:2:1.5), 14 parts of an activity regulating component (6 parts of trehalose, 4 parts of proline, and 4 parts of chitosan), 8 parts of a functional additive (with a lignin sulfonate to maltodextrin ratio of 1:1), and 1.5 parts of eugenol.

[0116] CK2 formulation: Of the 14 active regulatory components, 6 are proline and 8 are chitosan, with no trehalose added.

[0117] The test indicators include: eucalyptol residue rate (after 25 days of composting), viable count of compound microbial agent (plate count method), and cellulase activity (anthrone colorimetric method).

[0118] The test results are shown in Table 8.

[0119] Table 8. Effects of no trehalose addition on the stability of leucine and microbial activity in wheat fields. As can be seen from Table 8, the absence of trehalose led to a 37.8% decrease in the stability of apigenin, a 35% reduction in the number of viable bacteria in the microbial agent, and a 33% decrease in cellulase activity, effectively demonstrating the protective effect of trehalose on the stability of apigenin and the activity of the microbial agent.

[0120] Example 9: Effects of different compound microbial agent ratios on straw decomposition in paddy fields Same as Example 1, except that the formulation of the synergistic composition is changed, specifically: Group A (low-blight) formulation: 10 parts of biological compound composting agent (the mass ratio of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, white-rot fungi, and actinomycetes is 2:3:2:2.5), 35 parts of organic carbon carrier (the mass ratio of humic acid to coconut shell biochar is 1:1, and the raw material particle size is 100 mesh), 20 parts of mineral conditioner (the mass ratio of montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer, and bentonite is 4:3:2:1.5), 14 parts of active regulatory components (6 parts of trehalose, 4 parts of proline, and 4 parts of chitosan), 8 parts of functional additives (the mass ratio of sodium lignosulfonate and maltodextrin is 1:1), and 1.5 parts of eugenol.

[0121] Group B (Medium-sized Bacillus subtilis) formulation: 10 parts of biological compound composting agent (the mass ratio of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, white-rot fungi, and actinomycetes is 3.5:2:1.4:1.7), 35 parts of organic carbon carrier (the mass ratio of humic acid to coconut shell biochar is 1:1, and the raw material particle size is 100 mesh), 20 parts of mineral conditioner (the mass ratio of montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer, and bentonite is 4:3:2:1.5), 14 parts of active regulatory components (6 parts of trehalose, 4 parts of proline, and 4 parts of chitosan), 8 parts of functional additives (the mass ratio of sodium lignosulfonate and maltodextrin is 1:1), and 1.5 parts of eugenol.

[0122] Group C (High-yield Grass) Formula: 10 parts of biological compound composting agent (the mass ratio of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, white-rot fungi, and actinomycetes is 5:1:0.8:1), 35 parts of organic carbon carrier (the mass ratio of humic acid to coconut shell biochar is 1:1, and the raw material particle size is 100 mesh), 20 parts of mineral conditioner (the mass ratio of montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer, and bentonite is 4:3:2:1.5), 14 parts of active regulatory components (6 parts of trehalose, 4 parts of proline, and 4 parts of chitosan), 8 parts of functional additives (the mass ratio of sodium lignosulfonate and maltodextrin is 1:1), and 1.5 parts of eucalyptol.

[0123] Effective viable bacteria count: ≥2.0×10⁻⁶ 9 CFU / g.

[0124] Measurement indicators: 25-day lignin degradation rate (Klason method), soil microbial biomass carbon (chloroform fumigation method), and recording of the decomposition period (weight loss rate ≥70%).

[0125] The test results are shown in Table 9.

[0126] Table 9. Effects of different compound microbial agent ratios on straw decomposition. As can be seen from Table 9, under the treatment with a live bacteria ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, white-rot fungi and actinomycetes of 3.5:2:1.4:1.7, the lignin degradation rate of paddy fields reached the highest level, the soil microbial biomass carbon enhancement effect of wheat fields was the most significant, and the straw decomposition cycle was the shortest.

[0127] Example 10: Effects of not adding proline and chitosan on the activity of microbial agents in paddy fields Same as Example 1, except that the formulation of the synergistic composition is changed, specifically: The T3 formulation consists of: 10 parts of a biological compound composting agent (with a live bacteria count ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, white-rot fungi, and actinomycetes of 3.5:2:1.4:1.7), 35 parts of an organic carbon carrier (with a humic acid to coconut shell biochar ratio of 1:1 and a raw material particle size of 100 mesh), 20 parts of a mineral conditioner (with a montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer, and bentonite of 4:3:2:1.5), 14 parts of an activity regulating component (trehalose), 8 parts of a functional additive (sodium lignosulfonate and maltodextrin of 1:1), and 1.5 parts of eugenol.

[0128] CK3 formulation: Of the 14 active regulatory components, 6 parts are trehalose, 4 parts are proline, and 4 parts are chitosan.

[0129] Test indicators: storage stability of the inoculant (number of viable bacteria after 6 months) (the composition was prepared 6 months before rice planting and stored in a warehouse at room temperature away from light), protease activity (Folin method).

[0130] The test results are shown in Table 10.

[0131] Table 10. Effects of not adding proline and chitosan on the activity of the bacterial agent. As shown in Table 10, the synergistic addition of proline and chitosan significantly protects the activity of the microbial agent. Compared with the treatment group without either ingredient, this composite component improves the 6-month storage stability of the microbial agent by 64%, enhances protease activity by 51%, effectively buffers soil salinization (pH decrease), and indirectly promotes the degradation efficiency of rice straw. These data verify the crucial role of proline and chitosan in maintaining the function of the microbial agent.

[0132] Example 11: Effects of different amounts of proline and chitosan added on the activity of microbial agents in wheat fields Same as Example 1, except that the formulation of the synergistic composition is as follows: 10 parts of biological compound composting agent (the mass ratio of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, white rot fungi, and actinomycetes is 3.5:2:1.4:1.7), 35 parts of organic carbon carrier (the mass ratio of humic acid to coconut shell biochar is 1:1, and the raw material particle size is 100 mesh), 20 parts of mineral conditioner (the mass ratio of montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer, and bentonite is 4:3:2:1.5), 10-14 parts of active regulatory component (of which, the amounts of proline / chitosan are 2 parts, 3 parts, and 4 parts, respectively, and 6 parts of fixed trehalose), 8 parts of functional adjuvant (the mass ratio of sodium lignosulfonate and maltodextrin is 1:1), and 1.5 parts of eugenol.

[0133] Test indicators: germination rate of inoculum (plate counting method), xylanase activity (GB / T23874-2009).

[0134] The test results are shown in Table 11.

[0135] Table 11 Effects of different proline and chitosan addition amounts on microbial activity As shown in Table 11, with a fixed trehalose addition of 6 parts, when the proline and chitosan additions were between 2 and 4 parts, the germination rate of the inoculum (i.e., the proportion of viable bacteria in the inoculum that can germinate, grow, and form visible single colonies) gradually increased with the increase of the addition of both. Among them, the germination rate and xylanase activity of the inoculum in the 3-4 part ratio group were significantly better than those in the 2 part group, and it could more effectively promote the degradation of hemicellulose in wheat fields and the improvement of soil organic matter, showing the best overall performance.

[0136] Example 12: Effects of different combinations of functional adjuvants on straw decomposition in paddy fields Same as Example 1, except that the formulations of the synergistic compositions are as follows: Group A formulation: 10 parts of biological compound composting agent (the mass ratio of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, white rot fungi, and actinomycetes is 3.5:2:1.4:1.7), 35 parts of organic carbon carrier (the mass ratio of humic acid to coconut shell biochar is 1:1, and the raw material particle size is 100 mesh), 20 parts of mineral conditioner (the mass ratio of montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer, and bentonite is 4:3:2:1.5), 14 parts of active regulatory components (including 6 parts of trehalose, 4 parts of proline, and 4 parts of chitosan), 8 parts of functional additives (sodium lignosulfonate), and 1.5 parts of poplarin.

[0137] Group B formulation: All 8 functional additives are maltodextrin.

[0138] Group C formulation: All 8 functional additives are inorganic binder bentonite.

[0139] Group D formulation: 8 parts of functional additives are sodium lignosulfonate, maltodextrin, and inorganic binder bentonite mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0140] Test indicators: composition dispersibility (settling velocity method) and straw adhesion rate (gravimetric method).

[0141] The test results are shown in Table 12.

[0142] Table 12 Effects of different functional adjuvant combinations on straw decomposition As shown in Table 12, under the condition of adding 8 functional adjuvants, the adjuvant combination (D) of sodium lignosulfonate, maltodextrin and inorganic binder bentonite in a ratio of 1:1:1 has the best comprehensive performance: its dispersibility is shown by the longest settling time, which is significantly better than that of single functional adjuvants A, B and C; the straw adhesion rate is increased by 5.1% to 15.3% compared with single functional adjuvants; the degradation rate of paddy field straw reaches 73.1±3.0%, which is 7.9%, 5.3% and 3.7% higher than that of single functional adjuvants A, B and C, respectively, with an increase range of 5.3% to 12.1%.

[0143] Example 13: Effects of different organic carbon carrier combinations on soil improvement in paddy fields Same as Example 1, except that the formulations of the synergistic compositions are as follows: Group A formulation: 10 parts of biological compound composting agent (the mass ratio of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, white-rot fungi, and actinomycetes is 3.5:2:1.4:1.7), 35 parts of organic carbon carrier (humic acid, raw material particle size is 100 mesh), 20 parts of mineral conditioner (the mass ratio of montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer, and bentonite is 4:3:2:1.5), 14 parts of activity regulating component (the mass ratio of trehalose, proline, and chitosan is 6:4:4), 8 parts of functional additives (the mass ratio of sodium lignosulfonate and maltodextrin is 1:1), and 1.5 parts of eugenol.

[0144] Group B formulation: All 35 portions of organic carbon carrier were coconut shell biochar (120 mesh).

[0145] Group C formulation: 35 parts of organic carbon carrier are made by mixing humic acid, coconut shell biochar and corn cob powder in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, and the particle size of each component is 80 mesh.

[0146] Measurement indicators: soil water retention rate (weighing method), organic matter enhancement, and crop root fresh weight.

[0147] The test results are shown in Table 13.

[0148] Table 13 Effects of different organic carbon carrier combinations on soil improvement in paddy fields As shown in Table 13, under the condition of 35 organic carbon carrier additions, the composite carrier combination of humic acid, coconut shell biochar, and corn cob powder in a 1:1:1 ratio exhibited the best overall performance: its soil water retention rate increased by 20.6% compared to the single humic acid carrier and by 9.0% compared to the single coconut shell biochar carrier; the increase in soil organic matter was 36.8% and 15.6% higher than carriers A and B, respectively; the fresh weight of rice roots increased by 28.7% and 13.6% compared to carriers A and B, respectively, demonstrating a significant root growth promotion effect; and the corresponding wheat yield increased by 5.5% and 2.6% compared to carriers A and B, respectively. In summary, the composite carrier, through the synergistic effect of its components, simultaneously enhances soil water retention capacity, organic matter accumulation efficiency, and crop root growth promotion effect, ultimately increasing crop yield.

[0149] Example 14: Effects of different organic carbon carriers and compound ratios on the degradation rate of rice / wheat straw 1. Test crop: Same as in Example 1.

[0150] 2. Test location: Same as in Example 1.

[0151] 3. T1 Group Formula: 10 parts of biological compound composting agent (the mass ratio of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, white rot fungi, and actinomycetes is 3.5:2:1.4:1.7), 35 parts of organic carbon carrier (humic acid, raw material particle size is 100 mesh), 20 parts of mineral conditioner (the mass ratio of montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer, and bentonite is 4:3:2:1.5), 14 parts of activity regulating component (6 parts of trehalose, 4 parts of proline, and 4 parts of chitosan), 8 parts of functional additive (sodium lignosulfonate, maltodextrin, and bentonite are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1), and 1.5 parts of poplarin.

[0152] The formula for group T2 is as follows: all 35 organic carbon carriers are coconut shell biochar (120 mesh), and the other components are the same as those for group T1.

[0153] Formula for Group T3: 35 parts of organic carbon carrier are all wood ash (80 mesh), and the other components are the same as those for Group T1.

[0154] Formula for Group T4: 35 portions of organic carbon carrier are corn cob powder (100 mesh), and the remaining components are the same as those for Group T1.

[0155] Formula for Group T5: 35 parts of organic carbon carrier are humic acid and coconut shell biochar mixed in a 1:1 mass ratio, and the remaining components are the same as those for Group T1.

[0156] Formula for Group T6: 35 parts of organic carbon carrier are made of coconut shell biochar and corn cob powder mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the remaining components are the same as those for Group T1.

[0157] Formula for Group T7: 35 parts of organic carbon carrier are made by mixing humic acid, coconut shell biochar, wood ash and corn cob powder in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1. The remaining components are the same as those for Group T1.

[0158] CK4 formulation: No organic carbon carrier, other components are the same as T1.

[0159] 4. Preparation method of the composition: Same as in Example 1.

[0160] 5. Application parameters: At room temperature (daily average 18-22℃), the dosage for paddy fields is 40 kg / mu, with straw crushed to 5 cm, rotary tillage to 20 cm, and water holding capacity of 75% (shallow water layer 4 cm); the dosage for wheat fields is 35 kg / mu, with straw crushed to 4 cm, rotary tillage to 20 cm, and water holding capacity of 65%. The specific application method is the same as in Example 1.

[0161] 6. Repetitive design: 3 repetitions, with a plot area of ​​20m². 2 (5m×4m), randomly grouped, with 50cm isolation rows between small blocks to prevent cross-contamination.

[0162] 7. Measurement Indicators and Methods: 1. Straw degradation rate: Samples were taken at 15, 25 and 35 days of composting. The degradation rate of cellulose was determined by the DNS method (NY / T912-2004), the degradation rate of hemicellulose was determined by the lichenol-hydrochloric acid method, and the degradation rate of lignin was determined by the Klason method.

[0163] 2. Decomposition cycle: Record the number of days when the straw weight loss rate is ≥70% (weighing method, measured once every 5 days).

[0164] 3. C / N ratio of decomposition products: The total carbon (potassium dichromate oxidation method) and total nitrogen (Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method) of the straw decomposition residue were measured after 35 days, and the C / N ratio was calculated.

[0165] The test results are shown in Table 14.

[0166] Table 14 Effects of different organic carbon carriers and compounding ratios on the degradation rate of rice / wheat straw The following conclusions can be drawn from Table 14: (1) Organic carbon carriers have a significant promoting effect on straw degradation. The cellulose degradation rate of the control group without carrier (CK4) was only 37.2-39.6% after 25 days, while it increased to 47.8-75.3% after adding organic carbon carriers, and the decomposition period was shortened by 11-26 days, which verified the synergistic effect of organic carbon carriers.

[0167] (2) Among the single carriers, coconut shell biochar (T2) showed the best degradation effect. In paddy fields, the cellulose degradation rate of T2 treatment reached 63.2% and the lignin degradation rate reached 40.2% after 25 days, which was significantly better than humic acid, wood ash and corn cob powder. It is speculated that its high specific surface area and porous structure provided a suitable microenvironment for microorganisms.

[0168] (3) The combined carriers are more effective than the single carriers. The quaternary combined carrier T7 has the highest degradation efficiency: the degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in paddy fields reached 75.3%, 78.6% and 51.2% respectively after 25 days; the decomposition period was only 22-24 days, which is 19.1-27.4% higher than the optimal single carrier (T2); the C / N ratio of the decomposed material decreased to 13.8-14.2, close to the C / N ratio at the end of the decomposition (15). This shows that the combination of multiple carriers can enhance straw degradation through synergistic effect.

[0169] (4) In the binary compound formulation, humic acid + coconut shell biochar (T5) was more effective than coconut shell biochar + corn cob powder (T6). This result indicates that the slow-release nutrient properties of humic acid and the physical carrier function of biochar complement each other, which is more conducive to the activity of the microbial agent.

[0170] Example 15: Effects of different straw crushing degrees on straw degradation rate and yield in rice / wheat fields 1. Test crops: Wheat (Huai Mai 44) - Rice (Nan Jing 9108) rotation.

[0171] 2. Test location: Chahe Village, Chahe Town, Hongze District, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province (119°2'30"N, 33°15'45"E) (Yellow tidal soil, pH=7.6, organic matter 1.3%, total nitrogen 1.11g / kg, available phosphorus 25.9mg / kg, available potassium 673.0mg / kg).

[0172] 3. Formula: 10 parts of biological compound composting agent (the mass ratio of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, white rot fungi, and actinomycetes is 3.5:2:1.4:1.7), 35 parts of organic carbon carrier (the mass ratio of humic acid to coconut shell biochar is 1:1), 20 parts of mineral conditioner (the mass ratio of montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer, and bentonite is 4:3:2:1.5), 14 parts of activity regulating components (6 parts of trehalose, 4 parts of proline, and 4 parts of chitosan), 8 parts of functional additives (sodium lignosulfonate, maltodextrin, and bentonite are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1), and 1.5 parts of eucalyptol.

[0173] 4. Preparation method of the composition: Same as in Example 1.

[0174] 5. Application parameters: 35 kg / mu for rice season (June) and 40 kg / mu for wheat season (November), with a rotary tillage depth of 20 cm and water holding capacities of 75% (rice) and 65% (wheat), respectively.

[0175] The specific application method is the same as in Example 1, except that: Group T1: Straw is not shredded.

[0176] Group T2: The length of straw crushing is 3cm.

[0177] Group T3: The length of straw crushing is 6cm.

[0178] The test results are shown in Table 15.

[0179] Table 15 Effects of different straw crushing degrees on straw degradation rate and yield in rice / wheat fields Table 15 shows that the rice-wheat rotation experiment in the yellow-water soil of Hongze District, Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, significantly affects the degradation and production effects of straw. The finer the straw is crushed, the higher the degradation rate of rice / wheat straw, the increase in soil organic matter, and the nitrification inhibition rate, resulting in a simultaneous increase in annual yield. The T2 (3cm) treatment performed best, with a degradation rate of 69.5-73.8% and an annual yield of 1348 kg / mu, confirming that under the conditions of yellow-water soil, moderate crushing can effectively promote straw conversion, increase organic matter, and thus increase crop yield.

[0180] In summary, the application of the straw decomposition composition provided by this invention significantly improves the straw decomposition rate and ratio, resulting in a simultaneous increase in soil organic matter content and soil fertility, and a marked improvement in crop yield. The composition exhibits significant synergistic effects among eurythminstein, compound microbial agents, organic carbon carriers, active regulatory components, and functional adjuvants. By optimizing the microenvironment, enhancing enzyme activity, and regulating nitrogen conversion, it achieves the dual goals of efficient straw decomposition and soil improvement. In field applications in different alluvial and saline-alkali alluvial soils in Huai'an, the composition is adaptable to different nitrogen fertilizer gradients, water conditions, temperature environments, and straw treatment methods. Its effects are even more pronounced when combined with conventional agronomic practices. Furthermore, as an exogenous regulatory system, the composition synergistically works with the rice-wheat rotation system, demonstrating a synergistic effect in improving straw degradation rate, inhibiting nitrogen loss, improving soil structure, and increasing crop yield. This effectively solves some of the problems faced by in-situ straw return in different areas of Huai'an, providing technical support for the sustainable production of regional rice-wheat rotation systems.

[0181] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A synergistic composition for the in-situ rapid composting and return of straw to the field, coupled with the regulation of soil biological nitrification, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following parts by weight: 5-18 parts of biological compound composting agent, 25-45 parts of organic carbon carrier, 12-30 parts of mineral conditioner, 8-22 parts of active regulatory functional components, 0.15-2.5 parts of euphorbia lycopene, and 3-10 parts of functional additives.

2. The synergistic composition according to claim 1, which couples poplarin with in-situ rapid composting and returning of straw to the field and also regulates soil biological nitrification, is characterized in that... The biological compound composting agent contains Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, white-rot fungi, and actinomycetes. The mass ratio of viable counts of the four functional microorganisms is (2-5):(1-3):(0.8-2):(1-2.5), and the total effective viable count of the biological compound composting agent is not less than 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g.

3. The synergistic composition according to claim 1, which couples poplarin with in-situ rapid composting and returning of straw to the field and also regulates soil biological nitrification, is characterized in that... The organic carbon carrier is selected from one or more of humic acid, coconut shell biochar, wood ash and corn cob powder, and the raw material particle size is 80-120 mesh.

4. The synergistic composition according to claim 1, which couples poplarin with in-situ rapid composting and returning of straw to the field and also regulates soil biological nitrification, is characterized in that... The mineral conditioner is prepared by mixing montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, calcium magnesium silicon fertilizer and bentonite in a mass ratio of (3-6):(2-4):(1-3):(1-2).

5. The synergistic composition according to claim 1, which couples poplarin with in-situ rapid composting and returning of straw to the field and also regulates soil biological nitrification, is characterized in that... The active regulatory functional component is composed of trehalose, proline and chitosan in a mass ratio of (3-6):(2-4):(2-4).

6. The synergistic composition according to claim 1, which couples poplarin with in-situ rapid composting and returning of straw to the field and also regulates soil biological nitrification, is characterized in that... The functional additives are one or more of sodium lignosulfonate, maltodextrin, and inorganic binder bentonite.

7. A method for preparing a synergistic composition as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, which couples poplarin with in-situ rapid composting and returning of straw to the field and also regulates soil biological nitrification, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: mixing the biological compound composting agent, organic carbon carrier, mineral conditioner, active regulatory functional component, euphorbia lysin, and functional adjuvants evenly to obtain the synergistic composition.

8. A method for applying the synergistic composition as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, which couples poplarin with straw for in-situ rapid composting and returning to the field, and also regulates soil biological nitrification, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: 1) Field pretreatment of straw: After the mechanized harvesting of crops, the straw residue in the field is cut and crushed using a straw crusher, and the length of the straw segments is controlled to be 3-8cm, and then evenly spread on the surface of the farmland topsoil. 2) Quantitative application of the composition: According to the field planting pattern and ambient temperature conditions, apply the synergistic composition evenly to cover the surface of the straw at a dosage of 25-60 kg / mu. 3) In-situ composting with topsoil: Deep rotary tillage is carried out using rotary tillage machinery, with the tillage depth controlled at 15-25cm, so that the straw material and the synergistic composition are evenly mixed with the 0-25cm topsoil layer of the farmland; artificial water replenishment or natural rainfall regulation is used according to soil moisture conditions to maintain the field water holding capacity of the soil at 60-85%, and in-situ natural decomposition is achieved. 4) Standardized agricultural management in the later stage: Normal routine field management such as land preparation, application of base fertilizer, crop sowing or seedling transplanting.

9. The application method according to claim 8, characterized in that, During the autumn and winter seasons when the average daily ambient temperature is 5-15℃, the application rate of the synergistic composition is 40-60 kg / mu; during the normal growing season when the average daily ambient temperature is 15-30℃, the application rate of the synergistic composition is controlled at 25-40 kg / mu.

10. The application method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Dryland farmland should maintain soil field water holding capacity at 60-70%; paddy field rotation farmland should maintain soil field water holding capacity at 70-85%, with a shallow water layer of 3-5 cm remaining on the field surface, and the alternating anaerobic-aerobic environment should be used to enhance straw decomposition.

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