High-yield and high-protein soybean planting method with high density and mechanization

Abstract

The application discloses a high-protein soybean high-yield mechanized matching planting method, which comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a soybean variety with a protein content of greater than or equal to 45% and performing coating treatment on seeds; S2, obtaining soil parameters of a planting plot, and determining at least one planting parameter from a seeding density, a row spacing and a fertilization amount according to the soil parameters; S3, performing deep rototilling and applying base fertilizer to the planting plot; S4, adopting a narrow-row high-density mechanized precision seeding, and synchronously applying side deep seed fertilizer according to the planting parameter determined in S2; S5, sequentially performing water and fertilizer management, weed and disease and pest control and chemical control regulation during a growth period; and S6, performing mechanized harvesting when soybean leaves are shed and the grain water content is reduced to below 18%. Compared with the prior art, the application has the advantages that a high-protein soybean high-yield mechanized matching planting method is provided to solve the problems of low protein content, mismatching of density and fertility, disconnection between seeding and fertilization and insufficient mechanical matching in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically to a mechanized and integrated planting method for high-density, high-yield, high-protein soybeans. Background Technology

[0002] Soybeans are an important crop in my country that can be used for both grain and oil and feed. The protein content of soybeans is a core indicator for measuring their quality, and the demand for high-protein soybeans is growing in the food and feed sectors.

[0003] However, in current soybean cultivation, common varieties are generally used, which have low protein content and lack supporting cultivation techniques for high-protein varieties. Planting density is often determined by experience and is not matched with soil fertility. Under dense planting conditions, lodging is easy or the light penetration of the entire plant is poor, making it difficult to balance density and individual plant productivity.

[0004] In addition, traditional sowing and fertilization are mostly done manually or with simple machinery in separate stages. Seeds and fertilizers are often in the same location, which can easily burn seeds and result in low fertilizer utilization. Field management is extensive, and water, fertilizer, plant protection and chemical control lack time-series coordination. The harvesting process mostly uses ordinary header harvesters, which are poorly adapted to the low-position pod-setting characteristics of soybeans, resulting in significant harvest losses.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive planting method that combines high-protein varieties, reasonable dense planting, soil testing and fertilization, and a fully mechanized operation system to achieve stable and high yields of high-protein soybeans. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical defects and provide a high-protein soybean dense planting high-yield mechanized planting method that solves the problems of low protein content, mismatch between density and fertility, separation of seed and fertilizer and insufficient mechanization in existing soybean planting.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution provided by this invention is: a high-density, high-yield, mechanized planting method for high-protein soybeans, comprising the following steps: S1: Select soybean varieties with a protein content ≥45% and coat the seeds; S2: Obtain the soil parameters of the planting plot, and determine at least one of the planting parameters, namely, sowing density, row spacing and fertilizer application rate, based on the soil parameters; S3: Deep loosening and rotary tillage of the planting plot and application of base fertilizer; S4: Employ mechanized precision sowing with narrow-row dense planting, and apply seed fertilizer simultaneously at the side depth according to the planting parameters determined in S2; S5: During the growing season, water and fertilizer management, weed and pest control, and chemical regulation are carried out in sequence. S6: When soybean leaves fall off and the moisture content of the grains drops below 18%, use a combine harvester for mechanized harvesting.

[0008] Preferably, in step S1, the seed coating treatment involves chemically coating the seeds with at least one of a fungicide and an insecticide, and after the coating is dried, the seeds are individually inoculated with a rhizobium agent. After coating, the seeds should be dried in a cool place until the moisture content is less than 13% before sowing.

[0009] Preferably, the soil parameters in S2 include soil organic matter content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, pH value, and soil bulk density; The sowing density is determined based on the soil fertility level, wherein: The sowing density is 25,000-35,000 plants per mu for high-fertility plots, 20,000-28,000 plants per mu for medium-fertility plots, and 15,000-22,000 plants per mu for low-fertility plots.

[0010] Preferably, in S2, the line spacing is determined to be either narrow line spacing or alternating large and small line spacing, wherein: For alternating large and small line spacing, the large line spacing is 45-50cm and the small line spacing is 25-30cm; Narrow rows should have a line spacing of 30-40cm.

[0011] Preferably, the deep tillage depth in S3 is 30-40cm, and the rotary tillage depth is 15-20cm; The application depth of base fertilizer is 15-25cm, and base fertilizer includes at least one of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. The application rate of organic fertilizer is 800-1500 kg per mu, and the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in chemical fertilizers are determined according to soil parameters.

[0012] Preferably, in S4, the fertilization position for the side-deep fertilization is located 5-8cm below the seed, and a 2-3cm soil layer is provided between the fertilization and the seed. The amount of fertilizer applied is 15-25 kg per mu.

[0013] Preferably, the water and fertilizer management in S5 includes applying nitrogen and potassium fertilizers during the flowering and pod-setting period, and the topdressing method is either strip application with soil covering or application with irrigation water.

[0014] Preferably, the chemical control in S5 is implemented from the initial flowering stage to the full flowering stage of soybeans, by spraying either chlormequat chloride or tebuconazole.

[0015] Preferably, the combine harvester in S6 is a flexible header harvester.

[0016] The advantages of this invention compared with the prior art are as follows: This invention selects high-protein varieties and chemically coats and inoculates with rhizobia, taking into account both disease resistance and nitrogen fixation and grain quality. It determines the sowing density and row spacing through soil parameters, thereby achieving a match between dense planting populations and soil fertility and improving light energy and nutrient efficiency. In this invention, deep tillage and rotary tillage combined with layered base fertilizer improve the tillage layer and implement soil testing and formula fertilization. Narrow row dense planting and precision sowing, along with side deep application of seed fertilizer and the setting of an isolation layer to prevent seed burning, improve the sowing and fertilizer utilization rate. Apply nitrogen and potassium during the flowering and pod-setting stage, and apply chemical control from the initial flowering to full bloom to regulate the plant population, prevent lodging, and promote grain filling. Harvest with a flexible header when the moisture content is low to reduce losses and ensure grain protein content and commercial quality. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the mechanized planting method for high-density, high-yield, high-protein soybeans. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Combined with appendix Figure 1 As shown, a mechanized planting method for high-density, high-yield, high-protein soybeans includes the following steps: S1 Select high-quality soybean varieties with a protein content ≥45% and coat the seeds; S2 Obtain soil parameters of the planting plot and determine at least one planting parameter among sowing density, row spacing, and fertilization amount based on the soil parameters; S3 Deep loosen and rotary tillage the planting plot and apply base fertilizer; S4 Use narrow-row dense planting mechanized precision sowing and apply seed fertilizer simultaneously based on the planting parameters determined in S2; S5 During the growth period, carry out water and fertilizer management, weed and pest control, and chemical regulation in sequence; S6 Harvest the soybeans mechanizedly using a combine harvester when the soybean leaves fall off and the grain moisture content drops below 18%; In this invention, the steps are sequentially connected to form a complete set of technologies, from variety treatment and soil preparation to sowing, field management and mechanized harvesting.

[0020] In one embodiment: In S1, high-quality high-protein soybean varieties with a protein content of ≥45% are selected. Before sowing, the seeds are coated. The coating treatment uses at least one of fungicides and insecticides to chemically coat the seeds to prevent soil-borne diseases such as root rot and cyst nematode disease, as well as underground pests during the seedling stage. After the coating has dried, the seeds are individually inoculated with rhizobium inoculant to enhance the nitrogen-fixing ability of the root nodules and improve the nitrogen nutrition of the plants. The coated seeds are then placed in a cool, ventilated place to dry until the seed moisture content is less than 13% before sowing. Direct sunlight should be avoided to prevent the coating from becoming ineffective or the rhizobium from becoming inactive.

[0021] In step S2, soil parameters of the planting plot are first obtained, including soil organic matter content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, pH value and soil bulk density. Based on these parameters, the fertility level of the plot is comprehensively evaluated, and at least one planting parameter among sowing density, row spacing and fertilizer application rate is determined. The sowing density is determined based on the soil fertility level: In high-fertility plots, the planting density is 25,000-35,000 plants per mu; in medium-fertility plots, it is 20,000-28,000 plants per mu; and in low-fertility plots, it is 15,000-22,000 plants per mu, in order to achieve increased yield through dense planting within the soil's carrying capacity. The row spacing can be determined as narrow row equal spacing or alternating large and small row spacing: the large row spacing of alternating large and small row spacing is 45-50cm and the small row spacing is 25-30cm; the narrow row equal spacing is 30-40cm. Both can improve field ventilation and light penetration and facilitate mechanized operations.

[0022] In one embodiment: In S3, deep loosening and rotary tillage are carried out on the planting plot: the deep loosening depth is 30-40cm to break the plow pan and enhance the soil's water retention capacity, and the rotary tillage depth is 15-20cm to level the topsoil and mix the stubble. Subsequently, base fertilizer is applied at a depth of 15-25 cm. The base fertilizer includes at least one of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, wherein: The application rate of organic fertilizer is 800-1500 kg per mu. The application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in chemical fertilizers are determined based on the soil parameters obtained by S2, thereby implementing soil testing and formula fertilization and improving fertilizer utilization efficiency.

[0023] S4 uses a narrow-row dense planting mechanized precision seeder. Based on the sowing density and row spacing determined in S2, precision sowing and side deep fertilization are completed simultaneously. The fertilization position of the side deep fertilization is 5-8cm below the side of the seed. There is a 2-3cm isolation soil layer between the fertilizer and the seed to avoid direct contact between the fertilizer and the seed and cause seed burn. Apply 15-25 kg of fertilizer per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) to ensure that nutrients are supplied promptly after the seed roots have taken root, thus promoting strong seedlings.

[0024] In one embodiment: In the S5, water and fertilizer management, weed and pest control, and chemical regulation are carried out sequentially during the growth period. In terms of water and fertilizer management, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are applied during the flowering and pod-setting period. The application method is either strip application with soil covering or application with irrigation water to meet the nutrient requirements during the pod formation period. In terms of weed and pest control, chemical or physical methods should be used in a timely manner based on field monitoring to remove weeds and control aphids, codling moths and leaf diseases. In terms of chemical regulation, it is implemented from the initial flowering stage to the full flowering stage of soybeans, spraying either chlormequat chloride or acetamiprid to regulate plant height, prevent lodging, and promote pod development and grain filling.

[0025] In S6, when soybean leaves fall off and the moisture content of the grains drops below 18%, a combine harvester is used for mechanized harvesting. The combine harvester is a flexible header harvester to reduce header loss and adapt to the low-position pod-setting characteristics of soybeans. After harvesting, the soybeans are dried in time to a safe moisture level for storage to ensure the protein content and commercial quality of the grains.

[0026] In its specific implementation, the steps of this invention are sequentially linked to form a complete mechanized planting technology system for high-protein soybeans with dense planting and high yield: high-protein varieties and coated inoculation lay the foundation for seedlings; dense planting and fertilization driven by soil parameters achieve soil fertility-population matching; deep loosening and rotary tillage and stratified fertilization improve the tillage layer; narrow-row precision sowing and side-deep application of seed fertilizer improve sowing and fertilizer efficiency; water and fertilizer management, plant protection and chemical control during the growth period ensure yield formation; and finally, flexible harvesting platform mechanized harvesting reduces losses.

[0027] The contents not described in detail in this specification are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art.

[0028] The planting machinery, fertilizers, fungicides, insecticides, rhizobium agents, and plant growth regulators involved in this invention are all mature agricultural production materials in the prior art. Their specific types and application methods can adopt conventional technical solutions, which will not be described in detail here. The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.

[0029] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0030] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-density, high-yield, mechanized planting method for high-protein soybeans, characterized by: Includes the following steps: S1: Select soybean varieties with a protein content ≥45% and coat the seeds; S2: Obtain the soil parameters of the planting plot, and determine at least one of the planting parameters, namely, sowing density, row spacing and fertilizer application rate, based on the soil parameters; S3: Deep loosening and rotary tillage of the planting plot and application of base fertilizer; S4: Employ mechanized precision sowing with narrow-row dense planting, and apply seed fertilizer simultaneously at the side depth according to the planting parameters determined in S2; S5: During the growing season, water and fertilizer management, weed and pest control, and chemical regulation are carried out in sequence. S6: When soybean leaves fall off and the moisture content of the grains drops below 18%, use a combine harvester for mechanized harvesting.

2. The high-density, high-yield, mechanized planting method for high-protein soybeans according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the seed coating treatment involves chemically coating the seeds with at least one of a fungicide and an insecticide, and then individually inoculating the seeds with a rhizobium agent after the coating has dried. After coating, the seeds should be dried in a cool place until the moisture content is less than 13% before sowing.

3. The high-density, high-yield, mechanized planting method for high-protein soybeans according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil parameters in S2 include soil organic matter content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, pH value, and soil bulk density. The sowing density is determined based on the soil fertility level, wherein: The sowing density is 25,000-35,000 plants per mu for high-fertility plots, 20,000-28,000 plants per mu for medium-fertility plots, and 15,000-22,000 plants per mu for low-fertility plots.

4. The high-density, high-yield, mechanized planting method for high-protein soybeans according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the line spacing is determined to be either narrow line spacing or alternating large and small line spacing, wherein: For alternating large and small line spacing, the large line spacing is 45-50cm and the small line spacing is 25-30cm; Narrow rows should have a line spacing of 30-40cm.

5. The high-density, high-yield, mechanized planting method for high-protein soybeans according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deep tillage depth in S3 is 30-40cm, and the rotary tillage depth is 15-20cm; The application depth of base fertilizer is 15-25cm, and base fertilizer includes at least one of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. The application rate of organic fertilizer is 800-1500 kg per mu, and the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in chemical fertilizers are determined according to soil parameters.

6. The high-density, high-yield, mechanized planting method for high-protein soybeans according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the fertilizer application position for the side-deep fertilizer application is located 5-8cm below the seed, with a 2-3cm isolation soil layer between the fertilizer and the seed. The amount of fertilizer applied is 15-25 kg per mu.

7. The high-density, high-yield, mechanized planting method for high-protein soybeans according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water and fertilizer management in S5 includes applying nitrogen and potassium fertilizers during the flowering and pod-setting period. The topdressing method is either strip application with soil covering or application with irrigation water.

8. The high-density, high-yield, mechanized planting method for high-protein soybeans according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chemical control in S5 is implemented from the initial flowering stage to the full flowering stage of soybeans, by spraying either chlormequat chloride or tebuconazole.

9. The high-density, high-yield, mechanized planting method for high-protein soybeans according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combine harvester in S6 is a flexible header harvester.

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