A graphite falling column falling film absorber

Abstract

The application discloses a graphite column falling film absorber and belongs to the technical field of falling film absorbers.The graphite column falling film absorber comprises an absorber body, a gas-liquid distributor, a gas-liquid separator, graphite pipes, a shaking device, a floating uniform falling film device, a cooling liquid circulating device, a liquid baffle device, an auxiliary sealing element, a discharge device and a ball head device.The floating uniform falling film device is connected between the graphite pipes and the gas-liquid distributor.The liquid baffle device is arranged in the absorber body.The gas-liquid separator and the graphite pipes are communicated by the discharge device.The gas-liquid separator is connected to the inner wall of the absorber body by the auxiliary sealing element.The lower part of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the bottom of the absorber body by the ball head device.The traditional static absorber is innovated into a controllable dynamic system, the graphite pipe bundle is driven to shake cooperatively with the gas-liquid distributor by using the impact of the cooling liquid on the buffer plate, the semi-arc liquid flow notch continuously generates a uniform spiral liquid film under the dynamic working condition, and the problem of dispersion of the liquid film at the lower part of the long pipe is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of falling film absorbers, and more particularly to a graphite tubular falling film absorber. Background Technology

[0002] Graphite tubular falling film absorbers are widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, metallurgical, and environmental protection fields due to the excellent corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity of graphite materials. They are especially suitable for the absorption and treatment of highly corrosive gases such as HCl, SO2, HF, and H2S. This type of equipment forms a continuously falling liquid film on the inner wall of the graphite tube, allowing the gas to fully contact the liquid film and achieve the dissolution and absorption of the target components. At the same time, the high thermal conductivity of the graphite tube wall rapidly transfers the large amount of heat of dissolution released during the absorption process to the shell-side coolant for removal, thus achieving the synergistic completion of gas purification, product recovery, and heat removal.

[0003] However, traditional graphite tubular falling film absorbers still have several inherent defects in structural design and operation mechanism that have not been effectively resolved for a long time. The "dry wall" phenomenon caused by uneven liquid distribution means that as the absorbent flows down the tube wall, the liquid film gradually thins, partially breaks, and even detaches from the tube wall. Especially for graphite tubes with a length of three to four meters, the uniformity of the liquid film becomes worse towards the bottom, degenerating from a planar film flow to a linear flow, resulting in a significant reduction in the gas-liquid contact area and a decrease in the absorption rate. At the same time, corrosive gases directly contact the exposed tube wall, accelerating material damage. Static operation mode limits mass and heat transfer efficiency. Core components such as tube bundles and distributors are completely stationary, the gas-liquid interface is in a laminar or weakly turbulent state, the liquid film renewal rate is slow, the mass transfer boundary layer is thick, and the use of traditional bow-shaped baffles to guide the coolant has problems such as large flow dead zones, high pressure drop, and severe local scouring. The equipment lacks an active and controllable mechanism to enhance mass and heat transfer.

[0004] Therefore, this device provides a graphite tubular falling film absorber. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a graphite tubular falling film absorber to solve the aforementioned technical problems.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: a graphite tubular falling film absorber, comprising: an absorber body, a gas-liquid distributor, a gas-liquid separator, a graphite tube, a shaking device, a floating uniform falling film device, a coolant circulation device, a liquid baffle device, an auxiliary seal, a discharge device, and a ball head device. The absorber body is used to house the various components. The gas-liquid distributor is connected to the top of the absorber body by the shaking device. The graphite tube is located inside the absorber body and is injected with liquid and gas by the gas-liquid distributor. The floating uniform falling film device is connected between the graphite tube and the gas-liquid distributor. The liquid baffle device is disposed inside the absorber body. The coolant circulation device is connected to the inside of the absorber body and is located outside the absorber body. The gas-liquid separator and the graphite tube are connected by the discharge device, which is used for discharging product liquid and residual gas. The gas-liquid separator is connected to the inner wall of the absorber body by the auxiliary seal. The lower part of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the bottom of the absorber body through the ball head device.

[0007] Furthermore, the absorber body is divided into three regions: a gas-liquid injection region, a cooling and falling film region, and a discharge region. The gas-liquid distributor is connected to the gas-liquid injection region via a shaking device. The graphite tube is located in the cooling and falling film region, and the gas-liquid separator is located in the discharge region. The upper part of the absorber body is provided with a gas inlet for gas to enter the gas-liquid distributor, and the upper side of the absorber body is provided with a liquid inlet for liquid to enter the gas-liquid distributor.

[0008] Furthermore, the shaking device includes fixed columns and springs. Several fixed columns are arranged in a equidistant ring around the inner wall of the gas-liquid injection area. Several springs are arranged on corresponding fixed columns, and their ends are respectively connected to the outside of the gas-liquid distributor.

[0009] Furthermore, the graphite tubes are provided in a square arrangement, and the upper part of each graphite tube is connected to the inside of the gas-liquid distributor. Each of the upper parts of the graphite tubes is provided with a number of semi-arc-shaped liquid flow slots at equal intervals. The upper and lower parts of the graphite tubes are respectively fitted with a fixing plate, and the fixing plate is provided with an eddy current vibration sensor.

[0010] Furthermore, the floating uniform falling film device includes a floating disk and hollow spheres. The floating disk isolates the gas-liquid injection area and the cooling falling film area. Several hollow spheres are provided, each sleeved on the outside of a corresponding graphite tube, and each sphere's head is connected to the floating disk.

[0011] Furthermore, the coolant circulation device includes a circulation pump, an injection pipe, a discharge pipe, a circulation pipe, and a cooling circulation tank. The circulation pump is connected to the lower part of the cooling film falling area inside the absorber body via the injection pipe. The cooling circulation tank is connected to the circulation pump via the circulation pipe. The cooling circulation tank is connected to the upper part of the cooling film falling area inside the absorber body via the discharge pipe. The circulation pump is equipped with a frequency converter.

[0012] Furthermore, the liquid baffle device includes a buffer plate, a guide plate, and a baffle plate. The buffer plate is laterally connected to the outside of the corresponding graphite tube. The injection port of the injection tube faces the buffer plate. The guide plate is located below the buffer plate and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the absorber body in a plane. The first end of the baffle plate is connected to the guide plate, and the last end is spirally arranged around several graphite tubes. The buffer plate is inclined and the inclination angle is directed towards the first end of the baffle plate. The inner side of the baffle plate is provided with an anti-corrosion protective layer to prevent collision. There is a safe distance between the inner side of the baffle plate and several graphite tubes.

[0013] Furthermore, the discharge device includes a discharge plate and a discharge funnel. The discharge plate is disposed at the lower part of several graphite tubes and is connected to them. The discharge funnel covers the lower part of the discharge plate and is connected to the several graphite tubes. The lower part of the discharge funnel is connected to the gas-liquid separator.

[0014] Furthermore, the auxiliary seal is a bellows made of polytetrafluoroethylene. The auxiliary seal is connected at the junction of the cooling falling film area and the discharge area. The auxiliary seal is externally sealed to the inner wall of the absorber body and is sealed on the outside of the discharge funnel.

[0015] Furthermore, the ball head device includes a fixed panel and a swaying ball. The fixed panel is located at the bottom inside the discharge area. The lower part of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the fixed panel through the swaying ball. The swaying ball is connected to the fixed panel with a ball head, and a blocking block is sleeved on the swaying ball to limit the swaying angle of the ball head connection. The gas-liquid separator is provided with a liquid discharge pipe for completing the discharge of product liquid and a residual gas pipe for the discharge of residual gas.

[0016] The above-described at least one technical solution adopted in the embodiments of the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: Firstly, this invention innovates the traditional static absorber into a controllable dynamic system. It utilizes the impact of coolant on a buffer plate to drive the graphite tube bundle and the gas-liquid distributor to oscillate in tandem. This allows the semi-arc-shaped flow channel to continuously form a uniform spiral liquid film in dynamic motion, solving the problem of liquid film dispersion at the bottom of long tubes. Combined with a spiral baffle to guide the coolant upward flow without dead zones, it achieves efficient heat exchange. At the same time, with the help of flexible spring support, dynamic sealing of PTFE corrugated pipe, physical amplitude limitation of ball head limiting device, and closed-loop control system of eddy current sensor and frequency converter, it significantly improves gas-liquid contact efficiency and heat transfer performance. By monitoring and automatically adjusting the speed of the circulating pump in real time to control the amplitude, it ensures that the graphite tube is always in a safe and gentle oscillation state. Thus, it combines efficient absorption, rapid cooling, intelligent regulation and multiple safety protections, achieving a unity of enhanced mass and heat transfer and extended equipment service life.

[0017] Secondly, the controllable fluid excitation force generated by the impact of the coolant on the buffer plate of this invention is transmitted through the fixed plate to cause the entire bundle of graphite tubes to produce synchronous and gentle circumferential swaying. This macroscopic disturbance is transmitted to the gas-liquid distributor, causing it to sway in sync with the tube bundle. As an active distribution method, the swaying can continuously break the surface tension of the liquid, prompting the liquid to flow more evenly to the inlet of each graphite tube, effectively compensating for the initial uneven distribution caused by minor deviations in equipment installation or fluctuations in liquid flow. At the same time, the semi-arc-shaped liquid flow channels equidistantly arranged on the upper part of each graphite tube, when the liquid completely submerges the tube opening, use the stable potential energy provided by the liquid level difference to accurately guide the liquid into the tube in a tangential manner, forming a spiral liquid film with strong anti-interference ability.

[0018] Thirdly, the spiral baffle in the liquid baffle device of this invention revolutionizes the traditional, violently turbulent flow of the reversible flow into a continuous and smooth spiral upward flow. This flow channel design has the following advantages: First, it eliminates the inherent dead zone and vortex stagnation zone of the bow-shaped baffle, allowing the coolant to fully contact the outer wall of each graphite tube, avoiding local overheating; second, compared with the traditional transverse reversible flow, the spiral flow path allows the coolant to travel a longer distance along the tube bundle axis and has a longer contact time with the tube wall, enabling more heat to be carried away per unit volume of coolant; third, the flow resistance of the spiral flow channel is significantly lower than that of the baffle. The reverse flow reduces pressure drop and allows for a larger coolant flow rate with the same pump power consumption. Secondly, regarding the dynamic response of the tube bundle, the graphite tubes generate gentle and controllable circumferential micro-motions under the continuous lateral scouring of the spirally rising coolant. These micro-motions create continuous physical disturbances to the coolant boundary layer on the outer side of the tube wall, effectively thinning the boundary layer thickness and reducing thermal resistance. This allows the heat from the graphite tube wall to be transferred to the bulk coolant more quickly. At the same time, the tube bundle micro-motions are conducted to the liquid film inside the tube, causing microscopic disturbances within the liquid film, further reducing the heat transfer resistance between the inner wall of the tube and the liquid film.

[0019] Fourth, the blocking block fitted onto the shaking sphere in the ball head device limits the maximum swing angle of the gas-liquid separator through mechanical contact, thereby indirectly constraining the overall swing amplitude of the tube bundle. This limiting method is a purely mechanical structure, independent of external energy or electronic signals, and inherently safe. It can independently perform amplitude limiting protection under any abnormal operating conditions, such as sensor failure, controller malfunction, or power outage, serving as the system's last physical safety barrier. In terms of electronic control, the eddy current vibration sensor, controller, and frequency converter form a high-speed closed-loop feedback loop. The sensor captures amplitude changes with millisecond-level response speed, the controller calculates the optimal control quantity in real time through a built-in PID algorithm, and the frequency converter precisely executes the speed adjustment command. The entire adjustment process is completed within seconds, achieving dynamic balance control of the amplitude. Unlike traditional fixed-condition operation, the control system of this invention can automatically adjust according to the actual operating state, ensuring that the equipment maintains its optimal operating point under different gas-liquid loads, different cooling water temperatures, and different operating stages. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and are used to explain the invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is the front view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the absorber body in a cutaway state from its main view in this invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the absorber body in a cut-out state from the side view. Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 6 for Figure 3 Enlarged view at point B in the middle; Figure 7 for Figure 4 Enlarged view at point C; Figure 8 This is a partial structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of point D in the middle.

[0021] Reference numerals: 1. Absorber body; 11. Gas-liquid injection area; 12. Cooling falling film area; 13. Discharge area; 14. Gas inlet; 15. Liquid inlet; 2. Gas-liquid distributor; 3. Gas-liquid separator; 31. Liquid discharge pipe; 32. Residual gas pipe; 4. Graphite tube; 41. Semi-arc flow channel; 42. Fixed plate; 5. Shaking device; 51. Fixed column; 52. Spring; 6. Floating uniform falling film device; 61. Floating disc; 62. Hollow sphere; 7. Coolant circulation device; 71. Circulation pump; 72. Injection pipe; 73. Discharge pipe; 74. Circulation pipe; 75. Cooling circulation tank; 8. Liquid baffle device; 81. Buffer plate; 82. Drain plate; 83. Baffle plate; 9. Auxiliary seal; 10. Discharge device; 101. Discharge disc; 102. Discharge funnel; 20. Ball head device; 201. Fixed panel; 202. Shaking sphere. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0023] The technical solutions provided by the various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] This invention provides a graphite tubular falling film absorber, comprising an absorber body 1, a gas-liquid distributor 2, a gas-liquid separator 3, a graphite tube 4, a shaking device 5, a floating uniform falling film device 6, a coolant circulation device 7, a liquid baffle device 8, an auxiliary seal 9, a discharge device 10, and a ball head device 20. The absorber body 1 houses all components. The gas-liquid distributor 2 is connected to the top of the absorber body 1 by the shaking device 5. The graphite tube 4 is located inside the absorber body 1 and is injected with liquid and gas by the gas-liquid distributor 2. The dynamic uniform falling film device 6 is connected between the graphite tube 4 and the gas-liquid distributor 2. The liquid baffle device 8 is set inside the absorber body 1. The coolant circulation device 7 is connected to the inside of the absorber body 1 and is located outside the absorber body 1. The gas-liquid separator 3 and the graphite tube 4 are connected by the discharge device 10. The discharge device 10 is used for product liquid discharge and residual gas discharge. The gas-liquid separator 3 is connected to the inner wall of the absorber body 1 by the auxiliary sealing part 9. The lower part of the gas-liquid separator 3 is connected to the bottom of the inside of the absorber body 1 through the ball head device 20. This invention revolutionizes the traditional static absorber into a controllable dynamic system. It utilizes a coolant impact buffer plate 81 to drive the graphite tube bundle 4 and the gas-liquid distributor 2 to oscillate in tandem. This allows the semi-arc-shaped flow channel 41 to continuously form a uniform spiral liquid film in dynamic motion, solving the problem of liquid film dispersion at the bottom of the long tube. Combined with a spiral baffle plate 83, it guides the coolant upward flow without dead zones to achieve efficient heat exchange. Simultaneously, it employs flexible support from a spring 52, dynamic sealing from a PTFE corrugated pipe, physical amplitude limiting from a ball-head limiting device, and a closed-loop control system with an eddy current sensor and frequency converter. This significantly improves gas-liquid contact efficiency and heat transfer performance. Furthermore, by real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment of the circulation pump 71 speed to control the amplitude, it ensures that the graphite tube 4 is always in a safe and gentle oscillation state. Thus, it combines efficient absorption, rapid cooling, intelligent regulation, and multiple safety protections, achieving a balance between enhanced mass and heat transfer and extended equipment lifespan.

[0025] The absorber body 1 is divided into three regions: a gas-liquid injection region 11, a cooling falling film region 12, and a discharge region 13. The gas-liquid distributor 2 is connected to the gas-liquid injection region 11 via a shaking device 5. The graphite tube 4 is located in the cooling falling film region 12. The gas-liquid separator 3 is located in the discharge region 13. The upper part of the absorber body 1 is provided with a gas inlet 14 for gas to enter the gas-liquid distributor 2, and the upper side of the absorber body 1 is provided with a liquid inlet 15 for liquid to enter the gas-liquid distributor 2. By dividing the interior of the absorber body 1 into three independent functional zones—gas-liquid injection, cooling falling film, and discharge—the process isolation and orderly connection of gas-liquid distribution, absorption reaction, and product separation are achieved. The layout of gas inlet 14 at the top and liquid inlet 15 on the upper side allows the gas and liquid to achieve preliminary mixing and uniform distribution within the gas-liquid distributor 2, avoiding mutual interference between the gas and liquid inlets. This creates stable inlet conditions for subsequent uniform falling film absorption. The regional design also facilitates the adoption of differentiated sealing and support schemes for different functional zones, improving the overall reliability and maintenance convenience of the equipment.

[0026] The shaking device 5 includes a fixed column 51 and a spring 52. Several fixed columns 51 are arranged in an equidistant ring around the inner wall of the gas-liquid injection area 11. Several springs 52 are arranged on the corresponding fixed columns 51, and their ends are respectively connected to the outside of the gas-liquid distributor 2. The flexible support provided by several springs 52 allows the gas-liquid distributor 2 to make controllable small-angle swaying when under force. This swaying, as an active distribution method, helps to break the surface tension of the liquid, compensate for the small deviations generated during equipment installation or operation, and make the liquid more evenly distributed to each graphite tube 4. At the same time, the flexible connection of the springs 52 provides the basic conditions for the swaying of the graphite tube 4, so that the gas-liquid distributor 2 can move synchronously with the swaying of the tube bundle, avoiding the risk of stress concentration and sealing failure caused by rigid connection under dynamic conditions, and realizing the smoothness and consistency of swaying transmission.

[0027] Several graphite tubes 4 are arranged in a square. The upper part of the graphite tubes 4 is connected to the inside of the gas-liquid distributor 2, and several semi-arc-shaped liquid flow slots 41 are provided at equal intervals on the upper part of each tube. The upper and lower parts of the graphite tubes 4 are respectively fitted with fixed disks 42, and the fixed disks 42 are equipped with eddy current vibration sensors. The square arrangement of the graphite tubes 4 creates a regular tube bundle layout, facilitating the uniform distribution of coolant between the tube bundles. It also provides a regular geometric boundary for the surrounding arrangement of the spiral baffles 83. When the liquid completely submerges the tube opening, the semi-circular flow channel 41 uses gravitational potential energy to precisely guide the liquid tangentially into the tube, forming a stable spiral liquid film. This ensures that the liquid uniformly covers the wall of the graphite tubes 4, fundamentally guaranteeing the initial stability and uniformity of the liquid film. The fixing plate 42 binds multiple graphite tubes 4 together as a whole, so that the tube bundle moves synchronously rather than independently when shaking. This avoids tube collisions and uneven stress caused by disordered oscillation of a single tube. The eddy current vibration sensor monitors the tube bundle amplitude in real time, providing data support for closed-loop control.

[0028] The floating uniform falling film device 6 includes a floating disk 61 and hollow spheres 62. The floating disk 61 isolates the gas-liquid injection area 11 and the cooling falling film area 12. Several hollow spheres 62 are provided, which are respectively sleeved on the outside of the corresponding graphite tubes 4, and all of them have their ball heads connected to the floating disk 61. The floating disk 61 effectively isolates the gas-liquid injection area 11 from the cooling falling film area 12, preventing process gas and liquid from entering. The hollow sphere 62 is sleeved on the outside of the graphite tube 4 and connected to the floating disk 61 in a ball-head manner, providing a flexible seal and floating support for the graphite tube 4 at the top. This allows the upper interface of the tube bundle to remain sealed and move flexibly when shaking, avoiding stress concentration caused by rigid connection under dynamic conditions. The ball-head connection also allows each graphite tube 4 to maintain a certain degree of independent adjustment capability when shaking, compensating for the small displacement differences between tubes when the tube bundle shakes as a whole, and ensuring that each tube can obtain uniform liquid distribution and support.

[0029] The coolant circulation device 7 includes a circulation pump 71, an injection pipe 72, a discharge pipe 73, a circulation pipe 74, and a cooling circulation tank 75. The circulation pump 71 is connected to the lower part of the cooling falling film area 12 inside the absorber body 1 by the injection pipe 72. The cooling circulation tank 75 is connected to the circulation pump 71 by the circulation pipe 74. The cooling circulation tank 75 is connected to the upper part of the cooling falling film area 12 inside the absorber body 1 by the discharge pipe 73. The circulation pump 71 is equipped with a frequency converter. The circulating pump 71 forces the coolant to circulate from bottom to top within the absorber body 1, achieving continuous supply of heat exchange medium and heat removal. The inverter enables the circulating pump 71 to adjust its speed, providing an execution means for amplitude closed-loop control. The cooling circulation tank 75, as a heat buffer container, ensures the temperature stability and circulation continuity of the coolant. The bottom-injection and top-outflow design, combined with the spiral baffle 83, causes the coolant to form an orderly upward spiral flow outside the tube bundle, extending the heat exchange path and improving heat exchange efficiency. It also provides a gentle and controllable fluid driving force for the tube bundle.

[0030] The liquid baffle device 8 includes a buffer plate 81, a guide plate 82, and a baffle plate 83. The buffer plate 81 is horizontally connected to the outside of the corresponding graphite tube 4. The injection port of the injection pipe 72 faces the buffer plate 81. The guide plate 82 is located below the buffer plate 81 and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the absorber body 1. The first end of the baffle plate 83 is connected to the guide plate 82 and the last end is spirally arranged around several graphite tubes 4. The buffer plate 81 is inclined and the inclination angle is towards the first end of the baffle plate 83. The inner side of the baffle plate 83 is provided with an anti-corrosion protective layer to prevent collision. There is a safe distance between the inner side of the baffle plate 83 and several graphite tubes 4. The primary function of the buffer plate 81 is to absorb and disperse the impact kinetic energy of the high-speed coolant, preventing the high-speed fluid from directly scouring the graphite tube bundle 4 and causing damage. Its inclined setting guides the buffered liquid smoothly and orderly to the inlet area of ​​the baffle plate 83. The guide plate 82 serves as an intermediate transition structure, ensuring that the liquid smoothly transitions from the buffer plate 81 area to the spiral baffle plate 83 flow channel. The spiral baffle plate 83 guides the coolant to flow spirally from bottom to top along the graphite tube bundle 4, eliminating the flow dead zone, extending the cooling path, making the heat exchange more uniform and efficient, and providing a gentle and continuous vibration excitation to the tube bundle, which is a gentle driving force for controllable swaying. The protective layer prevents rigid collisions between the graphite tube 4 and the baffle plate 83, and the safety distance ensures that the tube bundle will not come into contact with the baffle plate 83 and cause damage when swaying.

[0031] The discharge device 10 includes a discharge plate 101 and a discharge funnel 102. The discharge plate 101 is disposed at the lower part of several graphite tubes 4 and is connected to each other. The discharge funnel 102 covers the lower part of the discharge plate 101 and is connected to several graphite tubes 4. The lower part of the discharge funnel 102 is connected to the gas-liquid separator 3. The discharge plate 101 gathers the bottoms of multiple graphite tubes 4 into a unified gas-liquid outlet, realizing the centralized collection of gas-liquid mixtures within the tube bundle. The discharge funnel 102 serves as a transitional connector, connecting the discharge plate 101 to the gas-liquid separator 3. Its funnel shape facilitates the smooth flow of the gas-liquid mixture into the separator under gravity, preventing liquid accumulation or backflow. The combined design of the discharge plate 101 and the discharge funnel 102 ensures that the gas-liquid mixtures in all graphite tubes 4 can enter the gas-liquid separator 3 synchronously and without obstruction, ensuring the stability of continuous equipment operation.

[0032] The auxiliary seal 9 is a bellows made of polytetrafluoroethylene. The auxiliary seal 9 is connected at the junction of the cooling falling film area 12 and the discharge area 13. The auxiliary seal 9 is externally sealed to the inner wall of the absorber body 1. The auxiliary seal 9 is sleeved on the outside of the discharge funnel 102 and is sealed. The PTFE corrugated pipe combines excellent corrosion resistance, flexibility, and elasticity, simultaneously meeting the requirements for corrosion prevention, leak prevention, extensibility, and allowing for component movement. The corrugated pipe structure allows for axial expansion and contraction compensation and radial bending and deflection, effectively absorbing the displacement of the discharge funnel 102 caused by the movement of the tube bundle, while maintaining a tight seal with the inner wall of the absorber body 1. The PTFE material has excellent resistance to highly corrosive media, ensuring long-term stable operation under harsh conditions such as hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid, fundamentally eliminating the risk of media leakage between the coolant and the gas-liquid separation zone.

[0033] The ball head device 20 includes a fixed panel 201 and a shaking ball 202. The fixed panel 201 is located at the bottom inside the discharge area 13. The lower part of the gas-liquid separator 3 is connected to the fixed panel 201 by the shaking ball 202. The shaking ball 202 is connected to the fixed panel 201 with a ball head and a blocking block is sleeved on the shaking ball 202 to limit the shaking angle of the ball head connection. The gas-liquid separator 3 is provided with a liquid discharge pipe 31 for completing the product liquid discharge and a residual gas pipe 32 for residual gas discharge. The ball joint connection allows the gas-liquid separator 3 to move synchronously with the tube bundle, avoiding stress concentration and sealing failure caused by rigid connection under dynamic conditions. The blocking block physically limits the swing range of the shaking ball 202, thereby limiting the shaking amplitude of the gas-liquid separator 3 and ensuring that the separator is always in a slightly shaking state under normal operation. This physical limiting mechanism serves as a safety redundancy and forms a double guarantee with the electronic control of the eddy current sensor. The separate layout of the liquid discharge pipe 31 and the residual gas pipe 32 allows the separated product liquid and residual gas to be discharged independently, avoiding mutual interference and ensuring the smooth progress of product purity and exhaust gas treatment.

[0034] First, the required working liquid flows into the gas-liquid distributor 2 through the liquid inlet 15, and simultaneously, the required working gas flows into the gas-liquid distributor 2 through the gas inlet 14. The gas and liquid are evenly distributed by the gas-liquid distributor 2 into the corresponding graphite tubes 4 for falling film absorption. During the process of the liquid flowing into the corresponding graphite tubes 4, the upper parts of several graphite tubes 4 extending from inside the gas-liquid distributor 2 need to be completely submerged. Several semi-circular flow channels 41 are equally spaced on the upper parts of the graphite tubes 4. The liquid can accumulate sufficient potential energy under the action of gravity, and can flow tangentially into the graphite tubes 4 from the semi-circular flow channels 41 with a stable pressure. A fixed tangential flow provides the power for forming a rotating liquid film, ensuring that the liquid uniformly covers the wall of the graphite tube 4. After the liquid and gas enter the interior of each graphite tube 4, the liquid film covers the entire inner wall, forming a thin and stable liquid film. Once the liquid film is formed, the actual work begins. The corrosive gas to be treated continuously enters and flows downwards in the graphite tube 4 in the same direction as the absorbent liquid. During the flow, the gas and the liquid film come into full contact, and absorbable components such as HCl gas quickly dissolve into the liquid film, completing the absorption. When the gas dissolves, it releases a large amount of heat of solution. Since graphite has extremely high thermal conductivity, after the circulation pump 71 is started, the coolant is sent to the cooling falling film area inside the absorber body 1 through the injection pipe 72. At this time, the heat can be quickly transferred through the wall of the graphite tube 4 to the cooling water outside the tube and carried away, so that the absorption process is always carried out efficiently at a low temperature. This increases the gas-liquid contact area and ensures efficient absorption. At the same time, timely removal of heat also ensures absorption efficiency.

[0035] After the circulating pump 71 starts, when the coolant is injected into the cooling falling film region 12 of the absorber body 1 through the injection pipe 72, the injection port of the injection pipe 72 faces the buffer plate 81. Therefore, the buffer plate 81 will be affected by the impact force and shake. The shaking of the buffer plate 81 will cause several graphite tubes 4 to shake synchronously. Since the upper and lower parts of the graphite tubes 4 are respectively fitted with fixing plates 42, the graphite tubes 4 shake in the same binding state, avoiding independent swinging of a single tube. Moreover, the buffer plate 81 can absorb part of the impact force, so that the bound graphite tubes 4 have normal... Under the shaking conditions, after several graphite tubes 4 shake, the shaking device 5 is in a coordinated shaking state, which will also cause the gas-liquid distributor 2 to shake at a certain angle. The gas-liquid separator 3 will also shake through the ball head device 20. At the same time, the discharge funnel 102 will expand and contract through the auxiliary sealing part 9 to ensure that the cooling film falling area 12 and the discharge area 13 are always in a sealed and isolated state. By shaking several graphite tubes 4, the traditional operation mode of graphite tubes 4 in a static state is changed. This not only improves the heat transfer efficiency of graphite tubes 4, but also solves the problem that the liquid inside the graphite tubes 4 tends to sink to the bottom. When the liquid is more dispersed, the shaking of the tied graphite tube 4 can guide the liquid to contact and scour the inner wall of the lower part of the graphite tube 4 more efficiently, thereby enhancing heat transfer and reducing interference with the liquid film. This change can enhance the spontaneous fluctuation and mixing of the liquid film, thus improving the wettability and uniformity of the liquid film on the tube wall. At the same time, the moderate shaking of the gas-liquid distributor 2 can serve as an active distribution method, helping to break the surface tension of the liquid and promote a more uniform flow of liquid to each graphite tube 4. This alleviates the problem of uneven liquid distribution caused by minor installation deviations or fluctuations in liquid flow. Furthermore, the disturbance helps to renew the gas-liquid contact interface, thereby increasing the gas-liquid contact area and time. The swaying of the gas-liquid distributor 2, combined with the semi-circular liquid flow channel 41, ensures uniform liquid distribution. The semi-circular channel at the inlet of each graphite tube 4 is responsible for precisely converting the liquid into a spiral liquid film at the microscopic level. The combination of the two ensures that each tube can obtain a stable and efficient liquid film even under swaying conditions. The macroscopic disturbance caused by swaying, combined with the microscopic spiral flow generated by the semi-circular channel, jointly enhances the gas-liquid contact and mass transfer process, thereby improving performance while ensuring the long-term, stable, and safe operation of the equipment.

[0036] The coolant first impacts the inclined buffer plate 81, where its kinetic energy is absorbed and dispersed. Then, along the inclined direction of the buffer plate 81, it is smoothly and orderly guided into the inlet region of the baffle plate 83. This avoids the high-speed fluid directly impacting the graphite tube bundle 4. After entering the baffle plate 83 region, guided by the spiral baffle plate 83, the coolant flows upwards in a spiral path from the bottom of the graphite tube 4. During this process, the coolant repeatedly and continuously laterally washes the outer wall of each graphite tube 4. The entire flow path is designed as a dead-zone-free, low-resistance spiral flow, compared to the violent backflow of traditional baffle plates 83. This flow is smoother and has less pressure drop. The spiral flow makes the contact path between the coolant and the outer wall of the graphite tube 4 longer and more uniform. The continuous lateral scouring ensures a high heat transfer coefficient and can promptly remove the heat released by the absorption reaction. The design of the entire flow field makes the force on the graphite tube 4 relatively uniform and controllable. The spiral upward flow of the fluid generates a gentle and continuous vibration excitation on the tube bundle, thereby enhancing the renewal and mass transfer of the liquid film inside the tube. The combination of the buffer plate 81 and the spiral baffle 83 achieves a good balance between enhancing heat transfer and protecting the brittle graphite tube 4, making the equipment operation more stable and reliable.

[0037] When the amplitude of the graphite tube 4 is too large, the eddy current vibration sensor set on the fixed plate 42 converts the physical displacement into an electrical signal in real time and transmits it to the controller. The controller will immediately calculate a control quantity according to the built-in algorithm and output a command signal to the frequency converter of the circulating pump 71. After receiving the command, the frequency converter will reduce the frequency of the output power supply, thereby reducing the speed of the motor in the circulating pump 71 and reducing the impact flow velocity, thus ensuring that the graphite tube 4 is in a gentle and stable shaking operation.

[0038] When the liquid absorbs the gas and becomes a gas-liquid mixture, together with the unabsorbed residual gas, it flows from the bottom of the graphite tube 4 into the gas-liquid separator 3 through the discharge funnel 102. Its core separation principle is: to achieve gravity sedimentation by utilizing the density difference between the gas and liquid phases, and at the same time to reduce the flow velocity of the medium by the sudden change in the flow cross-sectional area. The liquid settles to the bottom by gravity and is discharged through the liquid discharge pipe 31, while the residual gas escapes upward and is discharged through the residual gas pipe 32.

[0039] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A graphite tubular falling film absorber, characterized in that, The absorber includes an absorber body (1), a gas-liquid distributor (2), a gas-liquid separator (3), a graphite tube (4), a shaking device (5), a floating uniform falling film device (6), a coolant circulation device (7), a liquid baffle device (8), an auxiliary seal (9), a discharge device (10), and a ball head device (20). The absorber body (1) houses all the components. The gas-liquid distributor (2) is connected to the top of the absorber body (1) by the shaking device (5). The graphite tube (4) is located inside the absorber body (1) and is connected to the gas-liquid separator by the gas-liquid separator. The distributor (2) injects liquid and gas. The floating uniform falling film device (6) is connected between the graphite tube (4) and the gas-liquid distributor (2). The liquid baffle device (8) is located inside the absorber body (1). The coolant circulation device (7) is connected to the inside of the absorber body (1). The gas-liquid separator (3) and the graphite tube (4) are connected by the discharge device (10). The gas-liquid separator (3) is used for product liquid discharge and residual gas discharge. The gas-liquid separator (3) is connected to the absorber body (1) by an auxiliary seal (9). 1) The inner wall of the gas-liquid separator (3) is connected to the bottom of the absorber body (1) via a ball head device (20). The absorber body (1) is divided into three areas: a gas-liquid injection area (11), a cooling falling film area (12), and a discharge area (13). The gas-liquid distributor (2) is connected to the gas-liquid injection area (11) via a shaking device (5). The graphite tube (4) is located in the cooling falling film area (12). The gas-liquid separator (3) is located in the discharge area (13). The absorber body (1) The upper part is provided with a gas inlet (14) for gas to enter the gas-liquid distributor (2), and the upper side of the absorber body (1) is provided with a liquid inlet (15) for liquid to enter the gas-liquid distributor (2). The shaking device (5) includes a fixed column (51) and a spring (52). There are several fixed columns (51) arranged in an equidistant ring around the inner wall of the gas-liquid injection area (11). There are several springs (52) respectively arranged on the corresponding fixed columns (51), and their ends are respectively connected to the outside of the gas-liquid distributor (2).

2. The graphite tubular falling film absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The graphite tubes (4) are arranged in a square pattern. The upper parts of the graphite tubes (4) are connected to the inside of the gas-liquid distributor (2), and the upper parts of each tube are provided with a number of semi-arc-shaped liquid flow slots (41) at equal intervals. The upper and lower parts of the graphite tubes (4) are respectively fitted with a fixing plate (42), and the fixing plate (42) is provided with an eddy current vibration sensor.

3. The graphite tubular falling film absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The floating uniform falling film device (6) includes a floating disk (61) and hollow spheres (62). The floating disk (61) blocks the gas-liquid injection area (11) and the cooling falling film area (12). There are several hollow spheres (62), which are respectively sleeved on the outside of the corresponding graphite tubes (4), and all of them have ball heads connected to the floating disk (61).

4. A graphite tubular falling film absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coolant circulation device (7) includes a circulation pump (71), an injection pipe (72), a discharge pipe (73), a circulation pipe (74), and a cooling circulation tank (75). The circulation pump (71) is connected to the lower part of the cooling falling film area (12) inside the absorber body (1) by the injection pipe (72). The cooling circulation tank (75) is connected to the circulation pump (71) by the circulation pipe (74). The cooling circulation tank (75) is connected to the upper part of the cooling falling film area (12) inside the absorber body (1) by the discharge pipe (73). The circulation pump (71) is equipped with a frequency converter.

5. A graphite tubular falling film absorber according to claim 4, characterized in that, The liquid baffle device (8) includes a buffer plate (81), a guide plate (82), and a baffle plate (83). The buffer plate (81) is horizontally connected to the outside of the corresponding graphite tube (4). The injection port of the injection pipe (72) faces the buffer plate (81). The guide plate (82) is located below the buffer plate (81) and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the absorber body (1) in a plane. The first end of the baffle plate (83) is connected to the guide plate (82), and the end is spirally arranged around several graphite tubes (4) upwards. The buffer plate (81) is inclined, and the inclination angle is set towards the first end of the baffle plate (83). The inner side of the baffle plate (83) is provided with an anti-corrosion protective layer to prevent collision. The inner side of the baffle plate (83) is at a safe distance from several graphite tubes (4).

6. A graphite tubular falling film absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The discharge device (10) includes a discharge plate (101) and a discharge funnel (102). The discharge plate (101) is located at the lower part of several graphite tubes (4) and is connected to each other. The discharge funnel (102) covers the lower part of the discharge plate (101) and is connected to several graphite tubes (4). The lower part of the discharge funnel (102) is connected to the gas-liquid separator (3).

7. A graphite tubular falling film absorber according to claim 6, characterized in that, The auxiliary seal (9) is a bellows made of polytetrafluoroethylene. The auxiliary seal (9) is connected at the junction of the cooling falling film area (12) and the discharge area (13). The auxiliary seal (9) is externally sealed to the inner wall of the absorber body (1) and internally sealed to the outside of the discharge funnel (102).

8. A graphite tubular falling film absorber according to claim 7, characterized in that, The ball head device (20) includes a fixed panel (201) and a shaking ball (202). The fixed panel (201) is located at the bottom inside the discharge area (13). The lower part of the gas-liquid separator (3) is connected to the fixed panel (201) via the shaking ball (202). The shaking ball (202) is connected to the fixed panel (201) with a ball head. A blocking block for limiting the shaking angle of the ball head is sleeved on the shaking ball (202). The gas-liquid separator (3) is provided with a liquid discharge pipe (31) for completing the discharge of product liquid and a residual gas pipe (32) for the discharge of residual gas.

Images