Pest control composition and method for controlling plant diseases, plant disease insects or sanitary pests using the same

Abstract

A pest control composition contains a glyceride of a fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and glycerol, and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a phenylpyrazole compound, an isoxazoline compound, and an anthranilamide compound.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to novel combinations of pest control compositions and methods for controlling plant diseases, plant pests, or sanitary pests using the compositions. This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-060994, filed in Japan on April 4, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, in order to achieve sustainable food production with low environmental impact, countries have set goals to significantly reduce the use of chemical pesticides, making the development of pesticides that achieve high efficacy with low dosages a top priority. Furthermore, in the public health sector, pesticides are used in areas closer to human habitation; therefore, efforts to further improve safety for humans and pets continue to demand low-dosage pesticide use.

[0003] As a method for developing insecticides that achieve high efficacy with lower dosages, compounds different from those that enhance the efficacy of the active ingredient are combined with the active ingredient that has insecticidal activity. For example, Japanese Patents 1 and 2 describe methods to improve efficacy against a subset of pests by combining glycerol fatty acid esters with macrolide insecticides and neonicotinoid insecticides, but seek insecticides that exhibit high insecticidal activity against a wider range of pests.

[0004] Existing technical documents Patent documents Patent Document 1: International Publication No. 2005 / 036965 Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-194258 Summary of the Invention

[0005] The problem that the invention aims to solve The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide a pest control composition comprising a novel combination that exhibits high insecticidal activity against a wide range of pests, even at low concentrations of active ingredients.

[0006] Methods for solving problems The present invention includes the following solutions.

[0007] [1] A pest control composition comprising: glycerides of fatty acids having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and glycerol; and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phenylpyrazole compounds, isoxazoline compounds and m-diamide compounds.

[0008] [2] According to the pest control composition described in [1] above, wherein the fatty acid is derived from the plant.

[0009] [3] According to the pest control composition described in [1] or [2] above, wherein the concentration of the glycerol ester is 0.03 ppm to 125,000 ppm on a mass / volume basis relative to the total volume of the pest control composition, and the concentration of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the phenylpyrazole compound, isoxazoline compound and m-diamide compound is 0.003 ppm to 12,500 ppm on a mass / volume basis.

[0010] [4] According to the pest control composition described in [3] above, the concentration of the glycerol ester is 0.3ppm to 3,000ppm, and the concentration of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phenylpyrazole compounds, isoxazoline compounds and m-diamide compounds is 0.2ppm to 200ppm.

[0011] [5] The pest control composition according to any one of [1] to [4] above, wherein the phenylpyrazole compound is oxadiazonamide, the isoxazoline compound is fluoxadiazonamide or isoxadiazonamide, and the meta-diamid compound is any one of bromoxynil or cyclopropionamide.

[0012] [6] The pest control composition according to any one of [1] to [5] above, wherein the above-mentioned diamide compound is bromoxynil diamide.

[0013] [7] The pest control composition according to any one of [1] to [5] above, wherein the above-mentioned diamide compound is cyclopropionamide.

[0014] [8] The pest control composition according to any one of [1] to [7] above, wherein the above isoxazoline compound is isoxazoline.

[0015] [9] The pest control composition according to any one of [1] to [8] above, wherein the pest is at least one insect selected from the group consisting of harmful arthropods, harmful mollusks and harmful nematodes.

[0016]

[10] According to the pest control composition described in [9] above, wherein the pest is at least one insect selected from harmful arthropods.

[0017]

[11] According to the pest control composition described in

[10] above, wherein the pest is at least one insect selected from the group consisting of Thysanoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Blattodea and Acari.

[0018]

[12] According to the pest control composition described in

[11] above, wherein the pest is at least one insect selected from the group consisting of Thripsidae, Mineridae, Culicidae, Stink bugs, Whiteflies, Diamondback moths, Blattodea, and Tetranychidae.

[0019]

[13] According to the pest control composition described in

[12] above, wherein the pest is at least one insect selected from the group consisting of western flower thrips, American serpentine leafminer, Aedes aegypti, bed bug, whitefly, diamondback moth, German cockroach and two-spotted spider mite.

[0020]

[14] A method for controlling plant diseases, plant pests or sanitary pests, wherein the pest control composition described in any one of [1] to

[13] is applied to plants, seeds, soil, facilities or living spaces.

[0021] Invention Effects According to the present invention, even at low concentrations where the insecticidal compound monomer does not exhibit insecticidal activity, a surprisingly high insecticidal effect is achieved by combining it with a fatty acid glyceride that also does not exhibit insecticidal activity in its monomer. The insecticidal component is effective even at extremely low concentrations, and the fatty acid glycerides used are derived from plants, thus effectively reducing the environmental impact. Furthermore, by reducing the dosage, it is expected that this will also contribute to reducing control costs and the associated carbon dioxide emissions. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 A graph showing the change in reaction time of western flower thrips relative to 20 ppm of bromofennig diamide mixed with 50 ppm to 3,000 ppm of fatty acid glycerides, as determined in Example 2. Figure 2 A graph showing the change in reaction time of western flower thrips relative to 12.5 ppm of bromfenacin diamide mixed with 1,125 ppm of fatty acid glycerides, as determined in Example 2; Figure 3 A graph showing the change in reaction time of western flower thrips relative to 62.5 ppm of bromfenacin diamide mixed with 187.5 ppm of fatty acid glycerides, as determined in Example 2; Figure 4 The graph shows the change in reaction time of western flower thrips relative to 25 ppm cyprofen mixed with 75 ppm or 2,000 ppm fatty acid glycerides, as determined in Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will now be described based on preferred embodiments. In this specification, expressions such as "A~B" indicating numerical ranges have the same meaning as "A and above and B and below".

[0024] The pest control composition of this embodiment contains: a first component consisting of fatty acid glycerides, and a second component consisting of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phenylpyrazole compounds, isoxazoline compounds, and m-diamide compounds.

[0025] Fatty acid glycerides are glycerides of fatty acids with 8 to 22 carbon atoms and glycerol.

[0026] The fatty acids that form the above-mentioned fatty acid glycerides can be natural fatty acids or synthetic fatty acids, preferably fatty acids derived from plants, such as those derived from soybeans, cottonseeds or rapeseed.

[0027] Examples of fatty acids with 8 to 22 carbon atoms include octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, arachidic acid, dodecanoic acid, and benzalkonium acid, among which octanoic acid, decanoic acid, and mixtures thereof are preferred.

[0028] The aforementioned fatty acid glycerides can be manufactured by esterification or transesterification of the aforementioned fatty acids and glycerol using conventional methods.

[0029] The fatty acid glycerides produced include fatty acid monoglycerides, fatty acid diglycerides, or fatty acid triglycerides; any of these fatty acid glycerides can be used. Among them, the preferred option is the diglyceride of a mixture of caprylic and capric fatty acids (decanoylcaprylyl glycerol).

[0030] Examples of phenylpyrazole compounds include at least one compound selected from acetoprole, etiprole, fipronil, flufiprole, nicofluprole, pyrafluprole, and pyriprole. Among these, nicofluprole is preferred.

[0031] Examples of isoxazoline compounds include at least one compound selected from afoxolaner, fluralaner, fluxametamide, isoxazolidinamide, lotilaner, sarolaner, and isoxflualanam. Preferably, fluxametamide or isoxazolidinamide isocycloseram, and more preferably isoxazolidinamide.

[0032] Examples of m-diamid compounds include at least one compound selected from broflanilide, cyproflanilide, pipeflanilide, and trioxyflanilide. Preferably, the m-diamid compound is either broflanilide or cyproflanilide, more preferably broflanilide. Alternatively, cyproflanilide is more preferably the m-diamid compound.

[0033] The second component is preferably an effective component belonging to group 30 (GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulators) in IRAC.

[0034] As the second component mentioned above, a phenylpyrazole compound can be selected. In this case, the preferred phenylpyrazole compound is nicotinamide.

[0035] As the second component mentioned above, a m-diamid compound can be selected. In this case, the m-diamid compound is preferably either broflanilide or cyproflanilide, more preferably broflanilide. Alternatively, the m-diamid compound is more preferably cyproflanilide.

[0036] As the second component mentioned above, an isoxazoline compound may be selected. In this case, the isoxazoline compound is preferably fluxametamide or isocycloseram, and more preferably isocycloseram.

[0037] Relative to the total volume of the pest control composition of this embodiment, the concentration of the first component (fatty acid glycerides) is preferably 0.03 ppm to 125,000 ppm (mg / L) on a mass / volume basis, more preferably 0.03 ppm to 112,500 ppm (mg / L), even more preferably 0.3 ppm to 62,500 ppm (mg / L), a more suitable concentration is 0.3 ppm to 3,000 ppm, an even more suitable concentration is 5 ppm to 3,000 ppm (mg / L), and a particularly suitable concentration is 50 ppm to 3,000 ppm (mg / L).

[0038] The concentration of the second component (at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phenylpyrazole compounds, isoxazoline compounds, and m-diamide compounds) relative to the total volume of the pest control composition of this embodiment is preferably 0.003 ppm to 12,500 ppm (mg / L) on a mass / volume basis, more preferably 0.01 ppm to 12,500 ppm (mg / L), even more preferably 0.025 ppm to 6,250 ppm (mg / L), a more suitable concentration is 0.025 ppm to 3,125 ppm (mg / L), a further more suitable concentration is 0.2 ppm to 200 ppm (mg / L), a further more suitable concentration is 0.1 ppm to 100 ppm (mg / L), and a particularly suitable concentration is 10 ppm (mg / L) to 62.5 ppm (mg / L).

[0039] In this application specification, the concentration (ppm) is calculated on a mass / volume basis (mg / L).

[0040] In this embodiment, relative to the total volume of the pest control composition, the concentration of the first component is preferably 0.3 ppm to 3,000 ppm, and the concentration of the second component is preferably 0.2 ppm to 200 ppm; more preferably, the concentration of the first component is 0.3 ppm to 3,000 ppm, and the concentration of the second component is 10 ppm to 62.5 ppm. Alternatively, relative to the total volume of the pest control composition, the concentration of the first component is preferably 50 ppm to 3,000 ppm, and the concentration of the second component is preferably 12.5 ppm to 62.5 ppm; preferably, the concentration of the first component is 31.25 ppm to 3,000 ppm, and the concentration of the second component is 12.5 ppm to 62.5 ppm; preferably, the concentration of the first component is 62,5000 ppm to 125,000 ppm, and the concentration of the second component is 3,125 ppm to 6,200 ppm. 50 ppm; preferably, the concentration of the first component is 750 ppm to 3,000 ppm, and the concentration of the second component is 5 ppm to 25 ppm; preferably, the concentration of the first component is 160 ppm to 800 ppm, and the concentration of the second component is 1 ppm to 10 ppm; preferably, the concentration of the first component is 3,000 ppm, and the concentration of the second component is 0.003 ppm to 0.01 ppm; or preferably, the concentration of the first component is 5 ppm to 50 ppm, and the concentration of the second component is 0.1 ppm.

[0041] The concentration ratio of the first component to the second component (first component / second component) is not particularly limited as long as it is effective, but is preferably 1 / 100 to 150,000 / 1, more preferably 1 / 50 to 120,000 / 1. Alternatively, the concentration ratio of the first component to the second component (first component / second component) is preferably 0.01 / 1 to 1,000,000 / 1, more preferably 0.01 / 1 to 150,000 / 1, even more preferably 0.02 / 1 to 120,000 / 1, even more preferably 0.03 / 1 to 30,000 / 1, even more preferably 0.3 / 1 to 3,000 / 1, and particularly preferably 2.5 / 1 to 300 / 1. Alternatively, the concentration ratio (first component / second component) of the first component to the second component is preferably 0.03 / 1~300 / 1, 0.03 / 1~0.3 / 1, 2.5 / 1~300 / 1, 2.5 / 1~150 / 1, 30 / 1~300 / 1, 32 / 1~800 / 1, 50 / 1~500 / 1 or 120,000 / 1~1,000,000 / 1.

[0042] When the second component is a phenylpyrazole compound, the concentration ratio (first component / second component) of the first component to the second component is preferably 1,000 / 1 to 100,000 / 1, more preferably 10,000 / 1 to 50,000 / 1, even more preferably 25,000 / 1 to 35,000 / 1, and particularly preferably 30,000 / 1.

[0043] When the second component is an isoxazoline compound, the concentration ratio (first component / second component) of the first component to the second component is preferably 10 / 1 to 10,000 / 1, more preferably 100 / 1 to 5,000 / 1, even more preferably 2,000 / 1 to 4,000 / 1, and particularly preferably 3,000 / 1.

[0044] When the second component is a m-diamide compound, the concentration ratio (first component / second component) of the first component to the second component is preferably 1 / 100 to 150,000 / 1, more preferably 1 / 50 to 120,000 / 1. Alternatively, the concentration ratio (first component / second component) of the first component to the second component is preferably 0.01 / 1 to 1,000,000 / 1, more preferably 0.01 / 1 to 150,000 / 1, even more preferably 0.02 / 1 to 120,000 / 1, even more preferably 0.03 / 1 to 800 / 1, and particularly preferably 0.3 / 1 to 150 / 1. Alternatively, the concentration ratio (first component / second component) of the first component to the second component is preferably 120,000 / 1 to 1,000,000 / 1, 0.03 / 1 to 300 / 1, 30 / 1 to 300 / 1, 2.5 / 1 to 300 / 1, 2.5 / 1 to 150 / 1, 32 / 1 to 800 / 1, 50 / 1 to 500 / 1, or 0.03 / 1 to 0.3 / 1.

[0045] When the second component is bromfenac, the concentration ratio of the first component to the second component (first component / second component) is preferably 0.03 / 1 to 1,000,000 / 1, more preferably 0.03 / 1 to 800 / 1, even more preferably 0.03 / 1 to 300 / 1, even more preferably 0.03 / 1 to 150 / 1, and particularly preferably 3 / 1 to 150 / 1. Alternatively, when the second component is bromfenac, the concentration ratio of the first component to the second component (first component / second component) is preferably 0.03 / 1 to 0.3 / 1, 2.5 / 1 to 300 / 1, 2.5 / 1 to 150 / 1, 30 / 1 to 300 / 1, 32 / 1 to 800 / 1, 50 / 1 to 500 / 1, or 120,000 / 1 to 1,000,000 / 1.

[0046] When the second component is cyclofentazine, the concentration ratio (first component / second component) of the first component to the second component is preferably 0.03 / 1 to 1,000,000 / 1, more preferably 0.03 / 1 to 800 / 1, even more preferably 0.03 / 1 to 300 / 1, even more preferably 0.3 / 1 to 300 / 1, even more preferably 3 / 1 to 300 / 1, and particularly preferably 60 / 1 to 300 / 1. Alternatively, when the second component is cyclofentazine, the concentration ratio (first component / second component) of the first component to the second component is preferably 3 / 1 to 80 / 1.

[0047] When the aforementioned pest is thrips and the second component is bromoflubenzuron or cyprofen, the concentration ratio of the first component to the second component (first component / second component) is preferably 0.03 / 1 to 300 / 1, more preferably 2.5 / 1 to 300 / 1 or 0.03 / 1 to 0.3 / 1. Furthermore, relative to the total volume of the pest control composition, the concentration of the first component is preferably 0.3 ppm to 3,000 ppm, and the concentration of the second component is preferably 10 ppm to 62.5 ppm, more preferably 30 ppm to 3,000 ppm, and the concentration of the second component is preferably 10 ppm, or even more preferably 0.3 ppm to 3 ppm, and the concentration of the second component is preferably 10 ppm.

[0048] As a harmful organism in this invention, at least one pest selected from the group consisting of harmful arthropods, harmful mollusks, and harmful nematodes can be cited. Specific examples of harmful organisms include the following.

[0049] Examples of harmful arthropods belonging to the order Coleoptera (insects) include: the yellow cucumber beetle (Acalymma spp.), such as the striped yellow cucumber beetle (Acalymma vittatum); the bean weevil (Acanthoscelides spp.), such as the bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus); the pests of the genus *Adoretus*; the click beetle (Aeolus spp.); the wasp beetle (Aethina spp.), such as the wasp beetle (Aethina tumida); the elm leaf beetle (Agelastica spp.), such as the elm leaf beetle (Agelastica alni); and the narrow-striped ... Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Agrilus* include *bilineatus*, *Agrilus coxalis*, and *Agrilus planipennis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Agriotes* include *Agriotes fuscicollis*, *Agriotes lineatus*, and *Agriotes mancus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Alphitobius* include *Alphitobius diaperinus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Amphimallon* include *Amphimallon solstitialis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Anchastus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Anobium* include *Anobium punctatum*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Anomala* include *Anomala albopilosa*, *Anomalacuprea*, and *Anomala*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Anoplophora* include *rufocuprea*, etc.; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Anoplophora* include the glabripennis longhorn beetle and the mulberry longhorn beetle; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Anthonomus* include the cotton boll weevil and the strawberry flower weevil; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Anthrenus* include...Examples of pests belonging to the genera *Apion*, *Apogonia*, *Aracanthus* (e.g., *Aracanthus mourei*), *Araecerus* (e.g., coffee bean weevil), *Aromia* (e.g., red-necked longhorn beetle), *Atomaria* (e.g., *Atomaria linearis*), *Attagenus* (dermestid beetle), *Aulacophora* (e.g., *Aulacophora femoralis*), *Baris* (e.g., *Baris caerulescens*), and *Brassicogethes* (e.g., rapeseed beetle) are listed below. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Bruchidius* (spp.) include the rapeseed flower beetle (*Brassicogethes aeneus*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Bruchidius* (spp.) include the common bean weevil (*Bruchidius obtectus*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Bruchus* (spp.) include the pea weevil (*Bruchus pisorum*) and the broad bean weevil (*Bruchus rufimanus*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Callosobruchus* (spp.) include the mung bean weevil (*Callosobruchus chinensis*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Cassida* (spp.); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Cerotoma* (*Cerotoma trifurcata*); and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Ceutorrhynchus* (spp.) include *Ceutorrhynchus assimilis* and the four-toothed short-fronted weevil (*Ceutorrhynchus*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Chaetocnema* include: *Ceutorrhynchus rapae*, *Chaetocnema concinna*, *Chaetocnema concinna*, *Chaetocnema denticulata*, *Chaetocnema ectypa*, and *Chaetocnemapulicaria*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Cleonus* include: *Cleonus mendicus*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Clivina* include: *Clivina spp.*Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Colaspis* include *Clivina impressifrons*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Colaspis* include *Colaspis brunnea*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Conoderus* include *Conoderus* spp.; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Cosmopolites* spp. include *Cosmopolites sordidus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Costelytra* include *Costelytra zealandica*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Cryptolestes* spp. include *Cryptolestes ferrugineus* and *Cryptolestes pusillus*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Cryptorhynchus* spp. include *Cryptorhynchus lapathi* and *Cryptorhynchus*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Ctenicera* include: *Curculio mangiferae*, *Curculio caryae*, *Curculio caryatrypes*, *Curculio obtusus*, and *Curculio sayi*; *Cylasspp.*, *Cylas formicarius*; *Cylindrocopturus*, *Cylindrocopturus adspersus* and *Cylindrocopturus furnissi*; *Dendroctonus*, *Dendroctonus ponderosae*; *Dermestes*, *Dermestes maculatus*; and *Diabrotica*, *Diabrotica*. spp.Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Diabrotica* include: the striped root leaf beetle (*Diabrotica balteata*), the corn root leaf beetle (*Diabrotica barberi*), *Diabrotica speciosa*, the southern corn root leaf beetle (*Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi*), the eleven-spotted cucumber beetle (*Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata*), the western corn rootworm (*Diabrotica virgifera virgifera*), and the Mexican corn rootworm (*Diabrotica virgifera zeae*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Dichocrocis* include: pests belonging to the genus *Dicladispa* (e.g., the rice beetle *Dicladispa armigera*); pests belonging to the genus *Diloboderus* (e.g., *Diloboderus abderus*); and pests belonging to the genus *Echinocnemus* (e.g., *Echinocnemus*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Squameus* include: *Epicaerus*; *Epilachnas pp.*, such as the northern ladybug (*Epilachna borealis*), Mexican bean ladybug (*Epilachna variantstis*), and ladybug (*Epilachna vigintioctopunctata*); *Epitrix spp.*, such as *Epitrix cucumeris*, *Epitrix fuscula*, tobacco flea beetle (*Epitrix hirtipennis*), *Epitrix subcrinita*, and potato flea beetle (*Epitrix tuberis*); *Epiuraea spp.*, such as *Epiuraea domina*; and *Euscepes spp.*, such as the West Indian sweet potato weevil (*Euscepes*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Eutinobothrus* include *Eutinobothrus brasiliensis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Faustinus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Gametis* spp., such as the green flower beetle *Gametis jucunda*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Gibbium* spp., such as the ball spider beetle *Gibbium psylloides*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Gnathocerus* spp.Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Hellula* include: *Hellula undalis*; *Heptophylla* includes: *Heptophylla picea*; *Heteronychus* spp. includes: African black beetle (*Heteronychus arator*); *Heteronyx* includes: *Holotrichia* spp.; *Hylamorpha* includes: *Hylamorpha elegans*; *Hylotrupes* spp. includes: longhorn beetle (*Hylotrupes bajulus*); and *Hypera* spp. includes: alfalfa weevil (*Hypera* spp.). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Hypomeces* include *Hypomecessquamosus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Hypothenemus* include coffee berry beetle (*Hypothenemushampei*) and *Hypothenemus obscurus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Laccoptera* include leaf beetle (*Laccoptera quadrimaculata*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lachnosterna* include *Lachnosterna consanguinea*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lasioderma* include tobacco beetle (*Lasioderma serricore*) and *Lasioderma serricorne*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Latheticus* include rice flat beetle (*Latheticus oryzae*); and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lema* include leaf beetle (*Laccoptera quadrimaculata*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lachnosterna* include coffee berry beetle (*Hypothenemushampei*) and leaf beetle (*Latheticus oryzae*); and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lema* include leaf beetle (*Lachnosterna consanguinea*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Leptinotarsa* (spp.); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Leptinotarsa* (spp.), such as the potato beetle (*Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Leucoptera* (spp.), such as the coffee leafminer (*Leucoptera coffeella*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Limonius* (spp.), such as *Limonius ectypus*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lissorhoptrus* (spp.).Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Listronotus* include rice water weevils (*Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus*); pests belonging to the genus *Lixus* spp.; pests belonging to the genus *Luperodes*; pests belonging to the genus *Luperomorpha*, such as the yellow-striped flea beetle (*Luperomorpha xanthodera*); and pests belonging to the genus *Lyctus* spp., such as the brown powdery beetle (*Lyctus brunneus*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Medythia*, such as *Medythia nigrobilineata*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Megacyllene*, such as *Megacyllenerobiniae*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Megascelis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Melanotus* (click beetles), such as *Melanotus fortnumi*, *Melanotus legatus*, *Melanotus longulus oregonensis*, *Melanotus okinawensis*, and *Melanotus tamsuyensis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Meligethes* (flower beetles), such as the rapeseed flower beetle (*Meligethes aeneus*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Melolontha* (scarab beetles), such as the European scarab beetle (*Melolontha melolontha*); and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Migdolus*, such as *Migdolus*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Monochamus* include: *fryanus*, *Monochamus alternatus*, *Myochrous* (*Myochrous denticollis*), *Naupactus* (*Naupactus xanthographus*), *Necrobia* (*Necrobia*), *Neogalerucella* (*Neogalerucella*), *Niptus* (*Niptus* hololeucus*), *Oryctes* (*Oryctes rhinoceros*), *Oryzaephilus* (*Oryzaephilus surinamensis*), and *Oryzaphagus* (*Oryzaphagus*). spp.Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Otiorhynchus* include: rice root weevil (*Oryzaphagus oryzae*); strawberry root weevil (*Otiorhynchus ovatus*), black vine weevil (*Otiorhynchus sulcatus*); rice leaf beetle (*Oulema* spp.) including rice leaf beetle (*Oulema melanopus*) and rice leaf beetle (*Oulema oryzae*); jucunda (*Oxycetonia*); fuscipes (*Paederus* spp.); and leaf beetles (*Phaedon*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Phaedon* (spp.), such as *Phaedon brassicae* and *Phaedon cochleariae*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Phyllophaga* (spp.), such as *Phyllophagacrinita* and *Phyllophaga helleri*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Phyllotreta* (spp.), such as *Phyllotreta armoraciae*, *Phyllotreta cruciferae*, *Phyllotretapusilla*, *Phyllotreta ramosa*, and *Phyllotreta striolata*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Popillia* (spp.), such as the Japanese scarab beetle; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Premnotrypes*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Prostephanus*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Psacothea* (spp.) include the large grain beetle (*Prostephanus truncatus*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Psacothea* (spp.) include the mulberry brown longhorn beetle (*Psacotheahilaris*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Psylliodes* (spp.) include *Psylliodes affinis*, *Psylliodes angusticollis*, rapeseed flea beetle (*Psylliodes chrysocephala*), and *Psylliodes punctulata*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Ptinus* (spp.).Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pubes*, such as *Pubescens*; the genus *Rhabdoscelus*, such as *Rhabdoscelus lineaticollis*; the genus *Rhizobius*, such as *Rhizobius ventralis*; the genus *Rhizopertha*, such as *Rhizopertha dominica*; the genus *Rhizotrogus*, such as *Rhizotrogus majalis*; the genus *Rhynchites*, such as *Rhynchitesheros*; the genus *Rhynchophorus*, such as the red palm weevil (*Rhynchophorus ferrugineus*) and the South American palm weevil (*Rhynchophorus palmarum*); and the genus *Scepticus*, such as *Scepticus*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Scolytus* include *Griseus* and *Scepticus uniformis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Scolytus* include the elm bark beetle *Scolytus multistriatus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Sinoxylon* include the perforating powder beetle *Sinoxylon perforans*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Sitophilus* include the grain weevil *Sitophilus granarius*, *Sitophilus linearis*, *Sitophilus oryzae*, and *Sitophilus zeamais*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Sphenophorus* include *Sphenophorus callosus*, *Sphenophorus levis*, *Sphenophorus venatus*, and *Sphenophorus venatus vestitus*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Stegobium*. Examples of pests belonging to the genera *Stenolophus* and *Sternechus* include: *Sternechus paludatus* and *Sternechus subsignatus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Symphyletes*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tanymecus*.Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tanymecus* include *Tanymecus dilaticollis*, *Tanymecus indicus*, and *Tanymecus palliatus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tenebrio* include mealworms; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tenebrioides* include flat flour beetles; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tomarus* include *Tomarus gibbosus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tomicus piniperda*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tribolium* include *Tribolium audax*, *Tribolium castaneum*, and *Tribolium confusum*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Trogoderma* include the spotted grain beetle. Examples of plant pests include: * *granarium*, etc.; pests belonging to the genus *Tychius* spp.; pests belonging to the genus *Xylotrechus* spp., such as the mulberry longhorn beetle (*Xylotrechus pyrrhoderus*); pests belonging to the genus *Zabrotes* spp., such as the four-striped beetle (*Zabrotes subfasciatus*); and pests belonging to the genus *Zabrus* spp., such as the grain ground beetle (*Zabrustenebrioides*).

[0050] Examples of pests belonging to the order Dermoptera in the class Insecta include those belonging to the genus *Anisolabis* (such as the seaside earwig *Anisolabis maritima*), those belonging to the genus *Forficula* (such as the common earwig *Forficula auricularia*), and those belonging to the genus *Labidura* (such as the riparia riparia), which are plant diseases or sanitary pests.

[0051] Examples of pests belonging to the order Diptera (insects) include: pests belonging to the genus *Aedes* (e.g., *Aedes aegypti*, *Aedes albopictus*, *Aedes sticticus*, *Aedes vexans*); pests belonging to the genus *Agromyza* (e.g., *Agromyza frontella*, *Agromyza oryzae*, *Agromyza parvicornis*); pests belonging to the genus *Anastrepha* (e.g.); and pests belonging to the genus *Anopheles* (e.g., *Anopheles albimanus*, *Anopheles arabiensis*, *Anopheles scoluzzii*, *Anopheles darlingi*, and *Anopheles farauti*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Anopheles farauti*, *Anopheles funestus*, *Anopheles gambiae*, *Anopheles minimus*, *Anopheles quadrimaculatus*, *Anopheles sinensis*, *Anopheles stephensi*, and *Anopheles sundaicus* include: *Asphondylia* spp. pests, such as *Asphondylia yushimai*; *Bactroceras* spp. pests, such as *Bactrocera cucurbitae*, *Bactroceradorsalis*, *Bactrocera latifrons*, *Bactrocera oleae*, and *Bactrocera tryoni*; and *Bibio* spp. pests. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Bradysia* (spp.) include *Bibiohortulanus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Bradysia* (spp.) include *Bradysia difformis* and *Bradysia odoriphaga*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Calliphora* (spp.).Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Calliphora* include: red-headed blowfly (*Calliphora erythrocephala*) and blue blowfly (*Calliphora vicina*); Mediterranean fruit fly (*Ceratitis* spp.) examples include: Mediterranean fruit fly (*Ceratitis capitata*); midge (*Chironomus* spp.) examples include: large midge (*Chironomus plumosus*) and yoshimatsui; yellow leafminer (*Chlorops* spp.) examples include: rice straw fly (*Chlorops oryzae*); leafminer (*Chromatomyia* spp.) examples include: vegetable leafminer (*Chromatomyia horticola*); blowfly (*Chrysomya* spp.) examples; and horsefly (*Chrysops* spp.) examples. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Chrysozona* (e.g., *Chrysozona pluvialis*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Clogmia* (e.g., *Clogmia albipunctata*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Cochliomya*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Contarinia* (e.g., *Contarinia johnsoni*, *Contarinia nasturti*, *Contarinia pyrivora*, *Contarinia schulzi*, *Contarinia sorghicola*, *Contariniatritici*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Cordy* (e.g., *Cordy lobia anthropophaga*); and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Cricotopus* (e.g., *Cricotopus*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Culex* include *Culex pipiens*, *Culex pipiens f. molestus*, *Culex pipiens pallens*, *Culex pipiens pipiens*, *Culex quinquefasciatus*, *Culex tritaeniorhynchus*, and *Culex vishnui*. Other examples include midges belonging to the genus *Culicoides*.Examples of pests belonging to the genera *Culiseta*, *Cuterebra*, *Dacus* (e.g., olive fruit fly), *Dacus oleae*, *Dasineura* (e.g., cabbage gall midge), *Delia* (e.g., onion fly, wheat fly, flower fly, carrion fly, and cabbage root fly), *Dermatobia* (e.g., human root fly), and *Diopsis* (e.g., dermatobia hominis). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Drosophila* (spp.) include: *Diopsis macrophthalma*, *Drosophila melanogaster*, *Drosophila suzukii*, *Echinocnemus*, *Euleia* (heraclei), *Fannia*, *Gasterophilus*, *Glossina* (morsitans), *Glossina palpalis*, *Glyptotendipes* (tokunagai), and *Haematobia*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Haematobia* (spp.) include: horseflies (Haematopota spp.); pests belonging to the genus *Hippobosca* (Hippobosca spp.); pests belonging to the genus *Hydrellia* (Hydrellia griseola), *Hydrellia philippina*, and *Hydrellia sasakii*; pests belonging to the genus *Hylemya*; and pests belonging to the genus *Hypoderma* (Hypoderma spp.).Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Hypoderma* include: the cow fly (*Hypoderma bovis*) and the striped fly (*Hypoderma lineatum*); pests belonging to the genus *Leptoconops* spp. include: the Japanese midge (*Leptoconops nipponensis*); pests belonging to the genus *Liriomyza* spp. include: the cabbage leafminer (*Liriomyza brassicae*), the melon leafminer (*Liriomyza bryoniae*), the onion leafminer (*Liriomyza chinensis*), the South American leafminer (*Liriomyza huidobrensis*), the vegetable leafminer (*Liriomyza sativa*), the Liriomyza sativae, and the American leafminer (*Liriomyza trifolii*); pests belonging to the genus *Lucilia* spp. include: the green window fly (*Luciliacuprina*); and pests belonging to the genus *Lutzomyia*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Mansonia* (spp.); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Mayetiola* (spp.), such as *Mayetiola destructor*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Megaselia* (spp.), such as *Megaselia spiracularis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Melophagus* (spp.), such as *Melophagus ovinus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Muscaspp.*, such as *Musca domestica* and *Musca domestica vicina*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Muscina* (spp.), such as *Muscina stabulans*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Oestrus* (spp.), such as *Oestrus vesicae*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Orseolia* include: rice gall midges (*Orseolia oryzae*); pests belonging to the genus *Oscinella* include: oat bud flies (*Oscinella frit*); pests belonging to the genus *Paralauterborniella* include: *Paralauterborniella subcincta*; pests belonging to the genus *Paratanytarsus* include: beet flies (*Pegomya spp.*).Examples of pests belonging to the genera *Pegomya* and *Pegomya cunicularia*, *Pegomya rubivora*, etc.; examples of pests belonging to the genera *Pegomya* or *Pegomya*; examples of pests belonging to the genera *Phlebotomus*; examples of pests belonging to the genera *Phorbia*; examples of pests belonging to the genera *Phormia*; examples of pests belonging to the genera *Piophila*, such as *Piophila casei*; examples of pests belonging to the genera *Platyparea*, such as *Platyparea poeciloptera*; examples of pests belonging to the genera *Prodiplosis*; examples of pests belonging to the genera *Prosimulium*, such as *Prosimulium yezoensis*; examples of pests belonging to the genera *Psila*, such as the carrot fly (*Psila*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Rhacochlaena* include: *Rhacochlaena japonica*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Rhagoletis* include: cherry fruit fly (*Rhagoletis cingulata*), walnut fruit fly (*Rhagoletis completa*), *Rhagoletis fausta*, *Rhagoletis indifferens*, blueberry fruit fly (*Rhagoletis mendax*), apple fruit fly (*Rhagoletis pomonella*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Sarcophaga*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Simulium* include: African black fly (*Simulium damnosum*), Japanese black fly (*Simulium japonicum*), *Simulium meridionale*, ornamental black fly (*Simulium ornatum*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Sitodiplosis* include: orange wheat gall midge (*Sitodiplosis*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Stomoxys* include *mosellana*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Stomoxys* include *Stomoxys calcitrans*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tabanus* include horseflies.Examples of plant pests include: those belonging to the genus *Telmatoscopus*, such as *Tabanus trigonus*; those belonging to the genus *Tetanops*, such as the beetroot fly (*Tetanops myopaeformis*); those belonging to the genus *Tipula* spp., such as *Tipula aino*, *Tipula oleracea*, *Tipula paludosa*, and *Tipula simplex*; and those belonging to the genus *Toxotrypana*, such as the papaya fruit fly (*Toxotrypana curvicauda*).

[0052] Examples of pests belonging to the order Hemiptera (insect class) include: pests belonging to the genus *Abgrallaspis* spp., such as *Abgrallaspis cyanophylli*; pests belonging to the genus *Acanthocoris* spp., such as *Acanthocoris sordidus*; pests belonging to the genus *Acizzia* spp., such as *Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae*, *Acizzia dodonaeae*, and *Acizzia uncatoides*; pests belonging to the genus *Acrida* spp., such as *Acrida turrita*; pests belonging to the genus *Acrogonia*; and pests belonging to the genus *Acyrthosiphon* spp., such as the pea aphid. Examples of pests include: pisum, etc.; pests belonging to the genus *Acyrthosipon*; pests belonging to the genus *Adelges* spp., such as the spruce aphid (*Adelges piceae*) and the hemlock aphid (*Adelgestsugae*); pests belonging to the genus *Adelphocoris* spp., such as the alfalfa mirid bug (*Adelphocoris lineolatus*) and the three-spotted mirid bug (*Adelphocoris triannulatus*); pests belonging to the genus *Aelia*; pests belonging to the genus *Aeneolamia*; pests belonging to the genus *Aeschynteles*, such as *Aeschynteles maculatus*; pests belonging to the genus *Agonoscena*; pests belonging to the genus *Aguriahana*, such as *Aguriahana quercus*; and pests belonging to the genus *Aleurocanthus* spp., such as the tea whitefly (*Aleurocanthus*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Aleurolobus* include *camelliae*, citrus whitefly (*Aleurocanthus spiniferus*), etc.; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Aleurolobus* include *Aleurolobus barodensis*, *Aleurolobus taonabae*, etc.; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Aleurothrixus* include *Aleurothrixus floccosus*, etc.; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Aleyrodes* include *Aleurothrixus*.Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Allocaridara* include the cabbage whitefly (*Aleyrodes proletella*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Allocaridara* include *Allocaridara malayensis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Alnetoidia* include *Alnetoidia alneti*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Amrasca* include the cotton leafhopper (*Amrasca biguttula biguttula*) and the destroyer leafhopper (*Amrasca devastans*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Anacanthocoris* include *Anacanthocoris striicornis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Anasa* include the pumpkin bug (*Anasa tristis*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Andaspis* include *Andaspis kashicola*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Anomomeura* include the mulberry psyllid (*Anomomeura*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Antestiopsis* include: mori; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Anuraphis* include: *Anuraphis cardui*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Aonidiella* include: California red scale (*Aonidiella aurantii*), yellow scale (*Aonidiella citrina*), and *Aonidiella inornata*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Aphanostigma* include: *Aphanostigma piri*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Apheliona* include: *Apheliona ferruginea*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Aphidonuguis* include: *Aphidonuguis mali*; and examples of aphids belonging to the genus *Aphis* spp.Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Aphrastasia* include citrus aphids (*Aphis citricola*), bean aphids (*Aphis craccivora*), broad bean aphids (*Aphis fabae*), farinoseyanagicola (*Aphis farinoseyanagicola*), forbesi (*Aphis forbesi*), soybean aphids (*Aphis glycines*), cotton aphids (*Aphis gossypii*), ivy aphids (*Aphis hederae*), ivy aphids (*Aphis illinoisensis*), aphids middletoni (*Aphis middletoni*), nasturtii (*Aphis nasturtii*), oleander aphids (*Aphis nerii*), apple aphids (*Aphis pomi*), spiraecola (*Aphis spiraecola*), and viburniphila (*Aphis viburniphila*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Aphrastasia* include *Aphrastasia pectinatae*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Aphrophora* include *Aphrophora costalis*, *Aphrophora flavipes*, and *Aphrophora* spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Apolygus* include: intermedia, green mirid bug (*Apolygus lucorum*), *Apolygus spinolai*, etc.; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Arboridia* include: *Arboridia apicalis*, etc.; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Arytainilla*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Aspidiella*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Aspidiotus* spp., such as the destructor scale insect (*Aspidiotus destructor*), the ivy scale insect (*Aspidiotus hederae*), the oleander scale insect (*Aspidiotus nerii*), etc.; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Atanus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Aulacorthum*, such as the potato aphid (*Aulacorthum solani*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Bactericera*, such as the tomato psyllid (*Bactericera cockerelli*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Balclutha*, such as *Balclutha*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Bemisia* include *saltuella*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Bemisia* include silver leaf whitefly (*Bemisia argentifolii*) and tobacco whitefly (*Bemisia tabaci*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Blastopsylla* include *Blastopsylla occidentalis*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Blissus* include ground bugs.Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Boisea* include: white-winged ground bugs (Blissus leucopterus); pests belonging to the genus *Boreioglycaspis* include: *Boreioglycaspis melaleucae*; pests belonging to the genus *Bothrogonia* include: Japanese leafhoppers (Bothrogonia japonica); pests belonging to the genus *Brachycaudus* spp. include: chrysanthemum short-tailed aphids (Brachycaudus helichrysi); pests belonging to the genus *Brachycolus*; pests belonging to the genus *Brevennia* include: *Brevennia rehi*; pests belonging to the genus *Brevicoryne* spp. include: cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae); and pests belonging to the genus *Cacopsylla* spp. include: Chinese psyllid (Cacopsylla chinensis). Examples of pests include: * *Cacopsylla pyricola*, *Cacopsylla pyirisuga*, etc.; pests belonging to the genus *Calligypona*, such as *Calligypona marginata*; pests belonging to the genus *Calocoris*; pests belonging to the genus *Calophya*, such as *Calophya nigridorsalis*; pests belonging to the genus *Campylomma*, such as *Campylomma livida*; pests belonging to the genus *Capulinia*; pests belonging to the genus *Carneocephala*, such as *Carneocephala fulgida*; pests belonging to the genus *Carpocoris*, such as *Carpocoris purpureipennis*; pests belonging to the genus *Cavelerius*, such as the sugarcane bug (Cavelerius saccharivorus); pests belonging to the genus *Cenarytaina*; and pests belonging to the genus *Ceratovacuna*. Examples of pests belonging to the family Cercopidae (spp.) include the bamboo aphid (Ceratovacuna lanigera); examples of pests belonging to the genus Ceroplastes (Ceroplastes spp.); and examples of pests belonging to the genus Ceroplastes (Ceroplastes spp.).Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Ceroplastes* include the Japanese wax scale (*Ceroplastes ceriferus*) and the red wax scale (*Ceroplastes rubens*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Chaetosiphon* include the strawberry aphid (*Chaetosiphon fragaefolii*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Chionaspis* include *Chionaspistegalensis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Chlorita* include the small green leafhopper (*Chlorita onukii*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Chondracris* spp. include the rose grasshopper (*Chondracris rose*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Chromaphis* include the walnut aphid (*Chromaphis juglandicola*); and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Chrysomphalus* spp. include the black round shield scale (*Chrysomphalus aonidum*) and the fig round shield scale (*Chrysomphalus*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Cicadella* include: leafhoppers (e.g., *Cicadella viridis*); pests belonging to the genus *Cicadulina* include: *Cicadulina mbila*; pests belonging to the genus *Cimex* include: bedbugs (e.g., *Cimex adjunctus*, *Cimex hemipterus*, *Cimex lectularius*, *Cimex pilosellus*); pests belonging to the genus *Cletus* include: rice bugs (e.g., *Cletus punctiger*, *Cletus trigonus*); pests belonging to the genus *Clovia* include: *Clovia punctata*; pests belonging to the genus *Coccomytilus* include: *Coccomytilus halli*; and pests belonging to the genus *Coccus* include: scale insects (e.g., *Coccus*). Examples of pests include *Coccus discrepans*, *Coccus pseudomagnoliarum*, and *Coccus viridis*; *Cocous longulus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Cofana*, such as *Cofana spectra*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Collaria*; and *Comstockaspis spp.*Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Corythucha* include: *Comstockaspis perniciosa* (San Jose scale insect); *Corythucha ciliata* and *Corythucha marmorata* (plane tree lace bug); *Corythucha dilutus* and *Corythucha pallidifer* (creeontiades); *Crisicoccus matsumotoi* and *Crisicoccus pini* (crisicoccus matsumotoi and pine mealybug); *Cryptomyzus ribis* (currant aphid); *Cryptoneossa* (cryptoneossa); *Cyrtopeltis tenuis* (cryptopeltis tenuis); and *Daktulosphaira* (grape phylloxera). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Dalbulus* (spp.) include: grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae); corn leafhoppers (Dalbulus maidis); pepper bugs (Dasynus piperis); chitti whiteflies (Dialeurodes chittendeni, Dialeurodes citri); citrus psyllids (Diaphorina citri); pernicios scale insects (Diaspidiotus perniciosus); diaspis; and Dichelops, such as Dichelops furcatus and Dichelops spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Melacanthus*, such as *Diconocoris* hewetti; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Diuraphis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Dolycoris*, such as the berry bug (*Dolycoris baccarum*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Doralis*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Drosicha* spp.Examples of pests include: * *Drosicha corpulenta* (a type of cottony mealybug); * *Duplaspidiotus* (a type of aphid); * *Dysaphis spp.* (a type of aphid); * *Dysaphis apiifolia* (a type of aphid), * *Dysaphis plantaginea* (a type of aphid), and * *Dysaphis tulipae* (a type of aphid); * *Dysdercus spp.* (a type of bug); * *Dysdercus cingulatus* (a type of bug); and * *Dysdercus poecilus* (a type of bug). Examples of pests in the genus *Dysmicoccus* include: *Dysmicoccus brevipes* (a type of mealybug); and *Dysmicoccus brevicius* (a type of mealybug). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Dysmicocous* include: *Ectometopterus* (e.g., *Ectometopterus micantulus*); *Edwardsiana* (e.g., *Edwardsiana flavescens*, *Edwardsiana rosae*); *Empoasca* (e.g., *Empoasca abietis*, *Empoasca abrupta*, *Empoasca fabae*, *Empoascamaligna*, *Empoasca nipponica*, *Empoasca onukii*, *Empoascasakaii*, *Empoasca solana*, *Empoasca stevensi*); *Epiacanthus* (e.g., *Epiacanthus stramineus*); and *Ericerus* (e.g., *Ericerus spp.*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Eriosoma* include: pela; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Eriosoma* spp., such as *Eriosoma americanum*, *Eriosoma lanigerum*, and *Eriosoma pyricola*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Erythroneura*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Eucalyptolyma*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Euceraphis*, such as *Euceraphis punctipennis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Euphyllura*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Eurydema* spp.Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Eurydema* include *Eurydema pulchrum* and *Eurydema rugosum*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Eurygaster* include *Euscelis*, such as *Euscelis bilobatus*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Euschistus* include *Euschistus heros*, *Euschistus servus*, *Euschistus tristigmus*, and *Euschistus variolarius*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Eysarcoris* include *Eysarcoris aeneus*, *Eysarcoris annamita*, *Eysarcoris guttiger*, *Eysarcoris lewisi*, *Eysarcoris parvus*, and *Eysarcoris ventralis*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Ferrisia* include *Fiorinia*, such as the tea oyster scale insect. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Furcaspis* include *Furcaspis*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Galeica* include: oceanica; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Galeica* include: *Galeica spinifrons*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Geisha* include: *Geishadistinctissima*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Geococcus* include: coffee root mealybug (*Geococcus coffee*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Geoica* include: *Geoica lucifuga*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Glaucias* include: *Glaucias subpunctatus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Glycaspis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Graphosoma* include: red-striped bug (*Graphosoma rubrolineatum*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Graptopsaltria* include: cicada (*Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Halticiellus*, such as *Halticiellus insularis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Halticus*, such as *Halticus insularis*; and pests belonging to the genus *Halyomorpha* spp.Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Heliopeltis* include: the brown-edged green bug (*Halyomorpha halys*); pests belonging to the genus *Heterocordylus* include: *Heterocordylus flavipes*; pests belonging to the genus *Heteropsylla* include: *Heteropsylla cubana* and *Heteropsylla spinulosa*; pests belonging to the genus *Homalodisca* include: the glass-winged leafhopper (*Homalodisca coagulata*); pests belonging to the genus *Homalogonia* include: *Homalogonia obtusa*; pests belonging to the genus *Horcias* include: *Horcias nobilellus*; pests belonging to the genus *Hyalopterus spp.* include: the reed aphid (*Hyalopterus arundinis*) and the plum aphid (*Hyalopterus pruni*); and pests belonging to the genus *Icerya*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Idiocerus* (spp.) include: cottony cushion scale (*Icerya purchasi*) and *Icerya seychellarum*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Idioscopus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Javesella* (*Javesella pellucida*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lagynotomus* (*Lagynotomus elongatus*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Laodelphax* (spp.) include: gray planthopper (*Laodelphax striatellus*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lecanium* (*Lecanium corni*, *Lecanium persicae*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lepholeucaspis* (*Lepholeucaspis japonica*); and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lepidosaphes* (spp.) include: oyster scale (*Lepidosaphes beckerii*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Leptocorisa* include the rice bug (*Leptocorisa beckii*), the elm scale insect (*Leptocorisa ulmi*), and others; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Leptocorisa* include the pointed rice bug (*Leptocorisa acuta*), the Chinese rice bug (*Leptocorisa chinensis*), the oratorius rice bug (*Leptocorisa oratorius*), and the varicornis rice bug (*Leptocorisa varicornis*); and others belonging to the genus *Leptoglossus*.Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Leptoglossus* include *Leptoglossus australis*, *Leptoglossus occidentalis*, and *Leptoglossus phyllopus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Liorhyssus* include *Liorhyssus hyalinus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lipaphis erysimi*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lopholeucaspis* include *Lopholeucaspis japonica*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lycorma* include *Lycorma delicatula*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lygocoris* include *Lygocorispabulinus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lygus* include *Lygus disponsi*, *Lygus elisus*, *Lygus hesperus*, and *Lygus lineolaris*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Macropes* include *Saundersi*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Macropes* include *Macropes excavatus* and *Macropes obnubilus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Macrosiphoniella* include the chrysanthemum aphid (*Macrosiphoniella sanborni*); and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Macrosiphum* (*Macrosiphum spp.*).Examples of pests belonging to the genus Macrosteles include: potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae), lily aphid (Macrosiphum lili), and rose aphid (Macrosiphum rosae); pests belonging to the genus Macrosteles include: Macrosteles fascifrons and Macrosteles striifrons; pests belonging to the genus Mahanarva include: Mahanarva fimbriolata and Mahanarva posticata; pests belonging to the genus Megacopta include: bean pod bug (Megacopta cribraria) and Megacopta punctatissimum; pests belonging to the genus Megoura include: Megoura crassicauda; pests belonging to the genus Melanaphis include: sorghum aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) and Melanaphis siphonella; and pests belonging to the genus Mesohomotoma include: camphor psyllid (Mesohomotoma). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Metasalis* include *Metasalis populi*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Metcalfa* include the white wax planthopper (*Metcalfa pruinosa*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Metcalfiella*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Metopolophium* include the rose aphid (*Metopolophium dirhodum*); examples of pests belonging to the family Miridae (spp.); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Molipteryx* include *Molipteryx fullginosa*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Monalonion* include *Monalonion atratum*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Monellia* include *Monellia costalis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Monelliopsis* include *Monelliopsis pecanis*; and examples of aphids (*Myzus spp.*).Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Nasonovia* include: *Myzus ascalonicus*, *Myzus cerasi*, *Myzus ligustri*, *Myzus malisuctus*, *Myzus mumecola*, *Myzus nicotiana*, *Myzus ornatus*, and *Myzus persicae*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Nasonovia* include: lettuce root aphid (*Nasonovia ribisnigri*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Neomaskellia* include: *Neotoxoptera*, *Neotoxoptera formosana*, etc. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Nephotettix* include: rice green leafhopper (*Nephotettix cincticeps*), black-tailed leafhopper (*Nephotettix nigropictus*), and green rice leafhopper (*Nephotettix cincticeps*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Nettigoniclla* include *Virescens*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Nettigoniclla* include *Nettigoniclla spectra*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Nezara* include *Nezara antennata* and *Nezara viridula*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Nilaparvata* include *Nilaparvata lugens*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Nippolachnus* include *Nippolachnus piri*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Numata* include *Numata muiri*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Nysius*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Oebalus* include *Oebalus pugnax*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Oncometopia*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Orientus* include *Orientus ishidai*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Orthezia* include *Orthezia praclonga*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Orthotylus* include *Orthotylus*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Flavosparsus* include *Ovatus* malicolens; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Oxya* spp.Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pachybrachius* include: the Chinese rice grasshopper (*Oxyachinensis*); pests belonging to the genus *Pachybrachius* include: *Pachybrachius luridus*; pests belonging to the genus *Pachypsylla* include: pests belonging to the genus *Parabemisia* include: whitefly (*Parabemisiamyricae*); pests belonging to the genus *Paratrioza* include: *Paratrioza cockerelli*; pests belonging to the genus *Parlatoreopsis* include: *Parlatoreopsis pyri*; pests belonging to the genus *Parlatoria* include: tea scale (*Parlatoria camelliae*), tea scale (*Parlatoria theae*), jujube scale (*Parlatoria ziziphi*); pests belonging to the genus *Paromius* include: *Paromius exguus*; and pests belonging to the genus *Pealius* include: *Pealius*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pemphigus* include: *euryae*, etc.; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pemphigus* spp., such as *Pemphigus bursarius* and *Pemphigus populivenae*; examples of pests belonging to the family Pentomidae spp.; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Peregrinus*, such as the corn planthopper (*Peregrinus maidis*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Perkinsiella*, such as the sugarcane planthopper (*Perkinsiella saccharicida*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Phenacoccus*, such as *Phenacoccus madeirensis*, *Phenacoccus pergandei*, the mealybug (*Phenacoccus solani*), and the solenopsis (*Phenacoccus solenopsis*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Philaenus*, such as the grasshopper (*Philaenus spumarius*); and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Phlocomyzus*, such as *Phlocomyzus*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Phorodon* include *passerinil*, such as the hop aphid (*Phorodon humuli*); and those belonging to the genus *Phylloxera* (*Phylloxera spp.*).Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Phylloxera* include grape phylloxera (Phylloxera aphid), *Phylloxera notabilis*, and *Phylloxera russelae*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Piesma* include *Piesma quadrata*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Piezodorus* include *Piezodorus guildinii* and *Piezodorus hybneri*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pinnaspis* include the blue scale insect (Pinnaspis aspidistrae). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Planococcus* include the citrus mealybug (Planococcus citri), *Planococcus kraunhiae*, and *Planococcus lilacinus*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Plautia* include *Plautia crossota stali*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Prosopidopsylla* include *Prosopidopsyllaflava*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Protopulvinaria* include *Protopulvinaria*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Psallus* include *Pseudacysta*, such as *Pseudacysta persea*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pseudaonidia*, such as *Pseudaonidia duplex* and *Pseudaonidia paeoniae*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pseudaulacaspis*, such as *Pseudaulacaspis pentagona* and *Pseudaulacaspis prunicola*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pseudococcus*, such as *Pseudococcus calceolariae*, *Pseudococcus citriculus*, *Pseudococcus comstocki*, *Pseudococcus longispinus*, *Pseudococcus maritimus*, and *Pseudococcus viburni*; and *Pseudococus*. comstocki; examples of pests belonging to the genus Psuedatomoscelis, such as Psuedatomoscelis seriatus; belonging to the genus Psylla spp.Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Psylla* include *Psylla abieti*, *Psylla alni*, *Psylla buxi*, *Psylla jamatonica*, *Psylla malivorella*, *Psylla pyri*, *Psylla pyrisuga*, and *Psylla latifolia*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Psylla* include those belonging to the genus *Pteromalus*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pulvinaria* include those belonging to the genus *Pulvinaria*, such as the citrus scale (*Pulvinaria aurantii*), *Pulvinaria citricola*, and the mulberry scale (*Pulvinaria kuwacola*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pyrilla* include those belonging to the genus *Pyrilla*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Quadraspidiotus* include those belonging to the genus *Quadraspidiotus juglansregiae*, *Quadraspidiotus ostreaeformis*, and the San Jose scale (*Quadraspidiotus*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Quesada* include *Quesada gigas*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Rastrococcus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Recilia* include *Recilia dorsalis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Rhizoecus* include *Rhizoecus kondonis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Rhodnius* include *Rhodnius prolixus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Rhopalosiphum* include *Rhopalosiphum maidis*, *Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae*, *Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae*, *Rhopalosiphum padi*, and *Rhopalosiphum oryzanus*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Rhopalus* include *Rhopalus msculatus*; others belong to the genus *Riptortus spp.*.Examples of pests include: Bean pod bugs (Riptortus clavatus); Sugarcane mealybugs (Saccharicoccus saccharii); Sahlbergella (Sahlbergella singularis); Coffee mealybugs (Saissetiacoffee), Saissetia miranda, Saissetia neglecta, and Saissetia oleae); Sappaphis (Sappaphis piri); Grape leafhoppers (Scaphoideus titanus); Scaptocoris (Scaptocoris castanea); and aphids (Schizaphis spp.).Examples of pests belonging to the genus Scotinophara include: the rice aphid (Schizaphis graminum) and the pear aphid (Schizaphis piricola); pests belonging to the genus Scotinophara include: Scotinopharacoarctata; pests belonging to the genus Scotinophora lurida; pests belonging to the genus Selenaspidus include: Selenaspidus articulatus; pests belonging to the genus Seminphis include: Seminphis heraclei; pests belonging to the genus Siphia include: the yellow rice aphid (Sipha flava); pests belonging to the genus Siphoninus include: Siphoninus phillyreae; pests belonging to the genus Sitobion include: Sitobion akebiae, Sitobion avenae, and Sitobion ibarae; pests belonging to the genus Sogata; and pests belonging to the genus Sogatella include: the white-backed planthopper (Sogatella). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Sogatodes* include *Sogatella panicicola*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Sorhoanus* include *Sorhoanus tritici*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Speusotettix* include *Speusotettix subfusculus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Stariodes* include *Stariodesiwasakii*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Stenocranus* include *Stenocranus pacificus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Stenodema* include *Stenodema calcarata*, *Stenodema calcaratum*, and *Stenodemasibiricum*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Stenotus* include *Stenotus binotatus* and *Stenotus rubrovittatus*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Stephanitis* spp.Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Stephanitis fasciicarina*, such as the pear lace bug (*Stephanitis nashi*), the cuckoo lace bug (*Stephanitis pyrioides*), and *Stephanitis sashi*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Stictocephala*, such as *Stictocephala festina*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tagosodes*, such as *Tagosodes orizicolus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Taylorilygus*, such as *Taylorilygus pallidulus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tenalaphara*, such as *Tenalaphara malayensis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tetragonocephela*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tetraneura*, such as *Tetraneura nigriabdominalis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Thaia*, such as *Thaia subrufa*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tibraca*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tinocallis*, such as *Tinocallis*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Togo* include *caryaefoliae*, *Togo hemipterus*, *Tomaspis*, *Toxoptera spp.*, *Toxoptera aurantii*, *Toxoptera citricida*, and *Toxoptera citricidus*, *Trialeurodes spp.*, *Trialeurodes vaporariorum*, and *Triatoma spp.*Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Triatoma* include *Triatoma dimidiata*, *Triatoma infestans*, and the red-banded kissing bug (*Triatoma rubrofasciata*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Trigonotylus* include *Trigonotylus coelestialium*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Trioza* include camphorf (*Trioza camphorae*), persimmon psyllid (*Trioza diospyri*), African citrus psyllid (*Trioza erytreae*), and *Trioza quercicola*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tuberocephalus* include *Tuberocephalus momonis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Typhlocyba*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Uhlerites* include *Uhlerites debile* and *Uhlerites latius*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Unaspis* spp. include citrus scale (*Unaspis citri*) and euonymus scale (*Unaspis euonymus*). Examples of plant pests include: *Uroeucon* (e.g., *Uroeucon formosanum*); *Viteus* (e.g., *Viteus vitifolii*); *Zygina*; and *Zyginella* (e.g., *Zyginella citri*).

[0053] Examples of pests belonging to the order Hymenoptera (insecta) include: pests belonging to the genus *Acromyrmex* spp.; pests belonging to the genus *Anoplolepis*, such as *Anoplolepis gracilipes*; pests belonging to the genus *Apethymus*, such as *Apethymus kuri*; pests belonging to the genus *Arge* spp., such as *Arge pagana*; pests belonging to the genus *Athalia*, such as *Athalia japonica* and *Athalia rosae*; pests belonging to the genus *Atta* spp., such as *Attacapiguara*; pests belonging to the genus *Camponotus* spp., such as *Camponotus japonicus* and *Camponotus obscuripes*; and pests belonging to the genus *Diprion*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Dolichovespula* (spp.) include: *Diprion similis*; *Dolichovespula* (spp.) includes: *Dryocosmus* (spp.) includes: *Dryocosmus kuriphilus*; *Eciton* (spp.) includes: *Eciton burchellii*, *Eciton schmitti*; *Formica* (spp.) includes: *Formica japonica*; *Hoplocampa* (spp.) includes: *Hoplocampa cookei*, *Hoplocampa testudinea*; *Lasius* (spp.) includes: *Linepithema* (spp.) includes: *Linepithema humile*; and *Monomorium* (spp.) includes: [List of ants]. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Monomorium pharaonis* (spp.); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Myrmecia* (spp.); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Neodiprion* (sertifer); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Ochetellus* (glaber); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Paraponera* (clavata); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Paravespula*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pheidolespp.*Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Plagiolepis* include: big-headed ants (*Pheidole megacephala*) and *Pheidole noda*; pests belonging to the genus *Pogonomyrmex* include: harvester ants (*Pogonomyrmex occidentalis*); long-legged wasps (*Polistes spp.*) include: *Polistes jokahamae*; pests belonging to the genus *Pristomyrmex* include: *Pristomyrmex punctutus*; tree wasps (*Sirex spp.*) include: pine wasps (*Sirex noctilio*); and fire ants (*Solenopsis spp.*) include: tropical fire ants (*Solenopsis geminata*) and red fire ants (*Solenopsis*). Examples of plant pests include: * *Invicta*, * *Tapinoma*, * *Technomyrmex*, * *Technomyrmex albipes*, * *Urocerus*, * *Gigas*, * *Vespa*, * *Vespa analis*, * *Vespacrabro*, * *Vespa mandarinia*, * *Vespa simillima*, * *Vespa velutina*, * *Wasmania*, * *Wasmania auropunctata*, and * *Xeris*. Examples of pests that cause plant diseases or are considered sanitary pests include: * *Xeris*, * *Xeris*, etc.; * *Tapinoma*, * *Technomyrmex*, * *Technomyrmex albipes*, * *Urocerus* spp.*, * *Urocerus gigas*, * *Vespa* spp.*, * *Vespa analis*, * *Vespacrabro*, * *Vespa mandarinia*, * *Vespa simillima*, * *Vespa velutina*, etc.; * *Wasmania*, * *Wasmania auropunctata*, etc.; and * *Xeris*, etc.

[0054] Examples of pests belonging to the order Blattodea (insects) include: pests belonging to the genus *Blatta*, such as the Oriental Blattodea (*Blatta orientalis*); pests belonging to the genus *Blattella*, such as the German Blattodea (*Blattella germanica*); pests belonging to the genus *Coptotermes*, such as the Formosan subterranean termite (*Coptotermes formosanus*) and the Guangzhou subterranean termite (*Coptotermes guangzhouensis*); pests belonging to the genus *Cornitermes*, such as *Cornitermes cumulans*; pests belonging to the genus *Cryptotermes*, such as the domestic termite (*Cryptotermes domesticus*); and pests belonging to the genus *Glyptotermes*, such as *Glyptotermes fuscus*, *Glyptotermes nakajimai*, and *Glyptotermes*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Hodotermopsis* include *Hodotermopsis sjostedti*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Incisitermes* include western drywood termites (*Incisitermes minor*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Kalotermes*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Microtermes* include *Microtermes obesi*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Nasutitermes* include *Nasutitermes takasagoensis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Neotermes* include *Neotermes koshunensis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Odontotermes* include *Odontotermes formosanus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pericapritermes* include *Pericapritermes nitobei*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Periplaneta* include the American cockroach (*Periplaneta Americana*) and the Australian cockroach (*Periplaneta spp.*). Examples include *Periplaneta australasiae*, *Periplaneta brunnea*, *Periplaneta fuliginosa*, and *Periplaneta japonica*; these belong to the genus *Reticulitermesspp.*Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Sinocapritermes* include *Reticulitermes amamianus*, *Reticulitermes flavipes*, *Reticulitermes hesperus*, *Reticulitermes kanmonensis*, *Reticulitermes miyatakei*, and *Reticulitermes speratus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Sinocapritermes* include plant diseases and sanitary pests such as *Sinocapritermes mushae*.

[0055] Examples of pests belonging to the order Lepidoptera (Insecta) include: pests belonging to the genus *Acanthoplusia*, such as *Acanthoplusia agnata*; pests belonging to the genus *Acherontia*, such as the long-beaked hawk moth (*Acherontialachesis*); pests belonging to the genus *Achroia*, such as the small wax moth (*Achroia grisella*); pests belonging to the genus *Acleris*, such as *Acleris comariana*; pests belonging to the genus *Acosmeryx*, such as *Acosmeryx castanea*; pests belonging to the genus *Acrolepiopsis*, such as *Acrolepiopsis sapporensis* and *Acrolepiopsis suzukiella*; pests belonging to the genus *Acronicta*, such as *Acronicta ajor*; and pests belonging to the genus *Adoxophyes*, such as the tea leafroller (*Adoxophyes*). Examples of pests include: * *Adris* (such as *Adristyrannus*); *Aedia* (such as *Aedia leucomelas*); *Agrius* (such as *Agrius convolvuli*); *Agrotis* (such as *Agrotis ipsilon* and *Agrotis segetum*); *Alabama* (such as *Alabama argillacea*); *Amyelois* (such as *Amyelois transitella*); *Anarsia* (such as *Anarsia lineatella*); and *Angerona* (such as *Angerona*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Prunaria* include: *Prunaria prunaria*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Anomis* include: *Anomis esogona*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Anticarsia* include: soybean inchworm (*Anticarsia gemmatalis*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Archips* include: *Archips breviplicanus*, *Archips fuscocupreanus*, *Archips xylosteanus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Argyresthia* include: *Argyresthia conjugella*.Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Argyroploce*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Ascotis*, such as *Ascotis selenaria*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Autographa*, such as *Autographa nigrisigna*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Bactra*, such as *Bactra furfurana*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Bambalina*, such as *Bambalina sp.*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Barathra*, such as the cabbage cutworm (*Barathra brassicae*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Bedellia*, such as the sweet potato leafminer (*Bedellia somnulentella*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Biston*, such as *Biston robustum*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Blastodacna*, such as *Blastodacna atra*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Borbo*, such as *Borbocinnara*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Brachmia*, such as *Brachmia triannulella*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Bucculatrix*, such as *Bucculatrix*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Bupalus* include: *Pyricorella*, *Bucculatrix thurbenella*, etc.; *Bupalus* piniarius, etc.; *Busscola*, etc.; *Cacoecia*, etc.; *Cadra* cautella, etc.; *Calliteara* pseudabietis, etc.; *Caloptilia* soyella, theivora, zachrysa, etc.; *Calyptra* gruesa, etc.; *Capua* capuareticulana, etc.; *Carpocapsa* pomonella, etc.; and *Carposina* var. *peach* fruit borer, etc. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Chaphalocerus include: *Cephonodes hylas*; examples of pests belonging to the genus Cheimatobia, such as the winter geometrid moth (Cheimatobia brumata).Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Chilo* (Chilo spp.), such as *Chilo plejadellus*, *Chilo polychrysus*, and *Chilo suppressalis*; *Choreutis pariana*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Choristoneura*, such as *Choristoneura magnanima*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Chrysodeixis*, such as *Chrysodeixis chalcites* and *Chrysodeixis includens*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Citripestis*, such as *Citripestis sagittiferella*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Clostera*, such as *Clostera anachoreta* and *Clostera anastomosis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Clysia*, such as *Clysia ambiguella*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Cnaphalocrocis* (Cnaphalocrocis spp.), such as the rice leaf roller. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Cnephasia* include *Cnephasia cinereipalpana*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Colias* include the Oriental Yellow Butterfly (*Colias erate poliographus*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Conogethes* include the Yellow-spotted Cowriet Moth (*Conogethes punctiferalis*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Conopomorpha*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Conotrachelus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Copitarsia*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Cossus* (coessus spp.) include *Cossus insularis* and *Cossus jezoensis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Ctenoplusia* include *Ctenoplusia agnata*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Cuphodes* include *Cuphodes diospyrosella*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Cydia* (*Cydia spp.*) include *Cydia spp.*. Examples of pests include kurokoi, pea pod borer (Cydia nigricana), and codling moth (Cydia pomonella); examples of pests belonging to the genus Cystidia, such as Cystidia couaggaria; and examples of pests belonging to the genus Dalaca, such as Dalaca noctuides.Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Dendrolimus* spp., such as the pine caterpillar *Dendrolimus spectabilis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Diaphania*, such as the melon borer *Diaphania indica*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Diatraea* spp., such as the sugarcane stem borer *Diatraea saccharalis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Dioryctria*, such as *Dioryctria zimmermani*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Diparopsis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Earias*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Ecdytolopha*, such as *Ecdytolopha aurantrum*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Ectomyelois*, such as *Ectomyelois*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Elasmopalpus* include *Pyrivorella*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Elasmopalpus* include *Elasmopalpus lignosellus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Eldana* include the sugarcane borer (*Eldana saccharina*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Emmelina* include *Emmelina jezonica*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Endoclyta* include *Endoclyta excrecens* and *Endoclyta sinensis*; *Endopiza viteana*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Ephestia* include the tobacco mealybug (*Ephestia elutella*) and the Mediterranean mealybug (*Ephestia kuehniella*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Epinotia* include *Epinotia aporema*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Epiphyas* include the apple leafroller (*Epiphyas postvittana*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Erannis*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Erschoviella* include *Erschoviella*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Etiella* include: musculana, etc.; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Etiella*, such as the bean pod borer (*Etiella zinckenella*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Eucoenogenes*, such as *Eucoenogenes aestuosa*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Eudocima*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Euhyponomeutoides*, such as *Euhyponomeutoides trachydeltus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Eulia*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Eumeta* spp., such as the Japanese bagworm (*Eumeta japonica*) and *Eumeta minuscule*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Eupoecilia*.Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Eupoecillia ambiguella* include: *Eupoecillia* ambiguella; pests belonging to the genus *Euproctis* spp., such as *Euproctis chrysorrhoea*, *Euproctis piperita*, *Euproctis pseudoconspersa*, *Euproctis similes*, *Euproctis subflava*, and *Euproctis taiwana*; pests belonging to the genus *Euxoa*; pests belonging to the genus *Euzophera*, such as *Euzophera batangensis*; pests belonging to the genus *Feltia*; pests belonging to the genus *Galleria* spp., such as the large wax moth (Galleria mellonella); pests belonging to the genus *Glyphodes*, such as the mulberry moth (Glyphodes pyloalis); pests belonging to the genus *Gracillaria*; and pests belonging to the genus *Grapholita*, such as *Grapholita dimorpha* and *Grapholita*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Hedylepta* include: *Inopinata*, *Grapholita molesta*, and *Grapholita prunivora*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Helcystogramma* include: *Helcystogramma triannulella*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Helicoverpa* include: cotton bollworm (*Helicoverpa armigera*), tobacco budworm (*Helicoverpa assulta*), and corn earworm (*Helicoverpa zea*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Heliothis* include: *Heliothis maritime* and tobacco shoot cutworm (*Heliothis virescens*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Hellula* include: Chinese cabbage moth (*Hellula undalis*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Herpetogramma* include: *Herpetogramma luctuosale*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Hofmannophila* include: brown house moth (*Hofmannophila*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Homocosoma* include *Pseudospretella*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Homona* include *Homona magnanima*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Hoshimoa* include *Hoshimoa adumbratana*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Hyboma* include *Hybomaadauctum*.Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Hydraecia*, such as *Hydraecia immanis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Hymenia*, such as the beet armyworm (*Hymenia recurvalis*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Hyphantria*, such as the fall webworm (*Hyphantria cunea*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Hyponomeuta*, such as *Hyponomeuta padella*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Illiberis*, such as *Illiberis pruni*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Kakivoria*, such as *Kakivoria flavofasciata*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lampides*, such as the blue bean butterfly (*Lampides boeticus*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Laphygma*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Laspeyresia*, such as the oriental fruit moth (*Laspeyresia*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Leguminivora* include *Leguminivora glycinivorella*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lemyra* include *Lemyra imparilis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Leucinodes* include the eggplant borer (*Leucinodes orbonalis*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Leucoptera* include the coffee leafminer (*Leucoptera coffeella*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lithocolletis* include *Lithocolletis blancardella*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lithophane* include *Lithophaneantennata*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lobesia* include the grape leaf roller (*Lobesia botrana*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lotoia* include *Lotoia sinica*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Loxagrotis* include *Loxagrotis albicosta*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lymantria* include the gypsy moth (*Lymantria* spp.). Examples of pests belonging to the genus Lyonetia include Lyonetia clerkella, Lyonetia prunifoliella, and Lyonetia prunifoliellamalinella; examples of pests belonging to the genus Malacosoma spp. include Malacosoma neustria and Malacosoma neustriatestacea.Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Mamestra* include the cabbage looper (*Mamestra brassicae*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Manduca* include the tomato hawk moth (*Manduca quinquemaculata*) and the tobacco hawk moth (*Manduca sexta*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Marasmia* include *Marasmia exigua* and *Marasmia patnalis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Maruca* include the bean pod borer (*Maruca testulalis*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Matsumuraeses* include the bean leafroller (*Matsumuraeses azukivora*), *Matsumuraeses falcana*, and *Matsumuraeses phaseoli*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Melanitis* include *Melanitis leda*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Mocis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Monema* include the yellow-tailed moth (*Monema flavescens*); and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Monopis* include *Monopis*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Mythimna* include *obviella*, *Mythimna separata*, *Naranga*, *Naranga aenescens*, *Narosoideus*, *Narosoideus flavidorsalis*, *Nemapogon*, *Nemapogon cloacellus*, *Nemapogon granellus*, *Nippoptilia*, *Nippoptilia regulus*, *Nippoptilia vitis*, *Nokona*, *Nokonaferalis*, *Notarcha*, *Notarcha derogata*, and *Nymphula*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *depunctalis*, such as *Odonestis* prunijaponensis; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Oiketicus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Olethreutes*, such as *Olethreutes mori*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Omphisa*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Operophtera*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Orgyia*, such as *Orgyia thyellina*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Oria*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Orthaga*.Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Orthosia* include *Orthosia angustipennis* and *Orthosia carnipennis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Ostrinia* include the Asian corn borer (*Ostrinia furnacalis*), the European corn borer (*Ostrinia nubilalis*), *Ostrinia scapulalis*, and *Ostrinia zaguliaevi*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Palpifer* include *Palpifer sexnotata*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pandemis* include *Pandemis dumetana* and *Pandemis heparana*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Panolis* include the pine moth (*Panolis flammea*); and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Papilio* include the Common Swallowtail (*Papilio helenus*), *Papilio machaonhippocrates*, and the Citrus Swallowtail (*Papilio...*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Paranthrene* include *Paranthrene regalis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Parapediasia* include *Parapediasia teterrellus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Parasa* include *Parasa consocia* and *Parasa lepida*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Parnara* include the rice skipper (*Parnara guttata*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pectinophora* include the pink bollworm (*Pectinophora gossypiella*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Perileucoptera*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Phalera* include *Phalera flavescens*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Phalerodonta* include *Phalerodonta manleyi*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Phalonidia* include *Phalonidia mesotypa*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Phrixolepia* include *Phrixolepia*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus Phtheochroides include sericea, etc.; examples of pests belonging to the genus Phtheochroides include Phtheochroides clandestina, etc.; examples of pests belonging to the genus Phthorimaea include the potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella), etc.Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Phyllocnistis* include the citrus leafminer (*Phyllocnistis citrella*) and *Phyllocnistis toparcha*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Phyllonorycter* include *Phyllonorycter blancardella*, *Phyllonoryctercrataegella*, and *Phyllonorycter ringoniella*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pieris* include the large cabbage white butterfly (*Pieris brassicae*) and the cabbage white butterfly (*Pieris rapaecrucivora*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Platynota* include *Platynota stultana*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Platyptilia* include *Platyptilia ignifera*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pleuroptya* include *Pleuroptya ruralis*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Plodia* include the Indian grain moth (*Plodia oryzae*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Plusia* include *Plusia festucae*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Plutella* include *Plutella xylostella*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Podesia* include *Podesia syringae*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Prays*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Prodenia*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Protoparce*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pseudaletia* include *Pseudaletia separata* and *Pseudaletia unipuncta*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pseudoplusia* include *Pseudoplusia includens*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pyrausta* include *Pyrausta nubilalis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Rachiplusia* include *Rachiplusia nu*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Rupela* include *Rupela*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Schoenobius* include *Schoenobius bipunctifer*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Scirpophaga* include the yellow moth (*Scirpophaga incertulas*) and the white moth (*Scirpophaga innotata*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Scopelodescontractus*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Scotia* include the small cutworm (*Scotia segetum*).Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Sesamia*, such as *Sesamia inferens*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Sparganothis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Spilonota*, such as *Spilonotalechriaspis* and *Spilonota ocellana*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Spilosoma*, such as *Spilosoma imparilis*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Spodoptera*, such as *Spodoptera cosmioides*, *Spodoptera depravata*, *Spodoptera eradiana*, *Spodoptera eridania*, *Spodoptera exempta*, *Spodoptera exigua*, *Spodoptera frugiperda*, *Spodoptera littoralis*, *Spodoptera mauritia*, and *Spodoptera*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Spulerina* include *Spulerina astaurota*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Stathmopoda* include *Stathmopoda masinissa*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Stauropus* include *Stauropus fagipersimilis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Stenoma*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Stomopteryx* include *Stomopteryx subsecivella*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Synanthedon* include *Synanthedon hector* and *Synanthedon tenuis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tecia* include the potato moth (*Tecia solanivora*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Telchin* include *Telchin licus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tetramoera* include *Tetramoera schistaceana*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Thaumetopoea*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Thermesia* include *Thermesia*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tinea* include *Gemmatalis*, *Tinea spp.*, such as *Tinea cloacella*, *Tinea pellionella*, and *Tinea translucens*.Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tineola*, such as the clothes moth (*Tineola bisselliella*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tortrix*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Trianea*, such as *Trianea intermedia*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Trichophaga*, such as the carpet moth (*Trichophaga tapetzella*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Trichoplusia*, such as the cabbage looper (*Trichoplusia ni*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tryporyza*, such as the yellow leafminer (*Tryporyza incertulas*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tuta*, such as the tomato leafminer (*Tuta absoluta*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Viminia*, such as *Viminia rumicis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Virachola*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Xestia*, such as *Xestia c-nigrum*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Xyrosaris*, such as *Xyrosaris*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Yponomeuta*, such as the apple leafminer moth (*Yponomeuta malinellus*), are plant pests and diseases.

[0056] Examples of pests belonging to the order Orthoptera in the class Insecta include: crickets belonging to the genus *Acheta* (e.g., house crickets *Acheta domestica* and *Acheta domesticus*); pests belonging to the genus *Anabrus* (e.g., Mormon crickets *Anabrus simplex*); pests belonging to the genus *Anacridium* (e.g., *Anacridium melanorhodon*); pests belonging to the genus *Austracris* (e.g., *Austracris guttulosa*); pests belonging to the genus *Calliptamus* (e.g., Italian grasshopper *Calliptamus italicus*); pests belonging to the genus *Camnula* (e.g., transparent-winged grasshopper *Camnula pellucida*); and pests belonging to the genus *Chortoicetes* (e.g., *Chortoicetes*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Dichroplus* (spp.) include the Australian locust (*Chortoicetes terminifera*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Dichroplus* (spp.); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Dociostaurus* (spp.) include the Moroccan locust (*Dociostaurus maroccanus*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Gastrimargus* (spp.) include *Gastrimargus musicus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Gryllotalpa* (spp.) include the European mole cricket (*Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa*) and the Oriental mole cricket (*Gryllotalpa orientalis*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Hieroglyphus* (spp.); and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Locusta* (spp.) include the migratory locust (*Locusta*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Locustana* include *Migratoria*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Locustana* include the brown-spotted locust (*Locustana pardalina*); and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Melanoplus* (*Melanoplus spp.*).Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Nomadacris* include the bivittatus, devastator, differentialis, femurrubrum, and sanguinipes; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Nomadacris* include the red grasshopper (*Nomadacris septemfasciata*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Oxya* include the Japanese rice grasshopper (*Oxya japonica*) and Hokkaido rice grasshopper (*Oxyayezoensis*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Paratlanticus* include *Paratlanticus ussuriensis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Patanga* include the oriental migratory grasshopper (*Patanga succincta*); and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Schistocerca* include... Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Teleogryllus* (spp.) include the desert locust (*Schistocerca gregaria*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Teleogryllus* (spp.) include plant diseases and pests such as *Teleogryllus emma*.

[0057] Examples of pests belonging to the order Psittaciformes in the class Insecta include: pests belonging to the genus *Bovicola* (e.g., bovine hairy louse *Bovicola bovis*, goat hairy louse *Bovicola breviceps*, and sheep hairy louse *Bovicolaovis*); pests belonging to the genus *Cummingsia* (e.g.); pests belonging to the genus *Damalinia* (e.g., *Damalinia forficula*); pests belonging to the genus *Felicola* (e.g., cat hairy louse *Felicola subrostratus*); pests belonging to the genus *Haematopinus* (e.g., short-nosed blood louse *Haematopinus eurysternus*, pig blood louse *Haematopinus suis*); pests belonging to the genus *Lepinotus* (e.g.); and pests belonging to the genus *Linognathus* (e.g.). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Linognathus* (spp.) include sheep louse (*Linognathus ovillus*) and cattle louse (*Linognathus vituli*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Liposcelis* (spp.) include *Liposcelis bostrychophila*, carrion louse (*Liposcelis corrodens*), *Liposcelis entomophila*, and *Liposcelis pearmani*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Menacanthus* (spp.) include *Menacanthus stramineus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Menopon* (spp.) include chicken feather louse (*Menopon gallinae*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pediculus* (spp.) include head lice (*Pediculus humanus capitis*); and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Phthirus* (spp.) include pubic lice (*Phthirus*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Phylloxera* include grape phylloxera (*Phylloxera vastatrix*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pthirus* include pubic lice (*Pthirus pubis*); and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Solenopotes* include pubic lice (*Solenopotes spp.*).Examples of plant pests include: * *Solenopotes capillatus*, * *Trichodectes* spp., * *Trichodectes canis*, * *Trinoton* spp., * *Trogium* spp., * *Trogium pulsatorium*, and * *Werneckiella* spp.*.

[0058] Examples of pests belonging to the order Siphonaptera (insecta) include: pests belonging to the genus *Ceratophyllus* spp.; pests belonging to the genus *Ctenocephalides* spp., such as the dog flea (*Ctenocephalides canis*) and the cat flea (*Ctenocephalides felis*); pests belonging to the genus *Echidnophaga* spp., such as the chicken flea (*Echidnophaga gallinacea*); pests belonging to the genus *Nosopsyllus* spp., such as the European mouse flea (*Nosopsyllus fasciatus*); pests belonging to the genus *Pulex* spp., such as the human flea (*Pulex irritans*); and pests belonging to the genus *Tunga* spp., such as the skin flea (*Tunga*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus Xenopsylla include the Indian rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis) and other sanitary pests.

[0059] Examples of pests belonging to the order Thysanoptera (insecta) include: pests belonging to the genus *Aeolothrips* (e.g., *Aeolothrips fasciatus*, *Aeolothrips kurosawai*); pests belonging to the genus *Anaphothrips* (e.g., *Anaphothrips obscurus*); pests belonging to the genus *Baliothrips* (e.g., *Baliothrips biformis*); pests belonging to the genus *Chaetanaphothrips* (e.g., *Chaetanaphothrips leeuweni*, *Chaetanaphothrips orchidii*); and pests belonging to the genus *Chirothrips* (e.g., *Chirothrips* spp.). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Dendrothrips* include *manicatus*, *Dendrothrips minowai*, *Drepanothrips reuteri*, *Echinothrips americanus*, *Enneothrips flavens*, and *Frankliniella fusca*, *Frankliniella intonsa*, *Frankliniella lilivora*, *Frankliniella occidentalis*, and *Frankliniella spp.*. The species *Fulmekiola* includes *schultzei*, *Frankliniella tenuicornis*, wheat thrips (*Frankliniella tritici*), *Frankliniella vaccinii*, and *Frankliniella williamsi*; it belongs to the genus *Fulmekiola* (*Fulmekiola spp.*).Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Haplothrips* include *Fulmekiola serrata*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Haplothrips* spp. include *Haplothrips aculeatus*, *Haplothrips chinensis*, *Haplothrips kurdjumovi*, and *Haplothrips niger*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Heliothrips* spp. include *Heliothrips shaemorrhoidalis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Hercinothrips* spp. include *Hercinothrips femoralis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Hydatothrips* spp. include *Hydatothrips abdominalis*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Kakothrips* spp. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Leeuwenia* (spp.); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Leeuwenia* (spp.), such as *Leeuwenia pasanii*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Liothrips* (spp.), such as *Liothrips floridensis*, *Liothrips vaneeckei*, and *Liothrips wasabiae*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Litotetothrips* (spp.), such as *Litotetothrips pasaniae*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Megalurothrips* (spp.), such as *Megalurothrips distalis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Microcephalothrips* (spp.), such as *Microcephalothrips abdominalis*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Mycterothrips* (spp.). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Ponticulothrips* (spp.) include *Mycterothrips glycines*, etc.; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Ponticulothrips* (spp.) include *Ponticulothrips diospyrosi*, etc.; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pseudodendrothrips* (spp.).Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Rhipiphorothrips* include mulberry thrips (*Pseudodendrothrips mori*); *Rhipiphorothrips* spp. include *Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus*; *Scirtothrips* spp. include tea thrips (*Scirtothrips dorsalis*) and *Scirtothrips perseae*; *Scopaeothrips* spp. include *Scopaeothrips unicolor*; *Selenothrips* spp. include red-banded thrips (*Selenothrips rubrocinctus*); and *Stenchaetothrips* spp. Examples of plant pests belonging to the genus *Taeniothrips* (spp.) include *Stenchaetothrips biformis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Taeniothrips* (spp.) include *Taeniothrips cardamomi*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Thrips* (spp.) include onion thrips (*Thrips coloratus*), yellow thrips (*Thrips flavus*), Hawaiian thrips (*Thrips shawaiiensis*), chrysanthemum thrips (*Thrips nigropilosus*), palm thrips (*Thrips palmi*), thrips setosus, gladiolus thrips (*Thrips simplex*), and tobacco thrips (*Thrips tabaci*); and examples of plant pests belonging to the genus *Xylaplothrips* (spp.) include *Xylaplothrips subterraneus*.

[0060] Examples of pests belonging to the order Zygentoma in the class Insecta include: pests belonging to the genus Ctenolepisma (Ctenolepisma spp.), such as Ctenolepisma villosa; pests belonging to the genus Lepismaspp., such as Lepisma saccharina; pests belonging to the genus Lepismodes (Lepismodes spp.), such as Lepismodes inquilinus; and pests belonging to the genus Thermobia (Thermobia spp.), such as Thermobia domestica, etc., which are sanitary pests.

[0061] Examples of pests belonging to the order Collembola in the class Insecta include: pests belonging to the genus Bourletiella (Bourletiella spp.), such as Bourletiella hortensis; pests belonging to the genus Onychiurus (Onychiurus spp.), such as Onychiurus armatus, Onychiurus folsomi, and Onychiurus sibiricus; and pests belonging to the genus Sminthurus (Sminthurus spp.), such as the alfalfa flea beetle (Sminthurus viridis), etc., which are plant diseases or sanitary pests.

[0062] Examples of pests belonging to the order Acari (Arachnida) include: pests belonging to the genus *Acaphylla* (e.g., *Acaphylla theavagrans*); pests belonging to the genus *Acarus* (e.g., *Acarus siro*); pests belonging to the genus *Aceria* (e.g., *Aceria diospyri*, *Aceria japonica*, *Aceria kuko*, *Aceria paradianthi*, *Aceria sheldoni*, *Aceria tosichella*, *Aceria tulipae*); pests belonging to the genus *Aculops* (e.g., *Aculops lycopersici*, *Aculops pelekassi*); and pests belonging to the genus *Aculus* (e.g., *Aculops lycopersici*, *Aculops pelekassi*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Aleuroglyphus* (spp.) include *Aculus fockeui* and *Aculus schlechtendali*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Aleuroglyphus* (spp.) include *Aleuroglyphus ovatus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Amblyomma* (spp.) include *Amblyomma americanum* and *Amblyomma maculatum*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Amphitetranychus* (spp.) include *Amphitetranychus viennensis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Argas* (spp.) include *Argas persicus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Boophilus* (spp.) include *Boophilus microplus*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Brevipalpus*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Brevipalpus* (spp.) include *Brevipalpus lewisi*, *Brevipalpus obovatus*, *Brevipalpus phoenicis*, and *Brevipalpus russulus*.Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Calacarus* include *Bryobia eharai*, *Bryobia graminum*, *Bryobia praetiosa*, and *Bryobia rubrioculus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Calacarus* include *Calacarus carinatus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Calepitrimerus* include *Calepitrimerus vitis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Calepitrimerus* include *Calepitrimerus berlesei*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Centruroides* include *Centruroides*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Cheiracanthium* include *Cheiracanthium japonicum*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Chelacaropsis*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Cheyletiella* (spp.) include *Chelacaropsis moorei*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Cheyletiella* (spp.) include *Cheyletiella blakei* and *Cheyletiella yasguri*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Cheyletus* (spp.) include *Cheyletus eruditus* and *Cheyletus malaccensis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Chorioptes* (spp.); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Colomerus* (spp.) include *Colomerus vitis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Demodex* (spp.) include *Demodex canis* and *Demodex cati*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Dermacentor* (spp.) include *Dermacentor anserina*. The ticks include *Dermacentor andersoni*, *Dermacentor occidentalis*, *Dermacentor reticulatus*, *Dermacentor taiwanensis*, and *Dermacentor variabilis*; they belong to the genus *Dermacentor* (*Dermacentor spp.*).Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Dermatophagoides* include: chicken skin mite (Dermanyssus gallinae); house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus); florodanus (Dolichotetranychus florhotetranychus); and shii, suginamensis, boreus, geniculatus, hicoriae, kankitus, and others. Examples of pests include: pruni, six-spotted spider mite (Eotetranychus sexmanaculatus), Smith's spider mite (Eotetranychus smithi), and Eotetranychus uncatus; pests belonging to the genus *Epitrimerus*, such as pear gall mite (Epitrimerus pyri); pests belonging to the genus *Eriophyes*, such as *Eriophyes chibaensis* and pear gall mite (Eriophyes pyri); pests belonging to the genus *Eutetranychus*, such as Eutetranychus banksi; pests belonging to the genus *Glycyphagus*, such as the domestic sweet-eating mite (Glycyphagus domesticus); and pests belonging to the genus *Haemaphysalis*.Examples of pests include: Haemaphysalis campanulata, Haemaphysalis flava, Haemaphysalis campanulate, Haemaphysalis japonica, Haemaphysalis longicornis, and Haemaphysalis megaspinosa; Halotydeus destructor; Halotydeus genus; Hemitarsonemus spp. pests, such as Hemitarsonemus latus; Hyalomma spp. pests; and Ixodes spp. pests, such as Ixodes holocyclus, Ixodes nipponensis, and Ixodes ovalus. Examples of pests include: *Ixodes ovatus*, *Ixodes pacificus*, *Ixodes persulcatus*, *Ixodes ricinus*, and *Ixodes scapularis*; pests belonging to the genus *Knemidocoptes*, such as *Knemidocoptes mutans*; pests belonging to the genus *Landoglyphus*, such as *Landoglyphus konoi*; pests belonging to the genus *Latrodectus*, such as *Latrodectus hasseltii*; and pests belonging to the genus *Leptotrombidium*, such as *Leptotrombidium akamushi*, *Leptotrombidium pallidum*, and *Leptotrombidium*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Listrophorus* (e.g., *Listrophorus gibbus*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Loxosceles* (e.g.); and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Neutrombicula* (e.g., *Neutrombicula* spp.).Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Notoedres* include: *Notoedres cati* and *Notoedres muris*; *Notoedres spp.* include: *Notoedres spp.*; *Notoedres spp.* include: *Notoedres clvatus*, *Notoedres scoffee*, *Notoedres coniferarum*, *Notoedres hondoensis*, *Notoedres ilicis*, *Notoedres indicus*, *Notoedres karamatus*, *Notoedres mangiferus*, *Notoedres orthius*, etc. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Ornithodoros* include perditus, meadow small clawed mite (*Oligonychus pratensis*), pomegranate small clawed mite (*Oligonychus punicae*), *Oligonychus pustulosus*, *Oligonychus shinkajii*, spruce small clawed mite (*Oligonychus ununguis*), and *Oligonychus syothersi*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Ornithodoros* include *Ornithodoros hermsi* and *Ornithodoros turicata*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Ornithonyssus* include tropical mouse mite (*Ornithonyssus bacoti*) and northern bird mite (*Ornithonyssus sylviarum*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Otodectes* include ear mites (*Otodectes cynotis*); and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Panonychus*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pentamerismus* (spp.) include the citrus red spider mite (*Panonychus citri*), the mulberry red spider mite (*Panonychus mori*), and the apple red spider mite (*Panonychus ulmi*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pentamerismus* (spp.) include *Pentamerismus oregonensis*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Penthaleus* (spp.).Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Petrobia* include red-headed wheat mites (*Penthaleus erythrocephalus*) and wheat long-legged mites (*Penthaleus major*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Petrobia* include alfalfa leaf mites (*Petrobia latens*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Phyllocoptruta* include citrus rust mites (*Phyllocoptruta citri*) and citrus brown rust mites (*Phyllocoptruta oleivora*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Phytonemus* include strawberry gall mites (*Phytonemus pallidus*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Platytetranychus* include *Platytetranychus multidigituli*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Polyphagotarsonemus*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Psoroptes* (spp.) include the general-eating tarsier mite *Polyphagotarsonemus latus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Psoroptes* (spp.) include the horse itch mite *Psoroptes equi* and the sheep itch mite *Psoroptes ovis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pyemotes* (spp.) include the swollen-bellied tussock mite *Pyemotes ventricosus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Rhipicephalus* (spp.) include the annular tick *Rhipicephalus sannulatus*, the appendicate tick *Rhipicephalus appendiculatus*, the brown tick *Rhipicephalus decoloratus*, the small cattle tick *Rhipicephalus microplus*, and the canine brown tick *Rhipicephalus sanguineus*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Rhizoglyphus*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Schizotetranychus* include root mites (*Rhizoglyphus robini*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Sarcoptes* include scabies mites (*Sarcoptes scabiei*); and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Schizotetranychus* include scabies mites (*Schizotetranychus spp.*).Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Schizotetranychus* include *Schizotetranychus celarius*, *Schizotetranychus recki*, and *Schizotetranychus schizopus*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Scorpio* include *Scorpio maurus*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Shevtchenkella* include *Shevtchenkella sp.*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Steneotarsonemau* include *Steneotarsonemau pallidus*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Suidasia* include *Suidasia nesbitti*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tarsonemus* include *Tarsonemus bilobatus* and *Tarsonemus waitei*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tenuipalpus* include... Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tetranychus* (spp.) include *Tetranychus cinnabarinus*, *Tetranychus desertorum*, *Tetranychus evansi*, *Tetranychus kanzawai*, *Tetranychus phaselus*, *Tetranychus truncatus*, *Tetranychus urticae*, and *Tetranychus viennensis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tuckerella* (spp.) include *Tuckerella pavoniformis*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tyrophagus* (spp.) include *Tyrophagus putrescentiae* and *Tyrophagus*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Varroa* include *Similis*, such as *Varroa jacobsoni*, which are plant pests or sanitary pests.

[0063] Examples of pests belonging to the class Chilopoda include: pests belonging to the genus Bothropolys (Bothropolys spp.), such as Bothropolys rugosus; pests belonging to the genus Geophilus (Geophilus spp.); pests belonging to the genus Scolopendra (Scolopendra spp.), such as Scolopendra subspinipes; pests belonging to the genus Scutigera (Scutigera spp.); and pests belonging to the genus Thereuonema (Thereuonema spp.), such as Thereuonema hilgendorfi, etc., which are sanitary pests.

[0064] Examples of pests belonging to the class Diplopoda include: pests belonging to the genus Blaniulus (Blaniulus spp.), such as the spotted millipede (Blaniulus guttulatus); pests belonging to the genus Nedyopus (Nedyopus spp.), such as Nedyopus tambanus; and pests belonging to the genus Oxidus (Oxidus spp.), such as the greenhouse millipede (Oxidus gracilis), etc., which are plant diseases or sanitary pests.

[0065] Examples of pests belonging to the order Isopoda of the class Malacostraca include: pests belonging to the genus *Armadillidium* spp., such as the common sowbug (*Armadillidium vulgare*); pests belonging to the genus *Oniscus* spp., such as *Oniscus asellus*; pests belonging to the genus *Porcellio* spp., such as the rough woodlice (*Porcellio scaber*); and pests belonging to the genus *Armadillidium* spp., such as the common sowbug (*Armadillidium vulgare*).

[0066] Examples of pests belonging to the class Symphyla include those belonging to the genus Scutigerella (Scutigerella spp.), such as the greenhouse scutigerella (Scutigerella immaculata), which are plant pests or sanitary pests.

[0067] Examples of harmful mollusks, such as those belonging to the class Gastropoda, include: pests of the genus *Achatina*, such as the African giant snail *Achatina fulica*; pests of the genus *Acusta*, such as *Acusta despectasieboldiana*; pests of the genus *Arion*, such as *Arion aterrufus*; pests of the genus *Austropeplea*, such as *Austropeplea ollula*; pests of the genus *Biomphalaria*; pests of the genus *Bulinus*; and pests of the genus *Deroceras*, such as the smooth slug *Deroceras*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Euhadra* include *Euhadra peliomphala*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Galba*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Limax*, such as the yellow slug *Limax flavus*, the margin slug *Limax marginatus*, and the Valencian slug *Limax valentiana*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Lymnaea*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Meghimatium*, such as the bilineatum slug; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Oncomelania*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pomacea*, such as the golden apple snail *Pomacea*. Plant pests or sanitary pests, such as those belonging to the genus *Succinea* (canaliculata), are also included.

[0068] Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Aglenchus* include: pests belonging to the genus *Aglenchus*, such as *Aglenchus agricola*; pests belonging to the genus *Anguina*, such as the wheat grain nematode *Anguina tritici*; pests belonging to the genus *Aphelenchoides*, such as the peanut nematode *Aphelenchoides arachidis*, the rice white-tipped nematode *Aphelenchoides besseyi*, and the strawberry bud nematode *Aphelenchoides fragariae*; pests belonging to the genus *Belonolaimus*, such as *Belonolaimus gracilis*, the long-tailed needle nematode *Belonolaimus longicaudatus*, and *Belonolaimus nortoni*; and pests belonging to the genus *Bursaphelenchus*. Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Criconemoides* (spp.) include the coconut red ring nematode (*Bursaphelenchus cocophilus*), *Bursaphelenchus eremus*, and the pine wood nematode (*Bursaphelenchus xylophilus*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Criconemoides* (spp.) include *Criconemoides pestis*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Criconemella* (spp.) include *Criconemella curvata*, *Criconemella onoensis*, *Criconemella ornata*, *Criconemella rusium*, and *Criconemella xenoplax*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Criconemoides* (spp.) include *Criconemoides ferniae*, *Criconemoides onoense*, and *Criconemoides ornatum*; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Ditylenchus* (spp.) include the stem rot nematode (*Ditylenchus*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Dolichodorus* (Dolichodorus spp.) include *dipsaci*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Globodera* (Globodera spp.).Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Helicotylenchus* include: white potato cyst nematode (*Globodera pallida*) and golden potato cyst nematode (*Globodera aostochiensis*); pests belonging to the genus *Helicotylenchus* (*Helicotylenchus spp.*) include: spiral nematode (*Helicotylenchus dihystera*); pests belonging to the genus *Hemicriconemoides* (*Hemicriconemoides spp.*); pests belonging to the genus *Hemicycliophora* (*Hemicycliophora spp.*); pests belonging to the genus *Heterode* (*Heterode spp.*) include: *Heterode raglycines*; and pests belonging to the genus *Heterodera* (*Heterodera spp.*) include: oat cyst nematode (*Heterodera avenae*), soybean cyst nematode (*Heterodera glycines*), and beet cyst nematode (*Heterodera spp.*). Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Hirschmanniella* (schachtii), etc.; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Hoplolaimus* (Hoplolaimus spp.); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Longidorus* (Longidorus spp.), such as *Longidorus africanus*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Meloidogyne* (Meloidogyne spp.), such as *Meloidogyne chitwoodi*, *Meloidogyne enterolobii*, *Meloidogyne fallax*, *Meloidogyne hapla*, *Meloidogyne incognita*, *Meloidogyne javanica*, etc.; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Meloinema* (Meloinema spp.); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Nacobbus* (Nacobbus... Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Neotylenchus* (spp.); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Nothotylenchus* (spp.), such as *Nothotylenchus acris*; examples of pests belonging to the genus *Paralongidorus* (spp.); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Paraphelenchus* (spp.).Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Paratrichodorus* (e.g., *Paratrichodorus minor*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Paratylenchus* (e.g., *Prathylenchus coffeae*, *Prathylenchus penetrans*, *Prathylenchus vulnus*); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pratylenchus* (e.g., *Pratylenchus brachyurus*, *Pratylenchus coffeae*, *Pratylenchus neglectus*, *Pratylenchus penetrans*); and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Pseudohalenchus* (e.g., *Pratylenchus brachyurus*, *Pratylenchus coffeae*, *Pratylenchus neglectus*, *Pratylenchus penetrans*). Examples of pests belonging to the genera *Psilenchus*, *Punctodera*, *Quinisulcius*, *Radopholus* (e.g., citrus nematode *Radopholus citrophilus*, banana nematode *Radopholus similis*), *Rotylenchulus* (e.g., kidney nematode *Rotylenchulus reniformis*), *Rotylenchus* (e.g., *Rotylenchus*), *Scutellonema* (e.g., *Subanguina*) Examples of pests belonging to the genus *Trichodorus* (spp.); examples of pests belonging to the genus *Trichodorus* (Trichodorus spp.), such as *Trichodorus obtusus*, *Trichodorus primitivus*, etc.; and examples of pests belonging to the genus *Tylenchorhynchus* (Tylenchorhynchus spp.).Examples of pests include: * *Tylenchorhynchus annulatus* (ringed dwarf nematode); *Tylenchulus* spp. (citrus nematode); and *Xiphinema* spp. (plant nematodes and sanitary pests).

[0069] Examples of the aforementioned harmful organisms include plant pests or sanitary pests, but fungi that cause plant diseases can also be included. Furthermore, by controlling plant pests, plant diseases caused by fungi can also be controlled simultaneously.

[0070] The aforementioned harmful organisms are preferably at least one pest selected from harmful arthropods, more preferably at least one pest selected from the group consisting of Thysanoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Blattodea, and Acari, even more preferably at least one pest selected from the group consisting of Thripidae, Agromyzidae, Culicidae, Pentatomidae, Aleyrodidae, Plutellidae, Blattodea, and Tetranychidae, and particularly preferably at least one pest selected from the group consisting of Western flower thrips, American serpentine leafminer (Liriomyzasativae), Aedes aegypti, Cimex lectularius, Beemisiatabaci, Plutellidae, Blattella germanica, and Tetranychus urticae.

[0071] As a method for controlling plant diseases, plant pests, or sanitary pests (sometimes referred to as "method for controlling plant diseases and pests" in this specification), it can be implemented by applying the above-described pest control composition to plants, seeds, soil, facilities, or living spaces.

[0072] Examples of methods for applying the above-mentioned pest control composition include: foliar spraying of individual plants, seedling box treatment, spraying of soil surface, soil mixing after spraying of soil surface, injection into soil, mixing of seedling potting soil, seedbed treatment, soil mixing after injection into soil, soil irrigation, soil mixing after soil irrigation, spraying of plant seeds, smearing of plant seeds, soaking of plant seeds or powdering of plant seeds, spraying of buildings, equipment or articles, coating of buildings, equipment or articles, soaking of building materials, fumigation of facilities or living spaces, direct spraying of insects, mixing of feed, or addition to water in water storage tanks or purification tanks.

[0073] The pest control composition of the present invention generally works effectively in any application method employed by those skilled in the art.

[0074] Methods for controlling plant diseases, plant pests, or sanitary pests include, for example: (1) applying the aforementioned pest control composition containing fatty acid glycerides and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phenylpyrazole compounds, isoxazoline compounds, and m-diamide compounds as active ingredients; (2) simultaneously applying a pest control composition containing fatty acid glycerides as active ingredients and a pest control composition containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phenylpyrazole compounds, isoxazoline compounds, and m-diamide compounds as active ingredients; (3) applying other compositions after applying any one of the pest control compositions containing fatty acid glycerides as active ingredients and a pest control composition containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phenylpyrazole compounds, isoxazoline compounds, and m-diamide compounds as active ingredients.

[0075] The time (period) between the application of any of the following pest control compositions—one containing fatty acid glycerides as an active ingredient and another containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phenylpyrazoles, isoxazolines, and m-diamides as an active ingredient—and the application of the other composition is not particularly limited, as long as it is effective in controlling plant diseases, plant pests, or sanitary pests. For example, the time between the application of any composition and the application of the other composition is 1 minute to 2 weeks, preferably 5 minutes to 1 week, and more preferably 10 minutes to 3 days. Furthermore, there is no particular limitation on which pest control composition is applied first, as long as it is effective in controlling plant diseases, plant pests, or sanitary pests; the choice can be made appropriately based on the target plant pests, sanitary pests, plants, and other application environments.

[0076] [Example] <Biological Experiment Method 1> Experimental Methods in the Evaluation of Western Flower Thrips Prepare a 1% (w / w) agar solution and fill a 40mm diameter, 60mm deep glass vial to about eight-tenths full, allowing it to solidify at room temperature. Then, add a small amount of 1% (w / w) agar as an adhesive, and place a 35mm diameter bean leaf, back side up, on top. Use a rotary sprayer to spray 7mL of the test agent onto the bean leaf discs. After air-drying, place 10 adult female western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) inside, and invert the glass vial on a rack, placing it in a constant temperature chamber at 25℃. After a specified time, count the number of live and dead thrips, and calculate the mortality rate (%) using the following formula: Mortality rate (%) = (Number of dead insects / Number of tested insects) × 100.

[0077] <Biological Testing Methods 2> Test Methods in the Evaluation of the American Serpentine Leafminer Potted green beans were placed in a 50cm cube of acrylic and approximately 50 adult American serpentine leafminers were introduced to lay eggs. After 24 hours, the adults were removed, and the plant was placed in a 25℃ constant temperature chamber until the eggs developed into second-instar larvae. Once the second-instar larvae were confirmed, the number of larvae was counted, and the tested pesticide was evenly sprayed onto the plant at the prescribed dosage using a rotary sprayer. After air-drying, the plant was placed back in a 25℃ constant temperature chamber. Six days later, the number of dead larvae inside the leaves and the number of live larvae detached from the plant were counted, and the mortality rate (%) was calculated using the following formula: Mortality rate (%) = (Number of dead insects / Number of tested insects) × 100.

[0078] <Biological Test Methods 3> Test Methods for the Evaluation of Whiteflies Prepare a 1% (w / w) agar solution and fill a 40mm diameter, 60mm deep glass tube to 80% full, allowing it to solidify at room temperature. Then, add a small amount of 1% (w / w) agar as an adhesive, and place a 35mm diameter cabbage leaf, back side up, on top. Spray 7mL of the test agent onto the leaf disc using a rotary sprayer. After air-drying, release 15 adult whiteflies, and place the glass tube upside down on a rack in a 25℃ constant temperature chamber. After the specified number of days, count the number of live and dead whiteflies, and calculate the mortality rate (%) using the following formula: Mortality rate (%) = (Number of dead insects / Number of tested insects) × 100.

[0079] <Biological Experiment Method 4> Experimental Methods in the Evaluation of Diamondback Moth Transfer the test reagent into a cup, then immerse the cabbage leaves in it for 15 seconds. After air-drying, transfer the leaves to another cup and introduce third-instar larvae of the diamondback moth. Place the cup in a constant temperature chamber at 25℃. After the specified number of days, count the number of live and dead insects, and calculate the mortality rate (%) using the following formula: Mortality rate (%) = (Number of dead insects / Number of tested insects) × 100.

[0080] <Biological Test Methods 5> Test Methods for the Evaluation of Two-Spotted Tetranychus Line a 9cm diameter petri dish with absorbent cotton and add water to the top surface. Place two 2cm x 4cm bean leaves on top, with the undersides facing up and spaced apart. Spray 7mL of the test agent onto the leaf discs (2 bean leaves, 2cm x 4cm, 2 discs) using a rotary sprayer. After air drying, release 15 adult female two-spotted spider mites into a 25℃ constant temperature chamber. After the specified number of days, count the number of live and dead mites and calculate the mortality rate (%) using the following formula: Mortality rate (%) = (Number of dead insects / Number of tested insects) × 100.

[0081] <Biological Testing Methods 6> Test Methods in the Evaluation of the German Cockroach 0.636 mL of the test reagent was added to a 9 cm diameter glass petri dish, spread out, and air-dried to form a dry film. Then, a PET cup was inverted on top, and three male and three female adult German cockroaches were placed inside. As bait, absorbent cotton soaked in a 2% glucose solution was inserted into the PET cup, and the dish was stored at 25°C. After a specified time, the number of live and dead cockroaches was counted, and the mortality rate (%) was calculated using the following formula: Mortality rate (%) = (Number of dead insects / Number of tested insects) × 100.

[0082] <Biological Testing Methods 7> Test Methods for the Evaluation of Aedes aegypti Mosquito Add 1 mL of the test reagent to a 9 cm diameter glass petri dish, spread it evenly, and air-dry it to form a dry film. Then, invert a 60 mL PET beaker inside the treated petri dish and secure it with a rubber band. Make a hole in the upper surface of the inverted beaker and release 10 female Aedes aegypti adult mosquitoes through the hole. After 30 minutes of exposure, use a suction tube to transfer the test insects to a clean, covered 200 mL PET beaker. Feed the insects a mixture of 5% glucose solution and 1% agar, and store the beaker at 25°C. After the specified time, count the number of live and dead insects and calculate the mortality rate (%) using the following formula: Mortality rate (%) = (Number of dead insects / Number of tested insects) × 100.

[0083] <Biological Testing Methods 8> Test Methods for Evaluating Bedbugs 0.636 mL of the test reagent was added dropwise to a 9 cm diameter glass petri dish, spread out, and air-dried to form a dry film. Five adult bed bugs were then introduced into the dish. After 30 minutes of exposure, the test bugs were transferred to a clean 6 cm plastic petri dish lined with filter paper and stored at 25°C. After the specified time, the number of live and dead bugs was counted, and the mortality rate (%) was calculated using the following formula: Mortality rate (%) = (Number of dead insects / Number of tested insects) × 100.

[0084] <Example 1> Using decanoyl caprylyl glyceryl ester (hereinafter referred to as "fatty acid glyceryl ester"; 90% decanoyl caprylyl glyceryl ester emulsion) as the first component, and one of the following agents as the second component: bromfenacin (5% bromfenacin suspension (SC) or 10% bromfenacin emulsion), cyprofenac (10% cyprofenac emulsion), fluoxazolamide (10% fluoxazolamide emulsion), isoxazolamide (40% isoxazolamide SC), and nicotinamide (0.01% nicotinamide acetone solution), each was diluted with water to prepare a pest control composition test agent with the concentrations of each component shown in Tables 1-3.

[0085] When only the second component was used as a control, in order to reduce the difference in adhesion compared with the use of fatty acid glycerides, 100 ppm (mg / L) of the spreading agent Gramin S (Mitsui Chemicals Crop & Life Solutions Co., Ltd.) was added.

[0086] For the female adult western flower thrips (wild population), a pest belonging to the family Thripidae in the order Thysanoptera, a biocontrol experiment was conducted using bean leaf disc spraying followed by insect infestation, as shown in Biological Test Method 1. The test pesticide of the above-mentioned biological control composition was applied. The results after 3 days of treatment are shown in Tables 1-3.

[0087] [Table 1] [Table 2] [Table 3] Tables 1-3 record the mortality rate at each specified concentration. The predicted value for each concentration combination can be calculated using the Colby formula below.

[0088] E = X + Y - XY / 100 X: Insect mortality rate (%) of the first component Y: Mortality rate of the second component (%) E: Expected mortality rate (%) when the first and second components are mixed (Colby's expected value) If the mortality rate obtained when the first and second components are mixed is greater than the expected mortality rate (Colby's expected value) when the first and second components are mixed, it is interpreted as having a synergistic effect; if the expected value of Colby is greater than the mortality rate, it is interpreted as having an antagonistic effect; if the mortality rate and the expected value of Colby are the same, it is interpreted as having an additive effect.

[0089] As shown in Tables 1-3, the mortality rate of western flower thrips was 0% when the test agents containing fatty acid glycerides monomers were applied. Therefore, the expected mortality rate (Colby's expected value) of test agents containing fatty acid glycerides and a second component (brombutamide, cyprofen, fluoxazolamide, isoxazolamide, or nicotinamide) is consistent with the mortality rate measured when the test agents containing the second component monomer were applied. However, in reality, the measured mortality rates when the test agents containing both fatty acid glycerides and the second component were significantly higher than Colby's expected values, confirming a synergistic effect between fatty acid glycerides and the second component. In particular, no insecticidal effect was observed with the fatty acid glycerides monomers; insecticidal activity was only observed when combined with the aforementioned second component. Furthermore, even at low concentrations, the second component still exhibited a high insecticidal effect, thus further improving its safety.

[0090] <Comparative Example 1> The following pesticides were prepared by diluting 3,000 ppm of fatty acid glycerides (90% by mass emulsion of capryloyl capryloyl glycerides) as the first component, methomyl (45% by mass dry flow agent (DF)), permethrin (20% by mass emulsion of permethrin), dinotefuran (20% by mass granules of dinotefuran in aqueous solution), mebendazole (1% by mass emulsion of mebendazole), chlorfenapyr (10% by mass flow agent (FL) of chlorfenapyr), azoxystrobin (15% by mass of azoxystrobin), brofenoxam (10.3% by mass of brofenoxam oily suspension (OD)), flonicamid (10% by mass DF of flonicamid), flumetoquine (10% by mass FL of flumetoquine), and acetamiprid (10% by mass FL of acetamiprid) in water to prepare a pest control composition containing each component at the concentrations shown in Table 4.

[0091] When testing for comparison of the drug components only, 100 ppm of the spreading agent Gramin-S (Mitsui Chemicals Crop and Life Solutions Co., Ltd.) was added to reduce the impact of the difference in adhesion compared to the use of fatty acid glycerides.

[0092] For the female adult western flower thrips (field individual group), a pest belonging to the Thripidae family of the order Thysanoptera, an inoculation test was conducted by spraying the leaves of a common bean as shown in Biological Test Method 1, using the above-mentioned pest control composition as the test agent. The results after 3 days of treatment are shown in Table 4.

[0093] [Table 4] As shown in Table 4, even when fatty acid glycerides were added to methomyl, ethoxysulfuron, dinotefuran, imipenem, chlorfenapyr, acetamiprid, bromocyanamide, flonicamid, flumetsulam, or acetamiprid, no increase in insect mortality was observed, and no synergistic effect on insecticidal efficacy was confirmed.

[0094] <Example 2> Using fatty acid glycerides (decanoyl capryloyl glycerides 90% by mass emulsion) as the first component and bromfenacin (bromfenacin 10% by mass emulsion) or cyprofenoflavone (cyprofenoflavone 10% by mass emulsion) as the second component, the pesticides were diluted with water to prepare a pest control composition with the concentrations of each component shown in Tables 5-6.

[0095] When only the second component was used as a control, 100 ppm of the spreading agent Gramin S (Mitsui Chemicals Crop & Life Solutions Co., Ltd.) was added to reduce the impact of differences in adhesion compared to the use of fatty acid glycerides.

[0096] For the female adult western flower thrips (sensitive population), which belongs to the family Thripidae of the order Thysanoptera, the above-mentioned pest control composition was treated with the test agent after spraying the bean leaf discs as shown in Biological Test Method 1.

[0097] To confirm the rapid effect, the number of live and dead thrips was counted every 5 minutes after the start of the inoculation experiment, and the time required for each western flower thrips individual to die was investigated (hereinafter referred to as "reaction time"). The minimum, maximum, median, and average reaction times based on the number of individuals are shown in [reference needed]. Figure 1 And Tables 5 and 6.

[0098] [Table 5] [Table 6] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown in Tables 5 and 6, when using 20 ppm of brofenoxam monomer, the minimum reaction time was 55 minutes, the maximum was 145 minutes, the average was 84.25 minutes, and the median was 60 minutes. However, when 3,000 ppm of fatty acid glycerides were added, the minimum was 15 minutes, the maximum was 30 minutes, the average was 23.5 minutes, and the median was 25 minutes. Furthermore, the reduction in reaction time was also confirmed when 50 ppm to 1,500 ppm of fatty acid glycerides were added to 20 ppm brofenoxam. Moreover, the effect of reducing reaction time was also confirmed when brofenoxam concentrations were higher or lower than the above concentrations and mixed with fatty acid glycerides. Furthermore, the same effect of reducing reaction time due to the mixing with fatty acid glycerides was also confirmed in cyclopropionate.

[0099] In summary, by mixing with fatty acid glycerides, even at low concentrations of bromoxynil or cyprofen, the reaction time can be shortened and the difference in reaction time can be reduced, thereby improving the stability of the effect.

[0100] <Example 3> Using fatty acid glycerides (decanoyl capryloyl glycerides 90% by mass emulsion) as the first component and bromfenacin dimethyl ester (bromfenacin dimethyl ester 10% by mass emulsion) as the second component, the mixture was diluted with water to prepare a pest control composition test agent with the concentrations of each component shown in Tables 7-10.

[0101] When only the second component was used as a control, 100 ppm of the spreading agent Gramin S (Mitsui Chemicals Crop & Life Solutions Co., Ltd.) was added to reduce the impact of differences in adhesion compared to the use of fatty acid glycerides.

[0102] Following the method described in Biological Test Method 2, the above-mentioned pest control composition was sprayed onto bean plants infested with second-instar larvae of the American serpentine leafminer, a pest belonging to the family Diptera. The results after 6 days of treatment are shown in Tables 7-10.

[0103] [Table 7] [Table 8] [Table 9] [Table 10] As shown in Tables 7-10, the mortality rate of second-instar larvae of the American serpentine leafminer was 0% when the test agent containing fatty acid glycerides was applied, indicating no insecticidal effect. Therefore, the expected mortality rate (Colby's expected value) when applying the test agent containing both fatty acid glycerides and bromfenac was consistent with the mortality rate measured when applying the test agent containing bromfenac monomer. However, in reality, the mortality rates measured when applying the test agent containing both fatty acid glycerides and bromfenac were significantly higher than Colby's expected value, thus confirming the synergistic effect caused by fatty acid glycerides and bromfenac.

[0104] Furthermore, as shown in Table 10, even when the concentrations of the first and second components were increased, the liquid volume was reduced, and a rotary spray tower was used for application, the synergistic effect caused by fatty acid glycerides and bromuconazole was still confirmed. Therefore, it can be concluded that by combining the first and second components, even under conditions considering airborne diffusion factors and using an aircraft with a smaller spray volume and a higher concentration of active ingredients, it is possible to achieve highly effective insecticidal results while suppressing environmental impact.

[0105] <Example 4> A pest control composition test agent was prepared by diluting with water using fatty acid glycerides (decanoyl capryloyl glycerides 90% by mass emulsion) as the first component and bromfenacin diamide (bromfenacin diamide 5% by mass SC) as the second component, with the concentrations of each component as shown in Table 11.

[0106] When only the second component was used as a control, 100 ppm of the spreading agent Gramin S (Mitsui Chemicals Crop & Life Solutions Co., Ltd.) was added to reduce the impact of differences in adhesion compared to the use of fatty acid glycerides.

[0107] For the adult tobacco whitefly, a pest belonging to the family Amycidae in the order Hemiptera, a biological test method 3 was used to conduct an inoculation experiment after spraying cabbage leaf discs. The test agent of the above-mentioned pest control composition was applied. The results after 3 days of treatment are shown in Table 11.

[0108] [Table 11] As shown in Table 11, the mortality rate of adult whiteflies was 0% when the test agent containing bromfenac monomer was applied, and its insecticidal effect was not confirmed. Therefore, the expected mortality rate (Colby's expected value) when the test agent containing fatty acid glycerides and bromfenac monomer was applied was consistent with the mortality rate measured when the test agent containing fatty acid glycerides monomer was applied. However, in reality, the mortality rates measured when the test agent containing fatty acid glycerides and bromfenac monomer were significantly higher than Colby's expected value, confirming the synergistic effect caused by fatty acid glycerides and bromfenac. In particular, it was confirmed that the synergistic effect was more significant in the range of fatty acid glycerides to bromfenac monomer mass ratio (fatty acid glycerides: bromfenac) of 180:1 to 30:1; and the synergistic effect was further significant in the range of 120:1 to 30:1.

[0109] <Example 5> A pest control composition test agent was prepared by diluting with water using fatty acid glycerides (decanoyl capryloyl glycerides 90% by mass emulsion) as the first component and bromfenacin diamide (bromfenacin diamide 5% by mass SC) as the second component, with the concentrations of each component as shown in Table 12.

[0110] When only the second component was used as a control, 100 ppm of the spreading agent Gramin S (Mitsui Chemicals Crop & Life Solutions Co., Ltd.) was added to reduce the impact of differences in adhesion compared to the use of fatty acid glycerides.

[0111] Following the method shown in Biological Test Method 4, true leaves of cabbage were immersed in the test agent of the above-mentioned pest control composition, and then third-instar larvae of the diamondback moth (Prunella vulgaris), a pest belonging to the family Prunellaeidae in the order Lepidoptera, were introduced. The results after 7 days of treatment are shown in Table 12.

[0112] [Table 12] As shown in Table 12, the mortality rate of third-instar larvae of the diamondback moth was 0% when the test agent containing fatty acid glycerides was applied, and its insecticidal effect was not confirmed. Therefore, the expected mortality rate (Colby's expected value) when the test agent containing fatty acid glycerides and bromfenac was applied was consistent with the mortality rate measured when the test agent containing bromfenac monomer was applied. However, in reality, the mortality rates measured when the test agent containing fatty acid glycerides and bromfenac were applied were significantly higher than Colby's expected value, confirming the synergistic effect caused by fatty acid glycerides and bromfenac. In particular, the synergistic effect was more significant in the range of fatty acid glycerides to bromfenac mass ratio (fatty acid glycerides: bromfenac) of 300,000:1 to 1,000,000:1.

[0113] <Example 6> A pest control composition test agent was prepared by diluting with water using fatty acid glycerides (decanoyl capryloyl glycerides 90% by mass emulsion) as the first component and bromfenacin diamide (bromfenacin diamide 5% by mass SC) as the second component, with the concentrations of each component as shown in Table 13.

[0114] When only the second component was used as a control, 100 ppm of the spreading agent Gramin S (Mitsui Chemicals Crop & Life Solutions Co., Ltd.) was added to reduce the impact of differences in adhesion compared to the use of fatty acid glycerides.

[0115] For the female adult two-spotted spider mite, a pest belonging to the Tetranychidae family of the order Acari, a biotest method 5 was used to conduct an inoculation test after spraying bean leaf discs. The test agent of the above-mentioned pest control composition was applied. The results after 3 days of treatment are shown in Table 13.

[0116] [Table 13] As shown in Table 13, the mortality rate of adult female Tetranychus two-spotted spider mites was 26.7% when the test agent containing 3,000 ppm of fatty acid glycerides was applied, while the mortality rate was 3.3% when the test agent containing 100 ppm of bromfenac was applied. Therefore, the expected mortality rate (Colby's expected value) when applying the test agent containing both fatty acid glycerides and bromfenac was 29.1%. However, the actual mortality rate measured when applying the test agent containing both fatty acid glycerides and bromfenac was 86.7%, significantly higher than Colby's expected value, thus confirming a synergistic effect between fatty acid glycerides and bromfenac.

[0117] <Example 7> A pest control composition test agent with the concentrations of each component as shown in Table 14 was prepared using fatty acid glycerides (decanoyl capryloyl glyceride 90% by mass emulsion) as the first component and bromfenac as the second component (bromfenac technical material dissolved in acetone).

[0118] For the adult German cockroach (Berberis davidiana), a pest belonging to the Blattodea family, the above-mentioned pest control composition was applied using the petri dish dry film test shown in Biological Test Method 6. The mortality rates after 1 day, 2 days, and 5 days post-treatment are shown in Table 14.

[0119] [Table 14] As shown in Table 14, one day after applying the test agent containing 50 ppm of fatty acid glycerides, the mortality rate of adult German cockroaches was 0%; one day after applying the test agent containing 1 ppm of bromfenamide, the mortality rate was also 0%, and the insecticidal effect was not confirmed. Even two days after applying the test agent containing 1 ppm of bromfenamide, the mortality rate of adult German cockroaches was only 91.7%, with some individuals still not showing any insecticidal effect. However, one day after applying the test agents containing 50 ppm of fatty acid glycerides and 1 ppm of bromfenamide, the measured mortality rate reached 100%, indicating a significant improvement in its rapid-acting effect.

[0120] <Example 8> A pest control composition test agent with the concentrations of each component as shown in Table 15 was prepared using fatty acid glycerides (decanoyl capryloyl glyceride 90% by mass emulsion) as the first component and bromfenac as the second component (bromfenac technical material dissolved in acetone).

[0121] For adult female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes (a pest belonging to the family Culicidae in the order Diptera), the dry film test in petri dishes as shown in Biological Test Method 7 was used to apply the test agent of the above-mentioned pest control composition. The mortality rate after 2 days of treatment is shown in Table 15.

[0122] [Table 15] As shown in Table 15, the mortality rate of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes was 0% when the test agent containing bromfenac monomer was applied, and the insecticidal effect was not confirmed. Therefore, the expected mortality rate (Colby's expected value) when the test agent containing fatty acid glycerides and bromfenac monomer was applied was consistent with the mortality rate measured when the test agent containing fatty acid glycerides monomer was applied. However, in reality, the mortality rates measured when the test agents containing fatty acid glycerides and bromfenac monomer were both significantly higher than Colby's expected value, thus confirming the synergistic effect caused by fatty acid glycerides and bromfenac.

[0123] <Example 9> A pest control composition test agent with the concentrations of each component as shown in Table 16 was prepared using fatty acid glycerides (decanoyl capryloyl glyceride 90% by mass emulsion) as the first component and bromfenac as the second component (bromfenac technical material dissolved in acetone).

[0124] For adult bed bugs belonging to the family Cestridae in the order Hemiptera, a dry film test in a petri dish as shown in Biological Test Method 8 was used to apply the test agent of the above-mentioned pest control composition. The mortality rate after one day of treatment is shown in Table 16.

[0125] [Table 16] As shown in Table 16, the mortality rate of adult bed bugs was 0% when the test agents containing fatty acid glycerides or bromfenac monomers were applied, and the insecticidal effect was not confirmed. Therefore, the expected mortality rate (Colby's expected value) was also 0% when the test agents containing the first and second components were applied. However, in reality, the mortality rate was 100% one day after the application of the test agents containing fatty acid glycerides and bromfenac monomers, significantly higher than Colby's expected value, thus confirming the synergistic effect caused by fatty acid glycerides and bromfenac monomers.

[0126] Industrial practicality The pest control composition of the present invention, and the method for controlling plant diseases, plant pests or sanitary pests using the composition, exert useful control effects through novel combinations, and therefore have the value of being used as pesticides.

Claims

1. A pest control composition comprising: Fatty acids with 8-22 carbon atoms and glycerol esters; and The compound is selected from at least one compound in the group consisting of phenylpyrazole compounds, isoxazoline compounds, and m-diamide compounds.

2. The pest control composition according to claim 1, wherein, The fatty acids are derived from plants.

3. The pest control composition according to claim 1, wherein, The concentration of the glycerol ester, on a mass / volume basis, is 0.03 ppm to 125,000 ppm relative to the total volume of the pest control composition, and the concentration of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phenylpyrazole compounds, isoxazoline compounds, and m-diamide compounds, on a mass / volume basis, is 0.003 ppm to 12,500 ppm.

4. The pest control composition according to claim 3, wherein, The concentration of the glyceride is 0.3 ppm to 3,000 ppm, and the concentration of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phenylpyrazole compounds, isoxazoline compounds, and m-diamide compounds is 0.2 ppm to 200 ppm.

5. The pest control composition according to claim 1, wherein, The phenylpyrazole compound is nicotinamide, the isoxazoline compound is fluoxazolamide or isoxazolamide, and the meta-diamid compound is any one of bromoxynil or cyclopropionamide.

6. The pest control composition according to claim 1, wherein, The meta-diamide compound is bromfenacin.

7. The pest control composition according to claim 1, wherein, The meta-diamide compound is cyclopropionamide.

8. The pest control composition according to claim 1, wherein, The isoxazoline compound is isoxazoline amide.

9. The pest control composition according to claim 1, wherein, The harmful organism is selected from at least one pest in the group consisting of harmful arthropods, harmful mollusks, and harmful nematodes.

10. The pest control composition according to claim 9, wherein, The harmful organism is at least one pest selected from harmful arthropods.

11. The pest control composition according to claim 10, wherein, The harmful organisms are at least one pest selected from the group consisting of Thysanoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Blattodea, and Acari.

12. The pest control composition according to claim 11, wherein, The pest is selected from at least one pest in the group consisting of Thripsidae, Mineridae, Culicidae, Stink bugs, Whiteflies, Diamondback moths, Blattodea, and Tetranychidae.

13. The pest control composition according to claim 12, wherein, The pests mentioned are at least one selected from the group consisting of western flower thrips, American serpentine leafminer, Aedes aegypti, bed bug, whitefly, diamondback moth, German cockroach, and two-spotted spider mite.

14. A method for controlling plant diseases, plant pests, or sanitary pests, wherein, Apply the pest control composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13 to plants, seeds, soil, facilities or living spaces.

Images