Energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices are described for wireless communication. The techniques described herein provide for predicting energy ratios between a set of prediction target resources and a set of measurement resources. In some examples, a user equipment (UE) can receive a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources. The UE can perform a channel measurement prediction for at least a subset of the set of prediction target resources based at least in part on one or more measurements of the at least subset of the set of reference signals and based at least in part on an energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources. The UE can transmit a channel report based on the channel measurement prediction, the channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The following discussion pertains to wireless communication, including the energy ratio between beam sets used for model training and inference. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, message sending and receiving, and broadcasting. These systems can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth-generation (4G) systems (such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-A Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth-generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ technologies such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or Discrete Fourier Transform Extended Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication of communication devices, which may be referred to as User Equipment (UE). Summary of the Invention

[0003] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses for supporting energy ratios between sets of beams used for model training and inference. For example, the described techniques enable the identification of energy ratios between a set of predicted target resources and a set of measurement resources. In some examples, a user equipment (UE) may receive a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources. The UE may perform channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of the set of predicted target resources based on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of reference signals and based on the energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of predicted target resources. The UE may transmit a channel report based on the channel measurement prediction, the channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.

[0004] A method for wireless communication by a UE is described. The method may include: receiving a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources; performing channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of the set of predicted target resources based on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of reference signals and based on the EPRE ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of predicted target resources; and transmitting a channel report based on the channel measurement prediction, the channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.

[0005] A UE for wireless communication is described. The UE may include: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the memories. The processors may operate individually or jointly to execute the code, thereby enabling the UE to: receive a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources; perform channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of the set of predicted target resources based on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of reference signals and based on the EPRE ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of predicted target resources; and transmit a channel report based on the channel measurement prediction, the channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.

[0006] Another UE for wireless communication is described. The UE may include: components for receiving a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources; components for performing channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of the set of predicted target resources based on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of reference signals and based on the EPRE ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of predicted target resources; and components for transmitting a channel report based on the channel measurement prediction, the channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.

[0007] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to: receive a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources; perform channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of the set of predicted target resources based on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of reference signals and based on the EPRE ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of predicted target resources; and transmit a channel report based on the channel measurement prediction, the channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.

[0008] In the methods described herein, and in some examples of UEs and non-transitory computer-readable media, the EPRE ratio can be configured for the UE.

[0009] In some examples of the methods, UEs, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, transmitting channel reports may include operations, features, components, or instructions for applying one or more EPRE offsets to one or more predicted channel measurements based on the EPRE ratio.

[0010] The methods described herein, examples of UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving control signaling prior to channel measurement prediction, the control signaling indicating the same EPRE ratio for the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources.

[0011] The methods described herein, UEs, and some examples of nontransitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving control signaling prior to channel measurement prediction, the control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of target resources to be predicted and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target predicted resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio may be different from the second EPRE ratio.

[0012] The methods described herein, examples of UEs, and nontransitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving control signaling prior to channel measurement prediction, the control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of measurement resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio may be different from the second EPRE ratio.

[0013] The methods described herein, examples of UEs, and nontransitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving control signaling prior to channel measurement prediction, the control signaling indicating a first set of multiple EPRE ratios associated with a set of measurement resources and a second set of multiple EPRE ratios associated with a set of target prediction resources.

[0014] The methods described herein, some examples of UEs and non-transitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components or instructions for sending control signaling that indicates the same EPRE ratio for a set of measured resources and a set of predicted target resources.

[0015] The methods described herein, UEs, and some examples of nontransitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: sending control signaling that indicates a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of target resources and indicates a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target target resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio may be different from the second EPRE ratio.

[0016] The methods described herein, UEs, and some examples of nontransitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending control signaling that indicates a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources and indicates a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of measurement resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio may be different from the second EPRE ratio.

[0017] Some examples of the methods, user equipment (UE), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending control signaling that indicates a first set of multiple EPRE ratios associated with a set of measurement resources and a second set of multiple EPRE ratios associated with a set of target prediction resources.

[0018] In some examples of the methods, UEs, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, transmitting a channel report may include operations, features, components, or instructions for transmitting a channel report based on the fact that the difference between one or more predicted channel measurements and one or more measurements of at least a subset of a set of reference signals satisfies a threshold. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system is shown that supports the energy ratio between beam sets used for model training and inference, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0020] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system is shown that supports the energy ratio between beam sets used for model training and inference, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0021] Figure 3 An example block diagram is shown that supports the energy ratio between beam sets used for model training and inference according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0022] Figure 4 An example block diagram is shown that supports the energy ratio between beam sets used for model training and inference according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0023] Figure 5 An example of a channel measurement graph showing the energy ratio between beam sets used for model training and inference, supported by one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0024] Figure 6 An example of a process flow for supporting the energy ratio between beam sets used for model training and inference, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0025] Figure 7 and Figure 8 A block diagram of a device for supporting the energy ratio between beam sets used for model training and inference, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0026] Figure 9 A block diagram of a communication manager supporting the energy ratio between beam sets used for model training and inference, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0027] Figure 10 A diagram of a system including a device for supporting the energy ratio between beam sets used for model training and inference, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0028] Figure 11 and Figure 12 A flowchart illustrating a method for supporting the energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0029] In some wireless communication systems, user equipment (UE) and network entities can perform beam management procedures to determine beam characteristics. For example, the UE, network entity, or both can be configured to utilize artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) models to determine or predict beam characteristics. The UE can perform measurements on reference signals received from the network entity using different receive (Rx) beams, such as wide beams and narrow beams. These measurements can be channel measurements, such as Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power (L1-RSRP) or Layer 1 Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (L1-SINR). The UE can use channel measurements to train a wide-to-narrow beam prediction model, where the input is the L1-RSRP of the wide beam measurement and the output is the channel measurement prediction (L1-RSRP or L1-SINR) for the narrow beam. The UE can use the model to predict the spatial domain beam characteristics of a set of target resources based on the measurement results of a set of measured resources. The energy ratios (such as the energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio) between the set of predicted target resources assumed by the UE-side model and the set of measured resources may not be known to the network entity and may be inconsistent with the corresponding energy ratios (e.g., the EPRE ratio) considered at the network entity. If the energy ratios used by the UE-side model are inconsistent with the energy ratios used by the network entity, the predicted channel measurements reported by the UE may not be used by the network entity.

[0030] Techniques for identifying the energy ratio between a set of predicted target resources and a set of measured resources allow network entities and UEs to use AI / ML models to determine and predict beam characteristics. In some examples, the UE may receive a set of reference signals (e.g., one or more reference signals) via a set of measured resources (e.g., set B beams). The UE may perform channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of the set of predicted target resources based on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of reference signals and based on the EPRE ratio between the set of measured resources and the set of predicted target resources (e.g., set A beams). EPRE indicates the power for a resource element, and the EPRE ratio indicates a comparison between the EPRE associated with the set of measured resources and the EPRE associated with the set of predicted resources. The UE may send channel reports (e.g., channel state information (CSI) reports) based on the channel measurement predictions, indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement predictions. In some cases, the EPRE ratio may be configured for the UE. In some cases, network entities may send control signaling indicating the EPRE ratio between the set of measured resources and the set of predicted target resources. In some examples, the UE may send control signaling indicating the EPRE ratio between the set of measured resources and the set of predicted target resources.

[0031] The aspects of this disclosure are first described in the context of wireless communication systems. The aspects of this disclosure are also described in the context of block diagrams, channel measurement graphs, and process flows. The aspects of this disclosure are further illustrated and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts relating to the energy ratios between beam sets used for model training and inference.

[0032] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 supporting energy ratios between beam sets used for model training and inference, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more devices (such as one or more network devices, e.g., network entity 105), one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating under other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0033] Network entity 105 may be distributed across a geographical area to form wireless communication system 100, and may include devices employing different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, mobility element, radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, etc. In some examples, network entity 105 and UE 115 may wirelessly communicate via communication link 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link). For example, network entity 105 may support coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographical coverage area) within which UE 115 and network entity 105 may establish communication link 125. Coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographical area within which network entity 105 and UE 115 may support the transmission of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0034] UE 115 can be distributed throughout the coverage area 110 of wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 can be stationary or mobile, or stationary and mobile at different times. UE 115 can be devices in different forms or with different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UE 115s are illustrated below. The UE 115 described in this document may be able to support, for example, Figure 1 Various types of devices (e.g., other wireless communication devices, including UE 115 network entity 105) in the wireless communication system 100 shown communicate with each other.

[0035] As described herein, a node of the wireless communication system 100 (which may be referred to as a network node or wireless node) may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein), a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein), a network controller, apparatus, device, computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be UE 115. As another example, a node may be network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be UE 115, the second node may be network entity 105, and the third node may be UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be UE 115, the second node may be network entity 105, and the third node may be network entity 105. In still other aspects of this example, the first node, the second node, and the third node may be different from these examples. Similarly, references to UE 115, network entity 105, device, equipment, computing system, etc., may include disclosures of UE 115, network entity 105, device, equipment, computing system, etc., as nodes. For example, a disclosure that UE 115 is configured to receive information from network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.

[0036] In some examples, network entity 105 may communicate with core network 130, communicate with each other, or both. For example, network entity 105 may communicate with core network 130 via backhaul communication link 120 (e.g., according to S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocols). In some examples, network entity 105 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130) via backhaul communication link 120 (e.g., according to X2, Xn, or other interface protocols). In some examples, network entity 105 may communicate with each other via midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., according to midhaul interface protocol) or fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., according to fronthaul interface protocol) or any combination thereof. Backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, or fronthaul communication link 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, fiber optic links), or one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links, wireless optical links), etc., or various combinations thereof. UE 115 can communicate with core network 130 via communication link 155.

[0037] One or more network entities or network equipment in network entity 105 described herein may include or be referred to as base station 140 (e.g., transceiver base station, radio base station, NR base station, access point, radio transceiver, NodeB, eNodeB (eNB), next-generation NodeB or gigabit NodeB (any of which may be referred to as gNB), 5G NB, next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), home NodeB, home eNodeB, or other suitable terms). In some examples, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture that may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single network entity (e.g., network entity 105 or a single RAN node, such as base station 140).

[0038] In some examples, network entity 105 may be implemented in a decomposed architecture (e.g., a decomposed base station architecture, a decomposed RAN architecture) that can be configured to utilize protocol stacks physically or logically distributed across multiple network entities (e.g., network entity 105) such as an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) network, an Open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a Virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a Cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, network entity 105 may include one or more of the following: a Central Unit (CU) such as CU 160, a Distributed Unit (DU) such as DU 165, a Radio Unit (RU) such as RU 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) such as RIC 175 (e.g., a near real-time RIC (near RT RIC), a non-real-time RIC (non-RT RIC)), a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system such as SMO system 180, or any combination thereof. RU170 may also be referred to as a radio headend, intelligent radio headend, remote radio headend (RRH), remote radio unit (RRU), or transmit / receive point (TRP). One or more components of network entity 105 in a decomposed RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of network entity 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some examples, one or more network entities in network entity 105 of a decomposed RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., virtual CU (VCU), virtual DU (VDU), virtual RU (VRU)).

[0039] The functional splitting among CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170 is flexible and can support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, or any combination thereof) are performed at CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170. For example, a protocol stack functional splitting can be used between CU 160 and DU 165, allowing CU 160 to support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and DU 165 to support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, CU 160 can host higher protocol layer (e.g., Layer 3 (L3), Layer 2 (L2)) functionalities and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC), Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)). CU 160 (e.g., one or more CUs) may connect to DU 165 (e.g., one or more DUs) or RU 170 (e.g., one or more RUs) or some combination thereof, and DU 165, RU 170, or both may host lower protocol layers, such as Layer 1 (L1) (e.g., Physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by CU 160. Additionally or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between DU 165 and RU 170, such that DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. DU 165 may (e.g., via one or more different RUs, such as RU 170) support one or more different cells. In some cases, functional decomposition between CU 160 and DU 165, or between DU 165 and RU 170, can be performed within the protocol layer (e.g., some functions of the protocol layer can be performed by one of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer can be performed by different of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170). CU 160 can be further functionally decomposed into CU control plane (CU-CP) functions and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. CU 160 can be connected to DU 165 via midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and DU 165 can be connected to RU 170 via fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some examples, the midhaul communication link 162 or the fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented based on the interfaces (e.g., channels) between the layers of the protocol stack, which are supported by corresponding network entities (e.g., one or more network entities in network entity 105) communicating via such communication links.

[0040] In some wireless communication systems (e.g., wireless communication system 100), the infrastructure and spectrum resources for radio access can support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, thereby providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities in network entity 105 (e.g., network entity 105 or IAB node 104) may be partially controlled by each other. IAB node 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or IAB donor. DU 165 or RU 170 may be partially controlled by CU 160 associated with network entity 105 or base station 140 (such as a donor network entity or donor base station). One or more donor network entities (e.g., IAB donors) may communicate with one or more additional devices (e.g., IAB node 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link 120). IAB node 104 may include an IAB mobile terminal (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by one or more DUs (e.g., DU 165) of a coupled IAB donor. The IAB-MT may be equipped with a separate set of antennas for relaying communication with UE 115, or may share the same antennas (e.g., those of RU 170) for access to IAB node 104 via DU 165 of IAB node 104. (e.g., referred to as a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some examples, IAB node 104 may include one or more DUs (e.g., DU 165) that support communication links with a relay chain of the access network (e.g., downstream) or additional entities within the configuration (e.g., IAB node 104, UE 115). In such cases, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., IAB node 104 or components of IAB node 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0041] When the techniques described herein are applied in the context of a decomposed RAN architecture, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture may be configured to support the tests described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by UE 115 or network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may additionally or alternatively be performed by one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., components such as IAB node, DU 165, CU 160, RU 170, RIC 175, SMO system 180).

[0042] UE 115 may include or be referred to as a mobile device, wireless device, remote device, handheld device, or subscriber device, or any other suitable term, wherein "device" may also be referred to as a cell, station, terminal, or client, etc. UE 115 may also include or be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet computer, laptop computer, or personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, Internet of Things (IoT) device, Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, etc.

[0043] The UE 115 described herein can communicate with various types of devices, such as the UE 115 which sometimes operates as a relay, as well as network entity 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, etc. Figure 1 As shown.

[0044] UE 115 and network entity 105 can wirelessly communicate with each other via communication link 125 (e.g., one or more access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term "carrier" can refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined PHY layer structure for supporting communication link 125. For example, a carrier for communication link 125 may include a portion of the RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) operating according to one or more PHY layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each PHY layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling coordinating operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. Wireless communication system 100 can support communication with UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. Depending on the carrier aggregation configuration, UE 115 can be configured using multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation can be used in conjunction with both frequency division duplex (FDD) component carriers and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers. Communication between network entity 105 and other devices can refer to communication between these devices and any part of network entity 105 (e.g., entity, sub-entity). For example, the terms “transmit,” “receive,” or “communicate” when referring to network entity 105 can refer to any part of the communication between network entity 105 of the RAN (e.g., base station 140, CU 160, DU 165, RU170) and another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities, such as one or more network entities in network entity 105).

[0045] The signal waveform transmitted via a carrier may include multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform extended OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM, a resource element may refer to a resource of one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the decoding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), such that a relatively high number of resource elements (e.g., in the transmission duration) and a relatively high modulation scheme order correspond to a relatively high communication rate. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of RF spectrum resources, temporal resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity used for communication with UE 115.

[0046] The time interval for network entity 105 or UE 115 can be expressed as a multiple of a basic time unit, such as the sampling period. seconds, in response It can represent the supported subcarrier spacing, and This can represent the supported Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size. The time interval for organizing communication resources can be based on radio frames, each with a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame can be identified by a System Frame Number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0047] Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may (e.g., in the time domain) be divided into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix appended to each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems, such as wireless communication system 100, time slots may be further divided into multiple micro-time slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., The duration of a symbol period is associated with a (number) sampling period. The duration of a symbol period can depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0048] A subframe, time slot, micro-time slot, or symbol can be the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., in the time domain) and can be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the duration of the TTI (e.g., the number of symbol periods in the TTI) can be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 can be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)).

[0049] Depending on the technology, carriers can be used to multiplex physical channels for communication. One or more of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques can be used, for example, to multiplex physical control channels and physical data channels for signaling via a downlink carrier. The control region (e.g., control resource set (CORESET)) of the physical control channel can be defined by a set of symbol periods and can extend across the system bandwidth of the carrier or a subset of that bandwidth. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESET) can be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more UEs in UE 115 can monitor or search for control regions to obtain control information based on one or more search space sets, and each search space set can include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a concatenated manner. The aggregation level of control channel candidates can refer to the amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with coded information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space set may include a common search space set configured to transmit control information to UE115 (e.g., one or more UEs) or a UE-specific search space set configured to transmit control information to UE115 (e.g., a particular UE).

[0050] In some examples, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) may be mobile, and thus provide communication coverage to mobile coverage areas (such as coverage area 110). In some examples, coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies (e.g., different coverage areas) may overlap, but coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) may be supported by the same network entity (e.g., network entity 105). In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas (such as coverage area 110) associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities (e.g., network entity 105). The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 support communication for coverage area 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) using the same or different RATs.

[0051] Wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication, or various combinations thereof. For example, wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). UE 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communication may include private or group communications and may be supported by one or more services, such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritizing services, and such services may be used for public safety or general business applications. The terms “ultra-reliable,” “low-latency,” and “ultra-reliable low-latency” are used interchangeably herein.

[0052] In some examples, UE 115 may be configured to support direct communication with other UEs (one or more UEs in UE 115) via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link (such as D2D communication link 135) (e.g., according to a peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocol). In some examples, one or more UEs 115 in the group performing D2D communication may be within the coverage area 110 of network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170), which may support aspects of such D2D communication configured (e.g., scheduled by network entity 105). In some examples, one or more UEs 115 in this group may be outside the coverage area 110 of network entity 105, or may otherwise be unable or not configured to receive transmissions from network entity 105. In some examples, the group of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communication can support a one-to-many (1:M) system, in which each UE 115 transmits to one or more UEs in the group. In some examples, network entity 105 can facilitate the scheduling of resources used for D2D communication. In some other examples, D2D communication can be performed between UEs 115 without involving network entity 105.

[0053] Core network 130 provides user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. Core network 130 can be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), access and mobility management function (AMF)) for managing access and mobility, and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or user plane function (UPF)) for routing packets or interconnecting to external networks. The control plane entity manages non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management of UE 115 served by network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) associated with core network 130. User IP packets can be transferred through user plane entities, which provide IP address allocation and other functions. User plane entities can connect to one or more network operator IP services 150. IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, intranets, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0054] Wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands in the range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz. Generally, the area from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is referred to as the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band or decimeter band because the wavelength range is approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features (which may be referred to as clusters), but these waves are sufficient to penetrate structures so that macrocells can provide service to UE 115 located indoors. Compared to communication using smaller frequencies and longer waves in the lower frequencies (HF) or very high frequencies (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz, communication using UHF waves can be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than one hundred kilometers).

[0055] Wireless communication system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, wireless communication system 100 may employ Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology using unlicensed frequency bands (such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band). When operating with unlicensed RF spectrum, devices such as network entity 105 and UE 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operation using unlicensed frequency bands may be based on carrier aggregation configurations combined with component carriers operating with licensed frequency bands (e.g., LAA). Operation using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmission, uplink transmission, P2P transmission, or D2D transmission, etc.

[0056] Network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas that can be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication, or beamforming. The antennas of network entity 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which can support MIMO operation or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly (such as an antenna tower). In some examples, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with network entity 105 may be located at different geographical locations. Network entity 105 may include an antenna array having a collection of multiple rows and columns of antenna ports that network entity 105 can use to support beamforming for communication with UE 115. Similarly, UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that can support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support RF beamforming for signals transmitted via the antenna ports.

[0057] Beamforming (also known as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting or receiving device (e.g., network entity 105, UE 115) to shape or guide an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting and receiving devices. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals transmitted via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along a specific orientation relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to the signals transmitted via the antenna elements may include applying amplitude shifts, phase shifts, or both to the signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of these antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a specific orientation (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting or receiving device or relative to some other orientation).

[0058] Network entity 105 or UE 115 may use beam scanning technology as part of beamforming operations. For example, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to perform beamforming operations for directional communication with UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted multiple times by network entity 105 along different directions. For example, network entity 105 may transmit signals according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different transmission directions. Transmission along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device (such as network entity 105) or by a receiving device (such as UE 115)) the beam direction for later transmission or reception by network entity 105.

[0059] Some signals (such as data signals associated with a specific receiving device) may be transmitted by a transmitting device (e.g., network entity 105 or UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with a receiving device such as another network entity 105 or UE 115). In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmission along a single beam direction may be determined based on the signals transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, UE 115 may receive one or more signals transmitted by network entity 105 along different directions and may report to network entity 105 an indication of signals received by UE 115 with the highest signal quality or other acceptable signal quality.

[0060] In some examples, transmissions performed by a device (e.g., network entity 105 or UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital pre-decoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from network entity 105 to UE 115). UE 115 may report feedback indicating pre-decoding weights for one or more beam directions, and this feedback may correspond to a set of beams configured across the system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. Network entity 105 may transmit reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS)) that may or may not be pre-decoded. UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a pre-decoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., multi-panel codebook, linear combination codebook, port selection codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted by network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) along one or more directions, UE 115 may use similar techniques to transmit signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., to identify the beam direction used by UE 115 for subsequent transmission or reception), or to transmit signals along a single direction (e.g., to transmit data to a receiving device).

[0061] A receiving device (e.g., UE 115) may perform reception operations according to multiple reception configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals (such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) from a transmitting device (e.g., network entity 105). For example, the receiving device may perform reception according to multiple reception directions by: receiving via different antenna subarrays; processing the received signals according to different antenna subarrays; receiving according to different sets of reception beamforming weights applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array (e.g., different directional listening weight sets); or processing the received signals according to different sets of reception beamforming weights applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array. Any of these operations may be referred to as “listening” according to different reception configurations or reception directions. In some examples, the receiving device may use a single reception configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when a data signal is received). A single receiver configuration can be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receiver configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have the highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or other acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0062] In some wireless communication systems, UE 115 and network entity 105 may perform beam management procedures to determine beam characteristics. For example, UE 115, network entity 105, or both may be configured to use AI or ML models to determine and predict beam characteristics. UE 115 may perform measurements on reference signals received from network entity 105 using different Rx beams (such as wide beams and narrow beams). These measurements may be channel measurements, such as Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power (L1-RSRP) or Layer 1 Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (L1-SINR). UE 115 may use channel measurements to train a wide-to-narrow beam prediction model, where the input is the L1-RSRP of the wide beam measurement and the output is the channel measurement prediction (L1-RSRP or L1-SINR) of the narrow beam. UE 115 may use the model to predict the spatial domain beam characteristics of a set of target resources based on the measurement results of a set of measured resources. The energy ratios (such as the energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio) between the set of predicted target resources assumed by the UE-side model and the set of measured resources may not be known to network entity 105 and may be inconsistent with the corresponding energy ratios (e.g., the EPRE ratio) considered at network entity 105. If the energy ratios used by the UE-side model are inconsistent with the energy ratios used by network entity 105, the predicted channel measurements reported by UE 115 may not be used by network entity 105.

[0063] Techniques for identifying the energy ratio between the set of predicted target resources and the set of measured resources allow network entity 105 and UE 115 to use AI / ML models to determine and predict beam characteristics. In some examples, UE 115 may receive a set of reference signals (e.g., one or more reference signals) via the set of measured resources (e.g., set B beam). UE 115 may perform channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of the set of predicted target resources based on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of reference signals and based on the EPRE ratio between the set of measured resources and the set of predicted target resources (e.g., set A beam). EPRE indicates the power for a resource element, and the EPRE ratio indicates a comparison between the EPRE associated with the set of measured resources and the EPRE associated with the set of predicted resources. UE 115 may send channel reports (e.g., channel state information (CSI) reports) based on the channel measurement predictions, which indicate one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement predictions. In some cases, the EPRE ratio may be configured for UE 115. In some cases, network entity 105 may send control signaling indicating the EPRE ratio between the set of measured resources and the set of predicted target resources. In some examples, UE 115 may send control signaling indicating the EPRE ratio between the set of measured resources and the set of predicted target resources.

[0064] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system 200 supporting energy ratios between beam sets used for model training and inference, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. The wireless communication system 200 may implement, or be implemented by, aspects of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the wireless communication system 200 includes a UE 115-a, which may be an example of UE 115 as described herein. The wireless communication system 200 may also include a network entity 105-a, which may be an example of network entity 105 as described herein.

[0065] UE 115-a can communicate with network entity 105-a using communication link 125-a. Communication link 125-a can be an example of an NR or LTE link between UE 115-a and network entity 105-a. Communication link 125-a can include a bidirectional link that enables both uplink and downlink communication. For example, network entity 105-a can use communication link 125-a to send downlink signals (e.g., downlink transmissions) to UE 115-a, such as downlink control signaling 205 and downlink data signaling 210, and UE 115-a can use communication link 125-a to send uplink signals (e.g., uplink transmissions) to network entity 105-a, such as uplink control signaling 215 and uplink data signaling 220.

[0066] In some examples, UE 115-a may perform beam management procedures to determine beam characteristics. For example, UE 115-a may be configured to utilize AI or ML models to determine and predict beam characteristics. For example, AI or ML techniques may be implemented by UE 115-a for beam management, including beam prediction in the temporal and / or spatial domains for overhead and latency reduction and improved beam selection accuracy. AI or ML techniques may be implemented by UE 115-a for spatial domain downlink beam prediction for set A (e.g., predicted target resource) based on measurement results of set B beams (e.g., measurement resources). AI or ML techniques may be implemented by UE 115-a for temporal downlink beam prediction for set A (e.g., predicted target resource) based on historical measurement results of set B beams (e.g., measurement resources).

[0067] In some cases, network entity 105-a can determine the downlink transmitted EPRE. For the purpose of CSI-RSRP and CSI-SINR measurements, UE 115-a can assume that the downlink EPRE of the port configured by the Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) resource is constant across the configured downlink bandwidth and constant across all configured OFDM symbols. If the SS / PBCH block is associated with the serving cell PCI, it can be determined based on the parameters... ss-PBCH-BlockPower The given SS / PBCH block downlink transmit power and parameters provided by higher layers. powerControlOffsetSS The downlink CSI-RS EPRE is derived from the given CSI-RS power offset. The downlink reference signal transmit power is defined as the linear average of the power contributions of the resource elements carrying the configured CSI-RS within the operating system bandwidth.

[0068] In some examples, for training and related datasets for wide-to-narrow beam prediction models, UE 115-a can collect L1-RSRPs associated with the wide beam (via SSB / CSI-RS) and narrow beam (via CSI-RS) over the air (OTA) or offline to train the wide-to-narrow beam prediction model. The input is the measured L1-RSRP of the wide beam, and the output is the predicted L1-RSRP of the narrow beam. This can be obtained from the RRC configuration associated with the respective CSI-RSs. powerControlOffsetSS The EPRE ratio between set A beams and set B beams is identified, and the EPRE across all SSBs is constant. If the EPRE ratio between wide and narrow beams is the same as in the training dataset of the prediction model, the predicted L1-RSRP is likely meaningful. Otherwise, an EPRE ratio offset should be considered to provide a reasonable predicted L1-RSRP on narrow beams.

[0069] In some cases, communication system operation may be affected if the EPRE ratio assumed by the model of UE 115-a is inconsistent with the corresponding EPRE ratio at network entity 105-a. In some cases, communication system operation may be affected if network entity 105-a is unaware of the EPRE ratio used for channel measurement prediction assumed by the AI ​​or ML model of UE 115-a. For example, network entity 105-a may decide to switch UE 115-a from wide beam to narrow beam, and network entity 105-a may transmit the actual CSI-RS for P2 refinement (e.g., transmit beam refinement) based on whether the predicted L1-RSRP of the narrow beam is greater than the measured L1-RSRP of the wide beam. However, if UE 115-a has already trained an AI or ML model on the +6dB EPRE ratio between set A beams and set B beams without proper coordination with network entity 105-a, the L1-RSRP reported by UE 115-a may not be effectively used for the aforementioned wide-to-narrow beam switching or P-2 refinement purposes. Therefore, network entity 105-a and UE 115-a can communicate with each other regarding the EPRE ratio between set A beams and set B beams as assumed for wide-to-narrow beam prediction when deriving and reporting the L1-RSRP measured for set B beams and the L1-RSRP predicted for set A beams.

[0070] In some examples, UE 115-a can identify the EPRE ratio between set B beams and set A beams. For model training, SSB or CSI-RS and the corresponding measured L1-RSRP or L1-SINR are considered for set A and set B beams. For OTA data collection, this can be based on signaling notifications for the corresponding involved CSI-RS. powerControlOffsetSSThe EPRE ratio between the set B beam and the set A beam is used to identify this ratio. For offline data collection and prediction generation, the EPRE ratio between the set B beam and the set A beam can be determined during the model training process. For model inference for wide-to-narrow prediction, the SSB or CSI-RS can be used as the set B beam for signaling, while virtual resources that are not actually transmitted can be used as the set A beam for signaling.

[0071] In some examples, network entity 105-a and the UE may communicate with each other to identify the EPRE ratios between set A beams (e.g., predicting target resources) and set B beams (e.g., measuring resources), or between set B beams, or between set A beams, to be applied to model training or inference. In some examples, the EPRE ratios may be defined for both model training and inference. For example, AI or ML models trained or inferred for beam prediction may assume a fixed EPRE ratio (e.g., 0-dB) between set A beams and set B beams, and these AI or ML models may output L1-RSRP or L1-SINR for predictions about set A beams. When determining the L1-RSRP for set B beams for model input, different set B beams may include the same defined EPRE, and when determining the L1-RSRP for set A beams for model output, different set A beams may include the same defined EPRE. For cases with defined EPRE ratios, UE 115-a and network entity 105-a may not communicate about EPRE ratios.

[0072] In some examples, although the model assumes an EPRE ratio within set A or set B, or between set A and set B, UE 115-a may report a predicted L1-RSRP or L1-SINR based on a defined or fixed EPRE ratio (e.g., 0-dB) assumed between set B and set A. When determining the L1-RSRP for set B as a model input, different set B beams may include the same defined EPRE, and when determining the L1-RSRP for set A as a model output, different set A beams may include the same defined EPRE.

[0073] In some examples, network entity 105-a may send control signaling to UE 115-a indicating the EPRE ratio, and the EPRE ratio can be used for model inference. In some examples, UE 115-a may send control signaling to network entity 105-a indicating the EPRE ratio between set B beams and set A beams, and the reported EPRE ratio can be used for model inference.

[0074] In some examples, a fixed or configured EPRE ratio (e.g., 0-db) between set A beams and set B beams can be applied to any AI or ML functional or model where the model output includes predicted L1-RSRP or L1-SINR on set A beams. In some cases, a fixed or configured EPRE ratio (e.g., 0-db) between set A beams and set B beams can be applied to restricted AI or ML functional or logistic models. For example, a fixed or configured EPRE ratio (e.g., 0-db) between set A beams and set B beams can be applied to AI or ML functionalities of spatial beam prediction where the logistic model is associated with a case where set A beams and set B beams do not completely overlap.

[0075] Figure 3 An example of a block diagram 300 supporting the energy ratio between beam sets used for model training and inference, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. In some examples, block diagram 300 may be implemented by, as referenced respectively... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The aspects of the described wireless communication systems 100 and 200, or those implemented by these aspects.

[0076] In some examples, a fixed or configured EPRE ratio (e.g., 0-dB) can be defined between set A beams and set B beams. In some cases, UE 115-a can be requested to provide feedback on the predicted L1-RSRP or L1-SINR for set A beams via CSI reporting or via MAC-CE. UE 115-a can measure the L1-RSRP 305 of set B beams via received SSBs. For example, UE 115-a can receive a set of reference signals 225 (e.g., SSBs) via a set of measurement resources (e.g., set B beams). UE 115-a can apply an AI or ML model 310, where the input is the measured L1-RSRP 305 of set B beams, and the output is the predicted L1-RSRP 315 of set A beams via CSI-RS marking. For example, UE 115-a can perform channel measurement predictions on a set of target resources (e.g., set A beams) based on measured L1-RSRP. In some cases, UE 115-a can apply an autonomously determined EPRE offset to the L1-RSRP 315 output by a proprietary (e.g., physical) model to satisfy the defined EPRE ratio for applicable beam prediction results reports, which is trained on a dataset transparent to network entities 105-a considered during model inference. UE 115-a can identify the EPRE ratio through the training dataset. For example, the EPRE ratio between set A beams and set B beams could be -6 dB (e.g., EPRE...). SSB -EPRECSI-RS =-6dB), and the network entity 105-a considered during model inference may not know the EPRE ratio between set A beams and set B beams used for the AI ​​or ML functionality or model involved. In some examples, the EPRE ratio between set A beams and set B beams can be configured (e.g., 0dB). In some cases, UE 115-a may apply an EPRE offset (e.g., +6dB) to the original predicted channel measurement (predicted L1-RSRP 315) obtained from the channel measurement prediction. UE 115-a may send a channel report 230 indicating the predicted channel measurement (L1-RSRP 315). In some cases, channel report 230 may indicate the original predicted channel measurement and the EPRE offset. In some cases, channel report 230 may indicate the predicted channel measurement after applying the EPRE offset to the original predicted L1-RSRP.

[0077] Figure 4 An example of a block diagram 400 is shown, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, supporting the energy ratio between beam sets used for model training and inference. In some examples, block diagram 400 may be implemented by, respectively, referring to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The aspects of the described wireless communication systems 100 and 200, or those implemented by these aspects.

[0078] In some examples, network entity 105-a can control the EPRE ratio used for inference rather than model training. Different sets of B beams may include the same EPRE when determining the L1-RSRP for model input, and different sets of A beams may include the same EPRE when determining the L1-RSRP for model output. In some cases, UE 115-a may receive control signaling before performing channel measurement prediction, indicating the same EPRE ratio for both the set of measured resources (e.g., set of B beams) and the set of predicted target resources (e.g., set of A beams). Block diagram 405 illustrates set of B beams 410-a, and set of B beams 410-a may be via the same EPRE (e.g., an SSB or a CSI-RS with the same EPRE offset having a reference SSB). Block diagram 405 illustrates set of A beams 415-a, and set of A beams 415-a may be via the same EPRE (e.g., a virtual resource that is not actually transmitted and has the same assumed (virtual) EPRE). A single EPRE ratio value of 420 can be signaled from network entity 105-a to UE 115-a.

[0079] In some examples, when determining the L1-RSRP for set B beams for model input, different set B beams may include the same EPRE. When determining the L1-RSRP for set A beams for model output, different set A beams may include different EPREs. For this example, network entity 105-a may signal the EPRE ratios for different set A beams. In some cases, UE 115-a may receive control signaling before performing channel measurement prediction, indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of target resources (e.g., a subset of set A beams) and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target predicted resources (e.g., another subset of set A beams), and the first EPRE ratio may be different from the second EPRE ratio. Block diagram 425 illustrates set B beam 410-b, and set B beam 410-b may be via the same EPRE (e.g., SSB or CSI-RS with the same EPRE offset having a reference SSB). Block diagram 425 illustrates set A beam 415-b, and set A beam 415-b may be via a variable EPRE (e.g., a virtual resource that is not actually transmitted with a hypothetical variable (virtual) EPRE). The EPRE ratio value 430 for different set A beams may be signaled to UE 115-a by network entity 105-a.

[0080] In some examples, different set B beams may include different EPREs when determining the L1-RSRP for a set B beam against model input. When different set A beams may include the same EPRE against model output, different set A beams may include the same EPRE. For this example, network entity 105-a may signal an EPRE ratio value referencing a certain set B beam (e.g., a first set B beam included in a resource set configured with set B beams, defined or predefined), or network entity 105-a may determine and signal this value to UE 115-a. In some cases, UE 115-a may receive control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources before performing channel measurement prediction. Block diagram 435 illustrates set B beam 410-c, and set B beam 410-c may be via a variable EPRE (e.g., a CSI-RS with different EPRE offsets to a reference SSB). Block diagram 435 illustrates set A beam 415-c, and set A beam 415-c may be via the same EPRE (e.g., a virtual resource that is not actually transmitted and has the same assumed (virtual) EPRE). The individual EPRE ratio value 440 of a beam in reference set B may be signaled to UE 115-a by network entity 105-a.

[0081] In some examples, when determining the L1-RSRP for set B beams for model input, different set B beams may include different EPREs. When determining the L1-RSRP for set A beams for model output, different set A beams may include the same EPRE. For this example, network entity 105-a may signal the EPRE ratios for different set A beams for a reference to a single set B beam (e.g., a first set B beam defined or predefined as included in a resource set configuring set B beams), or network entity 105-a may determine and signal the EPRE ratios to UE 115-a. In some cases, UE 115-a may receive control signaling before performing channel measurement prediction, indicating a first plurality of EPRE ratios associated with a set of measurement resources (e.g., set B beams) and a second plurality of EPRE ratios associated with a set of target prediction resources (e.g., set A beams). Block diagram 445 illustrates set B beam 410-d, and set B beam 410-d may be via a variable EPRE (e.g., a CSI-RS with different EPRE offsets to the reference SSB). Block diagram 445 illustrates set A beam 415-d, and set A beam 415-d may be via a variable EPRE (e.g., a virtual resource that is not actually transmitted with a hypothetical variable (virtual) EPRE). The EPRE ratio value 450 of a beam in set B for a different set A beam may be signaled to UE 115-a by network entity 105-a.

[0082] In some cases, UE 115-a may identify the EPRE ratio based on signaling associated with a request from network entity 105-a to report beam prediction results to UE 115-a, or signaling for predicting beam sets A and B. For example, the signaling may be CSI reporting or resource settings, MAC-CE for activating (semi-persistent) CSI reporting, CSI-AssociatedReportConfigInfo, or other dedicated RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or DCI. In some examples, the EPRE ratio value signaled by network entity 105 may be signaled via one of the following: CSI reporting or resource settings, MAC-CE for activating (semi-persistent) CSI reporting, CSI-AssociatedReportConfigInfo, or other dedicated RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or DCI.

[0083] In some examples, UE 115-a may apply an autonomously determined EPRE offset to the L1-RSRP output by its proprietary (physical) model to satisfy the EPRE ratio requested by network entity 105-a for an applicable beam prediction results report. This proprietary model is trained based on a dataset transparent to network entity 105-a during model inference. For example, UE 115-a may apply one or more EPRE offsets to one or more predicted channel measurements (e.g., predicted L1-RSRP) based on the EPRE ratio indicated by network entity 105-a.

[0084] In some examples, UE 115-a may report the EPRE ratio used for inference rather than model training to network entity 105-a. Different sets of B beams may include the same EPRE when determining the L1-RSRP for model input, and different sets of A beams may include the same EPRE when determining the L1-RSRP for model output. In some cases, UE 115-a may send control signaling to network entity 105-a indicating the same EPRE ratio for both the set of measured resources (e.g., set of B beams) and the set of predicted target resources (e.g., set of A beams). Block diagram 405 illustrates set of B beams 410-a, and set of B beams 410-a may be via the same EPRE (e.g., SSB or CSI-RS with the same EPRE offset having a reference SSB). Block diagram 405 illustrates set A beam 415-a, and set A beam 415-a may be via the same EPRE (e.g., a virtual resource that is not actually transmitted and has the same assumed (virtual) EPRE). A single EPRE ratio value 420 may be signaled by UE 115-a to network entity 105-a.

[0085] In some examples, when determining the L1-RSRP for set B beams for model input, different set B beams may include the same EPRE. When determining the L1-RSRP for set A beams for model output, different set A beams may include different EPREs. For this example, UE 115-a may report the EPRE ratios for different set A beams to network entity 105-a. In some cases, UE 115-a may send control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of target resources (e.g., a subset of set A beams) and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target target resources (e.g., another subset of set A beams), and the first EPRE ratio may be different from the second EPRE ratio. Block diagram 425 illustrates set B beam 410-b, and set B beam 410-b may be via the same EPRE (e.g., SSB or CSI-RS with the same EPRE offset having a reference SSB). Block diagram 425 illustrates set A beam 415-b, and set A beam 415-b may be via a variable EPRE (e.g., a virtual resource that is not actually transmitted with a hypothetical variable (virtual) EPRE). The EPRE ratio value 430 for different set A beams may be signaled by UE 115-a to network entity 105-a.

[0086] In some examples, different set B beams may include different EPREs when determining the L1-RSRP for a set B beam against model input. When different set A beams may include the same EPRE against model output, different set A beams may include the same EPRE. For this example, the UE may report the EPRE ratio value referencing a set B beam (e.g., a first set B beam included in a resource set configured with set B beams) to network entity 105-a, or network entity 105-a may determine and signal this value to UE 115-a. In some cases, UE 115-a may send control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources. Block diagram 435 illustrates set B beam 410-c, and set B beam 410-c may be via a variable EPRE (e.g., a CSI-RS with different EPRE offsets to a reference SSB). Block diagram 435 illustrates set A beam 415-c, and set A beam 415-c may be via the same EPRE (e.g., a virtual resource that is not actually transmitted and has the same assumed (virtual) EPRE). The individual EPRE ratio value 440 of a beam in reference set B may be signaled by UE 115-a to network entity 105-a.

[0087] In some examples, when determining the L1-RSRP for set B beams for model input, different set B beams may include different EPREs. When determining the L1-RSRP for set A beams for model output, different set A beams may include the same EPRE. For this example, UE 115-a may report to network entity 105-a EPRE ratios for different set A beams with reference to a single set B beam (e.g., a first set B beam defined or predefined as included in a resource set configuring set B beams, or network entity 105-a determines and signals to UE 115-a). In some cases, UE 115-a may send control signaling indicating a first plurality of EPRE ratios associated with a set of measurement resources (e.g., set B beams) and a second plurality of EPRE ratios associated with a set of target prediction resources (e.g., set A beams). Block diagram 445 illustrates set B beam 410-d, and set B beam 410-d may be via a variable EPRE (e.g., a CSI-RS with different EPRE offsets to the reference SSB). Block diagram 445 illustrates set A beam 415-d, and set A beam 415-d may be via a variable EPRE (e.g., a virtual resource that is not actually transmitted with a hypothetical variable (virtual) EPRE). The EPRE ratio value 450 of a beam in reference set B for a different set A beam may be signaled by UE 115-a to network entity 105-a.

[0088] In some cases, UE 115-a may identify the EPRE ratio based on signaling associated with a request from network entity 105-a to report beam prediction results for UE 115-a, or signaling for predicting the configuration of beam sets A and B. For example, the signaling may be a CSI report or resource setting, a MAC-CE activating (semi-persistent) CSI report, CSI-AssociatedReportConfigInfo, or other dedicated RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or DCI. In some examples, UE 115-a may report the EPRE ratio value via UE 115-a capabilities (e.g., for the AI / ML functional or (logical) model involved) or via other dedicated signaling (such as RRC signaling or MAC-CE). UE 115-a may report the EPRE ratio value together with a channel report (e.g., a CSI report or MAC-CE) carrying the L1-RSRP prediction for beam set A, wherein the reported EPRE ratio value can be applied to the corresponding reporting timing.

[0089] Figure 5An example of a channel measurement chart 500 supporting the energy ratio between beam sets used for model training and inference, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. In some examples, the channel measurement chart 500 may be implemented as described in reference to [references to other documents]. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The aspects of the described wireless communication systems 100 and 200, or those implemented by these aspects.

[0090] In some examples, UE 115-a may send channel reports to network entity 105-a based on defined conditions, such as event-triggered channel reports. For example, a channel report may be requested by UE 115-a or via MAC-CE and event-triggered CSI reports. In some cases, prediction results may be reported when L1-RSRP gain is observed. For example, channel measurement graph 500 shows a graph of the best measured L1-RSRP 505 from set B beams (e.g., a wide beam via SSB) and the best predicted L1-RSRP 510 from set A beams (e.g., predicted from a virtual narrow beam and based on L1-RSRP measured from a wide beam). At interval 515, the best predicted L1-RSRP 510 and the best measured L1-RSRP 505 may satisfy a threshold, such as the difference between the best predicted L1-RSRP 510 and the best measured L1-RSRP 505 exceeding a threshold. In some cases, when the best predicted L1-RSRP 510 and the best measured L1-RSRP 505 meet the threshold, UE 115-a may send an event-triggered channel report.

[0091] In some cases, it can be determined whether UE 115-a reports the predicted L1-RSRP on set A beams (or the top K set A beams relative to the L1-RSRP strength) based on defined conditions. One condition could be that, for a given prediction period, the predicted L1-RSRP or L1-SINR of the top K set A beams is greater than a threshold (e.g., ≥X dB) than the measured L1-RSRP or L1-SINR of another resource. For example, the threshold could be defined or predefined, or network entity 105-a could signal this via RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or DCI. In one example, the other resource could include the strongest measured L1-RSRP in set B beams during the same prediction period. In another example, the other resource could be the QCL source RS associated with the TCI state, which network entity 105-a has instructed to use to receive the nearest physical downlink channel for a given prediction period. The L1-RSRP of such a source RS can be determined based on the most recently measured and / or reported L1-RSRP of the QCL source RS. In another example, another resource can be signaled individually by network entity 105-a. For example, network entity 105-a can use DCI or MAC-CE to dynamically signal the selection of another resource from the set of SSB / CSI-RS or from any source RS associated with the currently active TCI state.

[0092] For event-triggered reports in channel reporting, the EPRE ratio between set A beams and another resource can be defined as a defined value (e.g., 0-db). In some examples, UE 115-a may receive control signaling from network entity 105-a indicating the EPRE ratio between set A beams and another resource. UE 115-a may determine the EPRE ratio between set A beams and set B beams, but this is not helpful in determining whether the above triggering conditions are met because the L1-RSRP comparison between set A beams and the other resource becomes meaningless.

[0093] Figure 6 An example of a process flow 600 supporting the energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. In some examples, process flow 600 may be implemented as described in reference respectively. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The described aspects of the wireless communication systems 100 and 200, or aspects thereof, are implemented. For example, process flow 600 may be implemented by network entity 105-b, which may be as described in reference... Figure 1 and Figure 2 An example of network entity 105 is described. Process flow 600 can be implemented by UE 115-b, which can be as shown in the reference. Figure 1 and Figure 2 An example of a UE as described.

[0094] In some examples, the operations illustrated in process flow 600 may be performed by hardware (e.g., including circuits, processing blocks, logic components, and other components), code (e.g., software executed by a processor), or any combination thereof. Alternative examples are possible, some of which may be performed in a different order than described or not at all. In some cases, steps may include additional features not mentioned below, or additional steps may be added.

[0095] At 605, UE 115-b can receive a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources.

[0096] At 610, UE 115-b may optionally receive control signaling indicating one or more EPRE ratios. In some examples, the EPRE ratio may be configured for the UE. In some examples, UE 115-b may receive control signaling indicating the same EPRE ratio for a set of measured resources and a set of predicted target resources. In some examples, UE 115-b may receive control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of predicted target resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target predicted resources, and the first EPRE ratio may be different from the second EPRE ratio. In some examples, UE 115-b may receive control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measured resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of measured resources, and the first EPRE ratio may be different from the second EPRE ratio. In some examples, UE 115-b may receive control signaling indicating a first plurality of EPRE ratios associated with a set of measurement resources and a second plurality of EPRE ratios associated with a set of target prediction resources.

[0097] At 615, UE 115-b may optionally send control signaling indicating one or more EPRE ratios. In some examples, UE 115-b may send control signaling indicating the same EPRE ratio for a set of measured resources and a set of predicted target resources. In some examples, UE 115-b may send control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of predicted target resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target predicted resources, and the first EPRE ratio may be different from the second EPRE ratio. In some examples, UE 115-b may send control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measured resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of measured resources, and the first EPRE ratio may be different from the second EPRE ratio. In some examples, UE 115-b may send control signaling indicating a first plurality of EPRE ratios associated with a set of measured resources and a second plurality of EPRE ratios associated with a set of target predicted resources.

[0098] At 620, UE 115-b can perform channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of the set of target resources based on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of reference signals and based on the EPRE ratio between the set of measured resources and the set of target resources.

[0099] At 625, UE 115-b may transmit a channel report based on channel measurement prediction, which indicates one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction. In some examples, the UE may apply one or more EPRE offsets to one or more predicted channel measurements based on the EPRE ratio. In some examples, transmitting a channel report may be based on the difference between one or more predicted channel measurements and one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of reference signals satisfying a threshold.

[0100] Figure 7 A block diagram 700 illustrates a device 705 supporting energy ratios between beam sets used for model training and inference, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. Device 705 may be an example of various aspects of UE 115 as described herein. Device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communication manager 720. Device 705 or one or more components of device 705 (e.g., receiver 710, transmitter 715, communication manager 720) may include at least one processor that may be coupled to at least one memory to individually or jointly support or implement the described techniques. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0101] Receiver 710 may provide components for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to the energy ratio between beam sets used for model training and inference). The information may be passed to other components of device 705. Receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0102] Transmitter 715 may provide components for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 705. For example, transmitter 715 may transmit information associated with various information channels, such as control channels, data channels, and information channels related to the energy ratio between beam sets used for model training and inference, including packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 715 may be co-located with receiver 710 in a transceiver module. Transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0103] The communication manager 720, receiver 710, transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of components used to perform various aspects of the energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference as described herein. For example, the communication manager 720, receiver 710, transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be able to perform one or more of the functions described herein.

[0104] In some examples, the communication manager 720, receiver 710, transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communication management circuitry). The hardware may include at least one of the following: a processor, digital signal processor (DSP), central processing unit (CPU), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic component, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof, configured as or otherwise individually or collectively to support components for performing the functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled to said at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., instructions stored in at least one memory are executed individually or collectively by one or more processors).

[0105] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 720, receiver 710, transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., referred to as processor executable code) executed by at least one processor (e.g., as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functionality of the communication manager 720, receiver 710, transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by (e.g., a general-purpose processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA, microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices configured, either individually or collectively, as components for performing the functions described in this disclosure).

[0106] In some examples, the communication manager 720 may be configured to use a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, or both, or otherwise cooperate with them to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, the communication manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, transmit information to the transmitter 715, or integrate with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or a combination of both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0107] Communication manager 720 can support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. For example, communication manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources. Communication manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for one or more measurements based on at least a subset of the set of reference signals and for performing channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of the set of predicted target resources based on the energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of predicted target resources. Communication manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting a channel report based on the channel measurement prediction, the channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.

[0108] By including or configuring a communication manager 720 according to an example as described herein, device 705 (e.g., controlling receiver 710, transmitter 715, communication manager 720 or a combination thereof or at least one processor otherwise coupled to them) can support techniques for more efficient use of communication resources.

[0109] Figure 8A block diagram 800 of a device 805 supporting energy ratios between beam sets used for model training and inference, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Device 805 may be an example of aspects of device 705 or UE 115 as described herein. Device 805 may include receiver 810, transmitter 815, and communication manager 820. Device 805, or one or more components of device 805 (e.g., receiver 810, transmitter 815, communication manager 820), may include at least one processor that may be coupled to at least one memory to support the described techniques. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0110] Receiver 810 may provide components for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to the energy ratio between beam sets used for model training and inference). The information may be passed to other components of device 805. Receiver 810 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0111] Transmitter 815 may provide components for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 805. For example, transmitter 815 may transmit information associated with various information channels, such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof, related to the energy ratio between beam sets used for model training and inference. In some examples, transmitter 815 may be co-located with receiver 810 in a transceiver module. Transmitter 815 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0112] Device 805 or its various components may be examples of parts used to perform various aspects of energy ratios between beam sets for model training and inference as described herein. For example, communication manager 820 may include reference signal manager 825, channel measurement prediction manager 830, channel reporting manager 835, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 820 may be examples of aspects of communication manager 720 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 820 or its various components may be configured to use receiver 810, transmitter 815, or both, or otherwise cooperate with them to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, communication manager 820 may receive information from receiver 810, transmit information to transmitter 815, or be integrated with receiver 810, transmitter 815, or a combination thereof to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0113] Communication manager 820 can support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. Reference signal manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources. Channel measurement prediction manager 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for one or more measurements based on at least a subset of the set of reference signals and for performing channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of the set of target resources based on the energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of target resources. Channel report manager 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting a channel report based on the channel measurement prediction, the channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.

[0114] Figure 9 A block diagram 900 illustrates a communication manager 920 supporting energy ratios between beam sets used for model training and inference, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. The communication manager 920 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 720, communication manager 820, or both as described herein. The communication manager 920 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of energy ratios between beam sets used for model training and inference as described herein. For example, the communication manager 920 may include a reference signal manager 925, a channel measurement prediction manager 930, a channel reporting manager 935, an offset manager 940, an EPRE ratio manager 945, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or its components or sub-components (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories), may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0115] Communication manager 920 can support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. Reference signal manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources. Channel measurement prediction manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for one or more measurements based on at least a subset of the set of reference signals and for performing channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of the set of target resources based on the energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of target resources. Channel report manager 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting a channel report based on the channel measurement prediction, the channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.

[0116] In some examples, the EPRE ratio is configured for the UE.

[0117] In some examples, to support the transmission of channel reports, the offset manager 940 is capable of, configured to, or able to operate to support components for applying one or more EPRE offsets to one or more predicted channel measurements based on the EPRE ratio.

[0118] In some examples, the EPRE ratio manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or able to operate to support components for receiving control signaling prior to channel measurement prediction, which instructs the same EPRE ratio for the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources.

[0119] In some examples, the EPRE ratio manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or able to operate to support components for receiving control signaling prior to channel measurement prediction, the control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of target resources to be predicted and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target predicted resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.

[0120] In some examples, the EPRE ratio manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or able to operate to support components for receiving control signaling prior to channel measurement prediction, the control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of measurement resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.

[0121] In some examples, the EPRE ratio manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or able to operate to support components for receiving control signaling prior to channel measurement prediction, the control signaling indicating a first set of multiple EPRE ratios associated with a set of measurement resources and a second set of multiple EPRE ratios associated with a set of target prediction resources.

[0122] In some examples, the EPRE ratio manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or able to operate to support components for sending control signaling that indicates the same EPRE ratio for the set of measured resources and the set of predicted target resources.

[0123] In some examples, the EPRE ratio manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or able to operate to support components for sending control signaling that indicates a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of target resources and indicates a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.

[0124] In some examples, the EPRE ratio manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or able to operate to support components for sending control signaling that indicates a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources and indicates a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of measurement resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.

[0125] In some examples, the EPRE ratio manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or able to operate to support components for sending control signaling that indicates a first set of multiple EPRE ratios associated with a set of measurement resources and a second set of multiple EPRE ratios associated with a set of target prediction resources.

[0126] In some examples, to support the transmission of channel reports, the EPRE ratio manager 945 is capable of, configured to, or able to operate to support components for transmitting channel reports based on the difference between one or more measurements of at least a subset of a set of reference signals and one or more predicted channel measurements meeting a threshold.

[0127] Figure 10 A diagram illustrating a system 1000 including device 1005 supporting energy ratios between beam sets for model training and inference, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. Device 1005 may be an example of device 705, device 805, or UE 115 as described herein, or may include components thereof. Device 1005 may communicate with one or more other devices (e.g., network entity 105, UE 115, or a combination thereof) (e.g., wirelessly). Device 1005 may include components for bidirectional voice and data communication, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 1020, an input / output (I / O) controller (such as I / O controller 1010), a transceiver 1015, one or more antennas 1025, at least one memory 1030, code 1035, and at least one processor 1040. These components may communicate electronically or be coupled in other ways (e.g., operational ground, communication ground, functional ground, electronic ground, electrical ground) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1045).

[0128] I / O controller 1010 manages the input and output signals of device 1005. I / O controller 1010 can also manage peripheral devices not integrated into device 1005. In some cases, I / O controller 1010 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 1010 may utilize an operating system such as iOS. ® ANDROID ® MS-DOS ®MS-WINDOWS ® OS / 2 ® UNIX ® LINUX ® Alternatively, the I / O controller 1010 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, or similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 1010 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as at least one processor 1040. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1005 via the I / O controller 1010 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1010.

[0129] In some cases, device 1005 may include a single antenna. However, in other cases, device 1005 may have more than one antenna, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. Transceiver 1015 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 1025 as described herein using a wired or wireless link. For example, transceiver 1015 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver 1015 may also include a modem for: modulating packets; providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1025 for transmission; and demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 1025. Transceiver 1015, or transceiver 1015 and one or more antennas 1025, may be an example of transmitter 715, transmitter 815, receiver 710, receiver 810, or any combination thereof or components thereof as described herein.

[0130] At least one memory 1030 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). At least one memory 1030 may store computer-readable code, computer-executable code, or processor-executable code, such as code 1035. Code 1035 may include instructions that, when executed by at least one processor 1040, cause device 1005 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 1035 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, code 1035 may not be directly executable by at least one processor 1040, but may enable a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, at least one memory 1030 may include a basic I / O system (BIOS), etc., which controls basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0131] At least one processor 1040 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs), one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs)), one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, at least one processor 1040 may be configured to use a memory controller to operate a memory array. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into at least one processor 1040. At least one processor 1040 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., at least one memory 1030) to cause device 1005 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting energy ratios between beam sets for model training and inference). For example, device 1005 or components thereof may include at least one processor 1040 and at least one memory 1030 coupled to or coupled to the at least one processor 1040, wherein the at least one processor 1040 and the at least one memory 1030 are configured to perform the various functions described herein.

[0132] In some examples, at least one processor 1040 may include multiple processors, and at least one memory 1030 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled to one or more of the multiple memories, which may be configured individually or collectively to perform the various functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor 1040 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system of machines (such as a series of machines), circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include at least one processor 1040) and memory circuitry (which may include at least one memory 1030)) or components that receive or receive input and process the input to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, at least one processor 1040 or a processing system including at least one processor 1040 may be configured, configured to, or operable to cause device 1005 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Furthermore, as described herein, “configured to,” “capable of being configured to,” and “capable of operating to” are used interchangeably and may be associated with the ability to perform one or more of the functions described herein when executing code 1035 (e.g., processor-executable code) stored in at least one memory 1030 or otherwise.

[0133] Communication manager 1020 may support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. For example, communication manager 1020 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources. Communication manager 1020 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for one or more measurements based on at least a subset of the set of reference signals and for performing channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of the set of predicted target resources based on the energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measurement resources and the set of predicted target resources. Communication manager 1020 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting a channel report based on the channel measurement prediction, the channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.

[0134] By including or configuring a communication manager 1020 according to an example as described herein, device 1005 can support technologies for improving communication reliability, utilizing communication resources more efficiently, and improving coordination between devices.

[0135] In some examples, the communication manager 1020 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using a transceiver 1015, one or more antennas 1025, or any combination thereof, or otherwise cooperating with them. Although the communication manager 1020 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1020 may be supported or executed by at least one processor 1040, at least one memory 1030, code 1035, or any combination thereof. For example, code 1035 may include instructions that can be executed by at least one processor 1040 to cause device 1005 to perform various aspects of the energy ratio between beam sets for model training and inference as described herein, or at least one processor 1040 and at least one memory 1030 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations individually or jointly.

[0136] Figure 11 A flowchart illustrating a method 1100 for supporting energy ratios between beam sets for model training and inference, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Operation of method 1100 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1100 may be performed by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 10 The UE 115 described herein performs the following: In some examples, the UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described functions.

[0137] At 1105, the method may include receiving a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources. The operation of 1105 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1105 may be determined by reference... Figure 9 The reference signal manager 925 described is executed.

[0138] At 1110, the method may include one or more measurements based on at least a subset of a set of reference signals and performing channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of the set of target resources based on the energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measured resources and the set of target resources. The operation of 1110 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1110 may be determined by reference... Figure 9 The described Channel Measurement Prediction Manager 930 is executed.

[0139] At 1115, the method may include transmitting a channel report based on channel measurement prediction, the channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction. The operation of 1115 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1115 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described Channel Report Manager 935 is executed.

[0140] Figure 12 A flowchart illustrating a method 1200 for supporting energy ratios between beam sets for model training and inference, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Operation of method 1200 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1200 may be performed by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 10 The UE 115 described herein performs the following: In some examples, the UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described functions.

[0141] At 1205, the method may include receiving a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources. The operation of 1205 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1205 may be determined by reference... Figure 9 The reference signal manager 925 described is executed.

[0142] At 1210, the method may include receiving control signaling prior to channel measurement prediction, the control signaling indicating the same EPRE ratio for the set of measurement resources and the set of target resources to be predicted. The operation of 1210 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1210 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 9The EPRE ratio manager 945 described is executed.

[0143] At 1215, the method may include one or more measurements based on at least a subset of a set of reference signals and performing channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of the set of target resources based on the energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measured resources and the set of target resources. The operation of 1215 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1215 may be determined by reference... Figure 9 The described Channel Measurement Prediction Manager 930 is executed.

[0144] At 1220, the method may include transmitting a channel report based on channel measurement prediction, the channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction. The operation of 1220 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1220 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 9 The described Channel Report Manager 935 is executed.

[0145] The following provides an overview of the various aspects of this disclosure.

[0146] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication by a UE, the method comprising: receiving a set of reference signals via a set of measurement resources; performing channel measurement prediction on at least a subset of the set of predicted target resources based at least in part on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of reference signals and at least in part on an energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measurement resources and a set of predicted target resources; and transmitting a channel report based on the channel measurement prediction, the channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.

[0147] Aspect 2: According to the method of aspect 1, wherein the EPRE ratio is configured for the UE.

[0148] Aspect 3: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, wherein sending the channel report comprises: applying one or more EPRE offsets to the one or more predicted channel measurements based at least in part on the EPRE ratio.

[0149] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, the method further comprising: receiving control signaling prior to the channel measurement prediction, the control signaling indicating the same EPRE ratio for the set of measurement resources and the set of predicted target resources.

[0150] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, the method further comprising: receiving control signaling prior to the channel measurement prediction, the control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of target resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target predicted resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.

[0151] Aspect 6: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, the method further comprising: receiving control signaling prior to the channel measurement prediction, the control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of measurement resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.

[0152] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, the method further comprising: receiving control signaling prior to the channel measurement prediction, the control signaling indicating a first plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of measurement resources and a second plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of target prediction resources.

[0153] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 7, the method further comprising: sending control signaling, the control signaling indicating the same EPRE ratio for the set of measured resources and the set of predicted target resources.

[0154] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, the method further comprising: sending control signaling, the control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of target resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.

[0155] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 9, the method further comprising: sending control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of measurement resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.

[0156] Aspect 11: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 10, the method further comprising: sending control signaling, the control signaling indicating a first plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of measured resources and a second plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of target predicted resources.

[0157] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 11, wherein sending the channel report comprises: sending the channel report based at least in part on the difference between the one or more predicted channel measurements and at least a subset of the set of reference signals satisfying a threshold.

[0158] Aspect 13: A UE for wireless communication, the UE comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code, so that the UE performs a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12.

[0159] Aspect 14: A UE for wireless communication, the UE comprising at least one component for performing a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 12.

[0160] Aspect 15: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, said code including instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12.

[0161] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible specific implementations. Operations and steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified, and other specific implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more of these methods may be combined.

[0162] While aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for illustrative purposes, and the terms LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR may be used in most of the description, the techniques described herein are also applicable to networks outside of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the techniques described are applicable to a variety of other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0163] The information and signals described herein can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and skills. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0164] The various exemplary blocks and components described in connection with this disclosure can be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, graphics processing unit (GPU), neural processing unit (NPU), FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic unit, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in alternative embodiments, a processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration). Any function or operation described herein that can be performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors capable of performing the described function or operation individually or jointly.

[0165] The functions described herein can be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions can be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium or transmitted using one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and specific implementations are within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or any combination of these. Features implementing the functions can also be physically located in various locations, including portions distributed such that the functions are implemented in different physical locations.

[0166] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media, encompassing any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one location to another. Non-transitory storage media can be any available medium accessible by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compressed optical disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage devices, magnetic disk storage devices or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code components in the form of instructions or data structures, and accessible by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Furthermore, any connection is appropriately referred to as computer-readable media. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included within the definition of computer-readable media. As used herein, disks and optical discs include CDs, laser discs, optical discs, digital multifunction discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs. Disks can magnetically reproduce data, and optical discs can optically reproduce data using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any function or operation described herein that can be performed by memory can be performed by multiple memories capable of performing the described function or operation individually or jointly.

[0167] As used herein, the word "or" in a list of items (e.g., a list of items accompanied by phrases such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") in the claims indicates an inclusive list, such that a list of at least one of, for example, A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Furthermore, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" could be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "at least partially based on".

[0168] As used herein, including in claims, the article “a” preceding a noun is open-ended and is understood to refer to “at least one” or “one or more” of those nouns. Therefore, the terms “a,” “at least one,” “one or more,” and “at least one of one or more” are interchangeable. For example, where a claim enumerates “components” performing one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “component” having a characteristic or performing a function may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent references to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “the” can refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” can be understood to mean “one or more components,” and subsequent reference to “the component” in a claim can be understood as equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components.” Similarly, subsequent references to a component introduced with the terms “the” or “the” as “one or more components” can refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, reference to "the one or more components" in the subsequent claims can be understood as equivalent to reference to "at least one of the one or more components".

[0169] The term "determine" encompasses a variety of actions, and therefore, "determine" can include calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, searching (such as by searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertainment, etc. Furthermore, "determine" can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory), etc. Moreover, "determine" can include parsing, acquiring, selecting, choosing, creating, and other similar actions.

[0170] In the accompanying drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference numerals. Furthermore, various components of the same type can be distinguished by adding a dash after the reference numeral and a second reference numeral to differentiate between similar components. If only the first reference numeral is used in the description, the description applies to any of the similar components having the same first reference numeral, regardless of the second reference numeral or other subsequent reference numerals.

[0171] The description herein, illustrated in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, describes an example configuration and does not represent all achievable examples or those within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration," not "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples." The detailed description includes specific details used to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques can be practiced without these specific details. In some of the drawings, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concept of the described examples.

[0172] The description herein is provided to enable those skilled in the art to implement or use this disclosure. Various modifications to this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A user equipment (UE), the user equipment (UE) comprising: One or more memories, wherein the one or more memories store processor-executable code; and One or more processors, coupled to one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code, thereby enabling the UE to: A set of reference signals received via a set of measurement resources; Channel measurement prediction is performed on at least a subset of the set of target resources based at least in part on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of reference signals and at least in part on the energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measured resources and the set of target resources. as well as A channel report is sent based on the channel measurement prediction, the channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.

2. The UE of claim 1, wherein the EPRE ratio is configured for the UE.

3. The UE of claim 1, wherein, in order to transmit the channel report, the one or more processors are capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code, thereby enabling the UE to: One or more EPRE offsets are applied to the one or more predicted channel measurements, at least in part, based on the EPRE ratio.

4. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code, thereby enabling the UE to: Control signaling is received prior to the channel measurement prediction, the control signaling indicating the same EPRE ratio for the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources.

5. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code, thereby enabling the UE to: Prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling is received, the control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of target resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target predicted resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.

6. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code, thereby enabling the UE to: Prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling is received, the control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of measurement resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.

7. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code, thereby enabling the UE to: Prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling is received, which indicates a first plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of measurement resources and a second plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of target prediction resources.

8. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code, thereby enabling the UE to: Send control signaling indicating the same EPRE ratio for the set of measured resources and the set of predicted target resources.

9. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code, thereby enabling the UE to: Send control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of target resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.

10. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code, thereby enabling the UE to: Send control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of measurement resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.

11. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code, thereby enabling the UE to: Send control signaling indicating a first plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of measured resources and a second plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of target predicted resources.

12. The UE of claim 1, wherein, in order to transmit the channel report, the one or more processors are capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code, thereby enabling the UE to: The channel report is sent at least in part based on the difference between the one or more predicted channel measurements and at least a subset of the set of reference signals satisfying a threshold.

13. A method for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: A set of reference signals received via a set of measurement resources; Channel measurement prediction is performed on at least a subset of the set of target resources based at least in part on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of reference signals and at least in part on the energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measured resources and the set of target resources. as well as A channel report is sent based on the channel measurement prediction, the channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the EPRE ratio is configured for the UE.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein sending the channel report comprises: One or more EPRE offsets are applied to the one or more predicted channel measurements, at least in part, based on the EPRE ratio.

16. The method according to claim 13, further comprising: Control signaling is received prior to the channel measurement prediction, the control signaling indicating the same EPRE ratio for the set of measurement resources and the set of prediction target resources.

17. The method according to claim 13, further comprising: Prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling is received, the control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of target resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of target predicted resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.

18. The method according to claim 13, further comprising: Prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling is received, the control signaling indicating a first EPRE ratio associated with a first subset of the set of measurement resources and indicating a second EPRE ratio associated with a second subset of the set of measurement resources, wherein the first EPRE ratio is different from the second EPRE ratio.

19. The method according to claim 13, further comprising: Prior to the channel measurement prediction, control signaling is received, which indicates a first plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of measurement resources and a second plurality of EPRE ratios associated with the set of target prediction resources.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to: A set of reference signals received via a set of measurement resources; Channel measurement prediction is performed on at least a subset of the set of target resources based at least in part on one or more measurements of at least a subset of the set of reference signals and at least in part on the energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio between the set of measured resources and the set of target resources. as well as A channel report is sent based on the channel measurement prediction, the channel report indicating one or more predicted channel measurements obtained from the channel measurement prediction.

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