Rehabilitation nursing teaching aid for pelvic floor muscles and urination and defecation related muscle groups of old people

Abstract

The utility model relates to a rehabilitation nursing teaching aid for pelvic floor muscles and urination and defecation related muscle groups of old people. The rehabilitation nursing teaching aid comprises a pelvic floor skeleton part, a pelvic floor muscle part and a related muscle part. The pelvic floor bone part comprises an ilium and a sacrococcygeal bone which are used for forming the posterior wall of the pelvic floor, a pubis used for forming the anterior wall of the pelvic floor, an ischium located at the lower part of the pelvic floor and a femur connected with the ilium, the pelvic floor muscle part comprises a middle pelvic floor muscle and an inner pelvic floor muscle which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, and the middle pelvic floor muscle comprises a urethral sphincter attached to the pubis. The inner pelvic floor muscle comprises levator ani muscle attached to the pubic bone and the sacrococcygeal bone, the associated muscle part comprises abdominal muscle, leg muscle and dorsal muscle, the leg muscle is attached to the femur, the abdominal muscle is attached to the pubic bone, and the dorsal muscle is attached to the ilium and the sacrococcygeal bone. According to the pelvic floor dysfunction of the old people, the teaching aid simulates muscle groups for controlling defecation and urination, so that the real pelvic floor state of the old people is reflected, and the teaching aid has positive significance for improving the teaching and training effect in the aspect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of medical rehabilitation equipment, in particular to a teaching aid for rehabilitation and nursing of pelvic floor muscles and defecation-related muscles of the elderly. Background Art

[0002] With the aging of the population, the incidence of pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) in the elderly has increased significantly, which has attracted widespread attention. Pelvic floor dysfunction covers a range of symptoms, such as urinary incontinence and defecation disorders, which greatly reduce the quality of life of the elderly. The pelvic floor muscles are a group of muscles located at the bottom of the pelvis. They tightly close the pelvic floor through multiple layers of muscle fibers and fascia structures, covering the front, back and side walls of the pelvis. These muscles and the surrounding connective tissue together constitute the pelvic floor support system, which is essential for maintaining the normal position and function of the pelvic organs, including controlling physiological processes such as urination and defecation. With the increase of age, the pelvic floor tissues of the elderly, including muscles and ligaments, will undergo degenerative changes, resulting in the relaxation of the pelvic floor tissues, which in turn affects the pelvic floor function. Therefore, considering the characteristics of the pelvic floor tissues of the elderly, it is particularly important to design an auxiliary tool that can accurately simulate the pelvic floor structure and its related muscle groups in the elderly.

[0003] CN215679716U proposes a female visualized bionic simulation pelvic floor muscle teaching aid, including a female pelvic floor muscle simulation device, the female pelvic floor muscle simulation device includes a pelvic floor muscle mold and a simulation layer, the simulation layer is used to fit the pelvic floor muscle mold to form different display surfaces; the simulation layer includes a first simulation layer, a second simulation layer and a third simulation layer, the pelvic floor muscle mold is provided with a notch, and the first simulation layer, the second simulation layer and the third simulation layer are sequentially covered on the notch.

[0004] CN211237496U discloses a teaching tool for female reproductive system anatomy, which comprises a female pelvis model, a perineum model, a bladder model, a uterus model, a rectum model, a pelvic floor model, a fallopian tube model, a common iliac artery model, an inferior vena cava model, a blood supply line, a pelvic ligament and a pelvic muscle model; the perineum model is arranged in the middle and lower part of the female pelvis model, and the front end surface thereof is provided with a urethra opening, a vaginal opening and anus in sequence from top to bottom; the female pelvis model has a pelvic cavity; the bladder model, the uterus model and the rectum model are arranged in the pelvic cavity in sequence from front to back; the bladder model is connected with the urethra opening, the uterus model is connected with the vaginal opening, and the rectum model is connected with the anus.

[0005] In the existing patents, the pelvic floor teaching aids are mainly aimed at young women, but there are no special models designed for the two special groups of elderly women and elderly men. There are significant differences between the pelvic floor structure and muscle characteristics of elderly men and elderly women and young people. The pelvic floor teaching aids of the above patents only cover part of the pelvic floor tissues, ignoring the simulation of muscle groups related to the control of urination and defecation in the elderly. For example, the levator ani muscles play a core role in the control of urination and defecation in the elderly, but in the pelvic floor teaching aids of the above patents, the simulation of the levator ani muscles in the pelvic floor muscle layer is not perfect. In summary, conventional pelvic floor anatomy teaching aids cannot accurately reflect the actual pelvic floor state of the elderly when simulating the pelvic floor structure and function of elderly women and elderly men. This problem not only limits the possibility of these teaching aids in meeting the needs of a wider user group, but also affects the effectiveness and efficiency of the teaching aids in helping medical staff to conduct teaching and training on incontinence.

[0006] In addition, on the one hand, there are differences in understanding among technical personnel in this field; on the other hand, the applicant studied a large number of documents and patents when making the present utility model, but due to space limitations, not all details and contents are listed in detail. However, this does not mean that the present utility model does not have the characteristics of these prior arts. On the contrary, the present utility model already has all the characteristics of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art to the background technology. Utility Model Content

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present application proposes a teaching aid for pelvic floor muscles and related muscle groups, especially a teaching aid for rehabilitation and care of pelvic floor muscles and defecation-related muscles of the elderly, aiming to solve one or more technical problems in the prior art.

[0008] Among the existing pelvic floor teaching aids, most focus only on showing the pelvic skeleton structure, while teaching aids that simulate the muscle tissue connected to the pelvis are relatively rare. Even if there are models that simulate the pelvic floor muscles, they are mainly targeted at the anatomical characteristics of the young population and are limited to showing the outer pelvic floor muscles, such as the bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles. However, the middle and inner pelvic floor muscles that require special attention for elderly women and men, such as the levator ani muscles, urethral sphincter, female urethral detrusor muscles, and urethrovaginal sphincter, are often not fully represented in the models. In addition, the simulation of the posterior spinal muscles, abdominal muscles, and lower limb muscles on the periphery of the pelvic floor is also significantly insufficient. The lack or inaccurate representation of these muscles may affect the teaching quality in the medical teaching process and students' comprehensive understanding of the muscles and their functions related to urinary and defecation functions.

[0009] Therefore, in view of the above technical problems, the utility model proposes a rehabilitation nursing teaching aid for the pelvic floor muscles and defecation-related muscles of the elderly, the teaching aids include an elderly male teaching aid and an elderly female teaching aid, both of which include a pelvic floor bone part and a pelvic floor muscle part detachably connected thereto, the pelvic floor muscle part includes a urethral sphincter located in front of the pelvic floor bone part and anal levator muscles and anal sphincter located below the pelvic floor bone part, wherein, in the elderly male teaching aid, the urethral sphincter includes an internal urethral sphincter and an external urethral sphincter arranged on the outside thereof; in the elderly female teaching aid, the pelvic floor muscle part is provided with a urethral detrusor muscle and a urethral vaginal sphincter adjacent to the urethral sphincter, the teaching aid also includes an associated muscle part provided with abdominal muscles, leg muscles and back muscles, and the associated muscle part can be detachably connected to the pelvic floor bone part of the two teaching aids as a whole.

[0010] The utility model is an auxiliary teaching aid designed specifically for the common problems of urinary incontinence and defecation disorders among the elderly. The teaching aid is intended to clearly present the pelvic floor muscles and their related anatomical structures through three-dimensional visualization. As a group of complex muscles that close the pelvic floor, the pelvic floor muscles are composed of multiple layers of muscles and fascia, and are widely distributed in the front, back and side walls of the pelvis. These muscles work in conjunction with other pelvic support structures to maintain the normal position and function of the pelvic organs, including but not limited to the regulation of urination and defecation. With the help of this teaching aid, medical staff can learn the complex structure of the pelvic floor muscles and related muscle groups of the elderly, understand their functions in human anatomy and physiological functions, thereby helping medical staff to gain a deep understanding of the pathology of urinary and fecal incontinence and improve their clinical nursing capabilities.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment, the pelvic floor muscle portion includes an outer pelvic floor muscle, a middle pelvic floor muscle and an inner pelvic floor muscle arranged in sequence from outside to inside, and the outer pelvic floor muscle includes bulbospongiosus muscle, ischiocavernosus muscle, transverse perineal muscle and anal sphincter, wherein the bulbospongiosus muscle can extend toward the location of the ischium and pubis, the starting points of the ischiocavernosus and transverse perineal muscle are connected to the ischium, and the anal sphincter is arranged around the anus. The outer pelvic floor muscles are an important part of the pelvic floor function, and they are closely connected to the pelvic floor bone portion through a complex connection relationship, and together maintain the structural stability and functional integrity of the pelvic floor. The pelvic floor muscle portion can provide a clear view of the pelvic floor muscle group structure from a detailed anatomical perspective, which helps medical staff to understand the relevant structure of the pelvic floor muscles more accurately. By customizing teaching aids for elderly men and elderly women respectively, and making differentiated designs in the configuration of the pelvic floor muscles, not only the gender specificity and applicability of the teaching aids are improved, but also learners' understanding of the differences in pelvic floor structure between different genders is enhanced, thereby achieving more precise and effective teaching goals in medical education and rehabilitation training, and promoting the formulation and implementation of personalized medical and rehabilitation plans.

[0012] According to a preferred embodiment, the muscle modules in the pelvic floor muscle section and the associated muscle section can establish a detachable connection relationship with other adjacent muscle modules or bones by means of magnetic attraction or slot insertion. The detachable connection relationship established by means of magnetic attraction or slot insertion not only facilitates the education and training process, but also provides a more realistic and interactive learning tool for medical staff, enhancing the teaching effect of medical staff in formulating rehabilitation training programs for elderly patients.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment, the bulbospongiosus muscle can be removed to expose the origin of the ischiocavernosus muscle and part of the origin of the transverse perineal muscle; the ischiocavernosus muscle can be removed to expose the attachment point of the bulbospongiosus muscle and the origin of the transverse perineal muscle; the transverse perineal muscle can be removed to expose the ischial tuberosity of the pelvic floor bone and the origin of the anal sphincter. The anal sphincter can be removed to expose part of the structure of the inner pelvic floor muscle. The above technical solution effectively improves the visibility and teaching of the anatomical structure by implementing a layered and detachable design of the muscle module, enhances the intuitive understanding of the complex muscle and bone relationship of the pelvic floor, and improves the flexibility and efficiency of education and clinical practice.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment, the inner pelvic floor muscles used to maintain the pelvic floor function and support the pelvic organs include the coccygeal muscles, which are fixed to the pelvic floor bone part by bonding, and the superficial transverse perineal muscles and the deep transverse perineal muscles of the transverse perineal muscles are integrated by bonding. In addition, for some muscles that do not need to be disassembled frequently and will not block the muscles that control urination and defecation, they can be fixed to the pelvic floor bone part by bonding. In addition, for some muscles that are difficult to separate themselves, it can be considered to integrate the two muscles by bonding. Such a setting can realize the overall disassembly of the relevant muscles, thereby reducing the number of connectors and reducing the complexity of the teaching aids.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment, in the teaching aids for elderly men, the urethral sphincter includes an internal urethral sphincter and an external urethral sphincter. The internal urethral sphincter is located at the proximal end of the urethra and is connected to the external urethral sphincter. The external urethral sphincter is connected to the transverse perineal muscle and the ischiocavernosus muscle in the outer pelvic floor muscle. The structure of the urethral sphincter and its connection with the pelvic floor muscle group are consistent with the anatomical perspective, which enhances the medical staff's understanding of the urethral control mechanism and the synergistic effect of the pelvic floor muscles. This refined anatomical display helps to improve the diagnosis and treatment capabilities of urethral dysfunction and related pelvic floor diseases in medical education and clinical practice.

[0016] According to a preferred embodiment, in a teaching aid for elderly women, the urethral sphincter can be adjacent to the transverse perineal muscle in the outer pelvic floor muscles, the urethral detrusor muscle is located on the inner side of the urethral sphincter and connected to the urethral sphincter, and the urethrovaginal sphincter is indirectly connected to the bulbospongiosus muscle and the ischiocavernosus muscle in the outer pelvic floor muscles.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment, the coccygeus muscle is adjacent to the levator ani muscle, which starts from the ischium and eventually attaches to the lower part of the sacrum and coccyx. The main function of the coccygeus muscle is to help stabilize the coccyx and participate in the overall support of the pelvic floor. Under the synergistic action of the pelvic floor muscles, the coccygeus muscle helps to maintain the position of the pelvic organs and prevent the organs from sagging. In addition, it and the levator ani muscle together form the posterior wall of the pelvic floor. The two muscles are connected by fascia to form a continuous structure of the pelvic floor muscles.

[0018] According to a preferred embodiment, the teaching aid includes a pelvic organ part, which has different configurations in the elderly male teaching aid and the elderly female teaching aid, wherein in the elderly male teaching aid, the pelvic organ part includes the bladder, urethra, rectum, and prostate; in the elderly female teaching aid, the pelvic organ part includes the bladder, urethra, rectum, uterus, and vagina, and the end of the rectum is surrounded by an anal sphincter. In the elderly male teaching aid, the urethra is surrounded by a urethral sphincter and connected to the base of the bladder, and the prostate is located below the bladder and is passed through by the urethra; in the elderly female teaching aid, the urethral detrusor and urethral sphincter are located below the bladder, and the urethral vaginal sphincter spans between the urethra and the vagina.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment, the teaching aid includes a support part for supporting the pelvic floor structure, the support part includes a base, a lifting column, a rotating table and a clamp, the lifting column for height adjustment is installed on the base, a rotating table capable of rotation is arranged above the lifting column, and a clamp for fixing the pelvic floor structure is arranged on the surface of the rotating table. By designing a multifunctional support part, the flexibility and practicality of the teaching aid are improved. This design facilitates the adjustment of the display angle in different teaching and research scenarios, allowing medical staff to observe and understand the pelvic floor structure from multiple dimensions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer pelvic floor muscle of the elderly male model of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer pelvic floor muscle of the elderly female model of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the middle pelvic floor muscles of the elderly male model of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the middle pelvic floor muscles of the elderly female model of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inner pelvic floor muscle of the elderly male model of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inner pelvic floor muscles of the elderly female model of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the pelvic floor organ part of the elderly male model of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the pelvic floor organ part of the elderly female model of the utility model;

[0028] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the pelvic floor skeleton of the elderly male model of the utility model;

[0029] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the pelvic floor skeleton of the elderly female model of the utility model;

[0030] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the associated muscle part of the elderly male model of the utility model;

[0031] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the associated muscle part of the elderly female model of the utility model;

[0032] Fig.13 It is a structural schematic diagram of the bracket part of the utility model.

[0033] Reference numerals list

[0034] 100: pelvic floor bones; 101: ilium; 102: sacrum; 103: pubis; 104: ischium; 105: femur; 200: pelvic floor muscles; 210: outer pelvic floor muscles; 211: bulbospongiosus muscles; 212: ischiocavernosus muscles; 213: transverse perineal muscles; 214: anal sphincter; 220: middle pelvic floor muscles; 221: urethral sphincter; 222: urethral detrusor; 223: urethro-vaginal sphincter; 230: inner pelvic floor muscles; 231: coccygeal muscles; 232: levator ani muscles; 300: associated muscles; 310: abdominal muscles; 320: leg muscles; 330: back muscles; 400: pelvic floor organ parts; 401: bladder; 402: urethra; 403: rectum; 404: prostate; 405: uterus; 406: vagina; 500: support part; 501: base; 502: lifting column; 503: rotating table; 504: clamp. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The utility model is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0036] The utility model relates to a teaching aid for rehabilitation and nursing of the pelvic floor muscles and defecation-related muscles of the elderly, such as Figure 1 , Fig.11As shown, it includes a pelvic floor bone part 100, a pelvic floor muscle part 200, and an associated muscle part 300. The pelvic floor bone part 100 is the main body of the pelvic structure in the teaching aid, and is used to form a skeleton support for the pelvic structure; the pelvic floor muscle part 200 can be attached to the pelvic floor bone part 100, and has a multi-layer muscle structure related to the control of urination and defecation; the associated muscle part 300 involves rehabilitation training for pelvic floor dysfunction, such as urinary incontinence and defecation disorders, and includes leg muscles 320, abdominal muscles 310, and back muscles 330 attached to the pelvic floor bone part 100.

[0037] Preferably, if Fig. 9 , Fig.10 As shown, the pelvic floor skeleton 100 includes the ilium 101 and the sacrum 102 for forming the posterior wall of the pelvic floor, the pubic bone 103 for forming the anterior wall of the pelvic floor, and the ischium 104 located at the lower part of the pelvic floor. The four bones are connected to form a complete pelvic floor structure. In addition, the pelvic floor skeleton 100 also includes a femur 105 connected to the ilium 101. The pelvic floor skeleton 100 provides the necessary attachment points and structural support for the pelvic floor muscle part 200 and the associated muscle part 300, and is the main frame part of the teaching aid of the present utility model.

[0038] Preferably, if Figure 1 to Figure 6 As shown, the pelvic floor muscle part 200 attached to the pelvic floor skeleton part 100 has a three-layer muscle structure from outside to inside, which are the outer pelvic floor muscle 210, the middle pelvic floor muscle 220 and the inner pelvic floor muscle 230. The outer pelvic floor muscle 210 is an important part of the pelvic floor function. They are closely connected with the pelvic floor skeleton part 100 through a complex connection relationship, and jointly maintain the structural stability and functional integrity of the pelvic floor. The outer pelvic floor muscle 210 includes the bulbospongiosus muscle 211, the ischiocavernosus muscle 212, the transverse perineal muscle 213 and the anal sphincter 214, wherein the bulbospongiosus muscle 211 is located in the perineum, mainly attached to the root of the penis or clitoris, and extends backward to the location of the ischium 104 and the pubic bone 103, and its contraction helps urination control. The ischiocavernosus muscle 212 covers the spongy body of the penis or clitoris, and its starting point is located at the ischium 104, and the end point is attached to the root of the penis or clitoris, and its contraction is related to the stability of sexual function. The transverse perineal muscles 213 are a group of transversely distributed muscles, including the superficial transverse perineal muscles and the deep transverse perineal muscles that are merged together. They are located in the deep layer of the perineum, usually starting at the tuberosity of the ischium 104 and ending at the central tendon of the perineum. Their contraction helps to enhance the structural strength and support of the perineum. The anal sphincter 214 is a circle of muscles surrounding the anus, with its starting point and end point both on the skin and fascia around the anus. The anal sphincter 214 is not directly attached to the pelvic floor skeletal part 100, but plays a key role in defecation control through coordination with other muscles in the inner pelvic floor muscles 230.

[0039] Preferably, in the teaching aid of the present invention, various muscle modules can be made of highly elastic and durable materials, such as silicone or soft synthetic rubber, which can imitate the texture and elasticity of real muscles, and various muscle modules are set to be fixed in the corresponding position of the teaching aid by magnetic attraction or slot insertion. When a connection relationship needs to be established between muscles or between muscles and bones, these connections are all achieved by magnetic attraction or slot connection, and this type of connection method will not be repeated later. When magnetic attraction connection is adopted, the attachment point of each muscle module is built-in with a magnet, which is attracted to the metal sheet on the skeletal part of the teaching aid or other muscle modules to achieve fast and stable assembly. When disassembling, just pull it apart gently. When slot connection is adopted, precise slots are designed on the bones and muscle modules so that the muscle modules can be accurately inserted and fixed. When disassembling, the muscle module can be removed from the slot by gently lifting it. In addition, for some muscles that do not need to be frequently disassembled and will not block the muscles that control urination and defecation, such as the coccygeal muscle 231, its main function is to help stabilize the coccyx and participate in the overall support of the pelvic floor, which can be fixed to the pelvic floor bone part 100 by bonding. In addition, for some muscles that are difficult to separate, such as the transverse perineum muscle 213, which is composed of the superficial transverse perineum muscle and the deep transverse perineum muscle, these two muscles are difficult to disassemble independently. Therefore, it is possible to consider integrating the two muscles by bonding to achieve the overall disassembly of the transverse perineum muscle 213, thereby reducing the number of connectors and reducing the complexity of the teaching aids.

[0040] Preferably, if Figure 1 to Figure 6 As shown, when the bulbospongiosus muscle 211 in the outer pelvic floor muscle 210 is removed, the medical staff can see the starting point of the ischiocavernosus muscle 212 and part of the starting point of the transverse perineal muscle 213. After the ischiocavernosus muscle 212 is removed, the attachment point of the bulbospongiosus muscle 211 and the starting point of the transverse perineal muscle 213 will be more clearly visible. After the transverse perineal muscle 213 is removed, the ischial tuberosity 104 of the pelvic floor skeletal part 100 and the starting point of the anal sphincter 214 can be seen. After the anal sphincter 214 is removed, the structure of the anus will be completely exposed, and the structure of the inner pelvic floor muscle 230 can be clearly observed. The bulbospongiosus muscle 211 and the ischiocavernosus muscle 212 are adjacent to each other at the base of the penis or clitoris, but are not directly connected, and the relative position is maintained by the skeletal structure of the teaching aid. The transverse perineal muscle 213 partially overlaps with the ischiocavernosus muscle 212 and the bulbospongiosus muscle 211, and its lateral distribution position is maintained by the perineal area of ​​the teaching aid. The anal sphincter 214 is independent of the other muscles and maintains its circular distribution through the perianal area of ​​the teaching device.

[0041] Preferably, if Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown, the utility model can provide two different teaching aids for elderly men and elderly women, and these teaching aids differ at least in the configuration of the middle pelvic floor muscles 220. The middle pelvic floor muscles 220 not only support the pelvic organs, but also participate in controlling the function of the urethra 402. Although the middle pelvic floor muscles 220 are not directly attached to the pelvic floor skeleton 100, they are indirectly associated with the pelvic floor skeleton 100 through the close connection with the outer pelvic floor muscles 210.

[0042] Preferably, if Figure 1 to Figure 6 As shown, in the simulation teaching aid of the pelvic floor structure of elderly women, the middle pelvic floor muscle 220 includes a urethral sphincter 221, a urethral detrusor 222 and a urethral vaginal sphincter 223. Specifically, the urethral sphincter 221 is a group of muscles surrounding the urethra 402, which is mainly responsible for controlling the discharge of urine. The urethral sphincter 221 can be closely adjacent to the transverse perineal muscle 213 in the outer pelvic floor muscle 210, and the two are connected to each other by magnetic attraction or slots to jointly maintain the closed state of the urethra 402. The urethral detrusor 222 is located on the inner side of the urethral sphincter 221, which is mainly responsible for the discharge of urine. It is closely connected to the urethral sphincter 221, and the control of urine is achieved through synergy. The urethral vaginal sphincter 223 is a group of muscles located between the urethra 402 and the vagina 406, which is used to participate in the control of urine and the tightening of the vagina 406. The urethral vaginal sphincter 223 is indirectly connected to the bulbospongiosus muscle 211 and the ischiocavernosus muscle 212 in the outer pelvic floor muscle 210, and they interact with each other through the central tendon of the perineum and the surrounding connective tissue to jointly maintain the stability of the pelvic floor structure. In particular, when the urethral sphincter 221 module in the middle pelvic floor muscle 220 is removed, the starting point and attachment point of the urethral detrusor 222 and the urethral vaginal sphincter 223 will be more clearly visible, and after the urethral sphincter 221 module is installed, it will partially block the urethral detrusor 222, but most of the structure of the urethral vaginal sphincter 223 is still visible. After removing the urethral detrusor 222 module, the attachment point of the urethral sphincter 221 and the starting point of the urethral vaginal sphincter 223 will be clearer. When the urethral detrusor 222 module is installed, it is closely connected to the urethral sphincter 221, but will not block the urethral vaginal sphincter 223. After the urethral vaginal sphincter 223 module is removed, the origin and attachment points of the urethral sphincter 221 and the urethral detrusor 222 are completely exposed. When the urethral vaginal sphincter 223 is installed, it surrounds the urethra 402 and vagina 406 models, partially covering the urethral sphincter 221 and the urethral detrusor 222.

[0043] Preferably, if Figure 1 to Figure 6As shown, in the simulation teaching aid of the pelvic floor structure of the elderly male, the middle pelvic floor muscle 220 includes the urethral sphincter 221. Different from the simulation teaching aid of the pelvic floor of the elderly female, the urethral sphincter 221 in the simulation teaching aid of the pelvic floor of the elderly male includes the internal urethral sphincter and the external urethral sphincter. The internal urethral sphincter is located at the proximal end of the urethra 402 and is mainly composed of smooth muscle. The internal urethral sphincter is closely connected with the external urethral sphincter, and the two achieve control of urine through synergistic action. The external urethral sphincter is a group of striated muscles surrounding the distal end of the urethra 402. The external urethral sphincter is indirectly connected to the perineal transverse muscle 213 and the ischiocavernosus muscle 212 in the outer pelvic floor muscle 210, and they interact through the central tendon of the perineum and the surrounding connective tissue to jointly maintain the stability of the pelvic floor structure. When the internal urethral sphincter is removed, the origin and attachment points of the external urethral sphincter will be more clearly visible; when the internal urethral sphincter module is installed, it will partially block the external urethral sphincter, but most of the structure of the external urethral sphincter will still be visible. When the external urethral sphincter is removed, the attachment points of the internal urethral sphincter will be more clearly visible; when the external urethral sphincter module is installed, it is closely connected to the internal urethral sphincter but does not block the internal urethral sphincter.

[0044] Preferably, if Figure 1 to Figure 6 As shown, the inner pelvic floor muscle 230 is used to maintain the pelvic floor function and support the pelvic organs, and includes the coccygeus muscle 231 and the levator ani muscle 232. The coccygeus muscle 231 is closely related to the sacrum and coccyx 102, starting from the ischium 104 and attached to the lower part of the sacrum and coccyx 102, forming a solid connection with the pelvic floor bones. The levator ani muscle 232 is located in the deepest part of the pelvic cavity, starting from the pubic bone 103 and the ischium 104, attached to the coccyx and around the anus, and has a close connection with the sacrum and coccyx 102, the pubic bone 103 and the ischium 104.

[0045] Preferably, the teaching aid can be made of transparent or translucent materials to facilitate observation of the internal structure. For the pelvic floor muscle portion 200, transparent materials of different colors can be used to distinguish different muscle groups. For example, the urethral sphincter 221, the urethral detrusor 222 and the urethral vaginal sphincter 223 can use light-colored transparent materials, while the bulbospongiosus muscle 211, the ischiocavernosus muscle 212, the transverse perineal muscle 213 and the anal sphincter 214 can use dark-colored transparent materials. In addition, the detachable connection between muscles can help medical staff understand and learn the deep muscle structure in the teaching aid. Through such a configuration, the teaching aid can help medical staff understand the structure and function of the pelvic floor muscles. Further, in order to more realistically simulate the atrophy and relaxation of some muscles of the elderly, the teaching aid of the utility model is specially designed and modified for the key muscle groups that control the defecation function, such as the urethral sphincter 221, the urethral detrusor 222, the anal sphincter 214, etc. The atrophy and relaxation of these muscles may seriously affect defecation control. Based on the typical degeneration of the pelvic floor muscles in the elderly, this teaching aid adjusts the size and shape of some muscle modules to make them slightly smaller than the normal standard size to reflect the actual situation of muscle atrophy. At the same time, fine wrinkles or textures are added to the surface of the simulated muscle to simulate the appearance characteristics of the muscle when it is relaxed. In addition, materials with a lower elastic modulus are selected to manufacture muscle modules. This material can deform under the action of a small external force, effectively simulating the low tension characteristics of the muscle in a relaxed state. The teaching aid also includes standard modules with normal sizes and elastic moduli. By replacing muscle modules in the same area, medical staff can intuitively observe and compare the differences before and after muscle relaxation, thereby enhancing the application value of the teaching aid in teaching demonstrations.

[0046] Preferably, if Fig.11 , Fig.12 As shown, for the common urinary incontinence and defecation disorders of the elderly, the teaching aid of the present invention is designed with a corresponding associated muscle part 300. The associated muscle part 300 is related to the rehabilitation training of urination and defecation, including leg muscles 320, abdominal muscles 310 and back muscles 330. The leg muscles 320 refer to the muscles around the hip joint, for example, they may include the iliacus, psoas major, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, tensor fasciae latae, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, piriformis, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, pubis, adductor longus; abdominal muscles 310 are abdominal muscles, for example, they may include rectus abdominis and pyramidal muscles; back muscles 330 are back muscles, including latissimus dorsi, lumboiliac costalis, and longissimus pectoralis. In addition, the teaching aid is configured with a simulated skin layer and a simulated fat layer on the outer layer of the associated muscle part 300, and these tissues are tightly wrapped around the associated muscle part 300 to achieve its fixity and stability in the teaching aid structure.

[0047] Preferably, if Figure 7 , Figure 8As shown, the utility model includes a pelvic organ part 400, which has different configurations in two different teaching aids for elderly men and elderly women. Specifically, in the simulation teaching aid of the pelvic floor structure of elderly men, the pelvic organ part 400 includes a bladder 401, a urethra 402, a rectum 403, and a prostate 404, while in the simulation teaching aid of the pelvic floor structure of elderly women, the pelvic organ part 400 includes a bladder 401, a urethra 402, a rectum 403, a uterus 405, and a vagina 406. Specifically, the urethral sphincter 221 closely surrounds the urethra 402, is connected to the base of the bladder 401, and is responsible for maintaining the closure of the urethra 402. The urethral detrusor 222 works in conjunction with the urethral sphincter 221, is located below the bladder 401, and is used to support the bladder 401 and control the flow of urine. The urethral vaginal sphincter 223 is unique to the elderly female teaching aid, and it spans between the urethra 402 and the vagina 406. The anal sphincter 214 surrounds the end of the rectum 403. The prostate 404 is located below the bladder 401 and is passed through by the urethra 402.

[0048] Preferably, if Fig.13 As shown, the teaching aid of the present invention also introduces a height-adjustable and rotatable bracket part 500, which is used to support the teaching aid, including a base 501, a lifting column 502, a rotating table 503, and a clamp 504. The base 501 is firmly constructed to ensure the stability of the entire teaching aid and prevent the teaching aid from tipping over or sliding during the demonstration. The design of the base 501 also takes into account the effective use of space, so that the teaching aid can adapt to more usage scenarios, such as medical institutions or rehabilitation centers. The lifting column 502 is mounted on the base 501, and for example, a lifting structure including a threaded screw and a nut engaged therewith can be selected to achieve free height adjustment. This design enables the teaching aid to adapt to medical staff of different heights, ensuring that medical staff can use the teaching aid for demonstration or learning observation in the most comfortable and appropriate position. The rotating table 503 is located at the top of the lifting column 502, and is connected to the lifting column 502 through a bearing or a similar rotating mechanism, and can achieve 360-degree horizontal rotation. This function improves the flexibility and applicability of the teaching aid, allowing demonstrations to be performed from different angles for specific pelvic floor muscles. The clamp 504 is designed to fix the teaching aid on the rotating table 503. The design of the clamp 504 takes into account a wide range of compatibility and flexible adjustment capabilities, such as the optional use of a manually tightened clamp to meet the installation requirements of a stable and fixed teaching aid.

[0049] It should be noted that the above specific embodiments are exemplary, and those skilled in the art can come up with various solutions inspired by the disclosure of the utility model, and these solutions also belong to the disclosure scope of the utility model and fall within the protection scope of the utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that the utility model specification and its drawings are illustrative and do not constitute a limitation on the claims. The scope of protection of the utility model is defined by the claims and their equivalents. Throughout the text, the features guided by "preferably" are only an optional method and should not be understood as having to be set, so the applicant reserves the right to abandon or delete the relevant preferred features at any time.

Claims

1. A teaching aid for rehabilitation care of the pelvic floor muscles and defecation-related muscles of the elderly, characterized in that: The teaching aids include an elderly male teaching aid and an elderly female teaching aid, both of which include a pelvic floor bone portion (100) and a pelvic floor muscle portion (200) detachably connected thereto, the pelvic floor muscle portion (200) including a urethral sphincter (221) located in front of the pelvic floor bone portion (100) and an levator ani muscle (232) and anal sphincter (214) located below the pelvic floor bone portion (100), wherein: In the teaching aid for elderly men, the urethral sphincter (221) includes an internal urethral sphincter and an external urethral sphincter arranged outside the internal urethral sphincter; in the teaching aid for elderly women, the pelvic floor muscle portion (200) includes a urethral detrusor muscle (222) and a urethral vaginal sphincter (223) adjacent to the urethral sphincter (221). The teaching aid further comprises an associated muscle portion (300) provided with abdominal muscles (310), leg muscles (320) and back muscles (330); the associated muscle portion (300) can be detachably connected to the pelvic floor bone portions (100) of the two teaching aids as a whole.

2. The teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pelvic floor muscle portion (200) includes an outer pelvic floor muscle (210), a middle pelvic floor muscle (220) and an inner pelvic floor muscle (230) arranged in sequence from outside to inside, wherein the outer pelvic floor muscle (210) includes a bulbospongiosus muscle (211), a ischiocavernosus muscle (212), a transverse perineal muscle (213) and an anal sphincter (214), wherein the bulbospongiosus muscle (211) can extend toward the location of the ischium (104) and the pubic bone (103), the starting points of the ischiocavernosus muscle (212) and the transverse perineal muscle (213) are connected to the ischium (104), and the anal sphincter (214) is arranged around the anus.

3. The teaching aid according to claim 2, characterized in that: The muscle modules in the pelvic floor muscle section (200) and the associated muscle section (300) can establish a detachable connection relationship with other adjacent muscle modules or bones in a magnetic attraction or slot insertion manner.

4. The teaching aid according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bulbospongiosus muscle (211) can be removed to expose the starting point of the ischiocavernosus muscle (212) and part of the starting point of the transverse perineal muscle (213); the ischiocavernosus muscle (212) can be removed to expose the attachment point of the bulbospongiosus muscle (211) and the starting point of the transverse perineal muscle (213); the transverse perineal muscle (213) can be removed to expose the ischial (104) tuberosity of the pelvic floor skeletal part (100) and the starting point of the anal sphincter (214); the anal sphincter (214) can be removed to expose part of the structure of the inner pelvic floor muscle (230).

5. The teaching aid according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner pelvic floor muscles (230) for maintaining pelvic floor function and supporting pelvic organs include coccygeal muscles (231), which are fixed to the pelvic floor bone part (100) by bonding, and the superficial transverse perineum muscles and the deep transverse perineum muscles in the transverse perineum muscles (213) are integrated by bonding.

6. The teaching aid according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the teaching aid for elderly men, the urethral sphincter (221) includes an internal urethral sphincter and an external urethral sphincter. The internal urethral sphincter is located at the proximal end of the urethra (402) and is connected to the external urethral sphincter. The external urethral sphincter is connected to the transverse perineal muscle (213) and the ischiocavernosus muscle (212) in the outer pelvic floor muscle (210).

7. The teaching aid according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the teaching aid for elderly women, the urethral sphincter (221) can be adjacent to the transverse perineal muscle (213) in the outer pelvic floor muscle (210), the urethral detrusor muscle (222) is located on the inner side of the urethral sphincter (221) and is connected to the urethral sphincter (221), and the urethrovaginal sphincter (223) is indirectly connected to the bulbospongiosus muscle (211) and the ischiocavernosus muscle (212) in the outer pelvic floor muscle (210).

8. The teaching aid according to claim 5, characterized in that: The coccygeus muscle (231) is adjacent to the levator ani muscle (232), which originates from the ischium (104) and finally attaches to the lower part of the sacrum (102).

9. The teaching aid according to claim 8, characterized in that: The teaching aid comprises a pelvic floor organ section (400), and the pelvic floor organ section (400) has different configurations in the teaching aid for elderly men and the teaching aid for elderly women. In the teaching aid for elderly men, the pelvic floor organ section (400) comprises a bladder (401), a urethra (402), a rectum (403), and a prostate (404); in the teaching aid for elderly women, the pelvic floor organ section (400) comprises a bladder (401), a urethra (402), a rectum (403), a uterus (405), and a vagina (406), and the anal sphincter (214) surrounds the end of the rectum (403). In the teaching aid for elderly men, the urethra (402) surrounds the urethral sphincter (221) and is connected to the base of the bladder (401), and the prostate (404) is located below the bladder (401) and is passed through the urethra (402); in the teaching aid for elderly women, the urethral detrusor (222) and the urethral sphincter (221) are located below the bladder (401), and the urethrovaginal sphincter (223) spans between the urethra (402) and the vagina (406).

10. The teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The teaching aid comprises a support part (500) for supporting a pelvic floor structure, wherein the support part (500) comprises a base (501), a lifting column (502), a rotating table (503) and a clamp (504), wherein the lifting column (502) for height adjustment is mounted on the base (501), the rotating table (503) capable of rotating is arranged above the lifting column (502), and the clamp (504) for fixing the pelvic floor structure is arranged on the surface of the rotating table (503).

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