Tractor capable of adjusting channel caliber

Abstract

The utility model discloses a channel caliber adjustable retractor, including tubular part and adjusting component, be equipped with the operating cavity that allows surgical instrument to pass through in the tubular part, operating cavity's wall surface includes slide plate, mainboard and protective film, protective film's both ends respectively link the slide plate and mainboard, the adjusting component transmission connection slide plate and mainboard, and the operating cavity is equipped with the operating cavity. The size of the cross section of the operation cavity is changed through the relative movement of the sliding plate and the main plate. The main plate and the sliding plate are driven to move relatively through the adjusting assembly, so that the channel caliber of the tractor is changed, the adjusting assembly can be arranged to be of various different transmission structures, the structure is compact, implementation is easy, cost is low, and the adjusting assembly cannot enter human tissue. The operation cavity is expanded outwards through the adjusting assembly, traction devices of different sizes do not need to be replaced in the operation, the operation cavity can be evenly expanded outwards through the adjusting assembly after puncture reaches the lesion position, and damage to human tissue is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of medical devices, and particularly relates to a retractor with an adjustable channel diameter. Background Art

[0002] During surgeries (including hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, intracranial aneurysm, pituitary tumor biopsy, etc.), after accurately determining the cell lesion target point through a navigation or imaging system, a brain spatula or a tubular brain tissue retractor is required for the surgical operation to provide the doctor with the best surgical field exposure. However, the edges of traditional brain spatulas are sharp, and long-term retraction and inconsistent force control may cause problems of brain injury due to excessive retraction. The tubular tissue retractor can reach the lesion through the vertical surgical field at the shortest distance, minimize the retraction of brain tissue, and avoid passing through important structures at the same time. The tubular retractor can continuously and slowly expand the brain tissue in an arc to establish a surgical channel and provide surgical field exposure for the operation. When a larger surgical channel is required, a tubular retractor of a larger specification needs to be used for puncture to form a larger surgical channel. However, when operated by hand, the direction and magnitude of the applied force are not completely controllable and precise, which is likely to cause damage to human tissues, and the larger the surgical channel, the larger the damage range. Content of the Utility Model

[0003] Aiming at the above problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a retractor with an adjustable channel diameter. By driving the main board and the sliding board to move relative to each other through an adjusting component, the channel diameter of the retractor and the size of the cross-section of the operation cavity are changed. The adjusting component can be set as various different transmission structures, which are compact in structure, will not significantly increase the volume of the retractor, are easy to implement, have low cost, will not enter human tissues, and do not affect the puncture of the tubular part and the formation of the surgical channel. The space of the retractor occupied by the protective film is very small and does not affect the function and compactness of the overall structure of the retractor. By means of the adjusting component, the operation cavity is expanded outwards. During the operation, there is no need to replace retractors of different sizes. After puncturing to reach the lesion position, the operation cavity can be evenly expanded outwards through the adjusting component, reducing human tissue damage.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is as follows:

[0005] A retractor with an adjustable channel diameter, comprising a tubular part and an adjusting component. An operation cavity for surgical instruments to pass through is arranged inside the tubular part. The wall surface of the operation cavity includes a sliding board, a main board, and a protective film. The two ends of the protective film are respectively connected to the sliding board and the main board. The adjusting component is in transmission connection with the sliding board and the main board to make the sliding board and the main board move relative to each other, and the cross-sectional size of the operation cavity is changed through the relative movement of the sliding board and the main board.

[0006] As a further improvement of the above technical solution:

[0007] The retractor further includes a main board seat and a slide board seat. The upper end of the main board is connected to the main board seat, and the lower end extends. The upper end of the slide board is connected to the slide board seat, and the lower end extends. The adjusting assembly is installed on the main board seat and the slide board seat.

[0008] The adjusting assembly is a gear-rack transmission structure, a parallel sliding structure or a screw transmission structure. The gear-rack transmission structure drives the relative movement of the main board seat and the slide board seat through the meshing of a gear and a rack. The screw transmission structure drives the relative movement of the main board seat and the slide board seat by rotating a bolt into different depths of a screw hole and self-locking. The parallel sliding structure realizes the relative movement and fixation of the main board seat and the slide board seat by setting the main board seat and the slide board seat as a structure meshing through teeth and tooth grooves.

[0009] The adjusting assembly is a gear-rack transmission structure. The gear-rack transmission structure includes a rack and a gear. The rack is fixedly installed on the slide board seat, and the gear is rotatably installed on the main board seat. The rack and the gear are meshed, and the relative movement of the rack and the slide board seat relative to the main board seat is driven by driving the gear to rotate self.

[0010] The gear-rack transmission structure further includes a transmission handle, an O-ring and a transmission cover. The gear and the transmission handle are coaxially connected through a connecting shaft. The transmission cover is arranged on the main board seat and covers the gear. The O-ring is sleeved outside the connecting shaft. The transmission cover pre-presses the O-ring onto the main board seat so that when the connecting shaft and the main board seat rotate relatively, the frictional force generated by the O-ring needs to be overcome.

[0011] A groove is provided on the main board seat. On the two opposite side walls in the groove, there are respectively a row of tooth grooves. Two clamping blocks are provided on the slide board seat. The two clamping blocks are in the same plane and there is a gap between the two clamping blocks. One end of the clamping block is connected to the slide board seat and the other end extends. The connection part between the clamping block and the slide board seat allows elastic deformation within a set range. At least one tooth is provided on each of the two clamping blocks. The teeth on each clamping block are arranged on the side away from the other clamping block. The two clamping blocks can be clamped into the groove on the main board seat, and the teeth on the two clamping blocks can be respectively meshed with the two rows of tooth grooves on the main board seat. By pulling or pushing the two clamping blocks, the relative movement of the two clamping blocks relative to the main board seat is driven. When moving, the teeth on the clamping blocks are sequentially clamped into the respective tooth grooves on the main board seat. The relative movement between the clamping block and the main board seat forms a parallel sliding structure.

[0012] The adjusting assembly is a screw transmission structure. The screw transmission structure includes a screw rod and a fixed cover. A screw hole is provided on the slide board seat. The length direction of the screw hole is perpendicular to the length direction of the slide board. The screw rod is rotatably installed on the main board seat. The screw rod is limited on the main board seat through the fixed cover. The screw rod is coaxially connected with an adjusting handle. The screw rod can be screwed into the screw hole and self-lock. The screw rod extends into the screw hole from the end of the screw hole away from the main board. The relative movement of the main board and the slide board is driven by rotating the adjusting handle.

[0013] The protective film changes the cross-sectional size of the operation cavity by stretching and contracting itself elastically to change its area, or by changing the overlapping area between the protective film and other parts of the operation cavity wall surface.

[0014] The retractor further includes a buckle plate. The buckle plate and the sliding plate can be spliced into a tubular structure. The main board is located in the tubular structure. The buckle plate and the main board are relatively fixed. There are two protective films. The main board, the protective film and the buckle plate can be sequentially contacted and attached. The two protective films are respectively connected to both ends in the circumferential direction of the sliding plate. One end of the protective film is connected to the sliding plate, and the other end is slidably arranged in the gap between the main board and the buckle plate.

[0015] The protective film is elastic. There is one protective film. The protective film can be stretched and contracted. One end of the protective film is connected to one end of the sliding plate, and the other end is connected to the other end of the sliding plate after bypassing the convex side of the main board.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

[0017] (1) By driving the relative movement of the main board and the sliding plate through the adjusting component, the channel diameter of the retractor and the size of the cross-section of the operation cavity are changed. The adjusting component can be set to a variety of different transmission structures, with a compact structure, not significantly increasing the volume of the retractor, easy to implement, low cost, not entering human tissues, and not affecting the puncture of the tubular part and the formation of the surgical channel.

[0018] (2) By setting the protective film, the cross-sectional size of the operation cavity is adjustable. When the retractor is in the closed state, the proportion of the protective film in the operation cavity wall surface is zero. The protective film can be attached to the main board. When the protective film is rigid, it can be set as an arc-shaped plate structure and can slide into the gap between the main board and the buckle plate. When the protective film is elastic, it can be wound around the outer surface of the main board. Whether it is rigid or elastic, the protective film in this solution occupies very little space of the retractor and does not affect the function and compactness of the overall structure of the retractor.

[0019] (3) By the adjusting component, the operation cavity is expanded outwards. On the one hand, multiple size conversions can be realized by one device, avoiding the need to replace tubular retractors of different sizes during the operation, that is, there is no need to replace the retractors of different sizes during the operation, saving costs and reducing the surgical operation steps. On the other hand, during the operation, the puncture can be carried out first when the retractor is in the closed state (i.e., the minimum cross-section of the operation cavity). At this time, the formed surgical channel is smaller, and then the expansion power is transmitted through the adjusting component to realize the uniform expansion of the operation cavity, that is, after the puncture reaches the lesion position, the operation cavity is uniformly expanded outwards through the adjusting component. Compared with directly using a retractor with a large cross-section for puncture, the puncture difficulty is reduced, and the damage to human tissues is reduced. For surgeries related to sensitive brain tissues, the probability of other complications and sequelae of the patient is greatly reduced.

[0020] (4) The same retractor is applicable to the requirements of different surgical channels and can be applied to minimally invasive intracranial surgery, minimally invasive abdominal laparoscopic surgery, renal pelvic tumor surgery, minimally invasive lithotripsy surgery, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present utility model.

[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the closed state of Embodiment 1 of the present utility model.

[0023] Figure 3 is Figure 2 an enlarged schematic diagram of part A of

[0024] Figure 4 is an exploded structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present utility model.

[0025] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another perspective of Embodiment 1 of the present utility model.

[0026] Figure 6 is Figure 5 an enlarged schematic diagram of part B of

[0027] Figure 7 is Figure 5 an assembly schematic diagram of part B of

[0028] Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the open state of Embodiment 1 of the present utility model.

[0029] Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the open state of Embodiment 2 of the present utility model.

[0030] Figure 10 is Figure 9 an enlarged schematic diagram of part D of

[0031] Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present utility model.

[0032] Figure 12 is an exploded structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present utility model.

[0033] Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the closed state of Embodiment 3 of the present utility model.

[0034] Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the open state of Embodiment 3 of the present utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0035] The following is a detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present utility model in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for the purpose of illustrating and explaining the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the present utility model.

[0036] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above", "over", "on the upper surface", "upper" etc. may be used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of one device or feature to another device or feature as shown in the figures. It should be understood that the spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is inverted, a device described as "above" or "over" other devices or structures will then be positioned "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both the orientations of "above" and "below". The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and corresponding interpretations of the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be made.

[0037] Embodiment 1

[0038] A retractor with an adjustable channel diameter, as Figure 1 shown, is used in cooperation with a dilating cannula. The dilating cannula is detachably passed through and mounted on the retractor. The dilating cannula is used to puncture human tissues and form a surgical channel. After the surgical channel is formed, the dilating cannula is removed, and the retractor remains in the human tissues to maintain the surgical channel, and surgical instruments pass through the surgical channel for surgery.

[0039] The retractor, as Figure 1 and 4 shown, includes a tubular part 1, a main board 2, a pressing strip 3, an endoscope connector 4, an injection connector 5, a main board seat 8, a buckle seat 7, a slide board seat 6 and an adjusting assembly.

[0040] Three mutually independent and non - communicating channels are provided inside the tubular part 1, namely an endoscope cavity 11, an injection cavity 12 and an operation cavity 13, as Figure 2 and 3 shown. Among them, the sizes of the injection cavity 12 and the endoscope cavity 11 are fixed, that is, the cross - sectional areas and lengths of the injection cavity 12 and the endoscope cavity 11 are fixed. The length of the operation cavity 13 is unchanged and the size is adjustable.

[0041] The tubular part 1 is formed by a slide plate 14, a clamping plate 15 and a protective film 16. The main board 2, the clamping plate 15, the protective film 16 and the slide plate 14 are all curved panel structures. The clamping plate 15 and the slide plate 14 can be spliced into a tubular structure, and the splicing surface is parallel to the central axis direction of the tubular structure, that is, the length direction. Preferably, the cross-section of the tubular structure is an ellipse, and the cross-section is perpendicular to the length direction of the tubular structure. The clamping plate 15 and the slide plate 14 are symmetrical to each other. The main board 2 and the protective film 16 are located in the inner cavity of the tubular structure formed by splicing the clamping plate 15 and the slide plate 14.

[0042] On the concave side of the main board 2, an endoscope cavity 11 and an injection cavity 12 are connected. As Figure 2 and 3 shown, the endoscope cavity 11 and the injection cavity 12 are formed by tubular components connected to the main board 2. The two through holes of the tubular components are respectively the endoscope cavity 11 and the injection cavity 12. The endoscope cavity 11 and the injection cavity 12 are not connected. The length directions of the endoscope cavity 11 and the injection cavity 12 are both parallel to the length direction of the main board 2. The endoscope cavity 11 is used for the endoscope to pass through. The injection cavity 12 is used for the injection drug or cleaning water to pass through, so that the surgeon can inject physiological saline for cleaning to have a clean surgical field during the operation and clarify the bleeding point.

[0043] The endoscope cavity 11 and the injection cavity 12 can be set to a variety of different specifications. Preferably, the maximum diameter of the endoscope that can pass through the endoscope cavity 11 is 1 mm to 5 mm. The aperture of the injection cavity 12 is 0.1 mm to 5 mm. Different wide-angle functions or different maximum observation ranges of the endoscope can be adopted in the endoscope cavity 11. Preferably, the maximum observation range of the endoscope is 30° to 120°. With a wide observation range, the craniotomy range can be reduced, and excessive exposure of the surgical field can be avoided.

[0044] Based on the above structure, the retractor forms a three-chamber channel. The three channels are independent of each other, do not communicate with each other, and do not interfere with each other. The three channels are respectively the endoscope cavity 11, the injection cavity 12 and the operation cavity 13. The operation cavity 13 is a channel formed by the main board 2, the slide plate 14 and two protective films 16. The surgical instruments work independently in the operation cavity 13, avoiding interference between surgical instruments. The endoscope in the endoscope cavity 11 is installed in the independent endoscope cavity 11. The surgeon can operate the surgical instruments passing through the operation cavity 13 with both hands by himself, rather than operating with one hand or relying on an assistant to hold the endoscope.

[0045] The size of the operation cavity 13 is adjustable. Specifically, the area of its cross-section is adjustable to meet the requirements of different sizes of surgical channels and adapt to the entry of surgical instruments of different sizes. The adjustability of the size of the operation cavity 13 is achieved by setting the protective film 16.

[0046] There are two protective films 16, and the main board 2, the protective film 16 and the buckle plate 15 can be in contact and fit in sequence. Preferably, the main board 2, the protective film 16 and the buckle plate 15 are in contact and fit in sequence to form a three-layer structure. The two protective films 16 are located in the same layer without overlapping. That is, the concave side of the protective film 16 is in contact with the convex side of the main board 2, and the convex side of the protective film 16 is in contact with the concave side of the buckle plate 15. In other words, the cross-section of the main board 2 is curved. This cross-section is perpendicular to the length direction of the main board 2, and the length of this curved shape is not greater than the length of the curved shape of the cross-section of the buckle plate 15.

[0047] The two protective films 16 are respectively connected to the two ends of the circumference of the slide plate 14 through two pressure bars 3. One end of the circumference of the protective film 16 is connected to the slide plate 14 through the pressure bar 3, and the other end is slidably arranged in the gap between the main board 2 and the buckle plate 15. The buckle plate 15 and the main board 2 are relatively fixed, and the slide plate 14 and the main board 2 can move closer to or away from each other.

[0048] Specifically, the two pressure bars 3 are installed on the concave side of the slide plate 14. Preferably, the two pressure bars 3 are respectively close to the two edges of the slide plate 14. The length direction of the pressure bar 3 is parallel to the length direction of the slide plate 14, and the two end portions of the length direction of the pressure bar 3 do not exceed the two end portions of the length direction of the slide plate 14 respectively. The two protective films 16 are respectively connected to the two pressure bars 3. Specifically, the length direction of the protective film 16 is parallel to the length direction of the pressure bar 3. A plurality of through holes are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the pressure bar 3, and the protective film 16 and the pressure bar 3 are connected together through fixing parts passing through the through holes on the protective film 16 and the pressure bar 3.

[0049] The upper end of the main board 2 in the length direction is connected to the main board seat 8, and the lower end extends. The upper end of the buckle plate 15 is connected to the buckle plate seat 7, and the lower end extends. There are scales on the outer surface of the buckle plate 15 marking its length. The upper end of the slide plate 14 is connected to the slide plate seat 6, and the lower end extends. The buckle plate seat 7 and the main board seat 8 can be connected together by snap-fastening, so that the main board 2 and the buckle plate 15 are relatively fixed. After connection, the curved surfaces of the main board 2 and the buckle plate 15 face the same direction, and there is a gap between the main board 2 and the buckle plate 15 for accommodating the protective film 16, and the protective film 16 can slide in this gap. There is an injection joint 5 and an endoscope joint 4 on the main board seat 8. The injection joint 5 is communicated with the injection cavity 12, and the operator can inject medicine or cleaning water into the injection cavity 12 through the injection joint 5. The endoscope joint 4 is used to connect the endoscope in the endoscope cavity 11 with external equipment.

[0050] The adjustment component is manually operated, and the adjustment component drives the slide plate 14 and the main board 2 to move relative to each other, so that the slide plate 14 moves in a direction close to or away from the main board 2. The slide plate 14 and the main board 2 can be close to each other until the two ends of the slide plate 14 in the circumference are in contact with the two ends of the buckle plate 15 in the circumference, respectively. At this time, the tubular portion 1 is surrounded by the slide plate 14 and the buckle plate 15, and the wall surface of the operating cavity 13 is surrounded by the slide plate 14 and the main board 2. It is assumed that this is a closed state. The slide plate 14 and the main board 2 can be moved away from each other until the protective film 16 is at least partially pulled out of the gap between the main board 2 and the buckle plate 15. At this time, one end of the slide plate 14 in the circumference, one protective film 16, the main board 2, another protective film 16, and the other end of the slide plate 14 in the circumference are connected in sequence and surround the wall surface of the operating cavity 13. It is assumed that this is an open state. Figure 8 As shown. Obviously, in the closed state, the cross-sectional size of the operating cavity 13 is fixed and unique; in the open state, the cross-sectional size of the operating cavity 13 may be different, depending on the specific position of the protective film 16. The protective film 16 cannot completely detach from the gap between the main board 2 and the buckle plate 15, that is, in the open state, the cross-sectional size of the operating cavity 13 has a maximum value. The protective film 16 can be prevented from detaching from the gap between the main board 2 and the buckle plate 15 by limiting the moving range between the slide seat 6 and the main board seat 8 through a mechanical limiter. In the open state, the protective film 16 can prevent human tissue (such as brain tissue) at the surgical site from entering the operating cavity 13.

[0051] The protective film 16 is made of materials such as PC, PVC, PET, silica gel or rubber, and has a certain strength.

[0052] In this embodiment, the adjustment component is a gear rack transmission structure, such as Figures 4 - 7As shown in the figure, the rack and pinion transmission structure includes a transmission handle 91, an O-ring 92, a transmission cover 93, a rack 94, and a pinion 95. The rack 94 is fixedly installed on the slide plate seat 6, and the length direction of the rack 94 is perpendicular to the length direction of the slide plate 14. The pinion 95 is rotatably installed on the main board seat 8, and the rack 94 meshes with the pinion 95. The pinion 95 and the transmission handle 91 are coaxially connected by a connecting shaft 96. When a person rotates the transmission handle 91, the transmission handle 91 drives the pinion 95 to rotate synchronously. The pinion 95 drives the rack 94 engaged with it to move along the length direction of the rack 94. The rack 94 drives the slide plate seat 6 to move synchronously, so that the slide plate 14 and the main board 2 move relatively closer or farther away. Thus, the rotational motion of the transmission handle 91 is converted into the linear motion of the slide plate 14. Further, the transmission cover 93 is arranged on the main board seat 8 and covers the outside of the pinion 95 to protect the pinion 95. The O-ring 92 is located between the transmission cover 93 and the connecting shaft 96. The transmission cover 93 pre-presses the O-ring 92 and is assembled onto the main board seat 8 to generate a large frictional force, so that the slide plate 14 and the main board 2 achieve damping positioning. That is, due to the damping effect of the O-ring 92, the relative movement of the slide plate 14 and the main board 2 can only be realized under a certain external force, preventing the relative movement of the slide plate 14 and the main board 2 caused by accidental collision.

[0053] In this embodiment, the maximum distance that the slide plate 14 can move relative to the main board 2 is 5 mm to 30 mm. Further, the transmission handle 91 is provided with scales to mark the state of the retractor at this time, so as to indirectly obtain the size of the cross-section of the operation cavity 13.

[0054] In this embodiment, the slide plate 14, the buckle plate 15, the protective film 16, and the main board 2 have the same length, and their two ends are flush with each other. Multiple buckle plates 15 with different length specifications can be set. Preferably, the length of the buckle plate 15 can be set to 30 mm to 90 mm.

[0055] As can be seen from the above, in this solution, the cross-sectional size of the operation cavity 13 is adjustable, and the operation cavity 13 is expanded outward or reduced inward through the adjustment assembly. Since the original driving force of the human hand is transmitted through the adjustment assembly, the adjustment assembly finally converts the original driving force of the human hand into the relative linear movement of the main board 2 and the slide plate 14. The moving direction is perpendicular to the length directions of the main board 2 and the slide plate 14. This moving direction is determined and is not affected by the direction and magnitude of the human hand force. Therefore, when the operation cavity 13 expands outward, it can expand evenly outward, that is, the main board 2 and the slide plate 14 move linearly and smoothly, and the moving direction is always perpendicular to the length directions of the main board 2 and the slide plate 14.

[0056] The above-mentioned feature of the adjustable cross-section of the operation cavity 13 has two advantages: on the one hand, various size conversions can be achieved through one device, avoiding the need to replace tubular retractors of different sizes during the operation, that is, there is no need to replace the retractors of different sizes during the operation. Specifically, there is no need to pull out the retractor inserted into the human body and re-insert a larger-sized retractor. Only by adjusting the cross-sectional size of the operation cavity 13 through the adjustment component can it be achieved. On the other hand, during the operation, puncture can be performed first when the retractor is in the closed state (i.e., the minimum cross-section of the operation cavity 13). At this time, the formed surgical channel is smaller, and then the cross-section of the operation cavity 13 is enlarged through the adjustment component. That is, after puncturing to reach the lesion location, the operation cavity 13 is evenly expanded outward through the adjustment component. Since the main board 2 and the sliding board 14 move smoothly relative to each other, the operation cavity 13 can be evenly expanded when expanding outward. Compared with directly puncturing with a large-sized retractor to directly obtain a large surgical channel, this reduces human tissue damage. For brain tissue-related surgeries, this greatly reduces the probability of sequelae, other complications, and injuries to patients. If directly puncturing with a large-sized retractor, due to the direction and magnitude of the human hand force not being completely controllable, it is easier to damage the brain tissue.

[0057] Embodiment 2

[0058] Different from Embodiment 1, the adjustment component in this embodiment is a parallel sliding structure. As Figure 9 and 10 shown, a groove is provided on the main board seat 8, and a row of tooth grooves 94' are provided on each of the two opposite side walls in the groove. Two clamping blocks 92' are provided on the sliding board seat 6. The two clamping blocks 92' are located in the same plane and there is a gap between the two clamping blocks 92'. One end of the clamping block 92' is connected to the sliding board seat 6 and the other end extends. The connection between the clamping block 92' and the sliding board seat 6 allows a certain elastic deformation, so that the two clamping blocks 92' can move relative to each other within a certain range. A handle 93' is connected to the extending end of the clamping block 92'. At least one tooth 91' is provided on each of the two clamping blocks 92', and the teeth 91' on each clamping block 92' are arranged on the side away from the other clamping block 92'. The two clamping blocks 92' can be inserted into the groove on the main board seat 8, and the teeth 91' on the two clamping blocks 92' can be respectively engaged with the two rows of tooth grooves 94' on the main board seat 8, that is, the teeth 91' on the clamping block 92' are inserted into one tooth groove 94' on the main board seat 8. When pulling or pushing the handle 93', the two clamping blocks 92' are driven to move step by step relative to the main board seat 8. During the movement, the teeth 91' on the clamping block 92' can be sequentially inserted into the respective tooth grooves 94' on the main board seat 8 and fixed there without external force. The clamping block 92' drives the sliding board 14 to move synchronously, realizing the relative movement between the sliding board 14 and the main board 2.

[0059] Preferably, scales can be marked on the main board seat 8 to read the relative position of the sliding board 14 and the main board 2 at this time, and indirectly obtain the cross-sectional size of the operation cavity 13 at this time.

[0060] As described above, by pulling the handle 93' of the slide plate base 6, the teeth 91' on the clamping block 92' engage with different slots on the main board base 8 to achieve the opening and closing actions, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the opening and closing size.

[0061] Embodiment Three

[0062] Different from Embodiment One, the adjustment component in this embodiment is a screw drive structure. As Figures 11 - 14 shown, the screw drive structure includes a screw rod 91" and a fixed cover 93", etc. A threaded hole 94" is provided on the slide plate base 6, and the length direction of the threaded hole 94" is perpendicular to the length direction of the slide plate 14. The screw rod 91" is rotatably installed on the main board base 8, and the screw rod 91" is limited on the main board base 8 by the fixed cover 93". The screw rod 91" and the adjustment handle 92" are coaxially connected. The screw rod 91" can be screwed onto the threaded hole 94" and self-lock. The screw rod 91" extends into the threaded hole 94" from the end of the threaded hole 94" far away from the main board 2. When the adjustment handle 92" is rotated, the screw rod 91" moves along the length direction of the threaded hole 94", driving the slide plate 14 and the main board 2 to move relatively. The operation cavity 13 can be adjusted to any size within the design range and self-locked and fixed through the adjustment handle 92". Specifically, when the depth of the screw rod 91" screwed into the threaded hole 94" gradually increases, the retractor changes from the closed state to the open state, and the cross-sectional area of the operation cavity 13 gradually increases.

[0063] Embodiment Four

[0064] Different from Embodiments One, Two, and Three, in this embodiment, there is one protective film 16 instead of two. The protective film 16 is elastic and can be stretched and contracted.

[0065] In this embodiment, the protective film 16 is made of silica gel, rubber, etc.

[0066] In this embodiment, one end of the protective film 16 is connected to a pressure bar 3, and the other end is connected to another pressure bar 3 after bypassing the gap between the main board 2 and the buckle plate 15. Alternatively, one end of the protective film 16 is connected to a pressure bar 3, and the other end is connected to another pressure bar 3 after bypassing the outer surface of the buckle plate 15.

[0067] In this embodiment, when the operation adjustment component moves the slide plate 14 in the direction away from the main board 2, the protective film 16 is stretched due to its own elasticity, realizing the adjustability of the cross-sectional size of the operation cavity 13.

[0068] Finally, it is necessary to state here that: The above embodiments are only used to further illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention in detail, and cannot be understood as a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Some non-essential improvements and adjustments made by those skilled in the art based on the above content of the present invention all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A retractor with adjustable channel diameter, characterized in that: The invention comprises a tubular portion (1) and an adjustment component. An operation cavity (13) for a surgical instrument to pass through is arranged in the tubular portion (1). The wall surface of the operation cavity (13) comprises a slide plate (14), a main plate (2) and a protective film (16). The two ends of the protective film (16) are respectively connected to the slide plate (14) and the main plate (2). The adjustment component is connected to the slide plate (14) and the main plate (2) by transmission so that the slide plate (14) and the main plate (2) can move relative to each other. The cross-sectional size of the operation cavity (13) can be changed by the relative movement of the slide plate (14) and the main plate (2).

2. The retractor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The retractor also includes a main board seat (8) and a slide board seat (6); the upper end of the main board (2) is connected to the main board seat (8) and the lower end is cantilevered; the upper end of the slide board (14) is connected to the slide board seat (6) and the lower end is cantilevered; the adjustment component is installed on the main board seat (8) and the slide board seat (6).

3. The retractor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly is a gear rack transmission structure or a parallel sliding structure or a threaded transmission structure. The gear rack transmission structure drives the main plate seat (8) and the slide plate seat (6) to move relative to each other through the meshing of the gear and the rack. The threaded transmission structure drives the main plate seat (8) and the slide plate seat (6) to move relative to each other through the self-locking by rotating the bolt into the screw hole to different depths. The parallel sliding structure realizes the relative movement and fixation of the main plate seat (8) and the slide plate seat (6) by setting the main plate seat (8) and the slide plate seat (6) to a structure in which teeth and tooth grooves mesh.

4. The retractor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly is a gear rack transmission structure, which comprises a rack (94) and a gear (95), wherein the rack (94) is fixedly mounted on the slide seat (6), and the gear (95) is rotatably mounted on the main plate seat (8), and the rack (94) and the gear (95) are meshed with each other, and the gear (95) is driven to rotate to drive the rack (94) and the slide seat (6) to move relative to the main plate seat (8).

5. The retractor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The gear rack transmission structure further comprises a transmission handle (91), an O-ring (92) and a transmission protective cover (93); the gear (95) and the transmission handle (91) are coaxially connected via a connecting shaft (96); the transmission protective cover (93) is arranged on the main board seat (8) and covers the outside of the gear (95); the O-ring (92) is sleeved outside the connecting shaft (96); the transmission protective cover (93) pre-presses the O-ring (92) onto the main board seat (8) so that when the connecting shaft (96) and the main board seat (8) rotate relative to each other, the friction force generated by the O-ring (92) needs to be overcome.

6. The retractor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The main board seat (8) is provided with a groove, and two opposite side walls in the groove are each provided with a row of tooth grooves (94'). The slide plate seat (6) is provided with two clamping blocks (92'), the two clamping blocks (92') are located in the same plane, and there is a gap between the two clamping blocks (92'). One end of the clamping block (92') is connected to the slide plate seat (6) and the other end is cantilevered. The connection between the clamping block (92') and the slide plate seat (6) allows elastic deformation within a set range. The two clamping blocks (92') are each provided with at least one tooth (91'), and the tooth (91') on each clamping block (92') is arranged away from the slide plate seat (6). On one side of the other card block (92'), the two card blocks (92') can be inserted into the grooves on the main board seat (8), and the teeth (91') on the two card blocks (92') can respectively mesh with the two rows of tooth grooves (94') on the main board seat (8). By pulling or pushing the two card blocks (92'), the two card blocks (92') are driven to move relative to the main board seat (8). When moving, the teeth (91') on the card blocks (92') are sequentially inserted into the respective tooth grooves (94') on the main board seat (8), and the relative movement of the card blocks (92') and the main board seat (8) forms a parallel sliding structure.

7. The retractor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adjustment component is a threaded transmission structure, which includes a screw (91") and a fixed cover (93"). A screw hole (94") is provided on the slide seat (6). The length direction of the screw hole (94") is perpendicular to the length direction of the slide plate (14). A screw (91") is rotatably mounted on the main board seat (8). The screw (91") is limited on the main board seat (8) by the fixed cover (93"), and the screw (91") and the adjustment handle (92") are coaxially connected. The screw (91") can be screwed on the screw hole (94") and self-locked. The screw (91") extends into the screw hole (94") from the end of the screw hole (94") away from the main board (2), and the main board (2) and the slide plate (14) are driven to move relative to each other by rotating the adjustment handle (92").

8. The retractor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The protective film (16) changes its area through its own elastic expansion and contraction, thereby changing the cross-sectional size of the operating chamber (13), or changes the cross-sectional size of the operating chamber (13) by changing the overlapping area of ​​the protective film (16) and other parts of the wall surface of the operating chamber (13).

9. The retractor according to claim 8, characterized in that: The retractor also includes a gusset plate (15), which can be spliced ​​with the slide plate (14) to form a tubular structure. The main board (2) is located in the tubular structure. The gusset plate (15) and the main board (2) are relatively fixed. Two protective films (16) are provided. The main board (2), the protective film (16) and the gusset plate (15) can contact and fit in sequence. The two protective films (16) are respectively connected to the two ends of the slide plate (14) in the circumferential direction. One end of the protective film (16) is connected to the slide plate (14), and the other end is slidably arranged in the gap between the main board (2) and the gusset plate (15).

10. The retractor according to claim 8, characterized in that: The protective film (16) is elastic and has one sheet. The protective film (16) can be stretched and shrunk. One end of the protective film (16) is connected to one end of the slide plate (14), and the other end of the protective film (16) is connected to the other end of the slide plate (14) after passing around one side of the convex surface of the main board (2).

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