Trachea cannula assembly for preventing respirator-associated pneumonia
By designing a double-bag mode endotracheal tube assembly and pH sensor monitoring, the invasion of secretions and pathogens is prevented, the problem of ventilator-associated pneumonia is solved, and the incidence and nursing costs are reduced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422036380.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-12
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing endotracheal tubes are prone to causing ventilator-associated pneumonia during use, and existing protective measures are ineffective, increasing nursing workload and patient mortality.
A double-balloon endotracheal tube assembly was designed, which combined a pH sensor and a cannula structure. The double-balloon prevented the invasion of secretions and pathogens, and the suction hole and pH sensor were used to monitor the pH value of subglottic retention, allowing timely suction of the retained material to prevent descending infection.
It effectively reduces the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, reduces nursing costs, improves patient prognosis, and reduces the workload of medical staff.
Smart Images
Figure CN223323873U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to a tracheal intubation assembly for protecting against ventilator-associated pneumonia, belonging to the field of ventilator tracheal intubation devices. Background Art
[0002] Mechanical ventilation is an important treatment for critically ill patients. Endotracheal intubation (also known as endotracheal tube) is a common, rapid, and effective method for establishing an artificial airway. Currently available endotracheal tubes typically consist of a tube body with a connector at the top for mechanical connection to a ventilator and an airbag near the bottom. The airbag is connected to an inflation connector with a one-way inflation valve via an inflation line. During use, the endotracheal tube is inserted into the airway. Once properly positioned, a syringe (with the needle removed) is connected to the inflation connector to inflate the airbag, securing the tube in place. The ventilator is then connected to the connector to establish an artificial airway and initiate mechanical ventilation. However, practical implementation has shown that the establishment of an artificial airway disrupts the normal defenses of the human respiratory tract, especially in patients undergoing orotracheal intubation. The oral cavity is often open, and its self-cleaning ability is reduced, allowing a large number of bacteria to grow and multiply in the oral cavity. Oropharyngeal secretions are difficult to clear, and bacteria migrate downward and remain trapped in the glottic space. Furthermore, the body position and the presence of an indwelling gastric tube increase the probability of reflux of gastric and esophageal contents. Reflux of gastric juice can lead to a low pH value in the airway environment, making bacterial or viral infections more likely to occur. Furthermore, coughing, changes in body position, and decreased pressure on the endotracheal cuff can prevent a complete seal between the cuff and the airway wall. Retained material containing a large number of microorganisms can easily enter the lower respiratory tract through the gap between the cuff and the airway, causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). This can lead to prolonged hospitalization and ICU stays for patients receiving mechanical ventilation, increased mortality, and serious prognosis. In order to solve the above problems, the measures currently taken are to use antibacterial drugs, oral care, posture management and other measures after the use of endotracheal intubation. However, these measures have poor protective effects and can still easily lead to the downward invasion of bacteria in the oropharynx and the infiltration of retained materials into the lungs. The risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia is still high. In addition, the workload of nurses is greatly increased, which affects compliance and needs to be improved. Utility Model Content
[0003] The purpose of the utility model is to provide an endotracheal tube assembly for protection against ventilator-associated pneumonia, which has the advantages of preventing secretions and pathogenic bacteria from invading downward, reducing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, and reducing nursing costs.
[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:
[0005] A tracheal cannula assembly for protecting against ventilator-associated pneumonia, comprising a tracheal cannula, the tracheal cannula being outer-mounted with a sleeve, wherein: the tracheal cannula comprises a cannula body, the top of the cannula body is provided with a connecting joint, the lower part of the cannula body is separately provided with a first airbag and a second airbag, the second airbag is located above the first airbag and the first airbag is close to the bottom of the cannula body, the first airbag is connected to the first inflation interface via a first inflation connecting tube, the second airbag is connected to the second inflation interface via a second inflation connecting tube, the cannula body is provided with a sleeve, and the cannula body is provided with a sleeve. A first suction hole is provided on the portion of the tube body located above the first airbag, a second suction hole is provided on the portion of the cannula body located above the second airbag, a suction connecting tube is fixed on the cannula body, one end of the suction connecting tube is connected to the suction interface and the other end extends to the positions of the first suction hole and the second suction hole; a pH sensor is provided on the portion of the cannula body located below the second airbag; the sleeve includes a T-shaped tooth pad, which is composed of a cylindrical tooth pad handle and a sheet-like tooth pad head, and a cylindrical isolation film is extended from the bottom of the tooth pad handle.
[0006] The advantages of the utility model are:
[0007] On the one hand, the present invention forms a double-airbag mode through the first and second airbags designed on the endotracheal tube, effectively preventing secretions and pathogens from invading downward. On the other hand, the pH sensor realizes the regular monitoring of the pH value of the subglottic retention. Once an abnormality occurs, an alarm is issued. The first and second suction holes are designed to realize the suction of the retention on the double airbags and between the airbags and the airway wall, avoiding the occurrence of blockage accumulation and downward infection of the lungs. It is beneficial for medical staff to understand the patient's condition in real time and take timely intervention measures to reduce the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. On the other hand, the cannula can effectively block the endotracheal tube while assisting the insertion of the endotracheal tube into the airway, preventing the endotracheal tube from coming into contact with oropharyngeal pathogens during the process of being directly inserted into the lower respiratory tract from the mouth, and reducing the oral secretions and pathogens from being brought into the lower respiratory tract.
[0008] The utility model is easy to use, reduces the workload of medical staff, reduces nursing costs, greatly reduces the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, improves the prognosis of patients, and is suitable for popularization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the endotracheal tube assembly of the utility model.
[0010] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of endotracheal intubation.
[0011] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the casing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0012] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the utility model proposes a ventilator-associated pneumonia protection endotracheal cannula assembly, including an endotracheal cannula 10, the endotracheal cannula 10 is provided with a sleeve 20, wherein: the endotracheal cannula 10 includes a cannula body 11, the top of the cannula body 11 is provided with a connecting joint 12 for connecting to a ventilator, the lower part of the cannula body 11 is separately provided with a first airbag 13 and a second airbag 14, the second airbag 14 is located above the first airbag 13 and the first airbag 13 is close to the bottom of the cannula body 11, the first airbag 13 is connected to the first inflation interface 130 via a first inflation connecting pipe 131, and the second airbag 14 is connected to the second inflation interface 130 via a second inflation connecting pipe 141. The two inflation interfaces 140 are connected, a first suction hole 15 is provided on the position of the cannula body 11 above the first airbag 13, a second suction hole 16 is provided on the position of the cannula body 11 above the second airbag 14, a suction connecting tube 181 is fixed on the cannula body 11, one end of the suction connecting tube 181 is connected to the suction interface 18 and the other end extends to the positions of the first suction hole 15 and the second suction hole 16; a pH sensor 17 is provided on the position of the cannula body 11 below the second airbag 14; the sleeve 20 includes a T-shaped bite pad, which is composed of a cylindrical bite pad handle 21 and a sheet-like bite pad head 22, and a cylindrical isolation film 23 is extended from the bottom of the bite pad handle 21.
[0013] As shown in the figure, when the endotracheal tube 10 is inserted from the top of the sleeve 20 but does not pass through it, the isolation film 23 is completely or partially wrinkled. However, when the endotracheal tube 10 is forced to pass through the sleeve 20, the isolation film 23 is stretched flat and tightly wrapped around the outer wall of the sleeve 11 under the pulling action of the sleeve body 11, and the entire sleeve 20 is above the second suction hole 16.
[0014] In actual design, the cannula body 11 is a flexible tube with a certain hardness, the bottom end of which can be in a beveled form, and the top end is provided with a connecting joint 12 for mechanical connection with the ventilator, and the connecting joint 12 is a standard joint.
[0015] In actual design, the first airbag 13 and the second airbag 14 are annular and fixedly connected to the outer wall of the cannula body 11, wherein the first inflation interface 130 and the second inflation interface 140 are both provided with a one-way inflation valve.
[0016] A preferred design is that one end of the first inflation connecting tube 131 is connected to the first inflation port 130, and the other end of the first inflation connecting tube 131 penetrates the inner cavity of the cannula body 11 from the upper portion of the cannula body 11, extends along the inner wall of the cannula body 11 to a position close to the first airbag 13, and then passes through the cannula body 11 to communicate with the inner cavity of the first airbag 13; one end of the second inflation connecting tube 141 is connected to the second inflation port 140, and the other end of the second inflation connecting tube 141 penetrates the inner cavity of the cannula body 11 from the upper portion of the cannula body 11, extends along the inner wall of the cannula body 11 to a position close to the second airbag 14, and then passes through the cannula body 11 to communicate with the inner cavity of the second airbag 14. Of course, the arrangement of the first inflation connecting tube 131 and the second inflation connecting tube 141 on the cannula body 11 can also be designed in other forms and is not limited to this.
[0017] In actual design, the cannula body 11 is provided with multiple first suction holes 15, preferably four first suction holes 15, and each first suction hole 15 is evenly distributed along the outer circumference direction of the cannula body 11; the cannula body 11 is provided with multiple second suction holes 16, preferably four second suction holes 16, and each second suction hole 16 is evenly distributed along the outer circumference direction of the cannula body 11.
[0018] Furthermore, the distance between the first suction hole 15 and the first air bag 13 can be set to 0.5 cm, and the distance between the second suction hole 16 and the second air bag 14 can be set to 0.5 cm, which is of course not limited.
[0019] A preferred design is that one end of the suction connecting tube 181 is connected to the suction interface 18, and the other end of the suction connecting tube 181 penetrates the inner cavity of the cannula body 11 from the upper part of the cannula body 11 and extends along the inner wall of the cannula body 11 to the location of the first suction hole 15 and the second suction hole 16.
[0020] Furthermore, the suction connection tube 181 extends along the inner wall of the cannula body 11 and then branches into two branches. One branch continues to extend near each first suction hole 15 and then branches into a plurality of first branches, each of which extends to face a corresponding first suction hole 15. The other branch continues to extend near each second suction hole 16 and then branches into a plurality of second branches, each of which extends to face a corresponding second suction hole 16. Of course, the arrangement and branching structure of the suction connection tube 181 on the cannula body 11 can also be designed in other forms and are not limited to this.
[0021] In the present invention, the structure of the bite block of the sleeve 20 is essentially the same as that of conventional bite blocks. The bite block handle 21, which constitutes the bite block, is generally cylindrical, with a bite block head 22 extending outward from the top of the handle 21. Specifically, the bite block is provided with a hole for the insertion of the cannula body 11. This hole is connected to the hole in the isolation film 23 extending downward from the handle 21, and together they are used to pass the cannula body 11. In other words, the sleeve 20 is formed with a hole for the insertion of the cannula body 11, and the hole's diameter is adapted to the outer diameter of the cannula body 11; that is, the hole formed by the sleeve 20 should be slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the cannula body 11.
[0022] In the present invention, the thickness of the isolation film 23 of the sleeve 20 is not greater than 0.1 cm.
[0023] Furthermore, the barrier film 23 of the cannula 20 is extremely thin. When the cannula 20 is not positioned over the endotracheal tube 10, the barrier film 23 is typically wrinkled. However, as the endotracheal tube 10 is inserted through the cannula's top opening, the barrier film 23, driven and pulled by the tube body 11, gradually stretches and flattens, tightly wrapping around the outer wall of the tube body 11. The barrier film 23 ensures that the endotracheal tube 10 remains within the cannula 20, or barrier film 23, during passage through the patient's mouth. Only after reaching its intended location does the barrier film 23 extend, limiting contact to the lower respiratory tract and preventing oral secretions and pathogens from entering the lower respiratory tract.
[0024] like Figure 3 The dental pad head 22 is symmetrically provided with perforations 220 for inserting medical 3M tape or the like.
[0025] Typically, the endotracheal tube 10 and the cannula 20 are designed to be transparent and are made of existing antibacterial materials to reduce the chance of bacterial formation. The antibacterial materials can be, for example, existing silver-based inorganic antibacterial materials, etc., without limitation.
[0026] In the actual design, the pH sensor 17 is located on the inner wall of the cannula body 11. The pH sensor 17 is connected to a processor 170 with a wireless communication function via a wire 171. The wire 171 is arranged along the inner wall of the cannula body 11, and the processor 170 is or is not arranged on the cannula body 11; the processor 170 is used to communicate wirelessly with the receiver to send monitoring information to a remote terminal via the receiver.
[0027] In actual implementation, after the endotracheal tube assembly of the present invention reaches the designated position, the pH sensor 17 is used to periodically monitor the pH value of the subglottic retention. The processor 170 processes the detection results fed back by the pH sensor 17 (e.g., summing and averaging the detection results obtained at multiple times before and after). When the pH value of the airway environment drops to a predetermined value due to the influence of the body position and the indwelling gastric tube, the reflux of gastric and esophageal contents causes the airway environment to be prone to bacterial or viral infection. Therefore, the receiver sends an alarm and other monitoring information to the remote terminal, reminding medical staff to take relevant measures, such as suctioning the retention of the subglottic area and other parts through the first suction hole 15 and the second suction hole 16. At the same time, the detection and processing results are stored in a database for related research on ventilator-associated pneumonia.
[0028] Here, the pH sensor 17 and the processor 170 are well-known devices in the art, and the remote terminal is, for example, a desktop computer, a handheld mobile computer (PDA), etc.
[0029] The use process of this utility model is:
[0030] First, insert the endotracheal tube 10 from the top of the sleeve 20 but do not let it pass through (the isolation film 23 is fully or partially wrinkled). Hold the laryngoscope in one hand and gently place the lens into the patient's mouth. By adjusting the angle and depth, the epiglottis (the structure above the glottis) can be seen in the magnified field of view of the lens. When the epiglottis is clearly visible, use the laryngoscope to gently lift the epiglottis to expose the glottis. The glottis presents two half-moon-shaped cracks, which are the entrances to the airway. Quickly and accurately insert the endotracheal tube 10 with the sleeve 20 through the glottis into the airway. Always pay attention to the field of view of the laryngoscope, and use the other hand to push down to make the endotracheal tube 10 pass through the sleeve 20. At this time, the isolation film 23 is gradually stretched flat and tightly wrapped around the outer wall of the sleeve body 11 under the driving and pulling action of the sleeve body 11. Once the endotracheal tube 10 has reached the desired position, medical 3M tape is inserted through the perforations 220 of the bite block head 22 to secure the cannula 20 and the endotracheal tube 10 to each other. The entire cannula 20 should now be positioned above the second suction hole 16. A syringe (with the needle removed) is then connected to the first inflation port 130 to inflate the first airbag 13. Furthermore, a syringe (with the needle removed) is connected to the second inflation port 140 to inflate the second airbag 14, securing the cannula 10 with the cannula 20 firmly in place within the airway. Adhesive tape or elastic band is then inserted through the perforations 220 of the bite block head 22 to secure the cannula 10 with the cannula 20 to the patient's face or neck. At this time, the first airbag 13 and the second airbag 14 are both tightly fitted to the airway, and there is a distance between them, forming an effective barrier to physically block pathogens and secretions, preventing subglottic retention such as gastric and esophageal reflux from invading the lungs.
[0031] Then connect the ventilator (or other respiratory support equipment) to the adapter 12, so that an artificial airway is established and mechanical ventilation begins. During the ventilation process, the pH sensor 17 regularly monitors the pH value of the subglottic retention and feeds the detection result back to the processor 170, which is processed by the processor 170. When the processor 170 determines that the pH value is lower than the predetermined value after processing, it indicates that it is easy to induce bacterial or viral infection at this time, so an alarm message is sent to the remote terminal through the receiver to remind the medical staff to carry out relevant treatment. Then, the medical staff connects the syringe (with the needle removed) to the suction interface 18, so that the retention can be continuously sucked out through the first suction hole 15 and the second suction hole 16.
[0032] The above-mentioned syringe is manually operated. In practice, an electric air pump can also be used to inflate the first airbag 13 and the second airbag 14. The suction interface 18 can also be connected to an existing negative pressure suction device to achieve the purpose of clearing retained matter and reducing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
[0033] The advantages of the utility model are:
[0034] On the one hand, the present invention forms a double-airbag mode through the first and second airbags designed on the endotracheal tube, effectively preventing secretions and pathogens from invading downward. On the other hand, the pH sensor realizes the regular monitoring of the pH value of the subglottic retention. Once an abnormality occurs, an alarm is issued. The first and second suction holes are designed to realize the suction of the retention on the double airbags and between the airbags and the airway wall, avoiding the occurrence of blockage accumulation and downward infection of the lungs. It is beneficial for medical staff to understand the patient's condition in real time and take timely intervention measures to reduce the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. On the other hand, the cannula can effectively block the endotracheal tube while assisting the insertion of the endotracheal tube into the airway, preventing the endotracheal tube from coming into contact with oropharyngeal pathogens during the process of being directly inserted into the lower respiratory tract from the mouth, and reducing the oral secretions and pathogens from being brought into the lower respiratory tract.
[0035] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles used therein. For those skilled in the art, any obvious changes such as equivalent transformations, simple replacements, etc. based on the technical solution of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A tracheal intubation assembly for protection against ventilator-associated pneumonia, characterized in that: The invention comprises an endotracheal cannula, wherein the endotracheal cannula is provided with a sleeve, wherein: the endotracheal cannula comprises a cannula body, a connecting joint is provided at the top of the cannula body, a first airbag and a second airbag are separately provided at the lower part of the cannula body, the second airbag is located above the first airbag and the first airbag is close to the bottom of the cannula body, the first airbag is connected to the first inflation interface via a first inflation connecting tube, and the second airbag is connected to the second inflation interface via a second inflation connecting tube, a first suction hole is provided at a portion of the cannula body located above the first airbag, a second suction hole is provided at a portion of the cannula body located above the second airbag, a suction connecting tube is fixed to the cannula body, one end of the suction connecting tube is connected to the suction interface and the other end extends to the positions of the first suction hole and the second suction hole; a pH sensor is provided at a portion of the cannula body located below the second airbag; the sleeve comprises a T-shaped bite pad, the bite pad is composed of a cylindrical bite pad handle and a sheet-like bite pad head, and a cylindrical isolation film is extended from the bottom of the bite pad handle.
2. The endotracheal tube assembly for protection against ventilator-associated pneumonia according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first airbag and the second airbag are annular and fixedly connected to the outer wall of the cannula body, wherein the first inflation interface and the second inflation interface are both provided with a one-way inflation valve.
3. The endotracheal tube assembly for protection against ventilator-associated pneumonia according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the first inflation connecting tube is connected to the first inflation interface, and the other end of the first inflation connecting tube penetrates into the inner cavity of the cannula body from the upper part of the cannula body, extends along the inner wall to a position close to the first airbag, and then penetrates out of the cannula body and communicates with the inner cavity of the first airbag; one end of the second inflation connecting tube is connected to the second inflation interface, and the other end of the second inflation connecting tube penetrates into the inner cavity of the cannula body from the upper part of the cannula body, extends along the inner wall to a position close to the second airbag, and then penetrates out of the cannula body and communicates with the inner cavity of the second airbag.
4. The endotracheal tube assembly for protection against ventilator-associated pneumonia according to claim 1, wherein: The cannula body is provided with a plurality of first suction holes, each of which is evenly distributed along the outer circumference of the cannula body; the cannula body is provided with a plurality of second suction holes, each of which is evenly distributed along the outer circumference of the cannula body.
5. The endotracheal intubation assembly for protection against ventilator-associated pneumonia according to claim 4, characterized in that: One end of the suction connection tube is connected to the suction interface, and the other end of the suction connection tube penetrates the inner cavity of the cannula body from the upper part of the cannula body and then extends along the inner wall to the positions of the first suction hole and the second suction hole.
6. The endotracheal tube assembly for protection against ventilator-associated pneumonia according to claim 5, characterized in that: The suction connecting tube extends along the inner wall of the cannula body and then splits into two branches. One branch continues to extend to be close to each of the first suction holes and then splits into multiple first branch tubes. Each first branch tube extends to be opposite to a corresponding first suction hole. The other branch tube continues to extend to be close to each of the second suction holes and then splits into multiple second branch tubes. Each second branch tube extends to be opposite to a corresponding second suction hole.
7. The endotracheal tube assembly for protection against ventilator-associated pneumonia according to claim 1, wherein: The sleeve is formed with a hole for the cannula body to pass through, and the diameter of the hole is adapted to the outer diameter of the cannula body.
8. The endotracheal tube assembly for protection against ventilator-associated pneumonia according to claim 1, wherein: The thickness of the isolation film of the sleeve is not greater than 0.1 cm.
9. The endotracheal tube assembly for protection against ventilator-associated pneumonia according to claim 1, wherein: The head of the dental pad is provided with a perforation.
10. The endotracheal tube assembly for protection against ventilator-associated pneumonia according to claim 1, wherein: The pH sensor is located on the inner wall of the cannula body. The pH sensor is connected to a processor with wireless communication function via a wire. The wire is arranged along the inner wall of the cannula body. The processor may or may not be located on the cannula body. The processor is used to communicate wirelessly with a receiver to send monitoring information to a remote terminal via the receiver.