Color-adjustable perovskite solar cell

Abstract

The utility model provides a color-adjustable perovskite solar cell, which comprises a front electrode, a hole transport layer, a self-assembly molecular layer, a perovskite layer, a passivation layer, an electron transport layer and a back electrode, the back electrode comprises a first transparent conductive oxide layer, a conductive metal layer and a second transparent conductive oxide layer which are sequentially stacked, the first transparent conductive oxide layer is in contact with the electron transport layer, and the thickness of the back electrode is 80-200 nm. According to the color-adjustable perovskite solar cell provided by the utility model, the color of the solar cell can be flexibly adjusted without changing the chemical composition of the perovskite absorption layer on the premise of ensuring the efficiency and the stability of the cell, the efficiency and the flexibility are high, and the production cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of photovoltaic component production, in particular to a color-adjustable perovskite solar cell. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of photovoltaic technology and strong policy support, perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention due to their high efficiency, low cost, and promising application potential. Perovskite cells are third-generation photovoltaic cells that use organic metal halide semiconductors as light-absorbing materials. As the efficiency of crystalline silicon cells gradually reaches its theoretical limit, perovskite cells are widely considered by the industry, the government, and a large number of investors to be the next generation of mainstream photovoltaic technology due to their significant efficiency and cost advantages. Compared to crystalline silicon solar cells, perovskite cells have higher theoretical efficiency and can flexibly adjust their band gap to form tandem cells with narrow-bandgap crystalline silicon cells for higher efficiency. At the same time, they can avoid the degradation common in crystalline silicon cells, such as PID, LIP, and LeTID. In the field of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), the light transmittance and flexibility of perovskite cells make them an ideal choice.

[0003] However, traditional perovskite solar cells have limitations in color and transparency. The color richness of the cells is often improved by changing the composition of the perovskite layer or relying on encapsulation films, which greatly causes a loss in cell efficiency and stability, limiting the scope of application.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a color-adjustable perovskite solar cell to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a color-adjustable perovskite solar cell, which can flexibly adjust the color characteristics, hue saturation and transparency of the solar cell without sacrificing cell efficiency and stability by optimizing the back electrode structure.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a color-adjustable perovskite solar cell, which includes a front electrode, a hole transport layer, a self-assembled molecular layer, a perovskite layer, a passivation layer, an electron transport layer and a back electrode stacked in sequence, wherein the back electrode includes a first transparent conductive oxide layer, a conductive metal layer and a second transparent conductive oxide layer stacked in sequence, the first transparent conductive oxide layer contacts the electron transport layer, and the thickness of the back electrode is 80-200 nm.

[0007] As a further improved technical solution of the present invention, the conductive metal layer is silver.

[0008] As a further improved technical solution of the present invention, the thickness of the first transparent conductive oxide layer is 90-110 nm, the thickness of the conductive metal layer is 2-10 nm, and the thickness of the second transparent conductive oxide layer is 90-110 nm.

[0009] As a further improved technical solution of the present invention, the thickness of the first transparent conductive oxide layer is 20-50 nm, the thickness of the conductive metal layer is 40-60 nm, and the thickness of the second transparent conductive oxide layer is 20-50 nm.

[0010] As a further improved technical solution of the present invention, the thickness of the first transparent conductive oxide layer is 5-20 nm, the thickness of the conductive metal layer is 90-120 nm, and the thickness of the second transparent conductive oxide layer is 5-20 nm.

[0011] As a further improved technical solution of the present invention, the conductive metal layer is copper.

[0012] As a further improved technical solution of the present invention, the thickness of the first transparent conductive oxide layer is 40-80 nm, the thickness of the conductive metal layer is 2-40 nm, and the thickness of the second transparent conductive oxide layer is 40-80 nm.

[0013] As a further improved technical solution of the present invention, the thickness of the first transparent conductive oxide layer is 10-40 nm, the thickness of the conductive metal layer is 40-60 nm, and the thickness of the second transparent conductive oxide layer is 10-40 nm.

[0014] As a further improved technical solution of the present invention, the thickness of the first transparent conductive oxide layer is 5-20 nm, the thickness of the conductive metal layer is 90-120 nm, and the thickness of the second transparent conductive oxide layer is 5-20 nm.

[0015] As a further improved technical solution of the present invention, the first transparent conductive oxide layer is one or more of ITO, FTO, and AZO, and the second transparent conductive oxide is one or more of ITO, FTO, and AZO; the front electrode is one or more of ITO, FTO, AZO, and IWO; the perovskite layer is formamidinium lead bromide doped with monovalent cations, and the monovalent cations include a methylamine ion-cesium ion combination or a methylamine ion-cesium ion-formamidinium ion combination.

[0016] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the color-adjustable perovskite solar cell of the present invention optimizes the structure of the back electrode to achieve flexible adjustment of the color characteristics, hue saturation and transparency of the solar cell without changing the chemical composition of the perovskite absorption layer, that is, without sacrificing the efficiency and stability of the cell. It breaks through the limitations of traditional color solar cells that rely on color packaging films and regulating the perovskite layer to achieve color effects. Its excellent color performance, high efficiency and high transparency give it broad application prospects in the fields of architecture, automobiles, electronic equipment, etc., especially for the BIPV field (Building Integrated Photovoltaics, building photovoltaic integration) provides more diverse color options; in addition, compared with the existing technology, the cell structure reduces material costs, and the production process does not require high temperature, which reduces energy consumption and production costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a color-adjustable perovskite solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the middle and back electrodes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] Please refer to Figure 1 As shown, the utility model provides a color-adjustable perovskite solar cell, which includes a front electrode 1, a hole transport layer 2, a self-assembled molecular layer 3, a perovskite layer 4, a passivation layer 5, an electron transport layer 6 and a back electrode 7 stacked in sequence.

[0021] The front electrode 1 is made of a transparent conductive material, such as one or a mixture of ITO (indium-doped tin oxide), FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), AZO (aluminum-doped tin oxide), and IWO (indium-doped tungsten oxide); the front electrode 1 serves as the anode of the battery, allowing light to enter the battery and providing a channel for electron transmission.

[0022] The hole transport layer 2 is used to transport photogenerated holes from the perovskite layer to the front electrode 1. The hole transport layer 2 is made of one or a mixture of vacuum-plated nickel oxide, cuprous iodide, copper thiocyanate (CuSCN), spin-coated spiro-type organic molecular hole transport materials, novel organic molecular hole transport materials, and linear organic molecular hole transport materials. This embodiment preferably uses the organic molecule Spiro-OMeTAD (2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene), which can efficiently extract and transport holes.

[0023] The self-assembled molecular layer 3 forms a monomolecular layer through self-assembly technology, which can improve the interface contact between the front electrode 1 and the perovskite layer 4, improve the hole extraction efficiency, and may also be used to reduce interface defects and charge recombination, thereby improving the performance and stability of the battery.

[0024] The perovskite layer 4 is the core layer of the solar cell, which is used to absorb sunlight and generate electron-hole pairs. Therefore, the perovskite material must have excellent light absorption performance and a tunable band gap. In the present invention, the perovskite layer 4 is a monovalent cation-doped formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3), and the monovalent cation includes methylamine ion (MA + )-cesium ion (Cs + ) combination or methylamine ion (MA + )-cesium ion (Cs + )-Formamidinium ion (FA + )combination.

[0025] The passivation layer 5 is used to reduce defects and trap states on the surface of the perovskite layer 4, thereby reducing charge recombination and improving the efficiency and stability of the battery. The passivation layer 5 can be made of an inorganic material (such as SiO2 or Si3N4) or an organic material (such as polyimide). The electron transport layer 6 is used to transfer photogenerated electrons from the perovskite layer 4 to the back electrode 7. The electron transport layer 6 is made of one or more of titanium dioxide, tin dioxide, niobium oxide, zinc oxide, and zinc sulfide, and can provide an effective electron transport channel.

[0026] The back electrode 7 serves as the cathode of the solar cell, collecting electrons and transferring them to the external circuit. Figure 2 As shown, the back electrode 7 includes a first transparent conductive oxide layer 71, a conductive metal layer 72, and a second transparent conductive oxide layer 73 stacked in sequence. The first transparent conductive oxide layer 71 is located on one side of the electron transport layer 6, that is, the first transparent conductive oxide layer 71 contacts the electron transport layer 6. The first transparent conductive oxide layer is one or more of ITO, FTO, and AZO, and the second transparent conductive oxide is one or more of ITO, FTO, and AZO.

[0027] The total thickness of the back electrode 7 is 80-200 nm. When the conductive metal layer 72 is silver, the thicknesses of the first transparent conductive oxide layer 71, the conductive metal layer 72, and the second transparent conductive oxide layer 73 are set within the following ranges (ensuring that the total thickness is within the above range):

[0028] (1) The thickness of the first transparent conductive oxide layer is 90-110 nm, the thickness of the conductive metal layer is 2-10 nm, and the thickness of the second transparent conductive oxide layer is 90-110 nm. Within this thickness range, the color of the obtained solar cell is blue.

[0029] (2) The thickness of the first transparent conductive oxide layer is 20-50 nm, the thickness of the conductive metal layer is 40-60 nm, and the thickness of the second transparent conductive oxide layer is 20-50 nm. Within this thickness range, the color of the obtained solar cell is light yellow.

[0030] (3) The thickness of the first transparent conductive oxide layer is 5-20 nm, the thickness of the conductive metal layer is 90-120 nm, and the thickness of the second transparent conductive oxide layer is 5-20 nm. Within this thickness range, the color of the obtained solar cell is white.

[0031] When the conductive metal layer is copper, the thicknesses of the first transparent conductive oxide layer, the conductive metal layer, and the second transparent conductive oxide layer are set within the following ranges (ensuring that the total thickness is within the above range):

[0032] (1) The thickness of the first transparent conductive oxide layer is 40-80 nm, the thickness of the conductive metal layer is 2-40 nm, and the thickness of the second transparent conductive oxide layer is 40-80 nm. Within this thickness range, the color of the resulting solar cell is green or red.

[0033] (2) The thickness of the first transparent conductive oxide layer is 10-40 nm, the thickness of the conductive metal layer is 40-60 nm, and the thickness of the second transparent conductive oxide layer is 10-40 nm. Within this thickness range, the color of the obtained solar cell is yellow.

[0034] (3) The thickness of the first transparent conductive oxide layer is 5-20 nm, the thickness of the conductive metal layer is 90-120 nm, and the thickness of the second transparent conductive oxide layer is 5-20 nm. Within this thickness range, the color of the obtained solar cell is brown.

[0035] Specifically, the present invention provides multiple embodiments, wherein the material selection, thickness design of the first transparent conductive oxide layer, the conductive metal layer, and the first transparent conductive oxide layer and the corresponding color of the perovskite solar cell are shown in Table 1.

[0036] Table 1 Materials, thicknesses of the first transparent conductive oxide layer, the conductive metal layer, and the first transparent conductive oxide layer in each embodiment, and corresponding battery colors

[0037]

[0038] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the technical solutions described in the present invention. The understanding of this specification should be based on technical personnel in the relevant technical field. Although this specification has described the present invention in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technical personnel in the field should understand that technical personnel in the relevant technical field can still modify or replace the present invention with equivalents, and all technical solutions and improvements that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A color-adjustable perovskite solar cell, characterized by: It includes a front electrode, a hole transport layer, a self-assembled molecular layer, a perovskite layer, a passivation layer, an electron transport layer and a back electrode stacked in sequence. The back electrode includes a first transparent conductive oxide layer, a conductive metal layer and a second transparent conductive oxide layer stacked in sequence. The first transparent conductive oxide layer contacts the electron transport layer. The thickness of the back electrode is 80-200nm.

2. The color-adjustable perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The conductive metal layer is silver.

3. The color-adjustable perovskite solar cell according to claim 2, wherein: The thickness of the first transparent conductive oxide layer is 90-110 nm, the thickness of the conductive metal layer is 2-10 nm, and the thickness of the second transparent conductive oxide layer is 90-110 nm.

4. The color-adjustable perovskite solar cell according to claim 2, wherein: The thickness of the first transparent conductive oxide layer is 20-50 nm, the thickness of the conductive metal layer is 40-60 nm, and the thickness of the second transparent conductive oxide layer is 20-50 nm.

5. The color-adjustable perovskite solar cell according to claim 2, wherein: The thickness of the first transparent conductive oxide layer is 5-20 nm, the thickness of the conductive metal layer is 90-120 nm, and the thickness of the second transparent conductive oxide layer is 5-20 nm.

6. The color-adjustable perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The conductive metal layer is copper.

7. The color-adjustable perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, wherein: The thickness of the first transparent conductive oxide layer is 40-80 nm, the thickness of the conductive metal layer is 2-40 nm, and the thickness of the second transparent conductive oxide layer is 40-80 nm.

8. The color-adjustable perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, wherein: The thickness of the first transparent conductive oxide layer is 10-40 nm, the thickness of the conductive metal layer is 40-60 nm, and the thickness of the second transparent conductive oxide layer is 10-40 nm.

9. The color-adjustable perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, wherein: The thickness of the first transparent conductive oxide layer is 5-20 nm, the thickness of the conductive metal layer is 90-120 nm, and the thickness of the second transparent conductive oxide layer is 5-20 nm.

10. The color-adjustable perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The first transparent conductive oxide layer is one or more of ITO, FTO, and AZO, and the second transparent conductive oxide is one or more of ITO, FTO, and AZO; the front electrode is one or more of ITO, FTO, AZO, and IWO; the perovskite layer is formamidinium lead bromide doped with monovalent cations, and the monovalent cations include a methylamine ion-cesium ion combination or a methylamine ion-cesium ion-formamidinium ion combination.

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