Demonstration instrument for conversion between work and internal energy of object

Abstract

The utility model discloses a demonstration instrument for conversion between work and internal energy of an object, and the demonstration instrument comprises a fixed seat, a first variable-volume container, a second variable-volume container, a communication pipeline, a valve, a temperature sensor group, and a temperature display. The first variable-volume container is provided with a first air cavity and a first air inlet and outlet communicated with the first air cavity, and the first variable-volume container is suitable for being driven to adjust the volume in the first air cavity; the bottom of the second variable volume container is fixedly installed on the fixing base, and the second variable volume container is provided with a second air cavity and a second air inlet and outlet communicated with the second air cavity. The teaching aid can demonstrate conversion between work and object internal energy, is low in manufacturing cost, small in occupied space, convenient to carry and operate, suitable for use scenes with weak economic basis or limited experiment operation space, beneficial to wide popularization and application, and capable of providing convenience for schools with limited educational resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a demonstrator for the conversion of work and internal energy of an object, belonging to the technical field of physics teaching tools. Background Art

[0002] Currently, experimental demonstrations and student-initiated exploration of the topic of "work changing the internal energy of an object" are crucial in junior high physics instruction. The entire process of the mutual conversion of work and internal energy needs to be demonstrated intuitively and quantitatively. External references are needed to visually demonstrate the changes in the internal energy of an object and the effects of work, allowing students to better understand work, internal energy, and how they are converted into each other.

[0003] The "work that changes the internal energy of an object" demonstration apparatus commonly used in teaching currently consists primarily of nitrocellulose, a beaker, rubber tubing, and a piston. These simple experimental devices operate by placing a small amount of nitrocellulose in a thick-walled glass cylinder fitted with a piston. When the piston is rapidly depressed, the air temperature inside the cylinder rises, causing the nitrocellulose to combust, thereby demonstrating that work can change the internal energy of an object. While this method allows for intuitive observation of the phenomenon of work changing internal energy, it suffers from several issues: Temperature changes cannot be quantified, resulting in inaccurate experimental results; the nitrocellulose and ether used in the experiment have low flash points, posing safety risks and making them difficult to operate; and the inability to demonstrate the conversion of internal energy into work on the outside world, hindering the integration of the concept of energy conversion into teaching.

[0004] A search of prior art revealed a Chinese patent application, CN204463603U, that discloses a gas work-related internal energy reduction demonstrator with a digital temperature and pressure display. This device, which utilizes a thermistor, pressure sensor, and a microprocessor, is costly and complex, making it unsuitable for widespread educational use. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to overcome the defects of the existing technology and provide a work and internal energy conversion demonstration instrument, which can intuitively display the conversion of work and internal energy, has the characteristics of low cost, small space occupation, easy portability and operation, and is suitable for scenarios with limited experimental operation space.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a work and object internal energy conversion demonstration instrument, comprising:

[0007] Fixed seat;

[0008] a first variable-volume container, wherein the bottom of the first variable-volume container is fixedly mounted on the fixing base, the first variable-volume container is provided with a first air cavity and a first air inlet and outlet communicating with the first air cavity, and the first variable-volume container is adapted to be driven to adjust the volume of the first air cavity;

[0009] a second variable-volume container, wherein the bottom of the second variable-volume container is fixedly mounted on the fixing base, the second variable-volume container is provided with a second air cavity and a second air inlet and outlet communicating with the second air cavity, and the second variable-volume container is adapted to be driven to adjust the volume of the second air cavity;

[0010] A communication pipe, wherein both ends of the communication pipe are connected to the first air inlet and outlet and the second air inlet and outlet respectively;

[0011] A valve, the valve being arranged on the communication pipe and being adapted to control the on-off of the communication pipe;

[0012] a temperature sensor group, the temperature sensor group comprising a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor, the first temperature sensor extending through an outer wall of the first variable-volume container into the first air cavity, and the second temperature sensor extending through an outer wall of the second variable-volume container into the second air cavity;

[0013] A temperature display is mounted on the fixing seat and is electrically connected to the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor respectively.

[0014] Furthermore, a specific structure of a first variable volume container is provided, wherein the first variable volume container comprises:

[0015] a piston rod, one end of which is fixed to the fixing seat;

[0016] a piston head, the piston head being fixed to the other end of the piston rod;

[0017] a cylinder body, the cylinder body being slidably sleeved on a piston rod provided with a piston head, a first air cavity being formed between the cylinder body and the piston head, and the first air inlet and outlet being provided on the cylinder body;

[0018] Wherein, the piston rod is suitable for changing the volume of the first air cavity in the cylinder by driving the piston head.

[0019] Furthermore, the cylinder is provided with a volume scale of the first air cavity.

[0020] Furthermore, the fixing seat includes:

[0021] horizontal base;

[0022] A back plate is vertically connected to the horizontal base.

[0023] Furthermore, the temperature display is mounted on the back panel.

[0024] Furthermore, the work and internal energy conversion demonstrator of an object further comprises a camera, which is mounted on the fixing seat and has a lens facing the temperature display.

[0025] Furthermore, the camera includes a camera body and a support frame, and the camera body can be rotatably connected to the support frame.

[0026] Furthermore, in order to facilitate adjustment of the camera position, a guide rod is provided on the fixing seat, and the support frame of the camera can be slidably mounted on the guide rod via a slider.

[0027] Furthermore, in order to facilitate the adjustment of the valve, a manual rotation knob is provided on the valve.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] During use of the present invention, the valve is first closed, pressing down on the first variable-volume container, compressing the gas within the first air chamber. This performs work on the gas, increasing its internal energy and raising its temperature. The readings of the first temperature sensor are recorded on a temperature display. Then, while maintaining the volume of the first variable-volume container constant, the valve is opened, allowing the gas within the first air chamber to enter the second variable-volume container through a connecting pipe, performing work on the gas within the second air chamber and increasing its volume. Simultaneously, the temperature display indicates a decrease in the temperature of the first temperature sensor in the first variable-volume container, while an increase in the temperature of the second temperature sensor in the second variable-volume container is observed. During this process, the volume changes of the first and second variable-volume containers are recorded, as well as the temperature changes of the corresponding first and second temperature sensors in the first and second variable-volume containers. Finally, the data is collated, yielding a qualitative conclusion: when external work is performed on an object, its internal energy increases and its temperature rises; when an object performs external work, its internal energy decreases and its temperature decreases.

[0030] In addition, the volume scale on the cylinder facilitates recording volume changes, providing an accurate basis for data recording and analysis; the temperature display is installed on the back plate of the fixed base, making temperature changes more intuitive and easy to read; the camera can magnify the temperature changes and piston movement process and display them on the teaching screen, facilitating teaching and experimental recording, making the display of physical phenomena more vivid.

[0031] In summary, the present invention not only intuitively demonstrates the principle and solves the problem that traditional instruments are difficult to observe internal energy changes through the visual demonstration of the gas work process and internal energy changes, but also makes the entire demonstration process more accurate and easy to understand through the coordination of volume scale, real-time temperature display and camera, and has wide teaching and experimental application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the work and internal energy conversion demonstration device of the present utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the contents of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below based on specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, a demonstrator for converting work into internal energy of an object comprises:

[0035] Fixed seat 1;

[0036] A first variable-volume container 2, the bottom of which is fixedly mounted on the fixed base 1. The first variable-volume container 2 is provided with a first air cavity and a first air inlet and outlet communicating with the first air cavity. The first variable-volume container 2 is adapted to be driven to adjust the volume of the first air cavity;

[0037] A second variable volume container 3, the bottom of which is fixedly mounted on the fixed base 1, and the second variable volume container 3 is provided with a second air cavity and a second air inlet and outlet communicating with the second air cavity, and the second variable volume container 3 is adapted to be driven to adjust the volume in the second air cavity;

[0038] A communication pipe 4, with both ends of the communication pipe 4 connected to the first air inlet and outlet and the second air inlet and outlet respectively;

[0039] Valve 5, valve 5 is arranged on the communication pipe 4, valve 5 is suitable for controlling the on-off of the communication pipe 4;

[0040] A temperature sensor group includes a first temperature sensor 61 and a second temperature sensor 62. The first temperature sensor 61 extends through the outer wall of the first variable-volume container 2 into the first air cavity, and the second temperature sensor 62 extends through the outer wall of the second variable-volume container 3 into the second air cavity.

[0041] The temperature display 7 is mounted on the fixing base 1 and is electrically connected to the first temperature sensor 61 and the second temperature sensor 62 .

[0042] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, first close the valve 5, press down the first variable volume container 2, compress the gas in the first air cavity, do work on the gas to increase its internal energy, and raise the temperature. The front and rear readings of the first temperature sensor 61 are recorded through the temperature display 7.

[0043] Then, while maintaining the volume of first variable-volume container 2, valve 5 is opened, and the gas in the first air chamber enters second variable-volume container 3 through connecting pipe 4, performing work on the gas in the second air chamber and increasing the volume of the second air chamber. Simultaneously, the temperature display 7 indicates that the temperature of first temperature sensor 61 in first variable-volume container 2 has decreased, while the temperature display 7 indicates that the temperature of second temperature sensor 62 in second variable-volume container 3 has increased.

[0044] During this process, the volume changes of the first variable volume container 2 and the second variable volume container 3 are recorded, and the temperature changes of the corresponding first temperature sensor 61 and second temperature sensor 62 in the first variable volume container 2 and the second variable volume container 3 are recorded through the temperature display 7.

[0045] Finally, after sorting out the data, we came to a qualitative conclusion: when the outside world does work on an object, its internal energy increases and its temperature rises; when an object does work on the outside, its internal energy decreases and its temperature decreases.

[0046] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the first variable volume container 2 may have the following structure, including:

[0047] Piston rod, one end of the piston rod is fixed on the fixing seat 1;

[0048] A piston head, which is fixed to the other end of the piston rod;

[0049] The cylinder body is slidably sleeved on the piston rod provided with a piston head, a first air cavity is formed between the cylinder body and the piston head, and the first air inlet and outlet are provided on the cylinder body;

[0050] The piston rod is suitable for changing the volume of the first air cavity in the cylinder by driving the piston head.

[0051] Specifically, the cylinder is provided with a volume scale of the first air cavity.

[0052] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the piston head is fixed to the other end of the piston rod and fits tightly against the inner wall of the cylinder to ensure airtightness. The cylinder can slide up and down along the piston rod, and the first air cavity formed between the cylinder and the piston head realizes gas compression and expansion. The first air inlet and outlet are provided on the cylinder to facilitate connection with the connecting pipe 4. During use, the first variable-volume container 2 can be an existing item, such as a syringe.

[0053] The first air cavity volume scale provided on the cylinder facilitates accurate reading and recording of the air cavity volume change during the experiment. The structure of the second variable volume container 3 is substantially the same as that of the first variable volume container 2, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0054] Specifically, such as Figure 1As shown, the fixing seat 1 includes:

[0055] horizontal base;

[0056] Back panel, the back panel is vertically connected to the horizontal base.

[0057] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the temperature display 7 is mounted on the back panel.

[0058] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the bottom of the horizontal base is provided with a non-slip rubber pad to increase friction with the laboratory table. The temperature display 7 is mounted on the back plate by gluing, and the installation position is located at the middle height between the first variable volume container 2 and the second variable volume container 3, so as to facilitate simultaneous observation of temperature changes in both containers. The temperature display 7 can adopt a dual digital display or two separate displays. The specific material of the fixing base 1 can be wood.

[0059] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the work and object internal energy conversion demonstrator further includes a camera 8 , which is mounted on the fixing base 1 , with the lens of the camera 8 facing the temperature display 7 .

[0060] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the camera 8 includes a camera body and a support frame, and the camera body can be rotatably connected to the support frame.

[0061] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, a guide rod is provided on the fixing seat 1, and the support frame of the camera 8 is slidably mounted on the guide rod through a slider.

[0062] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, camera 8 is connected to an external computer via a data cable, and the captured image information can be displayed in real time on the teaching screen. A slider allows for convenient adjustment of the position of camera 8, allowing for capturing both the temperature display 7 and the volume scale of the cylinder. The camera 8 is secured to the mounting base 1 for easy portability and mobility, while the design of the guide rod and slider ensures flexible adjustment of camera 8.

[0063] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the valve 5 is provided with a manual rotation knob.

[0064] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present invention. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A demonstrator for converting work into internal energy of an object, characterized in that: include: Fixed seat (1); a first variable-volume container (2), the bottom of which is fixedly mounted on the fixing seat (1); the first variable-volume container (2) is provided with a first air cavity and a first air inlet and outlet communicating with the first air cavity; the first variable-volume container (2) is adapted to be driven to adjust the volume of the first air cavity; a second variable-volume container (3), the bottom of which is fixedly mounted on the fixing seat (1); the second variable-volume container (3) is provided with a second air cavity and a second air inlet and outlet communicating with the second air cavity; the second variable-volume container (3) is adapted to be driven to adjust the volume of the second air cavity; A communication pipe (4), wherein both ends of the communication pipe (4) are respectively connected to the first air inlet and outlet and the second air inlet and outlet; A valve (5), the valve (5) being arranged on the communication pipe (4), the valve (5) being adapted to control the on-off of the communication pipe (4); a temperature sensor group, the temperature sensor group comprising a first temperature sensor (61) and a second temperature sensor (62), the first temperature sensor (61) extending through the outer wall of the first variable volume container (2) into the first air cavity, and the second temperature sensor (62) extending through the outer wall of the second variable volume container (3) into the second air cavity; A temperature display (7) is mounted on the fixing seat (1), and the temperature display (7) is electrically connected to the first temperature sensor (61) and the second temperature sensor (62), respectively.

2. The work and internal energy conversion demonstration device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first variable volume container (2) comprises: A piston rod, one end of which is fixed on the fixing seat (1); a piston head, the piston head being fixed to the other end of the piston rod; a cylinder body, the cylinder body being slidably sleeved on a piston rod provided with a piston head, a first air cavity being formed between the cylinder body and the piston head, and the first air inlet and outlet being provided on the cylinder body; Wherein, the piston rod is suitable for changing the volume of the first air cavity in the cylinder by driving the piston head.

3. The work and internal energy conversion demonstration device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cylinder is provided with a volume scale of the first air cavity.

4. The work and internal energy conversion demonstration device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing seat (1) comprises: horizontal base; A back plate is vertically connected to the horizontal base.

5. The work and internal energy conversion demonstration device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The temperature display (7) is mounted on the back panel.

6. The work and internal energy conversion demonstration device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a camera (8), which is mounted on the fixing seat (1), and the lens of the camera (8) faces the temperature display (7).

7. The work and internal energy conversion demonstration device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The camera (8) comprises a camera body and a support frame, and the camera body is rotatably connected to the support frame.

8. The work and internal energy conversion demonstration device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A guide rod is provided on the fixing seat (1), and the support frame of the camera (8) is slidably mounted on the guide rod via a slider.

9. The work and internal energy conversion demonstration device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The valve (5) is provided with a manual rotation knob.

Images