Fuel cell system with 48V low-voltage electrical architecture

Abstract

The utility model discloses a fuel cell system with a 48V low-voltage electrical framework. Wherein the 48V storage battery supplies power to each part of the fuel cell system; the 48V storage battery supplies power to a system safety device through a system and a whole vehicle plug-in connector wire harness, the safety device comprises three paths of power supply inputs, and the first path supplies power to an FCU power supply through the safety device; the second path supplies power to each control valve of the system through a safety device, a valve power supply and a relay; the third path passes through a safety device and then passes through an electric appliance power supply and a relay to supply power to the electric appliance power supply; the first circuit supplies power to the FCU power supply through a safety device, and the circuit is divided into one circuit which supplies power to a high-side driving main power supply in the FCU through relay control. The 48V low-voltage power supply is used for supplying power, so that the wire diameter of a low-voltage wire harness of the system can be effectively reduced, the system design is simpler, the performance is more stable, and the mass power density and the efficiency of the system can be improved to a certain extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of fuel cell systems, specifically relating to a fuel cell system with a 48V low-voltage electrical architecture. Background Technology

[0002] Fuel cell systems have broad application prospects in the energy sector and have attracted much attention due to their high efficiency and environmental friendliness. All electrical components in a fuel cell system's Balance of Plant (BOP) require low-voltage power to operate. Currently, most fuel cell manufacturers use a 24V electrical architecture for their low-voltage systems. Power is supplied to the system fuse box via the vehicle's 24V low-voltage battery, and the fuse box then supplies power to the various BOP electrical components of the fuel cell system for normal operation. Currently, fuel cell system manufacturers are highly focused on the fuel cell's mass power density and system efficiency; therefore, lighter fuel cells with higher system efficiency have a greater advantage in the market.

[0003] In existing technologies, fuel cell system electrical architectures typically use 24V for low-voltage power, resulting in thicker wiring harnesses throughout the system. For the same power output, lower voltage means higher current, leading to greater heat generation and losses, ultimately reducing the fuel cell system's mass power density and efficiency. The traditional 24V low-voltage power supply in fuel cell systems has the following drawbacks: 1. Energy waste: With a fixed component power, the current supplied by a 24V low-voltage power supply is approximately twice that of a 48V power supply. Higher current generates more heat, increasing system energy consumption and reducing efficiency. 2. Wasted installation space and increased wiring weight: Higher current requires thicker wiring harnesses, increasing system size and weight, wasting installation space, and indirectly reducing the system's mass power density. Utility Model Content

[0004] This invention overcomes the above-mentioned shortcomings and provides a fuel cell system with a 48V low-voltage electrical architecture. Using a 48V low-voltage power supply can effectively reduce the wire diameter of the system's low-voltage wiring harness, making the system design simpler, the performance more stable, and improving the system's mass power density and system efficiency to a certain extent.

[0005] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0006] A fuel cell system with a 48V low-voltage electrical architecture includes the following structure:

[0007] (1) Selection of battery for vehicle power supply: The vehicle needs to select a 48V battery to provide power to the various components of the fuel cell system.

[0008] (2) The vehicle's 48V battery supplies power to the system fuse box via the system-vehicle connector wiring harness. The fuse box has three power inputs: one supplying power to the FCU via a 20A fuse, and another supplying power to the FCU high-side drive power supply via a relay; another supplying power to the system's control valves via a 20A fuse and then a relay, including the water distribution valve, water distribution valve PTC, proportional valve, shut-off valve, and a reserved power supply. Each power supply has a 5A fuse. The water distribution valve PTC and shut-off valve are each powered by a relay. The last power supply supplies power to the electrical appliances, first through a 30A fuse, and then through a relay to power eight components. Each power supply has a corresponding fuse, including the three-way valve, inspection module, water pump, first throttle, second throttle, T-BOX, accessory power supply, and a reserved power supply. Detailed circuit diagrams are shown below. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown.

[0009] Its specific structure is as follows:

[0010] A fuel cell system with a 48V low-voltage electrical architecture, wherein a 48V battery provides power to various components of the fuel cell system; the 48V battery supplies power to the system's fuse device through a system-vehicle connector wiring harness, the fuse device including three power inputs: the first input supplies power to the FCU via the fuse device; the second input supplies power to the system's control valves via the fuse device, valve power, and relays; the third input supplies power to the electrical appliances via the fuse device, appliance power, and relays.

[0011] In the first power supply to the FCU via a safety device, a branch of this line supplies power to the main power supply of the FCU's internal high-side drive via a relay control.

[0012] Preferably, the safety device is a fuse.

[0013] Preferably, the control valves of the system include one or more of the following: a water distribution valve, a water distribution PTC valve, a proportional valve, a shut-off valve, and a hydrogen pump, and the control valves of the system are connected in parallel.

[0014] Preferably, each of the reserved power supplies for each control valve in the system is equipped with a 5A fuse.

[0015] Preferably, the PTC water distribution valve and the shut-off valve are each energized by a relay.

[0016] Preferably, the power supply of the electrical appliance is a component power supply; the component includes one or more of the following: a three-way valve power supply, an inspection module, a water pump, a throttle valve, a PTC (heater), a T-BOX (remote terminal monitoring product), and an accessory power supply; the components are connected in parallel.

[0017] Preferably, each of the components is equipped with a 3A safety device.

[0018] Preferably, the relay (3) is a 48V relay.

[0019] Preferably, the fuse connected to the valve power supply 1 in the above system is a 20A fuse; the fuse connected to the appliance power supply 2 is a 30A fuse; and the fuse in the first circuit is a 20A fuse.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this utility model are:

[0021] 1. The 48V system in this invention can more effectively handle high loads and is more efficient. In terms of performance improvement, the 48V system has a higher voltage level, resulting in twice the power output under the same current. The power loss at the same power level is also significantly reduced compared to the 24V system. Lower power loss greatly improves the overall efficiency of the electrical system, removes power limitations, and allows for more precise control of the fuel cell system's electrical components, thus enhancing its performance.

[0022] 2. This invention offers improved maneuverability. Due to the reduction in wiring harness connections, the system design is simpler, performance is more stable, and the size and weight of the wiring harness are reduced, especially for low-power components. This not only makes the fuel cell system more efficient but also improves its maneuverability and production efficiency.

[0023] 3. Compared with the prior art, this utility model is lighter. Since the 48V system uses a smaller current, the size of its wiring harness and related components can be smaller, making the weight of the entire system lighter and thus achieving a greater efficiency improvement.

[0024] 4. Compared with the prior art, this utility model has better scalability. In terms of the scalability of fuel cells, the use of a 48V system has led to new trends in the electrical and communication architecture fields. The 48V regional architecture is becoming a key technology for improving the performance and efficiency of fuel cells, and the addition of 48V has also increased the diversity of scalability. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the fuel cell system with a 48V low-voltage electrical architecture according to this utility model.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fuel cell system with the 48V low-voltage electrical architecture of this utility model.

[0027] The components shown in the diagram are as follows: Valve power supply 1, Appliance power supply 2, 48V relay 3, 20A fuse 4.1, 30A fuse 4.2, Hydrogen pump 5, Shut-off valve 6, Proportional valve 7, Water distribution valve PTC 8, Water distribution valve 9, Three-way valve power supply 10, Inspection module 11, Water pump 12, First throttle valve 13, Second throttle valve 14, PTC 15, T-BOX 16, Accessory power supply 17. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions are illustrated in the following description with specific figures to provide a full understanding of this utility model application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and similar extended embodiments made by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are all within the scope of protection of this utility model. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the 48V battery provides power to all components of the fuel cell system; the 48V battery supplies power to the system fuse device through the system-vehicle connector wiring harness. The fuse device includes three power inputs, the first of which supplies power to the FCU through a 20A fuse device 4.1 (e.g., Figure 2 (As shown); the second path passes through the 20A fuse 4.1 and then through the valve power supply 1 and relay 3 to supply power to the control valves of the system; the third path passes through the 30A fuse 4.2 and then through the appliance power supply 2 and relay 3 to supply power to the appliances.

[0029] The first path supplies power to the FCU via a 20A fuse device 4.1. This path is further divided into two paths that supply power to the FCU's internal high-side drive main power supply via relay 3.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the system control valves include a water distribution valve 9, a water distribution valve PTC 8, a proportional valve 7, a shut-off valve 6, and a hydrogen pump 5. The control valves are connected in parallel. Each power supply line for each control valve is equipped with a 5A fuse. In this embodiment, the 5A fuses for the water distribution valve 9, water distribution valve PTC 8, proportional valve 7, shut-off valve 6, and hydrogen pump 5 are labeled F7, F6, F5, F4, and F3, respectively. The water distribution valve PTC 8 and shut-off valve 6 are each energized by a relay 3.

[0031] like Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, the power supply for the electrical appliances powers the components; the components include a three-way valve power supply 10, a monitoring module 11, a water pump 12, a first throttle valve 13, a second throttle valve 14, a PTC 15, a T-BOX 16, and an accessory power supply 17; the components are connected in parallel. Each component is equipped with a 3A fuse; in this embodiment, the three-way valve power supply 10, the monitoring module 11, the water pump 12, the first throttle valve 13, the second throttle valve 14, the PTC 15, the T-BOX 16, and the accessory power supply 17 are respectively labeled as 3A fuses F8, F9, F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, and F15.

[0032] It should be noted that in this embodiment, relay 3 is a 48V relay.

[0033] The key to the above embodiments lies in using a 48V vehicle battery. By providing a higher voltage, the current flowing through the entire system is reduced. This allows for a reduction in the wire diameter of the wiring harness, thereby reducing energy loss caused by heat generated by the high current in the harness. This reduces both the overall weight and volume of the wiring harness, thus improving the system's mass power density and system efficiency.

[0034] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell system with a 48V low-voltage electrical architecture, characterized in that, The 48V battery provides power to all components of the fuel cell system. The 48V battery supplies power to the system fuse device through the system and vehicle connector wiring harness. The fuse device includes three power inputs. The first input supplies power to the FCU through the fuse device. The second input supplies power to the system control valves through the valve power supply (1) and the relay (3) after passing through the fuse device. The third input supplies power to the electrical appliances through the appliance power supply (2) and the relay (3). In the first power supply to the FCU via the safety device, one of the circuits is connected to the main power supply of the high-side drive inside the FCU via a relay (3).

2. The fuel cell system with a 48V low-voltage electrical architecture as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The safety device is a fuse.

3. The fuel cell system with a 48V low-voltage electrical architecture as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The system's control valves include one or more of the following: a water distribution valve (9), a water distribution PTC valve (8), a proportional valve (7), a shut-off valve (6), and a hydrogen pump (5). The control valves of the system are connected in parallel.

4. The fuel cell system with a 48V low-voltage electrical architecture as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Each of the reserved power supplies for each control valve in the system is equipped with a 5A fuse.

5. The fuel cell system with a 48V low-voltage electrical architecture as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The water distribution valve PTC (8) and the shut-off valve (6) are each energized by a relay (3).

6. The fuel cell system with a 48V low-voltage electrical architecture as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply of the electrical appliance provides power to the components; the components include one or more of the following: a three-way valve (10), an inspection module (11), a water pump (12), a throttle valve, a PTC (15), a T-BOX (16), and an accessory power supply (17); the components are connected in parallel.

7. The fuel cell system with a 48V low-voltage electrical architecture as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Each of the components is equipped with a 3A safety device.

8. The fuel cell system with a 48V low-voltage electrical architecture as described in claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, The relay (3) is a 48V relay.

9. The fuel cell system with a 48V low-voltage electrical architecture as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fuse connected to the valve power supply (1) is a 20A fuse; the fuse connected to the appliance power supply (2) is a 30A fuse; and the fuse in the first circuit is a 20A fuse.

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