Electric arc furnace

Abstract

The utility model relates to an electric arc furnace which comprises a furnace body, a large furnace cover and a small furnace cover, and an electrode hole is formed in the small furnace cover. The large furnace cover is provided with a rotary driving mechanism, and the rotary driving mechanism comprises a rotary frame and a rotary driving unit for driving the rotary frame to rotate; the small furnace cover is provided with a small furnace cover lifting mechanism, the small furnace cover lifting mechanism comprises a lifting hook and a small furnace cover lifting power unit used for driving the lifting hook to ascend and descend, the small furnace cover lifting power unit is arranged on the rotating frame, and a lifting hook guiding unit used for preventing the lifting hook from rotating in the lifting process is arranged on the rotating frame. A lifting ring matched with the lifting hook is arranged on the small furnace cover; and the lifting ring hole is higher than the hook body of the lifting hook. According to the utility model, the lifting hook guide unit is configured to ensure that the lifting hook does not rotate during lifting, so that the lifting hook can reliably hook a lifting ring on the small furnace cover every time, automatic unhooking operation is realized, the smoothness and safety of the lifting operation of the small furnace cover are ensured, and the working efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of electric arc furnace steelmaking technology, specifically relating to an electric arc furnace. Background Technology

[0002] The small furnace cover is an important component of the electric arc furnace, generally made of refractory material. It serves multiple functions, including shielding the arc light, reducing heat loss, and protecting the furnace top equipment. Electrode holes are typically provided on the small furnace cover, through which the electrodes extend into the furnace. Currently, the small furnace cover is usually installed on the large furnace cover and moves with it; however, there are also technologies that provide a separate lifting mechanism for the small furnace cover, facilitating individual maintenance of both the small and large furnace covers.

[0003] Existing small furnace cover lifting mechanisms generally use chains / wire ropes to drive hooks to lift the small furnace cover. This method can keep the power equipment away from high-temperature environments, ensuring the service life of the power equipment. After the hook separates from the lifting ring on the small furnace cover, it will not affect the normal production of the electric arc furnace. However, the small furnace cover is prone to shaking during lifting, which may cause the hook and lifting ring to become misaligned. Each time the small furnace cover is lifted, the relative positions of the hook and lifting ring need to be repositioned, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and makes it difficult to ensure operational safety. Utility Model Content

[0004] This utility model relates to an electric arc furnace, which can at least solve some of the defects of the prior art.

[0005] This utility model relates to an electric arc furnace, including a furnace body, a large furnace cover, and a small furnace cover. The small furnace cover is provided with electrode holes. The large furnace cover is equipped with a rotary drive mechanism, which includes a rotating frame and a rotary drive unit for driving the rotating frame to rotate. The small furnace cover is equipped with a small furnace cover lifting mechanism, which includes a hook and a small furnace cover lifting power unit for driving the hook to lift. The small furnace cover lifting power unit is disposed on the rotating frame, and the rotating frame is provided with a hook guide unit to avoid the rotation direction when the hook is lifted. The small furnace cover is provided with a lifting ring that cooperates with the hook, and the height of the lifting ring hole is greater than the height of the hook body.

[0006] As one embodiment, the hook guide unit is a guide unit in the form of a guide rod-guide hole cooperation, and the hook is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the guide rod.

[0007] As one implementation method, a guide rod and guide hole with a cross-shaped cross section are used.

[0008] As one embodiment, the small furnace cover lifting power unit includes a power device and a soft chain connected to the power device. The soft chain is deflected by pulleys and then connected to the hook guide unit.

[0009] As one implementation method, there are multiple hooks, and the number of lifting rings is matched.

[0010] As one embodiment, the large furnace cover is provided with an annular sealing wall protruding upwards, and the small furnace cover is provided with an annular slit groove. The annular slit groove is formed by an upward indentation from the bottom surface of the small furnace cover. The annular sealing wall is inserted into the annular slit groove. The width of the annular slit groove is greater than the thickness of the annular sealing wall, and the difference between the two is designed so that the annular sealing wall does not interfere with the small furnace cover when the large furnace cover is tilted.

[0011] As one implementation method, the depth of the annular slit groove is not less than the height of the annular sealing wall.

[0012] As one implementation method, the annular sealing wall is an elliptical annular wall, the annular slit groove is an elliptical annular groove, and the major axis directions of both are parallel to the direction of the line connecting the front and rear of the furnace.

[0013] As one embodiment, the electric arc furnace also includes electrodes and is equipped with an electrode lifting drive mechanism. The electrode lifting drive mechanism includes a lifting column and an electrode lifting drive cylinder for driving the lifting column to lift. The electrodes are mounted on the lifting column via a conductive cross arm.

[0014] As one embodiment, the rotating frame has a hollow structure, and the lifting column is installed inside the rotating frame.

[0015] This utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0016] In this invention, by configuring a hook guide unit in the small furnace cover lifting mechanism, the hook will not rotate during lifting, thereby ensuring that the hook can reliably hook onto the lifting ring on the small furnace cover each time and realize automatic unhooking operation, ensuring the smoothness and safety of the small furnace cover lifting operation and improving work efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric arc furnace provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 A top view of the electric arc furnace provided for an embodiment of this utility model (including two states of the large furnace cover);

[0020] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the tilting state of the electric arc furnace provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 4 Schematic diagrams of the large furnace cover lifting mechanism and the small furnace cover lifting mechanism provided in the embodiments of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the hook and the ring.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the guide rod and guide hole with a cross-shaped cross section. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0025] like Figures 1-3 This utility model provides an electric arc furnace, including a furnace body 11, a large furnace cover 12 and a small furnace cover 13, wherein the small furnace cover 13 is provided with electrode holes.

[0026] In one embodiment, the large furnace cover 12 is a frame-type water-cooled structure, consisting of several water-cooled plates suspended on a water-cooled frame. The water-cooled frame not only provides structural support but also serves as a channel for water supply and drainage to the water-cooled plates.

[0027] The electrode holes on the small furnace cover 13 are for the electrodes 21 to pass through. Generally, there are three electrodes 21, which are arranged in a triangle. Correspondingly, there are three electrode holes, which are also arranged in a triangle.

[0028] Preferably, the large furnace cover 12 is equipped with a rotary drive mechanism for driving the large furnace cover 12 to rotate in the horizontal plane, so that the large furnace cover 12 can be lifted off the furnace body 11 or closed onto the furnace body 11. The rotary drive mechanism is set on the workshop foundation.

[0029] like Figure 1 The rotary drive mechanism includes a rotating frame 20 and a rotary drive unit for driving the rotating frame 20 to rotate. The rotating frame 20 is rotatably mounted on a workshop foundation, including but not limited to a slewing bearing 24 installed on the workshop foundation. The slewing bearing 24 includes a rotatably fitted outer bearing ring and an inner bearing ring, and the rotating frame 20 is connected to the outer bearing ring or the inner bearing ring. The rotary drive unit can be a conventional rotary drive device, which will not be exemplified here.

[0030] Generally, electrode 21 is equipped with an electrode lifting drive mechanism, which can adjust the height of electrode 21 in real time. Preferably, as follows: Figure 1 The electrode lifting drive mechanism includes a lifting column 23 and an electrode lifting drive cylinder 25 for driving the lifting column 23 to lift. The electrode 21 can be mounted on the lifting column 23 via a conductive cross arm 22. The lifting column 23 drives the conductive cross arm 22 to lift, thereby realizing the lifting of the electrode 21. In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 The aforementioned rotating frame 20 has a hollow structure, and the lifting column 23 is installed inside the rotating frame 20. Furthermore, the bottom end of the lifting column 23 extends out of the bottom end of the rotating frame 20 and is connected to the electrode lifting drive cylinder 25, and the top end of the lifting column 23 extends out of the top end of the rotating frame 20 to facilitate the installation of the conductive cross arm 22. Furthermore, in order to ensure that the electrode 21 can be vertically raised and lowered and to avoid damage caused by mutual collision and friction between the electrode 21 and the electrode hole, a column guide structure can be set inside the rotating frame 20 to ensure that the lifting column 23 will not swing when it rises and falls. The column guide structure includes, but is not limited to, the use of multiple guide wheels to guide and cooperate with the lifting column 23.

[0031] Preferably, the rotary drive mechanism is detachably coupled with the large furnace cover 12, which can improve the operational flexibility of the electric arc furnace. For example, after the rotary drive mechanism is separated from the large furnace cover 12, the large furnace cover 12 can be easily tilted with the furnace body 11.

[0032] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 The rotating frame 20 of the rotary drive mechanism is equipped with a large furnace cover lifting mechanism. The large furnace cover lifting mechanism is detachably engaged with the large furnace cover 12. That is, the detachable engagement relationship between the rotary drive mechanism and the large furnace cover 12 can be realized through the large furnace cover lifting mechanism. By configuring the large furnace cover lifting mechanism, operations such as lifting and lowering the large furnace cover 12 and lifting and rotating the large furnace cover 12 can be realized, thereby improving the operational flexibility of the electric arc furnace and reducing the interference between the large furnace cover 12 and the furnace body 11 during the rotation process.

[0033] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 4The furnace cover lifting mechanism includes a lifting frame 26 and a furnace cover lifting power unit 260 for driving the lifting frame 26 to lift. The furnace cover lifting power unit 260 is mounted on a rotating frame 20. The lifting frame 26 is provided with a first docking unit and the furnace cover 12 is provided with a second docking unit. Under the drive of the furnace cover lifting power unit 260, the lifting frame 26 can drive the first docking unit and the second docking unit to couple or separate. After the first docking unit and the second docking unit are coupled, the connection between the lifting frame 26 and the furnace cover 12 is realized. When the lifting frame 26 rises further, it can drive the furnace cover 12 to rise. When the lifting frame 26 falls, it can drive the furnace cover 12 to fall until the first docking unit and the second docking unit separate. At this time, the separation between the lifting frame 26 and the furnace cover 12 is realized.

[0034] Optionally, such as Figure 4 The first docking unit includes a positioning top 262 and a lifting support plate 261. The positioning top 262 is located at the top of the lifting frame 26, and the lifting support plate 261 is located at the end of the lifting frame 26 near the furnace body 11. Correspondingly, the second docking unit includes a lifting positioning hole 152 and a lifting support plate 151 provided on the large furnace cover 12. The lifting positioning hole 152 is located directly above the positioning top 262, and the lifting support plate 151 is located directly above the lifting support plate 261. When the positioning top 262 is engaged in the positioning hole, the lifting support plate 261 abuts against the lifting support plate 151, thereby achieving coupling between the lifting frame 26 and the large furnace cover 12. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 A support arm 15 can be extended from the furnace cover 12, and a lifting positioning hole 152 and a lifting support plate 151 are provided on the support arm 15, which can facilitate the coupling and separation between the support arm and the lifting frame 26.

[0035] Preferably, a lifting frame guide structure 263 can be provided on the rotating frame 20 to ensure that the lifting frame does not swing when it rises or falls. The lifting frame guide structure 263 includes, but is not limited to, the use of guide columns and guide wheels. The guide columns can be set on the lifting frame and guide the guide wheels set on the rotating frame 20.

[0036] The aforementioned large furnace cover lifting power unit 260 includes, but is not limited to, the use of hydraulic cylinders, and one or more large furnace cover lifting power units 260 can be set.

[0037] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4The small furnace cover 13 is equipped with a small furnace cover lifting mechanism 27, which is preferably mounted on the rotating frame 20. This facilitates the arrangement of the small furnace cover lifting mechanism 27 and the related operations of the small furnace cover 13, for example, allowing the small furnace cover 13 to rotate together with the rotating frame 20. Furthermore, the small furnace cover lifting mechanism 27 is detachably connected to the small furnace cover 13, which can improve the operational flexibility of the electric arc furnace.

[0038] In one embodiment, such as Figures 1-5 The small furnace cover lifting mechanism 27 includes a hook 273 and a small furnace cover lifting power unit for driving the hook 273 to lift. Multiple hooks 273 are preferably provided to improve the stability of lifting the small furnace cover 13. Correspondingly, multiple lifting rings are provided on the small furnace cover 13. Preferably, the lifting ring hole 131 is designed to have a relatively large height (e.g., an elliptical lifting ring hole 131) to ensure that the hook 273 can freely enter and exit the lifting ring hole 131. For example, the height of the lifting ring hole 131 is greater than the hook body height h of the hook 273.

[0039] Preferably, such as Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 A hook guide unit 274 is provided on the rotating frame 20 to ensure that the hook 273 does not rotate during lifting and lowering, thereby ensuring that the hook 273 can reliably hook onto the lifting ring on the small furnace cover 13 each time. The hook guide unit 274 includes, but is not limited to, a guide rod 2741-guide hole 2742 cooperation form. For example, a guide hole 2742 is opened on the rotating frame 20, and a guide rod 2741 is fixedly connected to the top of the hook 273. The guide rod 2741 and the guide hole 2742 guide and cooperate to ensure that the hook 273 does not rotate during lifting and lowering. Further, such as... Figure 6 The guide rod 2741 with a cross-shaped cross section and the guide hole 2742 provide better guidance and constraint for the hook 273.

[0040] Optionally, such as Figure 4 The small furnace cover lifting power unit uses a soft chain 272 in conjunction with a pulley. After the soft chain 272 is turned by the pulley, it is connected to the hook guide unit 274, which facilitates the arrangement of these power devices. The soft chain 272 can be a chain, wire rope, etc. The power device 271 connected to the soft chain 272 can be a linear drive device such as a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder.

[0041] In one embodiment, such as Figures 1-4The large furnace cover 12 has an annular sealing wall 120 protruding upwards, and the small furnace cover 13 has an annular slit groove 130. The annular slit groove 130 is formed by an upward indentation from the bottom surface of the small furnace cover 13. The annular sealing wall 120 is inserted into the annular slit groove 130. The width of the annular slit groove 130 is greater than the thickness of the annular sealing wall 120, and the difference between the two is designed so that the annular sealing wall 120 does not interfere with the small furnace cover 13 when the large furnace cover 12 is tilted.

[0042] The furnace body 11 is connected to a tilting mechanism 14. Optionally, the tilting mechanism 14 includes a tilting platform and a tilting cylinder 141. The furnace body 11 is mounted on the tilting platform, preferably by means of a positioning pin on the upper surface of the tilting platform. The tilting platform is movably mounted on the workshop foundation, including but not limited to an arc-shaped support frame 143 on each side of the bottom of the tilting platform, each arc-shaped support frame 143 being supported by a rotating wheel 142 fixed on the workshop foundation. The cylinder body of the tilting cylinder 141 is hinged to the workshop foundation, and the output end of the tilting cylinder 141 is hinged to the tilting platform. Driven by the tilting cylinder 141, the entire tilting platform can rotate relative to the workshop foundation, ultimately achieving rapid steel tapping and exposing the steel tapping port inside the furnace for sand filling, etc.

[0043] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 The annular sealing wall 120 is an elliptical annular wall, and the annular slit groove 130 is an elliptical annular groove. The major axis of both is parallel to the line connecting the front and rear of the furnace. Based on this design, the relative movement requirements between the annular sealing wall 120 and the annular slit groove 130 can be better met, and the interference between them can be reduced.

[0044] The width of the straight section of the annular slit groove 130 can be slightly larger than the thickness of the straight section of the annular sealing wall 120. For example, the straight section groove and the straight section wall can be fitted with a gap to reduce the amount of flue gas leaking between them. The gap fit between them can also achieve a guiding fit, which can improve the stability and accuracy of the relative movement between the annular sealing wall 120 and the annular slit groove 130.

[0045] The arc-shaped section of the annular slit groove 130 preferably has a uniform groove width, and the arc-shaped section of the annular sealing wall 120 preferably has a uniform thickness. The difference between the groove width of the arc-shaped section and the thickness of the arc-shaped section satisfies the requirement that "the annular sealing wall 120 does not interfere with the small furnace cover 13 when the large furnace cover 12 is tilted". This difference is related to factors such as the tilting angle of the furnace body 11, and is preferably controlled within the range of 50 to 100 mm.

[0046] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4The inner ring of the annular slit groove 130 is chamfered. In the above-mentioned scheme using an elliptical annular groove, at least the inner ring of the arc-shaped groove is chamfered. This further reduces interference between the annular sealing wall 120 and the annular slit groove 130 during tilting. Furthermore, the inner ring root of the annular sealing wall 120 is thickened to form a bevel, facilitating its fit with the chamfered groove and ensuring a labyrinth seal effect between the annular slit groove 130 and the annular sealing wall 120.

[0047] Preferably, the depth of the annular slit groove 130 is not less than the height of the annular sealing wall 120, which can ensure that the bottom end of the small furnace cover 13 is fastened to the top end of the large furnace cover 12 in a non-tilting state, thus ensuring a tight seal.

[0048] This embodiment provides an operation method for the above-mentioned electric arc furnace, including:

[0049] When steel needs to be tapped, the small furnace cover 13 is raised to a set height, and the furnace body 11 is tilted by the tilting mechanism 14 to tap the steel. The large furnace cover 12 tilts with the furnace body 11 and drives the annular sealing wall 120 to rotate relative to the small furnace cover 13. There is no interference between the annular sealing wall 120 and the small furnace cover 13, and the annular sealing wall 120 does not detach from the annular slit groove 130.

[0050] After tapping is complete, the furnace body 11 and the small furnace cover 13 are reset.

[0051] In the above-mentioned steel tapping operation, the electrode 21 and its supporting facilities (conductive cross arm 22, lifting column 23, etc.) and the rotary drive mechanism (including rotating frame 20 and rotary bearing 24) do not need to be tilted, thus significantly simplifying the tilting steel tapping operation and ensuring the safety of the steel tapping operation.

[0052] Furthermore, based on the above-mentioned electric arc furnace, its operation method also includes:

[0053] When it is necessary to replace or align the electrodes 21, the drive unit raises each electrode 21 to a high position. The drive unit 20 then rotates the lifting column 23, conductive crossarm 22, and electrodes 21 to the tapping side to perform the electrode replacement or alignment operation. During the electrode 21 rotation process, the small furnace cover lifting mechanism 27 separates from the small furnace cover 13 (for example, see...). Figure 5 This ensures that the hook 273 is in its lowest position, and when the hook 273 rotates with the rotating frame 20, it disengages from the lifting ring, thus preventing the small furnace cover 13 from rotating with the electrode 21. At this time, a crane can also be used to lift the small furnace cover 13 or the large furnace cover 12 to the maintenance and repair area.

[0054] Furthermore, based on the above-mentioned electric arc furnace, its operation method also includes:

[0055] When the large furnace cover 12 needs to be replaced, the small furnace cover 13 is lifted to the highest point by the small furnace cover lifting mechanism 27, so that the small furnace cover 13 is completely separated from the large furnace cover 12. Then the rotating frame 20 is driven to rotate, and the electrode 21, together with the small furnace cover 13, is rotated to the tapping side. The large furnace cover 12 can be transported to the maintenance area by crane for maintenance.

[0056] Furthermore, based on the above-mentioned electric arc furnace, its operation method also includes:

[0057] When the furnace body 11 needs to be replaced or repaired, the large furnace cover lifting mechanism is activated to lift the large furnace cover 12. Since the small furnace cover 13 is placed on the large furnace cover 12, the small furnace cover 13 is also lifted up together. When the large furnace cover 12 is lifted to the high position, the rotating frame 20 is driven to rotate. The large furnace cover 12, the small furnace cover 13, the electrode 21, and the conductive cross arm 22 are rotated together to the steel tapping side. Then, the furnace body 11 is lifted by a crane to the maintenance area for repair.

[0058] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An electric arc furnace, comprising a furnace body, a large furnace cover, and a small furnace cover, wherein the small furnace cover has electrode holes; the large furnace cover is equipped with a rotary drive mechanism, the rotary drive mechanism comprising a rotating frame and a rotary drive unit for driving the rotating frame to rotate; the small furnace cover is equipped with a small furnace cover lifting mechanism, characterized in that, The small furnace cover lifting mechanism includes a hook and a small furnace cover lifting power unit for driving the hook to lift. The small furnace cover lifting power unit is mounted on the rotating frame, and the rotating frame is provided with a hook guide unit to avoid the rotation direction when the hook is lifted. The small furnace cover is provided with a lifting ring that cooperates with the hook, and the height of the lifting ring hole is greater than the height of the hook body.

2. The electric arc furnace as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The hook guide unit is a guide unit with a guide rod and guide hole, and the hook is fixed to the bottom end of the guide rod.

3. The electric arc furnace as described in claim 2, characterized in that: Guide rods and guide holes with a cross-shaped cross section are used.

4. The electric arc furnace as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The small furnace cover lifting power unit includes a power device and a soft chain connected to the power device. The soft chain is deflected by pulleys and then connected to the hook guide unit.

5. The electric arc furnace as described in claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple hooks, and the number of lifting rings is matched.

6. The electric arc furnace as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The large furnace cover has an upwardly protruding annular sealing wall, and the small furnace cover has an annular slit groove. The annular slit groove is formed by an upward indentation from the bottom surface of the small furnace cover. The annular sealing wall is inserted into the annular slit groove. The width of the annular slit groove is greater than the thickness of the annular sealing wall, and the difference between the two is designed so that the annular sealing wall does not interfere with the small furnace cover when the large furnace cover is tilted.

7. The electric arc furnace as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The depth of the annular slit groove is not less than the height of the annular sealing wall.

8. The electric arc furnace as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The annular sealing wall is an elliptical annular wall, and the annular slit groove is an elliptical annular groove, with the major axis of both being parallel to the line connecting the front and rear of the furnace.

9. The electric arc furnace as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes electrodes and is equipped with an electrode lifting drive mechanism, which includes a lifting column and an electrode lifting drive cylinder for driving the lifting column to lift. The electrodes are mounted on the lifting column via a conductive cross arm.

10. The electric arc furnace as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The rotating frame has a hollow structure, and the lifting column is installed inside the rotating frame.

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