Target reconnaissance interference device for low, slow and small aircraft
By setting up transceiver antennas, high-power switches, microwave transceiver units, and signal processing units, combined with high-gain filters and amplifiers, the problem of reconnaissance and jamming of low, slow, and small aircraft in complex environments was solved, achieving long-range, highly sensitive target reconnaissance and jamming effects.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423189325.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-18
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies are insufficient to effectively detect and interfere with low-speed, small aircraft, especially in urban areas where tall buildings and mountains obstruct the view. Detection range is limited, and low-to-medium technology low-speed, small aircraft can be deployed quickly, have strong stealth and infiltration capabilities, and lack effective countermeasures.
Employing a transceiver antenna, a high-power switch, a microwave transceiver unit, a signal processing unit, and a microwave power amplifier, the system identifies target signals and generates interference signals by switching between receiving and transmitting signals. High-gain and low-noise filters and amplifiers are used to amplify and filter the signals, thereby achieving target reconnaissance and jamming.
It enables long-range reconnaissance and jamming of low, slow, and small aircraft. It has a simple structure, high sensitivity, and can accurately identify and jam targets, meeting the needs of reconnaissance and jamming.
Smart Images
Figure CN223567637U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to reconnaissance interference technical field especially low slow small aircraft target reconnaissance interference device. BACKGROUND
[0002] The flight height of the "low slow small" aircraft of the present technology is generally below 1500 meters, which belongs to low altitude detection range. The "low slow small" aircraft has the advantages of small size, stealth, low cost, high flight flexibility, etc. During conventional radar detection, the ground clutter signal often covers the target signal due to the influence of the earth curvature and the ground object shielding angle. The optical instrument detection and visual observation search are affected or blocked by the city high buildings and surrounding mountains, etc. The detection distance is limited, and continuous tracking and positioning is difficult. In addition, the "low slow small" aircraft of medium and low technical level is usually easy to assemble, deploy quickly, has short flight preparation time, and has low requirements for take-off site conditions. It can take off and land flexibly from the roof, open land, street or water surface in a short distance. The "low slow small" aircraft of high technical level has strong stealth penetration ability. It can cooperate with high-altitude high-speed or sea-based long-range launch platform to make the time and mode of penetration more flexible and diverse. At the same time, most of the "low slow small" aircrafts have good super-low altitude maneuvering performance, and the flight route is generally not fixed. It often attacks suddenly from the dark single point or multiple points without obvious early signs and lacks specific flight rules, making it difficult to respond effectively.
[0003] Therefore, it is urgent to provide a low slow small aircraft target reconnaissance interference device with simple structure and high sensitivity. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT
[0004] In view of the above problems, the utility model aims to provide a low slow small aircraft target reconnaissance interference device. The utility model adopts the following technical solutions:
[0005] A low slow small aircraft target reconnaissance interference device includes a plurality of transceiving antennas for acquiring and collecting signals and transmitting amplified interference signals, a high-power switch connected one-to-one with the transceiving antennas and performing signal switching for receiving and transmitting, a microwave transceiving unit connected with the high-power switch, acquiring and collecting signals and performing filtering processing, a signal processing unit connected with the microwave transceiving unit, processing the filtered collected signals to obtain target signals, triggering interference signals and sending them to the microwave transceiving unit, and a microwave power amplifier connected with the microwave transceiving unit and the high-power switch and amplifying the interference signals.
[0006] Further, the microwave transceiving unit comprises a plurality of receiving channels and transmitting channels corresponding to the transceiving antennas; the receiving channel comprises a limiter, a first filter, a first amplifier, a first fixed attenuator, a first programmable attenuator, a first equalizer, a second amplifier, a second fixed attenuator and a second filter connected in sequence; the limiter is connected with a high-power switch; the second filter is connected with a signal processing unit. The first filter is a band-pass filter to filter out signals outside the passband. The passband frequency is 400-6000MHz; the first amplifier and the second amplifier both have the characteristics of low noise, high gain and high output P-1. The noise coefficient is ≤1.5dB within the working frequency band; the gain is ≥19dB; the output P-1 is ≥20dBm. The first fixed attenuator and the second fixed attenuator have the characteristics of low standing wave coefficient. The standing wave coefficient is ≤1.2dB. The fixed attenuation is 3dB; the first programmable attenuator mainly adjusts the gain of the link, and has an adjustable range of 30dB. The first equalizer has the characteristics of low loss and low standing wave coefficient, and the typical standing wave coefficient is <1.2; the second filter is selected according to the frequency band of different antennas. The passband frequencies are 0.4-1GHz, 1-3GHz and 3-6GHz respectively.
[0007] The transmitting channel comprises a third filter, a third amplifier, a third fixed attenuator, a second programmable attenuator, a second equalizer, a fourth amplifier, a fourth fixed attenuator and a fourth filter connected in sequence; the third filter is connected with a signal processing unit; the fourth filter is connected with a microwave power amplifier. The third filter and the fourth filter are mainly used for filtering harmonics and spurs, and are selected according to the antenna segments. The passband frequencies are 0.4-1GHz, 1-3GHz and 3-6GHz respectively; the third amplifier and the fourth amplifier have the characteristics of low noise and high output P-1. The noise coefficient is <2dB, and the output P-1 is >20dB. The third fixed attenuator and the fourth fixed attenuator have the characteristics of low standing wave coefficient. The standing wave coefficient is ≤1.2dB. The fixed attenuation is 3dB; the second programmable attenuator mainly adjusts the gain of the link, and has an adjustable range of 30dB. The second equalizer has the characteristics of low loss and low standing wave coefficient, and the typical standing wave coefficient is <1.2.
[0008] Further, the limiting power of the limiter is 15dBm.
[0009] Further, the microwave power amplifier comprises a fifth filter, a fifth amplifier, a fifth fixed attenuator, a drive amplifier and a power amplifier connected in sequence; the fifth filter is connected with the fourth filter; the power amplifier is connected with the high-power switch; the fifth filter is used for filtering part of the harmonic wave and the clutter, and is segmented according to the frequency band of the antenna, and the passband of the filter is 0.4-1GHz, 1-3GHz and 3-6GHz respectively; the fifth fixed attenuator is a 3dB fixed attenuator, and is used for matching the output of the amplifier; the fifth amplifier has the characteristic of high output P-1, and the output P-1 of the amplifier is greater than 25dBm; the drive amplifier is used for providing an excitation signal for the power amplifier, and the output power of the drive amplifier is greater than 40dBm; and the power amplifier is used for power output, and the output power of the power amplifier is greater than 50dBm.
[0010] Further, the signal processing unit comprises:
[0011] The ADC module is connected with the second filter, acquires the acquisition signal and performs analog-digital conversion;
[0012] The FPGA module is connected with the ADC module, acquires the acquisition signal subjected to analog-digital conversion, and performs target signal extraction; and triggers the interference signal;
[0013] The DAC module is connected with the FPGA module, acquires the interference signal output by the FPGA module, and performs digital-analog conversion;
[0014] The PLL module is connected with the ADC module and the DAC module, and generates a clock signal;
[0015] The FLAH module is connected with the FPGA module, and performs program storage of the FPGA module;
[0016] The EMMC module is connected with the ADC module and the DAC module, and performs data storage.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of the following:
[0018] (1) the utility model discloses a transceiving antenna, a high-power switch, a microwave transceiving unit, a signal processing unit and a microwave power amplifier are arranged, the acquisition signal is acquired by the transceiving antenna, is amplified and filtered through the receiving channel of the microwave transceiving unit and is sent to the signal processing unit for analysis after the high-power switch to the microwave transceiving unit.
[0019] (2) The utility model discloses a high -power switch is set up for receiving and dispatching switching, it has low insertion loss and the characteristics of high power resistance. In addition, the utility model discloses the amplitude limiter, first filter, first amplifier, first fixed attenuator, first programmable attenuator, first equalizer, second amplifier, second fixed attenuator and second filter as receiving channel that are connected in turn are used for the amplification filter of signal acquisition, and receiving channel has low noise, high gain and other characteristics.
[0020] (3) The utility model discloses third filter, third amplifier, third fixed attenuator, second programmable attenuator, second equalizer, fourth amplifier, fourth fixed attenuator and fourth filter as transmitting channel, it has high gain, high power characteristics.
[0021] (4) The utility model discloses fifth filter, fifth amplifier, fifth fixed attenuator, drive amplifier and power amplifier as microwave power amplifier, for the amplified interference signal of transmitting channel of microwave transceiver unit again, to reach the effect of long-distance interference target.
[0022] Summarized above, the utility model has simple structure, high sensitivity, accurate and reliable and so on Advantages, in the reconnaissance interference technical field has very high practical value and popularization value. ACCURACY
[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme of the embodiment of the utility model, the following will be to the drawing needed in the embodiment used briefly introduces, should understand, the following drawing only shows some certain embodiment of the utility model, therefore should not be regarded as the limitation to the scope of protection, for the person skilled in the art, under the premise of not paying the creative labor, can also obtain other related drawings according to these drawings.
[0024] Figure 1 It is the schematic diagram of the utility model.
[0025] Figure 2 It is the schematic diagram of the receiving channel in the utility model.
[0026] Figure 3 It is the schematic diagram of the transmitting channel in the utility model.
[0027] Figure 4 It is the schematic diagram of the microwave power amplifier in the utility model.
[0028] Figure 5 It is the schematic diagram of the signal processing unit in the utility model.
[0029] Figure 6 It is the time-frequency spectrum diagram of the signal of the certain unmanned plane in the utility model.
[0030] Figure 7The utility model discloses a demodulation constellation diagram of certain unmanned plane.
[0031] Figure 8 The utility model discloses the gain test diagram of receiving channel.
[0032] Figure 9 The utility model discloses the sensitivity test diagram of receiving channel.
[0033] Figure 10 The utility model discloses the gain test diagram of transmitting channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the present application more clear, the utility model will be further described below in combination with the drawings and examples, and the embodiment of the utility model includes but is not limited to the following examples. Based on the examples in the present application, all other examples obtained by the person skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the scope of protection of the present application.
[0035] In the embodiment, the term "and / or" is only used to describe the association relationship of the associated objects, and can exist three kinds of relationships, for example, A and / or B can represent the following three cases: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.
[0036] The terms "first" and "second" and the like in the specification and claims of the embodiment are used to distinguish different objects, and are not used to describe the specific order of the objects. For example, the first target object and the second target object are used to distinguish different target objects, and are not used to describe the specific order of the target objects.
[0037] In the embodiment of the present application, the words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to represent as an example, illustration or description. Any embodiment or design scheme described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiment of the present application should not be interpreted as more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or design schemes. In fact, the words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are intended to present the relevant concept in a specific way.
[0038] In the description of the embodiment of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more. For example, a plurality of processing units refers to two or more processing units; a plurality of systems refers to two or more systems.
[0039] As Figures 1 to 10As shown, the embodiment provides a low-slow-small aircraft target reconnaissance jamming device, which comprises a transceiving antenna, a high-power switch, a microwave transceiving unit, a signal processing unit and a microwave power amplifier. Here, the high-power switch is connected with the transceiving antenna, and after the signal is received from the transceiving antenna, it is sent to the microwave transceiving unit through the high-power switch, and after being amplified and filtered by the receiving channel of the microwave transceiving unit, it is sent to the signal processing unit for analysis. After digital down-conversion to IQ signal by the signal processing unit, the IQ signal is processed by extraction, filtering and other processes. The embodiment extracts the target signal characteristic signal, compares it with the target library, and identifies the target signal. Then, the modulated jamming signal is generated by the signal processing unit, the jamming signal is amplified and filtered from the transmitting channel of the microwave transceiving unit, and then amplified by the microwave power amplifier. Then, it is radiated and output through the transceiving antenna to achieve the purpose of target reconnaissance and jamming.
[0040] In the embodiment, the transceiving antenna is used for receiving and jamming external target signals. The embodiment shows three frequency bands, and theoretically can satisfy N frequency bands (N≥1). The three frequency bands are: 400MHz-1000MHz, 1000MHz-3000MHz and 3000MHz-6000MHz.
[0041] In the embodiment, the high-power switch is connected with the transceiving antenna one by one, and the receiving and transmitting signals are switched. The switching speed of the high-power switch is 15ms, the insertion loss is <0.4dB, the bearing power is >150W, and the transceiving isolation is >65dB.
[0042] In the embodiment, the microwave transceiving unit is composed of a receiving channel and a transmitting channel. The receiving channel is connected with a limiter, a first filter, a first amplifier, a first fixed attenuator, a first programmable attenuator, a first equalizer, a second amplifier, a second fixed attenuator and a second filter in sequence. The transmitting channel is connected with a third filter, a third amplifier, a third fixed attenuator, a second programmable attenuator, a second equalizer, a fourth amplifier, a fourth fixed attenuator and a fourth filter in sequence. The limiter is used to limit the power of the collected signal received by the transceiving antenna, and then the signal is sent to the filter and the amplifier for filtering and amplification. The limiting power of the limiter is 15 dBm. The first filter, the second filter, the third filter and the fourth filter are used for filtering of each channel to filter out noise and harmonic waves. The amplified collected signal is sent to the signal processing unit for data analysis after passing through the programmable attenuator and the equalizer. The limiter used in the embodiment has the advantages of low insertion loss, small return loss and high input-output isolation. The limiter can improve the linear sensitivity of the receiving channel. In addition, the first amplifier and the second amplifier have the advantages of low noise coefficient, high gain, high 1 dB compression point and high third-order intermodulation to prevent the low noise amplifier from being saturated by the large signal (collected signal) transmitted by the transceiving antenna, thereby affecting the receiving sensitivity of the system. In addition, the programmable attenuator has the characteristics of low insertion loss, high 1 dB compression point and high third-order intermodulation. The main function of the filter used in the embodiment is to suppress the received noise and harmonic signals.
[0043] In the embodiment, the main function of the transmitting channel is to amplify and filter the interference signal generated by the signal processing unit to ensure that the interference signal can normally drive the power amplifier of the microwave power amplifier. Specifically, the transmitting channel includes a third filter, a third amplifier, a third fixed attenuator, a second programmable attenuator, a second equalizer, a fourth amplifier, a fourth fixed attenuator and a fourth filter connected in sequence. The third amplifier and the fourth amplifier are medium power amplifiers, which are mainly used to ensure that the input power of the microwave power amplifier can normally drive the power amplifier. In addition, the third fixed attenuator and the fourth fixed attenuator are mainly used for output standing wave matching of the amplifier and overall link gain matching, and a 3 dB fixed attenuator is usually used.
[0044] In the embodiment, the microwave power amplifier is connected with the microwave transceiver unit and the high-power switch, and performs signal amplification on the interference signal. The microwave power amplifier comprises a fifth filter, a fifth amplifier, a fifth fixed attenuator, a drive amplifier and a power amplifier connected in sequence. The fifth filter is used to filter the spurs and harmonics after amplification of the microwave transceiver unit. The fifth amplifier is used to amplify the signal of the microwave transceiver unit. The fifth fixed attenuator and the sixth fixed attenuator are used for inter-amplifier standing wave matching, to prevent the deterioration of the standing wave coefficient of the cascaded amplifiers and the burning of the amplifiers. The drive amplifier is used to amplify the signal on the link, to ensure that the signal output by the drive amplifier can normally drive the power amplifier in the subsequent stage. The power amplifier is used to amplify and output the signal, to ensure that the output power can normally interfere with the target.
[0045] In the embodiment, the signal processing unit comprises an ADC module, an FPGA module, a DAC module, a PLL module, a FLAH module and an EMMC module. The FPGA module of the embodiment acquires the collected signals after analog-to-digital conversion, and performs target signal extraction, using the following process:
[0046] In the first step, the collected signals after analog-to-digital conversion are acquired, and a plurality of data segments are obtained by cutting using a sliding window.
[0047] In the second step, all the data segments are preprocessed by high-speed real-time FFT to extract frequency spectrum data.
[0048] In the third step, signal detection and parameter estimation are performed on any frequency spectrum data; signal pulse detection is performed according to the difference between the signal strength and the noise unit of the frequency spectrum data, to estimate the intermediate frequency, bandwidth, pulse width and power strength of any signal pulse; clustering analysis is performed according to the pulse characteristic parameters of the signal pulse, to estimate the pulse statistical distribution and inter-pulse characteristics of the signal pulse, and the detection result is stored in a cache area.
[0049] In the fourth step, the detected signal pulse in the cache area is compared with a preset target signal feature library; the pulse characteristic parameters of the detected signal pulse are compared with each characteristic parameter of the target signal feature library one by one using a Bayesian probability matching algorithm, to calculate the matching probability, and the model data corresponding to the maximum matching probability is taken to obtain the target signal.
[0050] In the embodiment, the FPGA module triggers the interference signal, using the following process:
[0051] (1) The target is subjected to carrier frequency extraction and model identification through reconnaissance and identification.
[0052] (2) The carrier frequency and the model are compared with the identification library.
[0053] (3) According to the model data in the library, the interference waveform is loaded (for a model not in the library, the general frequency band interference waveform data is loaded).
[0054] (4) Waveform file loading is completed, and waiting for interference sending instruction.
[0055] (5) The FPGA sends the waveform file to the DAC for interference output.
[0056] In the embodiment, interference test is carried out, and test data is shown in Table 1.
[0057] Table 1: Interference test data
[0058] Frequency Interference distance Drone pilot distance Signal to interference ratio 2400 5.5 800 6.875 5800 5 800 6.25
[0059] From Figures 6 to 10 As can be seen from Table 1, the gain of the receiving channel is 30.4-32.6 dB, and the sensitivity is-109-103 dBm, the gain of the transmitting channel is 22-26.4 dB. The sensitivity meets the reconnaissance requirement of low, slow and small aircraft target at 5 km, and the interference to communication ratio meets >5:1. Remote reconnaissance and interference of low, slow and small aircraft can be realized. In the later stage, the reconnaissance distance and the interference to communication ratio of low, slow and small aircraft can be improved by increasing the antenna gain, without changing the microwave transceiving unit and the signal processing unit.
[0060] The above embodiment is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not a limitation on the protection scope of the present application. Any change made by using the design principle of the present application and on the basis of non-creative labor should be within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A low slow small aircraft target reconnaissance jamming device, characterized in that, The microwave transceiver unit comprises a plurality of receiving channels and transmitting channels corresponding to the transceiving antennas; the receiving channel comprises a limiter, a first filter, a first amplifier, a first fixed attenuator, a first programmable attenuator, a first equalizer, a second amplifier, a second fixed attenuator and a second filter connected in sequence; the limiter is connected with the high-power switch; the second filter is connected with the signal processing unit; The transmitting channel comprises a third filter, a third amplifier, a third fixed attenuator, a second programmable attenuator, a second equalizer, a fourth amplifier, a fourth fixed attenuator and a fourth filter connected in sequence; the third filter is connected with the signal processing unit; and the fourth filter is connected with the microwave power amplifier. The limiting power of the limiter is 15 dBm.
2. A low-flying small aircraft target reconnaissance jamming device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transceiving antennas are provided in three, and the frequency bands are 400-1000 MHz, 1000-3000 MHz and 3000-6000 MHz respectively.
3. The low-flying small aircraft target reconnaissance jamming device according to claim 1, wherein, The microwave power amplifier comprises a fifth filter, a fifth amplifier, a fifth fixed attenuator, a driving amplifier and a power amplifier connected in sequence; the fifth filter is connected with the fourth filter; and the power amplifier is connected with the high-power switch.
4. A low-flying small aircraft target reconnaissance jamming device according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that, The signal processing unit comprises:
5. A low-flying small aircraft target reconnaissance jamming device according to claim 4, characterized in that, an ADC module connected with the second filter, acquiring the collected signal and performing analog-digital conversion; an FPGA module connected with the ADC module, acquiring the collected signal after analog-digital conversion and extracting a target signal; and triggering an interference signal; a DAC module connected with the FPGA module, acquiring the interference signal sent by the FPGA module and performing digital-analog conversion; a PLL module connected with the ADC module and the DAC module and generating a clock signal; an FLAH module connected with the FPGA module and storing the program of the FPGA module; and an EMMC module connected with the ADC module and the DAC module and storing data.