Ventilation and smoke exhaust device for tunnel construction period

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of tunnel construction auxiliary equipment, and particularly provides a ventilation and smoke exhaust device for a tunnel construction period, which comprises an air supply pipe and an air return pipe which extend into the position of a tunnel face, and an air feeder and an exhaust fan are respectively and correspondingly arranged at one ends, outside a tunnel, of the air supply pipe and the air return pipe. A plurality of air openings are distributed in the air supply pipe and the air return pipe in the length direction, the air supply pipe comprises a plurality of segmented air supply pipes, relay air feeders are arranged between the segmented air supply pipes, the air return pipe comprises a plurality of segmented air return pipes, and relay exhaust fans are arranged between the segmented air return pipes. The device is used for dust discharge and ventilation in the tunnel construction period, and the ventilation effect is improved through combination of a press-in ventilation mode and a suction-out ventilation mode.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of tunnel construction auxiliary equipment, especially a tunnel construction period ventilation and smoke exhaust device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects such as hydropower stations, pumped storage power stations, and traffic tunnels, conventional tunnel construction period ventilation usually adopts a forced ventilation scheme, a fan is arranged outside the tunnel, an air pipe passes through the construction tunnel from the fan, and is connected to the vicinity of the tunnel terminal face, fresh air is sent to the tunnel face through the air outlet at the end of the pipe, air flows through the tunnel space, mixes with pollutants such as dust and harmful gases generated inside the tunnel due to blasting, welding, and vehicle exhaust, and is discharged outside the tunnel.

[0003] The existing dust exhaust ventilation equipment has the following shortcomings:

[0004] 1. The conventional tunnel construction period ventilation effect is poor, and there is no exhaust system, when the tunnel depth increases, the fan model and air volume cannot be adjusted in time, the air exchange frequency and air age in the tunnel will also increase accordingly, the ventilation efficiency is low, and the ventilation effect is poor.

[0005] 2. The conventional ventilation method has a single and low-efficient air flow organization form, in the actual tunnel construction process, the blasting of the tunnel face, the welding of the support structure, and the vehicle exhaust often occur near the wall surface, under the conventional ventilation method, the air flow rate in the tunnel is slow, and the air flow can be considered as laminar flow, the air mixing effect is poor, and the flow rate near the wall surface is relatively low compared with the center of the tunnel, which easily causes the accumulation of pollutants.

[0006] 3. The conventional tunnel construction period ventilation lacks intelligence, cannot automatically adjust the air supply and change the air flow organization form in the tunnel according to the air quality in the tunnel, leads to low ventilation and air exchange efficiency, and has large energy consumption.

[0007] 4. In the conventional tunnel construction period ventilation method, all the pollutants generated in the tunnel chamber need to be discharged through the tunnel, which easily affects the health of the construction personnel in the tunnel chamber. SUMMARY

[0008] The utility model solves the technical problem to provide a tunnel construction period ventilation and smoke exhaust device for dust discharge and ventilation during tunnel construction, the forced ventilation and suction ventilation methods are combined to improve the ventilation effect.

[0009] To solve the above technical problems, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that a tunnel construction period ventilation and smoke exhaust device, including the air supply pipe and the return air pipe of the tunnel face position, the air supply pipe and the return air pipe set up in the one end of the tunnel respectively corresponding set up air supply machine and exhaust fan, the air supply pipe and the return air pipe along the length direction all distribute several air ports, the air supply pipe includes several sectional air supply pipes, and the sectional air supply pipe between sets up relay air supply machine, the return air pipe includes several sectional return air pipes, and the sectional return air pipe between sets up relay exhaust fan.

[0010] In the preferred scheme, the relay air supply machine transports the gas in the sectional air supply pipe close to the tunnel outside connected to it to the sectional air supply pipe close to the tunnel inside connected to it; the relay exhaust fan transports the gas in the sectional return air pipe close to the tunnel inside connected to it to the sectional return air pipe close to the tunnel outside connected to it.

[0011] In the preferred scheme, the air ports distributed on the air supply pipe and the return air pipe are equidistantly staggered.

[0012] In the preferred scheme, the air supply pipe and the return air pipe are arranged on the two sides of the tunnel respectively.

[0013] In the preferred scheme, the air port on the air supply pipe and the return air pipe is provided with an air port assembly, the air port assembly includes an air pipe rotatably connected to the air port through a bearing, the air pipe upper end is provided with a ball head, one side of the ball head is provided with an air hole, and the ball head is provided with a channel communicated with the air pipe and the air hole.

[0014] In the preferred scheme, the air port is provided with an electromagnetic regulating valve.

[0015] In the preferred scheme, the air port is provided with an air speed sensor.

[0016] In the preferred scheme, the air supply pipe and the return air pipe are rectangular pipes, and the air outlet of the air supply machine and the air supply pipe and the air inlet of the exhaust fan and the return air pipe are connected through flexible joints.

[0017] The tunnel construction period ventilation and smoke exhaust device has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. By arranging the sectional air supply pipes and the sectional return air pipes, the tunnel space can be divided into multiple air quality environment control area units, the air flow organization form in each section can be adjusted, and the efficient emission of pollutants in the complex scene of multiple pollution sources at different positions in the long tunnel can be met.

[0019] The installation and arrangement of the wind pipe and the terminal air port can be timely extended during the tunnel excavation process, and the ventilation effect is ensured.

[0020] 2. Through intelligent adjustment of the air volume of the fan and the opening of the electromagnetic valve, and correction through the feedback of the air speed sensor, the air supply and exhaust volume of each air port is accurately controlled, the air volume and flow direction of the pollution source area are changed, the pollution is discharged outside the hole through the exhaust air in the shortest time, and the pollution retention time in the hole and the influence on the health of personnel are reduced.

[0021] 3. Through the form of multi-stage relay fan, the outlet static pressure difference between each air port is reduced, on the one hand, the energy loss of gas transmission is reduced, on the other hand, the difficulty of air volume control and hydraulic balance between each air port is reduced, and the accuracy of air volume control is greatly improved.

[0022] 4. The air port assembly is set, the direction of air supply or exhaust is adjusted, the structure characteristics of the tunnel in the form of city gate hole or horseshoe are fully combined, the heat and mass exchange of air in the hole is strengthened, and the mixing effect of fresh air and air in the hole is enhanced, on the one hand, the accumulation of pollutants in the local space dead angle is reduced, the air age is reduced, on the other hand, through the strengthening of the mixing effect, the pollutants can quickly flow through the measuring point, and the response and control speed of the whole ventilation system is accelerated.

[0023] 5. In the traditional ventilation mode, when the pollution is far away from the tunnel outlet, a large ventilation volume needs to be maintained for a long time. The present application can quickly discharge the pollutants in a short time through accurate positioning and control of the system, the increase of air supply in the control area is small, and only normal air volume is required in other areas of the tunnel. Therefore, the air supply volume can be significantly reduced, and the energy consumption of the ventilation system can be greatly reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] The present application will be further described below in combination with the drawings and embodiments:

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a top view of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air port assembly;

[0028] Figure 4 It is the airflow direction of the working condition of the tunnel face blasting;

[0029] Figure 5 It is the airflow direction of the conventional ventilation working condition;

[0030] Figure 6 It is the airflow direction of the local pollution source ventilation working condition;

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Tunnel face; 2. Air supply duct, 201. 3. Return air duct, 301. 4. Air supply fan; 5. Relay air supply fan; 6. Relay exhaust fan; 7. Air outlet assembly; 8. Air duct; 801. Ball joint; 803. Solenoid regulating valve; 9. Wind speed sensor; 10. Flexible joint; 11. Detailed Implementation

[0032] Example 1:

[0033] like Figures 1-2 As shown, in order to address the problems of low efficiency, high energy consumption, and negative impact on personnel health in traditional tunnel construction ventilation, a tunnel construction ventilation and smoke extraction device is designed. The device includes an air supply pipe 2 and a return air pipe 3 extending into the tunnel face 1. The air supply pipe 2 and the return air pipe 3 are respectively arranged on both sides of the tunnel. At the ends of the air supply pipe 2 and the return air pipe 3 located outside the tunnel, a blower 4 and an exhaust fan 5 are respectively installed. The blower 4 and the exhaust fan 5 are variable frequency fans. Several air outlets are distributed along the length of the air supply pipe 2 and the return air pipe 3, which are the air supply outlet and the exhaust outlet, respectively.

[0034] The air supply duct 2 includes several segmented air supply ducts 201, with relay air supply fans 6 installed between the segmented air supply ducts 201. The return air duct 3 includes several segmented return air ducts 301, with relay exhaust fans 7 installed between the segmented return air ducts 301. The relay air supply fans 6 transport gas from the segmented air supply ducts 201 connected to them near the outside of the tunnel to the segmented air supply ducts 201 connected to them near the inside of the tunnel; the relay exhaust fans 7 transport gas from the segmented return air ducts 301 connected to them near the inside of the tunnel to the segmented return air ducts 301 connected to them near the outside of the tunnel.

[0035] In practical use, as the tunnel excavation depth increases, a relay air supply fan 6 and a relay exhaust fan 7 are connected in series on the air supply pipe 2 and the return air pipe 3 at certain intervals to compensate for the resistance loss of fresh air during the transportation process. At the same time, the accuracy of air volume control at each air outlet is improved by controlling the fluid head in each control pipe section through the relay fans.

[0036] Air outlets are provided at intervals along the length of the air supply duct 2 and the return air duct 3, and the air outlets distributed on the air supply duct 2 and the return air duct 3 are arranged equidistantly and alternately.

[0037] Preferably, both the air supply duct 2 and the return air duct 3 are rectangular tubes for easy installation. The air outlet of the blower 4 and the air supply duct 2, as well as the air inlet of the exhaust fan 5 and the return air duct 3, are connected by flexible joints 11. The flexible joints 11 are round-square duct flexible joints to achieve transitional connection between the air outlet of the blower 4 and the air supply duct 2, and between the air inlet of the exhaust fan 5 and the return air duct 3.

[0038] Example 2:

[0039] As Figure 3 shown, the air supply pipe 2 and the air return pipe 3 are provided with air outlet assemblies 8, the air outlet assembly 8 comprises an air pipe 801 rotatably connected to the air outlet by a bearing, the upper end of the air pipe 801 is provided with a ball head 802, one side of the ball head 802 is provided with an air hole 803, and the ball head 802 is provided with a channel communicating with the air pipe 801 and the air hole 803.

[0040] The air outlet assembly 8 is modularly designed to facilitate installation, and by rotating the air pipe 801, the direction of the air hole 803 can be adjusted to strengthen the heat and mass exchange of air in the tunnel and enhance the mixing effect of fresh air and air in the tunnel.

[0041] The air outlet is provided with an electromagnetic regulating valve 9, which can be a BONDON brand 4V210-08 electromagnetic valve, which is used to adjust the air inlet or air outlet.

[0042] The air outlet is provided with an air speed sensor 10 for detecting the air speed and air volume of the air outlet, which facilitates the adjustment of the opening of the electromagnetic regulating valve 9 according to the air volume. In this embodiment, a RS-FS-* type pipe air speed and air volume sensor transmitter of Jiandarenke is installed on the air pipe 801.

[0043] In specific use, the dust sensor or pollution detection equipment is used to monitor the pollution concentration of each section in the tunnel, and then the required ventilation volume of the region is determined, the opening of the corresponding electromagnetic regulating valve 9 of the region is adjusted, and the frequency of the relay exhaust fan 7 downstream of the corresponding section of the air return pipe 301 is adjusted, to realize the control of air volume and airflow organization in different regions of the tunnel, and to achieve the effect of implementing different types of control strategies for different construction conditions, to efficiently remove different types of pollution caused by construction.

[0044] Compared with the traditional press-in type, suction type and mixed type tunnel ventilation mode, the device realizes the rapid positioning and rapid discharge of pollutants in the tunnel through the combination of air supply and discharge, multiple air outlets and multiple measurement points, greatly reduces the residence time of pollutants in the tunnel compared with the traditional ventilation mode, controls the air volume and airflow organization, further reduces the air supply volume and the size of the air pipe equipment, reduces energy consumption, and reduces the influence of ventilation equipment on normal construction. Through the form of multi-stage relay fan, the outlet static pressure difference between each air outlet is reduced, on the one hand, the energy loss of gas transportation is reduced, on the other hand, the difficulty of air volume control and hydraulic balance between each air outlet is reduced, and the accuracy of air volume control is greatly improved.

[0045] Through the air outlet assembly with adjustable air direction, the ventilation system can adjust the air outlet direction for the working conditions of blasting of the tunnel face, welding, etc., to adjust the air flow organization form inside the tunnel, increase the exhaust efficiency, and make the gas flow direction inside the tunnel adjust accordingly according to the position of the pollutants, minimize the diffusion area of the pollutants inside the tunnel, and ensure the safety and health of the construction personnel.

[0046] Embodiment 3:

[0047] The air volume and pressure control strategies of the air supply fan 4, the exhaust fan 5, and the relay air supply fan 6 and the relay exhaust fan 7 outside the tunnel are as follows:

[0048] According to the concentrations of various pollutants detected by the segmented area detection, and according to the control concentration standards of various pollutants, the air supply volume and the exhaust volume of the air outlet are determined. When the detection data of each item meets the standard, the air volume of the air outlet is controlled at the minimum value; when the pollutants detected by the detection point in the exhaust outlet at a certain position exceed the set threshold, the air volume of the exhaust outlet is appropriately increased according to the proportion of the over-standard concentration of the pollutants, until the maximum air volume of the air outlet is reached. At the same time, the air volume of the nearest air supply outlet on both sides of the exhaust outlet is correspondingly increased, and the sum of the increased air volumes of the two air supply outlets is equal to the exhaust volume of the exhaust outlet. After the air volume of each air supply and exhaust outlet inside the tunnel is determined, the required air volume of the air supply fan and the exhaust fan outside the tunnel and each relay fan can be calculated.

[0049] After the installation of each air supply and exhaust outlet inside the tunnel is completed, the air flow organization form inside the tunnel can be flexibly adjusted through the control of the air volume of each air outlet, and the control strategy of the air flow organization according to different construction working conditions inside the tunnel is as follows:

[0050] (1) When no blasting, welding, or other construction work is performed inside the tunnel, no harmful pollutant is discharged, and only a small number of personnel exist inside the tunnel, only the air supply or exhaust system can be started at this time, and the tunnel is a single form of pressure-in or suction-out ventilation at this time.

[0051] (2) When the tunnel face blasting is completed, a large amount of dust is generated near the tunnel face, the angles of the air supply outlet and the exhaust outlet closest to the tunnel face are controlled at this time, so that they are directed towards the tunnel face, and the electromagnetic valves of all other air outlets are closed, and the air supply fan and the exhaust fan are started to the maximum air volume. It should be noted that the air volume of the exhaust fan should be slightly larger than that of the air supply fan at this time, so that the end of the tunnel face is in a negative pressure state, promoting the flow of the gas inside the tunnel towards the tunnel face, preventing the diffusion of dust inside the tunnel. By adjusting the angle of the air outlet and increasing the air volume and speed, the air flow of the air supply outlet can be directly blown to the vicinity of the tunnel face, the mixing of the gas and the dust is strengthened, the air flow is driven, the dust accumulation caused by local vortex near the tunnel face is prevented, and the ventilation efficiency is improved, as shown in Figure 4 .

[0052] (3) When the tunnel is in the construction state, the air pollutant concentration of the exhaust outlet of the tunnel is used to determine the air volume QP1, QP2 of each exhaust outlet, the air volume QP1 of the opposite air supply outlet between the two exhaust outlets is QP1= (QP1+QP2) / 2, and the airflow organization form in the tunnel is as shown in Figure 5

[0053] (4) When the metal welding and spray mixing construction operations are performed in the tunnel, multiple work faces and multiple pollutant emission sources are simultaneously formed in the long tunnel, the airflow organization is adjusted on the original form, and the air volume adjustment of a single region is increased. The air volume of the two exhaust outlets adjacent to the detected pollutant is reduced, and the air volume reduction amount of the two exhaust outlets is equal to the air volume increase amount of the exhaust outlet at the detected pollutant, thereby forming the local negative pressure near the pollutant, preventing the diffusion of the pollutant to the airflow mixing on both sides, and as shown in Figure 6

[0054] The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred technical solutions of the utility model, and should not be regarded as the limitation of the utility model. The embodiments in the application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other in the case of no conflict. The protection scope of the utility model should be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including the equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, the equivalent replacement improvement in this range is also within the protection scope of the utility model.​​

Claims

1. A tunnel construction period ventilation and smoke exhaust device, characterized by: The air supply pipe (2) and the air return pipe (3) are provided with air outlets, the air supply pipe (2) comprises a plurality of sectional air supply pipes (201), the sectional air supply pipes (201) are provided with relay air supply fans (6), the air return pipe (3) comprises a plurality of sectional air return pipes (301), and the sectional air return pipes (301) are provided with relay air exhaust fans (7).

2. A tunnel construction period ventilation and smoke exhaust device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relay air supply fan (6) transports the gas in the sectional air supply pipe (201) close to the outside of the tunnel to the sectional air supply pipe (201) close to the inside of the tunnel; and the relay air exhaust fan (7) transports the gas in the sectional air return pipe (301) close to the inside of the tunnel to the sectional air return pipe (301) close to the outside of the tunnel.

3. A tunnel construction period ventilation and smoke exhaust device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air outlets on the air supply pipe (2) and the air return pipe (3) are arranged in an equidistant staggered manner.

4. The tunnel construction period ventilation and smoke exhaust device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air supply pipe (2) and the air return pipe (3) are arranged on the two sides of the tunnel.

5. The tunnel construction period ventilation and smoke exhaust device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air outlet assembly (8) is arranged on the air outlet of the air supply pipe (2) and the air return pipe (3), the air outlet assembly (8) comprises an air pipe (801) rotatably connected to the air outlet through a bearing, a ball head (802) is arranged at the upper end of the air pipe (801), an air hole (803) is arranged on one side of the ball head (802), and a channel is arranged in the ball head (802) and communicates with the air pipe (801) and the air hole (803).

6. A tunnel construction period ventilation and smoke exhaust device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air outlet is provided with an electromagnetic regulating valve (9).

7. The tunnel construction period ventilation and smoke exhaust device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air outlet is provided with an air speed sensor (10).

8. The tunnel construction period ventilation and smoke exhaust device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air supply pipe (2) and the air return pipe (3) are rectangular pipes, the air outlet of the air supply fan (4) and the air supply pipe (2) are connected through a flexible joint (11), and the air inlet of the air exhaust fan (5) and the air return pipe (3) are connected through the flexible joint (11).

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