Docking station

Abstract

The utility model provides a docking station. The docking station comprises a main control unit, an input interface, an expansion interface, a power supply module, a graphic processing module, and a first switch, a second switch and a third switch which are used for switching signal transmission paths, the main control unit comprises a system-level control chip, a main control chip and a concentrator chip. According to the docking station, the system-level control chip and the graphic processing module are arranged in the docking station, and different switches are arranged to control the transmission path of the data signal, so that a user can quickly process data transmitted between the graphic processing module and other equipment by using the system-level chip; a user can remotely call built-in or connected graphics processor resources in the docking station, and a higher-level graphics processor can be expanded through the docking station for more complex calculation or rendering tasks. And when the graphics processor is called, the docking station can be normally mounted with other equipment such as a display or a hard disk and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of docking station technology, and specifically to a docking station. Background Technology

[0002] A docking station, also known as a port replicator, is an external device designed specifically for laptops. By replicating or even expanding the ports of a laptop, it allows for one-stop connection between the laptop and multiple accessories or external devices.

[0003] With the continuous development of generative artificial intelligence (GAI or Generative AI) applications, some laptops have begun to come pre-installed with AI applications. Many tasks in these AI applications, such as training and inference of deep learning models, image generation, and video processing, require substantial computing resources. As user demands increase and become more complex, the hardware configuration of laptops may be insufficient to handle the enormous computing power requirements generated by users using AI applications. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application addresses the aforementioned shortcomings in the prior art by providing a docking station to solve at least one of the aforementioned technical problems.

[0005] An expansion dock includes: a main control unit, an input interface, an expansion interface, a power module, a graphics processing module, and a first switch, a second switch, and a third switch for switching signal transmission paths;

[0006] The main control unit includes a system-level control chip, a main control chip, and a hub chip;

[0007] The system-level control chip is connected to the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch respectively. The first switch is connected to the third switch. The second switch is connected to the main control chip. The third switch is connected to the graphics processing module and the main control chip respectively. The power module is connected to the graphics processing module. The expansion interface is connected to the hub chip. The input interface is connected to the first switch and the second switch respectively.

[0008] In practical applications, system-on-a-chip (SoC) includes RK-SoC chips. SoC can form a complete system by integrating multiple functional modules on a single chip.

[0009] In some specific embodiments, the graphics processing module includes a communication interface connected to a third switch; the communication interface is used to connect to an external graphics processor and / or an internal graphics processor. The power module includes a system power supply and a power interface, the power interface being connected to both the communication interface and the system power supply, and the power interface is used to connect to an external power supply to power the communication interface and the system power supply.

[0010] In practical applications, the external graphics processor and / or internal graphics processor connected to the communication interface is a graphics card. Users can load the graphics card resources onto the system-level control chip, and then connect external devices such as computers to the input interface of the expansion dock. This allows the graphics card in the expansion dock to share the graphics computing tasks in the external devices, assisting the external devices in performing calculations, data training, artificial intelligence generation, and other operations, thereby improving the operating efficiency of the external devices.

[0011] In some specific embodiments, the input interface includes an OCuLink interface (Optical Copper Link, a PCI Express small form factor connector standard developed by the PCI-SIG organization); the OCuLink interface connects to the first switch. The OCuLink interface is used to connect external devices to transmit high-speed data communication signals from these devices to the third switch. In practical applications, the high-speed data communication signal is a PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express, a high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard) signal.

[0012] In some specific embodiments, the input interface includes a Thunderbolt interface. The Thunderbolt interface connects to a second switch for connecting external devices, transmitting data signals and / or video signals from the external devices to the main control chip via the second switch.

[0013] In some specific embodiments, it further includes one or more video interfaces connected to the main control chip; the main control chip is connected to an external display through the video interface for sending the video signal to one or more external displays.

[0014] In some specific embodiments, a network chip is also included, and the expansion interface includes a network interface; the network interface connects to the hub chip through the network chip; the network interface includes an RJ45 interface (Registered Jack 45, a type of network interface). In practical applications, the network chip includes an RTL8153B chip. By configuring the network chip and the RJ45 network interface, a stable gigabit network can be connected to the docking station, enabling users to remotely connect to the docking station via the network, further establishing the connection between the image processor and the system-level control chip, facilitating remote access to the image processor's resources.

[0015] In some specific embodiments, the expansion interface includes a data interface, which includes a TYPE-C interface, and / or a Lightning interface, and / or a USB interface, and / or a solid-state drive interface.

[0016] In some specific embodiments, a bridge chip is also included, and the solid-state drive interface includes an M.2 hard drive interface; the M.2 hard drive interface is connected to the hub chip via the bridge chip. In practical applications, the bridge chip can be a USB-to-SATA (Serial ATA, Serial Advanced Technology Accessory, a computer bus interface) or PCIe bridge chip, specifically an RTL9210B chip, which can convert an M.2 interface solid-state drive into a mobile storage device, facilitating data transfer and storage between different devices. In practical applications, users can mount the hard drive to a docking station to expand the storage performance of devices such as computers.

[0017] In some specific embodiments, the video interface includes a DP interface (DisplayPort, a high-definition digital display interface standard), and / or a VGA interface (Video Graphics Array, an analog video interface widely used in the computer field), and / or a DVI interface (Digital Visual Interface), and / or an HDMI interface (High-Definition Multimedia Interface). In one specific embodiment, the expansion interface also includes the aforementioned video interfaces.

[0018] In some specific embodiments, a wireless communication module is also included; this module communicatively connects the main control chip and the system-level control chip. In practical applications, the wireless communication module includes a built-in Wi-Fi module or a Wi-Fi device interface, allowing users to connect the docking station to a wireless network via the built-in Wi-Fi module or by connecting a Wi-Fi device. Through the wireless network, users can remotely control the docking station using protocols similar to remote login or remote desktop protocols in Ethernet connections.

[0019] In practical applications, the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch are a type of high-speed switching switch. The system-level control chip includes a first pin, a second pin, and a third pin. The first pin is used to control the first switch, the second pin is used to control the second switch, and the third pin is used to control the third switch. By controlling the high-speed switching switch through the pins, the system-level control chip can quickly control and switch the transmission paths of data and signals in the expansion dock.

[0020] Beneficial effects: This application provides an expansion dock. By setting up a system-on-a-chip (SoC) and a graphics processing module in the expansion dock, users can use the SoC to quickly process data transmitted between the graphics processing module and other devices. Users can remotely access the built-in or connected graphics processor resources in the expansion dock, allowing for the expansion of more advanced graphics processors for more complex computing or rendering tasks. Accessing the graphics processor does not affect the normal connection of other devices such as monitors or hard drives to the expansion dock. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall module connection relationship of this application;

[0023] Figure 2 This is another schematic diagram of the overall module connection relationship in this application;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a detailed connection diagram of another module in this application;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a detailed connection diagram of another module in this application.

[0026] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1-Main control unit; 11-System-level control chip; 12-Main control chip; 121-Video interface; 13-Hub chip; 2-Input interface; 21-OCuLink interface; 22-Thunderbolt interface; 3-Expansion interface; 31-RJ45 interface; 32-M.2 hard drive interface; 33-USB interface; 4-Power module; 41-Power interface; 42-System power supply; 5-Graphics processing module; 51-Communication interface; 52-Graphics processor; 61-First switch; 62-Second switch; 63-Third switch; 71-Network chip; 72-Bridge chip; 73-Wireless communication module; 8-Display. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The following will clearly and completely describe the concept, specific structure and technical effects of this application in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of this application.

[0028] Various embodiments of this application will be described more fully below. This application may have various embodiments, and adjustments and changes may be made therein. However, it should be understood that there is no intention to limit the various embodiments of this application to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but rather this application should be understood to cover all adjustments, equivalents, and / or alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the various embodiments of this application.

[0029] In the following, the terms “comprising” or “may include” as used in the various embodiments of this application indicate the presence of the disclosed functions, operations, or elements, and do not limit the addition of one or more functions, operations, or elements. Furthermore, as used in the various embodiments of this application, the terms “comprising,” “having,” and their cognates are intended only to indicate a particular feature, number, step, operation, element, component, or combination of the foregoing, and should not be construed as primarily excluding the presence of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing, or the possibility of adding one or more combinations of features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing.

[0030] In various embodiments of this application, the expression "or" or "at least one of A and / or B" includes any combination or all combinations of the words listed simultaneously. For example, the expression "A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may include A, may include B, or may include both A and B.

[0031] The terms used in the various embodiments of this application (such as "first," "second," etc.) may modify various constituent elements in various embodiments, but do not limit the corresponding constituent elements. For example, the above terms do not limit the order and / or importance of the elements. The above terms are only used for the purpose of distinguishing one element from other elements. For example, a first user device and a second user device refer to different user devices, although both are user devices. For example, without departing from the scope of the various embodiments of this application, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element.

[0032] It should be noted that, in this application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and defined, terms such as "installation," "connection," and "fixation" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] In this application, those skilled in the art should understand that the terms indicating orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the purpose of describing this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0034] The terminology used in the various embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the various embodiments of this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the various embodiments of this application pertain. The terms (such as those defined in a generally used dictionary) are to be interpreted as having the same meaning as in the context of the relevant technical field and are not to be interpreted as having an idealized or overly formal meaning, unless clearly defined in the various embodiments of this application.

[0035] Example

[0036] This embodiment provides a docking station, the specific solution of which is as follows:

[0037] An expansion dock includes: a main control unit 1, an input interface 2, an expansion interface 3, a power module 4, a graphics processing module 5, and a first switch 61, a second switch 62, and a third switch 63 for switching signal transmission paths.

[0038] The main control unit 1 includes a system-level control chip 11, a main control chip 12, and a hub chip 13;

[0039] The system-level control chip 11 is connected to the first switch 61, the second switch 62, and the third switch 63, respectively. The first switch 61 is connected to the third switch 63. The second switch 62 is connected to the main control chip 12, and the third switch 63 is connected to the graphics processing module 5 and the main control chip 12, respectively. The power module 4 is connected to the graphics processing module 5. The expansion interface 3 is connected to the hub chip 13. The input interface 2 is connected to the first switch 61 and the second switch 62, respectively. The connection relationships of each module are as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0040] In practical applications, the system-on-a-chip (SoC) 11 includes an RK-SoC chip. By integrating multiple functional modules onto a single chip, the SoC 11 can form a complete system, improving the parallel processing capability of data. As a small-sized chip, the SoC 11 reduces the space occupied inside the docking station, improving space utilization efficiency.

[0041] In practical applications, the hub chip 13 includes the VL822 chip, which is compatible with a variety of USB devices and can realize rich port expansion. The expansion interfaces 3 connected to the hub chip 13 can all work independently without interfering with each other. At the same time, the hub chip 13 can also prevent the problem of data transmission speed reduction or transmission failure caused by interference between devices.

[0042] In some specific embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the graphics processing module 5 includes a communication interface 51, which is connected to a third switch 63. The communication interface 51 is used to connect to an external graphics processor 52 and / or an internal graphics processor 52. The power module 4 includes a system power supply 42 and a power interface 41, which is connected to both the communication interface 51 and the system power supply 42. The power interface 41 is used to connect to an external power supply to power the communication interface 51 and the system power supply 42.

[0043] In practical applications, the external graphics processor 52 and / or internal graphics processor 52 connected to the communication interface 51 is a graphics card. Users can load the graphics card resources onto the system-level control chip 11, and then connect external devices such as computers to the input interface 2 of the expansion dock. This allows the graphics card in the expansion dock to share the graphics computing tasks in the external devices, assisting the external devices in performing calculations, data training, artificial intelligence generation, and other operations, thereby improving the operating efficiency and overall performance of the external devices.

[0044] In some specific embodiments, the input interface 2 includes an OCuLink interface 21; the OCuLink interface 21 is connected to the first switch 61. The OCuLink interface 21 is used to connect to an external device to transmit high-speed data communication signals from the external device to the third switch 63.

[0045] In some specific embodiments, the input interface 2 includes a Thunderbolt interface 22. The Thunderbolt interface 22 is connected to a second switch 62 for connecting external devices, transmitting data signals and / or video signals from the external devices to the main control chip 12 via the second switch 62. In practical applications, data signals include USB signals, and video signals include DP signals.

[0046] In some specific embodiments, one or more video interfaces 121 connected to the main control chip 12 are also included; the main control chip 12 is connected to an external display 8 through the video interface 121 for sending video signals to one or more external displays 8. In practical applications, the video signal includes a DP signal, and the video interface 121 can be a DP interface.

[0047] In some embodiments, the video interface 121 includes a DP interface, and / or a VGA interface, and / or a DVI interface, and / or an HDMI interface. In one embodiment, the expansion interface 3 also includes the aforementioned video interface 121.

[0048] In some specific embodiments, a network chip 71 is also included, and the expansion interface 3 includes a network interface; the network interface is connected to the hub chip 13 through the network chip 71; the network interface includes an RJ45 interface 31. In practical applications, the network chip 71 includes an RTL8153B chip. By setting the network chip 71 and the RJ45 network interface, a stable gigabit network can be connected to the expansion dock, enabling users to remotely connect to the expansion dock via the network, further establishing the connection between the image processor and the system-level control chip 11, facilitating remote access to the image processor's resources.

[0049] In some specific embodiments, the expansion interface 3 includes a data interface, which includes a TYPE-C interface, and / or a Lightning interface, and / or a USB interface 33, and / or a solid-state drive interface, and / or a DP interface. Some interfaces in the expansion interface 3 are as follows: Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown.

[0050] In some specific embodiments, a bridge chip 72 is also included, and the solid-state drive interface includes an M.2 hard drive interface 32; the M.2 hard drive interface 32 is connected to the hub chip 13 through the bridge chip 72. In practical applications, the bridge chip 72 can be a USB to SATA / PCIe bridge chip 72, specifically an RTL9210B chip, which can convert an M.2 interface solid-state drive into a mobile storage device, facilitating data transfer and storage between different devices. In practical applications, users can mount the hard drive on a docking station to expand the storage performance of devices such as computers.

[0051] In some specific embodiments, a wireless communication module 73 is also included, such as Figure 4 As shown, the wireless communication module 73 communicates with the main control chip 12 and the system-level control chip 11. In practical applications, the wireless communication module 73 includes a built-in Wi-Fi module or a Wi-Fi device interface, allowing users to connect the expansion dock to a wireless network via the built-in Wi-Fi module or by connecting a Wi-Fi device. Through the wireless network, users can remotely control the expansion dock using protocols similar to remote login or remote desktop protocols in Ethernet connections.

[0052] In some specific embodiments, the docking station can have multiple usage modes for its system-level control chip 11 module and graphics processing module 5, including stand-alone remote mode, external graphics card mode, and Thunderbolt mode. This allows for interface configurations for different computers during actual use, enabling resource access to the graphics processing module 5 through different solutions.

[0053] In one specific embodiment, the first switch 61, the second switch 62, and the third switch 63 are high-speed switching switches. The system-level control chip 11 includes a first pin, a second pin, and a third pin, wherein the first pin is used to control the first switch 61, the second pin is used to control the second switch 62, and the third pin is used to control the third switch 63. By controlling the high-speed switching switches through the pins, the system-level control chip 11 can quickly control and switch the transmission paths of data and signals in the expansion dock.

[0054] In standalone remote mode, the user supplies power to the modules in the expansion dock via an external power supply or by turning on the system power supply 42 within the expansion dock. After power is connected, the system-level control chip 11 begins operation. The system-level control chip 11 controls the first switch 61 via its first pin, allowing the PCIe signal in the system-level control chip 11 to be input to the third switch 63. Furthermore, the third pin controls the third switch 63 to connect the PCIe signal to the graphics processing module 5. Specifically, this can be achieved through the communication interface 51 in the graphics processing module 5, which in turn connects to the graphics processor 52 within the communication interface 51. In practical applications, the communication interface 51 can be a PCIe slot, and the graphics processor 52 can be a graphics card. Ultimately, this allows graphics card resources to be loaded onto the system-level control chip 11, thereby assisting the operation of external devices.

[0055] Meanwhile, the system-level control chip 11 can further control the second switch 62 via the second pin to allow the USB signal from the system-level control chip 11 to enter the main control chip 12. The main control chip 12, as a signal processing chip compatible with multiple interfaces, can further transmit this USB signal to the hub chip 13 upon receipt, enabling devices connected to the expansion interface 3 of the hub chip 13 to access the network. Users can connect the docking station to the network via its network interface or wireless communication module 73, allowing them to remotely control the graphics card in the docking station to perform complex calculations, such as data training for generative artificial intelligence or code execution for deep learning. After the code execution is complete, the user can synchronize the data from the docking station to external devices.

[0056] In practical applications, users can further connect external devices, such as laptops, to the docking station via a wired connection through its input interface 2, thereby loading graphics card resources into the system-level control chip 11. In practice, the laptop can access the graphics card resources in the docking station through either the Thunderbolt or OCuLink interface. Due to differences in interface configurations among laptops, there are two modes: one using the OCuLink interface 21 for external graphics card access and the other using the Thunderbolt interface 22. For laptops with Thunderbolt interfaces, the docking station can also receive the laptop's DP signal and extend it to multiple DP signals, connecting to an external display 8 via an extended DP interface to achieve screen expansion functionality.

[0057] In external graphics card mode, taking a laptop as an example, the user supplies power to the modules in the expansion dock by connecting an external power supply or turning on the system power supply 42 in the expansion dock. After power is connected, the system-level control chip 11 starts working. At this time, the laptop connects to the OCuLink interface 21 in the expansion dock's input interface 2 via the OCuLink interface 21. The system-level control chip 11 controls the first switch 61 through the first pin, so that the PCIe signal input from the OCuLink interface 21 is further transmitted to the third switch 63. Then, the third switch 63 is controlled by the third pin to connect the PCIe signal to the graphics processing module 5, so as to load the graphics processor 52, i.e., the graphics card, in the graphics processing module 5 into the laptop and integrate it into the laptop's computing environment. This allows the user to call on the resources of the system-level control chip 11 and the graphics card in the expansion dock, and deploy and use the expansion dock as a small server.

[0058] In Thunderbolt mode, taking a laptop as an example, the user powers the modules in the docking station by connecting an external power source or by turning on the system power supply 42 within the dock. After power is connected, the system-level control chip 11 begins operation. At this time, the laptop connects to the Thunderbolt interface 22 in the docking station via the Thunderbolt interface. The second pin of the system-level control chip 11 controls the second switch 62, allowing the USB and DP signals from the Thunderbolt interface 22 to be input to the main control chip 12.

[0059] In one specific embodiment, the main control chip 12 is connected to multiple DP interfaces, each of which can be connected to an external display 8. As a signal processing chip compatible with multiple interfaces, the main control chip 12 can further extend multiple DP signals from the DP interfaces connected to it after receiving DP signals, thereby extending the screen display of the laptop to the display screen connected to it and realizing the screen extension function.

[0060] The system-level control chip 11 further controls the main control chip 12 to extend a PCIe GNE4 signal to the graphics processing module 5 via the third switch 63, thereby enabling the graphics processor 52, i.e., the graphics card, in the graphics processing module 5 to be loaded onto the laptop. At this time, the user can use the resources of the graphics card in the expansion dock to perform calculations, deep learning, or AI data training on the laptop, making this expansion dock usable as a small private server for the user.

[0061] In practical applications, users can also connect to other video interfaces 121 in the laptop to extend the screen display, and then connect to the graphics processing module 5 in the docking station via the OCulink interface 21 of the docking station.

[0062] This embodiment provides an expansion dock that controls the data signal transmission path by setting different switches. It also includes a system-on-a-chip (SoC) and a graphics processing module (GPU). The SoC can quickly process data transmitted between the GPU and other devices. Users can remotely access the built-in or connected graphics card resources in the expansion dock, enabling the use of more advanced graphics cards for more complex computing or rendering tasks. It offers multiple connection methods, making it suitable for various application scenarios and functioning as a portable computing server. In the context of AIGC (AI Computing and Utilization), it better supports users running AI applications on external devices, improving the overall performance of these devices during complex calculations and graphics display. While accessing the GPU, it does not affect the normal connection of other devices such as monitors or hard drives to the expansion dock.

[0063] The above is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of this application. However, the invention of this application is not limited to the embodiments described. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of this application. All such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A docking station, characterized by The application relates to a signal transmission device. The device comprises a main control unit, an input interface, an expansion interface, a power module, a graphic processing module, and a first switch, a second switch and a third switch for switching a signal transmission path. The main control unit comprises a system-level control chip, a main control chip and a hub chip. The system-level control chip is connected with the first switch, the second switch and the third switch respectively, the first switch is connected with the third switch, the second switch is connected with the main control chip, the third switch is connected with the graphic processing module and the main control chip respectively, and the power module is connected with the graphic processing module. The expansion interface is connected with the hub chip, and the input interface is connected with the first switch and the second switch respectively.

2. The docking station of claim 1, wherein, The graphic processing module comprises a communication interface, the communication interface is connected with the third switch, and the communication interface is used for connecting an external graphic processor and / or an internal graphic processor. The power module comprises a system power supply and a power interface, the power interface is connected with the communication interface and the system power supply respectively, and the power interface is used for connecting an external power supply to supply power for the communication interface and the system power supply.

3. The docking station of claim 1, wherein, The input interface comprises an OCuLink interface. The OCuLink interface is connected with the first switch. The OCuLink interface is used for connecting an external device to transmit high-speed data communication signals of the external device to the third switch.

4. The docking station of claim 1, wherein, The input interface comprises a thunderbolt interface. The thunderbolt interface is connected with the second switch and is used for connecting an external device to transmit data signals and / or video signals of the external device to the main control chip through the second switch.

5. The docking station of claim 1, wherein, The device further comprises one or more video interfaces connected with the main control chip, the main control chip is connected with external displays through the video interfaces, and the main control chip is used for transmitting video signals to the one or more external displays.

6. The docking station of claim 1, wherein, The device further comprises a network chip, and the expansion interface comprises a network interface. The network interface is connected with the hub chip through the network chip. The network interface comprises an RJ45 interface.

7. The docking station of claim 1, wherein, The expansion interface comprises a data interface, the data interface comprises a TYPE-C interface, a Lightning interface, a USB interface and / or a solid state disk interface.

8. The docking station of claim 7, wherein, The device further comprises a bridge chip, and the solid state disk interface comprises an M.2 hard disk interface. The M.2 hard disk interface is connected with the hub chip through the bridge chip.

9. The docking station of claim 5, wherein, The video interface comprises a DP interface, a VGA interface, a DVI interface and / or an HDMI interface.

10. The docking station of claim 1, wherein, The device further comprises a wireless communication module, and the wireless communication module is connected with the main control chip and the system-level control chip.

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