Superconducting magnetic suspension device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation, in particular to a superconducting magnetic levitation device which comprises a levitation block and a track, the levitation block is a closed cavity, a superconducting block is fixedly arranged in the closed cavity, and the track is annular and comprises a first magnetic ring, a second magnetic ring and a third magnetic ring which are sequentially connected in a sleeved mode from inside to outside. The outer diameter of the first magnetic ring is equal to the inner diameter of the second magnetic ring, the outer diameter of the second magnetic ring is equal to the inner diameter of the third magnetic ring, and the magnetic pole of the upper surface of the second magnetic ring is opposite to the magnetic poles of the upper surfaces of the first magnetic ring and the third magnetic ring; during use, the closed cavity is filled with liquid nitrogen, the temperature of the superconducting block is reduced, the superconducting block is in a superconducting state, and the suspension block is suspended on the upper surface of the second magnetic ring. The magnetic field distribution on the surfaces of the magnetic rings is uniform, the three magnetic rings are arranged, the symmetrical magnetic peak-magnetic valley-magnetic peak magnetic field distribution is formed along the annular track from outside to inside, a magnetic trap is formed, the suspension block is limited, the suspension block is not prone to moving in the radial direction, and suspension is more stable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation technology, and more specifically, to a superconducting magnetic levitation device. Background Technology

[0002] Superconducting magnetic levitation is a technology that utilizes the unique interaction between a superconductor and a magnetic field to achieve levitation and propulsion. By using the Meissner effect and flux pinning effect of superconductors, objects can be suspended stably in a magnetic field and moved without contact. It is widely used in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging equipment, high-precision rotating machinery, magnetic levitation trains, vibration damping platforms, and more.

[0003] Maglev technology utilizes the properties of superconductors and the interaction with magnetic fields to achieve levitation. Through the magnetic properties of superconductors, objects can remain suspended in a strong magnetic field, achieving low-friction, contactless movement. The magnetic force between the train and the track provides excellent stability and high-speed performance. Analysis of four modes—permanent magnet levitation, electromagnetic levitation, electro-magnetic levitation, and superconducting pinned levitation—shows that high-temperature superconducting pinned magnetic levitation high-speed rail has significant potential advantages in levitation, self-stability, low energy consumption, and the absence of inherent magnetic resistance in the direction of travel. However, when laying micro-ring magnetic tracks, even in close arrangement, the magnetic field between magnets often exceeds the magnetic field on the magnet surface, resulting in uneven magnetic field distribution on the track surface, affecting the stable levitation of the suspended object. Simultaneously, airflow, track vibration, and even temperature fluctuations in the surrounding environment can interfere with levitation, disrupting the balance between the magnetic field and the superconductor, leading to levitation instability.

[0004] In summary, due to the uneven distribution of the magnetic field on the magnet surface, the levitation device is easily affected by disturbances, leading to unstable levitation. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a superconducting magnetic levitation device, thereby solving the problem that the levitation device is easily affected by disturbances due to the uneven distribution of the magnetic field on the surface of the magnet, leading to unstable levitation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0007] This application provides a superconducting magnetic levitation device, which includes a levitation block and a track. The levitation block is a closed chamber, in which a superconducting block is fixedly disposed. The track is annular and includes a first magnetic ring, a second magnetic ring, and a third magnetic ring nested sequentially from the inside out. The outer diameter of the first magnetic ring is equal to the inner diameter of the second magnetic ring, and the outer diameter of the second magnetic ring is equal to the inner diameter of the third magnetic ring. The magnetic poles on the upper surface of the second magnetic ring have opposite polarities to those on the upper surfaces of the first and third magnetic rings. In use, the closed chamber is filled with liquid nitrogen to lower the temperature of the superconducting block, causing the superconducting block to be in a superconducting state, and the levitation block is suspended on the upper surface of the second magnetic ring.

[0008] Furthermore, the magnetic poles on the upper surface of the first magnetic ring are N poles, the upper surface of the second magnetic ring is S pole, and the magnetic poles on the upper surface of the third magnetic ring are N poles.

[0009] Furthermore, the upper surfaces of the first, second, and third magnetic rings are flush and of equal thickness.

[0010] Furthermore, the first, second, and third magnetic rings have the same width.

[0011] Furthermore, the superconducting block is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the enclosed chamber near the track.

[0012] Furthermore, the suspended block is equipped with small holes and plugs to block the holes.

[0013] Furthermore, the track also includes a bottom ring fixedly disposed on the lower surface of the first magnetic ring, the second magnetic ring, and the third magnetic ring.

[0014] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the bottom ring is the same as the inner diameter of the first magnetic ring, and the outer diameter of the bottom ring is the same as the outer diameter of the third magnetic ring.

[0015] Furthermore, the track also includes a top ring fixedly mounted on the upper surfaces of the first magnetic ring, the second magnetic ring, and the third magnetic ring; the inner and outer diameters of the top ring are the same as those of the bottom ring.

[0016] Furthermore, a crossbeam is provided in the middle of the top ring, with both ends of the crossbeam fixed to the inner circumference of the top ring, and the crossbeam is along the diameter direction.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0018] (1) This utility model uses a magnetic ring. The magnetic ring has no splicing marks. The magnetic field strength is the same on the surface of the magnetic ring along the track running direction, which avoids the suspended block encountering areas with uneven magnetic field during the forward movement. The uniformly distributed magnetic field ensures that the suspended block will not move up and down in the direction perpendicular to the track plane during the movement, and the suspension height is stable.

[0019] (2) In this application, the magnetic poles on the upper surface of the second magnetic ring have opposite polarities to those on the upper surfaces of the first and third magnetic rings. The magnetic pole on the upper surface of the second magnetic ring is the S pole, and the magnetic poles on the upper surfaces of the first and third magnetic rings are the N poles. Thus, a magnetic valley is formed at the second magnetic ring, and a magnetic peak is formed at the first and third magnetic rings. A symmetrical magnetic peak-valley-peak magnetic field distribution is formed from the outside to the inside along the circular track, forming a strong magnetic field gradient in the radial direction, and a curved distribution of magnetic field lines is formed between the middle S pole and the two N poles. A magnetic trap is formed at the S pole, which confines the suspended block to this area, making it difficult to move in the radial direction and resisting interference from the environment, so that the suspended block moves stably on the upper surface of the second magnetic ring. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a superconducting magnetic levitation device provided by this utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a magnetic ring in a superconducting magnetic levitation device provided by this utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 This invention provides a magnetic field distribution diagram near the magnetic ring in a superconducting magnetic levitation device.

[0023] Figure 4 The magnetic field distribution of two closely spaced small magnetic blocks;

[0024] Figure 5 The magnetic field distribution of two small magnetic blocks spaced 1 mm apart;

[0025] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the bottom ring of a superconducting magnetic levitation device provided by this utility model;

[0026] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the top ring of a superconducting magnetic levitation device provided by this utility model;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the suspension state of the suspension device of this application;

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the suspension state of the suspension device in this application;

[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the suspension state of the suspension device in this application.

[0030] Icons: 1-Floating block; 2-First magnetic ring; 3-Second magnetic ring; 4-Third magnetic ring; 5-Bottom ring; 6-Top ring. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the implementation process of this utility model clearer, a detailed description will be provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0032] This invention provides a superconducting magnetic levitation device, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the magnetic levitation device consists of two parts: a levitation block 1 and a track. The levitation block 1 is a closed chamber, and its shape can be any shape, such as a cuboid or sphere. Preferably, the levitation block 1 is streamlined, with a smaller front and larger back, which reduces resistance during operation and allows for higher speeds. A superconducting block is fixedly installed in the closed chamber. The superconducting block can be fixed to the inner wall of the closed chamber, for example, on the inner wall near the track, where the magnetic field's confinement effect is stronger; alternatively, it can be left unfixed, as the magnetic flux pinning effect can also fix the superconducting block. The levitation block 1 has small holes and plugs to seal the holes, used for injecting liquid nitrogen and sealing the chamber, respectively. The superconducting block can be any shape, such as a sphere or square, as long as it can be placed inside the closed chamber; preferably, the superconducting block is spherical, as a sphere has the largest surface area, thus maximizing the contact area between the superconducting block and the liquid nitrogen, allowing it to be rapidly cooled to a superconducting state. The sealed chamber wall can be made of foam or an engineering Dewar flask, which provides good insulation and reduces heat exchange between the inside and outside of the levitation block 1, thus maintaining a low internal temperature and keeping the superconducting block in a superconducting state, achieving levitation under the influence of a magnetic field. The superconducting block can be made of any superconducting material; in this application, the superconducting material is REBCO, such as YBCO, GdBCO, or SmBCO, with a transition temperature of 92-96 K. When the superconducting material enters the superconducting state, it completely repels the internal magnetic field, causing magnetic field lines to flow only around the superconductor and unable to penetrate it, forming magnetic flux vortices. These vortices are pinned to defects, grain boundaries, or impurities in the superconductor, forming a stable magnetic flux structure. The magnetic flux vortices are pinned inside the superconducting block, allowing it to be fixed in a specific position in the magnetic field; that is, under the influence of the Meissner effect and the magnetic flux pinning effect, the superconducting material can levitate in a magnetic field.

[0033] The track is circular, with the first magnetic ring 2, the second magnetic ring 3, and the third magnetic ring 4 nested sequentially from the inside out, as shown below. Figure 2As shown. The first magnetic ring 2, the second magnetic ring 3, and the third magnetic ring 4 are in close contact and can be glued together or fixed together by fixing them to the base plate. The outer diameter of the first magnetic ring 2 is equal to the inner diameter of the second magnetic ring 3, and the outer diameter of the second magnetic ring 3 is equal to the inner diameter of the third magnetic ring 4, and they are in close contact. The upper surfaces of the first magnetic ring 2, the second magnetic ring 3, and the third magnetic ring 4 are flush and of equal thickness. In this way, the upper surface of the magnetic rings is flat, and the magnetic field traps they generate have symmetry and stability. The superconducting block is "bound" by the magnetic traps. The magnetic peaks and valleys formed by the magnetic rings will have a uniform confinement effect on the superconducting block. The symmetrical distribution of the magnetic field enhances the radial stability of the magnetic traps, effectively restricting the radial movement of the levitation block 1. At the same time, if the upper surfaces of the magnetic rings are not flush, the superconducting block may be subjected to uneven magnetic forces, causing it to tilt or move in a certain direction. The flush design can ensure the symmetry of the magnetic field direction, prevent the superconducting block from tilting during levitation, and thus ensure a more stable levitation state. When the upper surface of the magnetic ring is flush, the tolerance requirements in the design and manufacturing process are relatively low. This helps to simplify the manufacturing process and assembly accuracy requirements, reduce the problem of magnetic field inhomogeneity or asymmetry caused by manufacturing errors, and also helps to reduce the manufacturing cost of the system and improve the overall stability and reliability.

[0034] The magnetic poles on the upper surface of the second magnetic ring 3 have opposite polarities to those on the upper surfaces of the first magnetic ring 2 and the third magnetic ring 4. The magnetic poles on the upper surface of the first magnetic ring 2 are N (or S) poles, the upper surface of the second magnetic ring 3 is S (or N) pole, and the magnetic poles on the upper surface of the third magnetic ring 4 are N (or S) poles. Figure 3The image shows the magnetic field distribution at the magnetic rings obtained using MagNet software. Different colors represent different magnetic field strengths: red indicates the magnetic peak, and blue indicates the magnetic valley. The two locations have opposite magnetic properties and both have relatively high magnetic field strengths. A magnetic valley is formed in the middle region of the second magnetic ring 3, while magnetic peaks are formed at the first magnetic ring 2 and the third magnetic ring 4 on either side. Suspension block 1 is located within the magnetic valley. Under the constraint of the magnetic peaks on both sides, the radial movement of suspension block 1 is restricted, allowing it to remain stably suspended above the upper surface of the second magnetic ring 3. Suspension block 1 is suspended within the magnetic valley. Between the S pole formed at the second magnetic ring 3 and the N poles of the first and third magnetic rings 4, the magnetic field lines exhibit a curved distribution, with a high density of magnetic field lines near the second magnetic ring 3. This curved and concentrated magnetic field line provides a stable magnetic field confinement region for the superconducting block, further strengthening the radial constraint and making it less prone to displacement. In other words, the magnetic peak-valley-peak magnetic field distribution creates a magnetic field gradient in the radial direction, effectively preventing the superconducting block from moving radially using the magnetic trap effect, thereby improving radial stability. The magnetic trap creates a local magnetic field trough in the S pole region of the second magnetic ring 3. Even when there are external vibrations, air flow or other disturbances, the superconducting block will be attracted by the magnetic trough and maintain its central position, reducing the radial displacement of the suspending block 1 and thus improving its anti-disturbance capability.

[0035] The widths of the first magnetic ring 2, the second magnetic ring 3, and the third magnetic ring 4 can be the same or different. When the widths of the first magnetic ring 2, the second magnetic ring 3, and the third magnetic ring 4 are the same, the radial magnetic field distribution is more symmetrical, which helps to form a stable magnetic trap above the second magnetic ring 3, uniformly restricting the radial movement of the suspended block 1; and the structure is simple, easy to manufacture and install, and reduces the complexity of the process. In order to further enhance the magnetic field gradient, the width of the second magnetic ring 3 is smaller than that of the first magnetic ring 2 and the third magnetic ring 4. Preferably, the width ratio of the first magnetic ring 2, the second magnetic ring 3, and the third magnetic ring 4 is 1.2:1:1.2. This makes the magnetic valley region more concentrated and the magnetic peak regions on both sides larger, forming a stronger magnetic field gradient in the radial direction, effectively strengthening the constraint force of the magnetic trap, improving the stability of the suspension, and the stronger magnetic field gradient makes it easier for the suspended block 1 to return to the equilibrium position when subjected to external disturbances.

[0036] In use, liquid nitrogen is filled into the sealed chamber through a small hole, which is then sealed. The liquid nitrogen lowers the temperature of the superconducting block, putting it in a superconducting state and enabling it to levitate within the magnetic field of the three magnetic rings. The levitated block 1 can stably levitate above the second magnetic ring 3. As described above, the three magnetic rings form a magnetic peak-valley-peak magnetic field distribution, constraining the levitated block 1 radially. Furthermore, this invention uses an integrated magnetic ring to ensure a uniform magnetic field distribution in the forward direction of the levitated block 1; if block-shaped or fan-shaped small magnets are used, it is difficult to achieve a highly uniform magnetic field distribution, such as... Figure 4 and Figure 5The image shows the magnetic field distribution when small magnets are closely arranged with a spacing of 1 mm. Different colors represent different magnetic field intensities, and the scale on the right shows the correspondence between colors and magnetic field intensities. Figure 5 The spacing between adjacent magnetic blocks is only 1mm. When arranged, the magnetic field is localized in the middle gap. The magnetic field strength in the blue area in the figure is relatively large. That is, the magnetic field will be localized between the two magnetic blocks, resulting in an uneven distribution of the magnetic field in the forward direction of the levitation block 1, making it difficult to levitate stably. Figure 4 When there is no gap between the two magnetic blocks, the magnetic field at the interface will also cause the surface magnetic field to be unevenly distributed.

[0037] Furthermore, the track also includes a bottom ring 5 fixedly disposed on the lower surface of the first magnetic ring 2, the second magnetic ring 3, and the third magnetic ring 4. The inner diameter of the bottom ring 5 is the same as the inner diameter of the first magnetic ring 2, and the outer diameter of the bottom ring 5 is the same as the outer diameter of the third magnetic ring 4. Figure 6 As shown; the bottom ring 5 is used to fix and protect the three magnetic rings. The bottom ring 5 is made of iron, and the first magnetic ring 2, the second magnetic ring 3, and the third magnetic ring 4 can be attracted to the iron, making it easier to fix them together. The track also includes a top ring 6 fixedly set on the upper surface of the first magnetic ring 2, the second magnetic ring 3, and the third magnetic ring 4, as shown. Figure 7 As shown; the inner and outer diameters of the top ring 6 are the same as those of the bottom ring 5. A crossbeam is provided in the middle of the top ring 6, with both ends of the crossbeam fixed to the inner circumference of the top ring 6, and the crossbeam is along the diameter direction. The material of the top ring 6 can be aluminum. Aluminum is non-magnetic and will not affect the magnetic field around the magnetic ring, which helps to stabilize the suspension block 1. The crossbeam in the middle is convenient for the demonstrator to grip. When the demonstrator grips the crossbeam and tilts or moves it, the suspension block 1 can move on the track under the action of gravity or external force. Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 This diagram illustrates the device in three states: top suspension, side suspension, and bottom suspension. Alternatively, when the device is placed on a moving platform with its bottom ring 5 facing down, the resistance is minimal because the suspension block 1 does not contact the track. Under a small external force, the suspension block 1 can move along the track. The overall size of the device can range from a few centimeters to tens of centimeters; the specific dimensions are not limited, making it easy to carry and demonstrate.

[0038] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A superconducting magnetic levitation device, the magnetic levitation device comprising a levitation block and a track, the levitation block being a closed cavity, wherein a superconducting block is fixedly disposed within the closed cavity, characterized in that, The track is circular and includes a first magnetic ring, a second magnetic ring, and a third magnetic ring nested together from the inside out. The outer diameter of the first magnetic ring is equal to the inner diameter of the second magnetic ring, and the outer diameter of the second magnetic ring is equal to the inner diameter of the third magnetic ring. The magnetic poles on the upper surface of the second magnetic ring have opposite polarities to the magnetic poles on the upper surfaces of the first and third magnetic rings.

2. The superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic pole on the upper surface of the first magnetic ring is the N pole, the upper surface of the second magnetic ring is the S pole, and the magnetic pole on the upper surface of the third magnetic ring is the N pole.

3. The superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper surfaces of the first magnetic ring, the second magnetic ring, and the third magnetic ring are flush and have the same thickness.

4. The superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first magnetic ring, the second magnetic ring, and the third magnetic ring have the same width.

5. The superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The superconducting block is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the enclosed chamber near the track.

6. The superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The suspended block is provided with small holes and hole plugs to block the small holes.

7. The superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The track also includes a bottom ring fixedly disposed on the lower surface of the first magnetic ring, the second magnetic ring, and the third magnetic ring.

8. The superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the bottom ring is the same as the inner diameter of the first magnetic ring, and the outer diameter of the bottom ring is the same as the outer diameter of the third magnetic ring.

9. The superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The track also includes a top ring fixedly disposed on the upper surfaces of the first magnetic ring, the second magnetic ring, and the third magnetic ring; the inner and outer diameters of the top ring are the same as those of the bottom ring.

10. The superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 9, characterized in that, A crossbeam is provided in the middle of the top ring, and the two ends of the crossbeam are fixedly provided on the inner ring side of the top ring, with the crossbeam along the diameter direction.

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