Standard penetration test device based on automation
The automated standard penetration test device utilizes a guide rod and gear-driven chain transmission system to achieve continuous and uniform hammering in the standard penetration test, solving the problems of high labor intensity, high risk, and large measurement error of existing devices, and improving test efficiency and data accuracy.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing standard penetration testing equipment suffers from problems such as high labor intensity, high risk, low efficiency, unstable measurement data, and large errors.
An automated standard penetration test device is used, which guides the vertical drop and lifting of the standard hammer through a guide rod. Combined with the reciprocating transmission of the upper and lower double gear drive chain and the release device, continuous and uniform hammering is achieved. The number of hammerings is precisely controlled by a hydraulic motor and a counting display screen.
It improved testing efficiency, reduced operational risks, and significantly reduced measurement errors, enabling accurate recording of test data.
Smart Images
Figure CN224092446U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of soil testing technology, and in particular to an automated standard penetration test device. Background Technology
[0002] The standard penetration test (SPT) is a type of dynamic penetration test. Specifically, it assesses the changes in soil layers and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil based on the penetration resistance of the soil layers.
[0003] Standard penetration tests (SPTs) can be used to: determine the allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil, infer the shear strength of various soil types, estimate the deformation modulus of cohesive soils, and evaluate the vibration liquefaction of sandy soils. Depending on the ease of penetration, they can also qualitatively classify soil layers of different properties, assess the homogeneity of soil, check the quality of fill, detect the location of slip zones and soil cavities, and determine the bedrock surface or gravelly soil layers.
[0004] The current method for conducting standard penetration tests is usually to manually lift a standard hammer and strike it. It is easy to see that this method has disadvantages such as high labor intensity, high risk, low efficiency, unstable measurement data, and large measurement error, which will have a certain impact on the judgment of the project.
[0005] In summary, there is an urgent need to propose an automated standard penetration testing device. Utility Model Content
[0006] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the existing technology, this utility model provides an automated standard penetration test device, which solves the technical problem of "how to improve test efficiency, reduce test operation hazards, and reduce test measurement errors" in the existing standard penetration test process.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the main technical solutions adopted by this utility model include:
[0008] This utility model provides an automated standard penetration test device, specifically:
[0009] The top of the guide rod is fixedly connected to the top of the chassis, and the standard hammer is nested and adapted to the guide rod; the chassis is encapsulated with an upper and lower dual-gear driven chain; one or more release devices are provided on the outside of the chain;
[0010] A release mechanism is used for chain-based drives to reciprocately lift a standard hammer that has fallen freely to the bottom to a preset starting fall height.
[0011] Optionally, the top of the probe rod is nested and connected to the bottom of the guide rod based on the conductive component; the annular limiting seat adapted to the conductive component is fixedly connected to the bottom of the chassis;
[0012] The annular limiting seat is used to limit the vertical displacement of the conductive components.
[0013] Optionally, the conductive component is a structure in which a flange is connected to the bottom end of a disc sleeve; the disc sleeve is a structure in which a hollow disc is fixedly connected to a hollow sleeve.
[0014] The flange is used to securely connect the disc sleeve and the probe rod.
[0015] Optionally, the side of the chassis facing the guide rod is an open side;
[0016] The top edge of the standard hammer is provided with a limiting groove adapted to the trip unit.
[0017] Optionally, the height of the upper gear is set to correspond to the preset starting drop height of the standard hammer;
[0018] The setting height of the lower gear corresponds to the preset bottoming height of the standard hammer.
[0019] Optionally, the external casing may include a hydraulic motor that drives upper and lower dual gears, and a counting display screen that is electrically connected to the hydraulic motor.
[0020] Optionally, a connecting bracket is fixed to the outside of the chassis;
[0021] The bearings at the upper and lower ends of the connecting frame are nested in the track rods fixed in the preset positions.
[0022] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows:
[0023] In this invention, a guide rod is set to guide the standard hammer's "vertical fall" and "vertical rise." Based on this, the chain is driven by upper and lower double gears to move, and the standard hammer, which has just bottomed out, is repeatedly lifted to a preset starting fall height by a "release device located on the outside of the chain." This achieves continuous and uniform automated hammering. Through the automated mechanical assembly line transmission, manual operation can be freed up, reducing the danger of experimental operations while improving experimental efficiency.
[0024] By adjusting the height settings of the upper and lower gears in accordance with actual working conditions, the preset starting drop height and preset bottoming height of the standard hammer can be precisely controlled. Furthermore, by combining the rotation of the upper and lower gears, the number of times the standard hammer falls and strikes can be counted, and the precise number of standard hammer strikes can be displayed intuitively on the counting display screen. Thus, the experimental measurement error is greatly reduced. Attached image description:
[0025] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a standard penetration test device provided in one embodiment of this utility model;
[0026] Figure 2A schematic cross-sectional view of a standard penetration test apparatus provided in one embodiment of this utility model;
[0027] Figure 3 This is a connection structure diagram of the probe rod and the conductive assembly provided in one embodiment of the present invention;
[0028] Figures 1 to 3 The component numbers correspond as follows:
[0029] 1. Chassis; 2. Guide rod; 3-1. First connecting arm; 3-2. Second connecting arm; 4. Standard hammer; 5. Chain; 6. Release device; 7-1. Upper gear; 7-2. Upper gear; 8. Probe rod; 9. Conducting assembly; 9-1. Disc sleeve; 9-1-1. Hollow disc; 9-1-2. Hollow sleeve; 9-2. Flange; 10. Annular limit seat; 11. Hydraulic motor; 12. Counting display screen; 13. Connecting frame; 14. Track rod. Detailed Implementation
[0030] To better explain and facilitate understanding of this utility model, the present utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0031] To better understand the above technical solutions, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention can be understood more clearly and thoroughly, and that the scope of the present invention can be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.
[0032] Example 1
[0033] This embodiment provides an automated standard penetration test device based on the present invention. First, it should be noted that the standard penetration test is a type of dynamic penetration test, which evaluates the changes in the soil layer and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil based on the penetration resistance of the soil layer. The aforementioned "penetration resistance" can be reflected by "the number of hammer blows required for the probe (e.g., the probe rod) to penetrate 30 cm into the soil under a certain hammer weight and drop distance".
[0034] In this embodiment, Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the standard penetration test apparatus. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the standard penetration test apparatus; combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 The standard penetration test device includes a housing 1, a guide rod 2 whose top end is fixedly connected to the top end of the housing 1 based on the first connecting arm 3-1, and a standard hammer 4 nested and adapted to the guide rod 2.
[0035] Preferably, the guide rod 2 is a vertical columnar structure; the inner wall of the central vertical circular hole of the standard hammer 4 is smoothly attached to the outer wall of the guide rod 2, thereby ensuring the vertical accuracy and smoothness of the standard hammer 4 nested on the outside of the guide rod 2 during the falling and lifting process, and minimizing the resistance of the standard hammer 4 during the falling and lifting process.
[0036] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 As shown, the chassis 1 internally encapsulates: an upper and lower dual-gear driven chain 5, and one or more trip units 6 are provided on the outside of the chain 5; as... Figure 2 As shown, the release device 6 is used for transmission based on the chain 5 to reciprocately lift the standard hammer 4, which has fallen freely to the bottom, to a preset starting falling height.
[0037] Regarding the aforementioned "upper and lower double gears," "chain 5," and "release device 6," it should be noted that:
[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the upper and lower double gears include: upper gear 7-1 and upper gear 7-2; upper gear 7-1 and upper gear 7-2 are rotary gear structures of the same size and structure, and are set at different preset heights based on corresponding central shafts. The line connecting their central shafts is parallel to the guide rod 2.
[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, chain 5 is a chain-like structure with the ends connected, and it is tensioned and meshed around the upper gear 7-1 and the upper gear 7-2.
[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, the trip unit 6 is a pawl structure facing outwards.
[0041] In this embodiment, it should be noted that the "standard penetration test" process requires "the standard hammer 4 to repeatedly and continuously strike the probe rod 8." Since the standard hammer 4 is nested and adapted to the guide rod 2, in order to achieve the striking of the probe rod 8 by the standard hammer 4 during the aforementioned "standard penetration test," one possible method is that the top of the probe rod 8 is nested and connected to the bottom of the guide rod 2 based on the conductive component 9. Specifically, in conjunction with... Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the connection structure between the probe rod and the conductive assembly;
[0042] In the aforementioned "standard penetration test," the following conditions must be met: the vertical displacement of both the standard hammer 4 and the probe rod 8 must be vertical to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of the standard penetration test; the vertical displacement of the standard hammer 4 can be controlled based on the guide rod 2; to achieve the vertical displacement control of the probe rod 8, one possible method is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the annular limiting seat 10 adapted to the conduction component 9 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the chassis 1 based on the second connecting arm 3-2 to limit the vertical displacement of the conduction component 9; preferably, the annular limiting seat 10 is a columnar collar structure.
[0043] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 As shown, the conductive component 9 can be a structure in which the bottom end of the disc sleeve 9-1 is connected to the flange 9-2; the disc sleeve 9-1 is a structure in which the hollow disc 9-1-1 is fixedly connected to the hollow sleeve 9-1-2; the flange 9-2 is used to fix the disc sleeve 9-1 and the probe rod 8.
[0044] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 Preferably, the inner wall of the central vertical circular hole of the disc sleeve 9-1 is smoothly attached to the outer wall of the guide rod 2, thereby ensuring the vertical accuracy and smoothness of the disc sleeve 9-1 nested on the outside of the guide rod 2 during the falling and lifting process, and minimizing the resistance of the disc sleeve 9-1 during the falling and lifting process.
[0045] In this embodiment, in order to achieve: limiting the vertical displacement of the transmission component 9 based on the annular limiting seat 10, and providing support for the annular limiting seat 10 based on the transmission component 9, an optional structure of the annular limiting seat 10 and the transmission component 9 is as follows:
[0046] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 The outer wall of the hollow sleeve 9-1-2 is smoothly fitted to the inner wall of the annular limiting seat 10; the height of the hollow sleeve 9-1-2 is greater than the height of the annular limiting seat 10, and the height difference can play a role in the impact buffer. The specific height difference can be determined based on the specific working conditions; thereby ensuring the vertical accuracy and smoothness of the hollow sleeve 9-1-2 nested inside the annular limiting seat 10 during the falling and lifting process, and minimizing the resistance of the hollow sleeve 9-1-2 during the falling and lifting process.
[0047] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 To prevent the conductive assembly 9 from detaching from the guide rod 2, the outer diameter of the disc sleeve 9-1 is larger than the inner diameter of the circular through hole of the annular limit seat 10; to ensure that the conductive assembly 9 provides strong support for the annular limit seat 10, the outer diameter of the flange 9-2 is larger than the inner diameter of the circular through hole of the annular limit seat 10.
[0048] Regarding the process of "the trip unit 6, based on the transmission of the chain 5, reciprocatingly lifting the standard hammer 4, which has fallen freely to the bottom, to the preset starting falling height," it should be noted that:
[0049] like Figure 1As shown, the external casing 1 is equipped with a hydraulic motor 11 that drives the upper and lower double gears; the hydraulic motor 11 can adjust the direction and speed of the upper and lower double gears.
[0050] It should be noted that the top edge of the standard hammer 4 is provided with an annular limiting groove adapted to the trip unit 6; the "hooking and unhooking of the trip unit 6 and the limiting groove structure" can be achieved based on existing technology, and this application does not make specific limitations.
[0051] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 The setting height of the upper gear 7-1 corresponds to the preset starting falling height of the standard hammer 4; the setting height of the lower gear 7-2 corresponds to the preset bottoming height of the standard hammer 4; the "preset starting falling height" and "preset bottoming height" are determined based on the actual working conditions.
[0052] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 The side of the chassis 1 facing the guide rod 2 is an open surface to ensure that the release device 6 located on the outside of the chain 5 can contact the annular limiting groove of the release device 6 under the transmission action of the chain 5.
[0053] One possible approach is: such as Figure 2 As shown, two release devices 6 are provided on the outer side of the chain 5. The length of the chain 5 between the two release devices 6 is 1 / 2 of the total length of the chain 5. The two release devices 6 (for example, they may include release device A and release device B) move clockwise with the chain 5. When release device A contacts the "standard hammer 4 falling to the top surface of the conduction component 9", it can form a hook relationship with the "annular limiting groove at the top edge of the standard hammer 4", thereby indirectly driving the standard hammer 4 to rise while the chain 5 drives release device A to rise. Due to the "setting height of the upper gear 7-1", The height corresponds to the preset starting drop height of the standard hammer 4. When the release device A is raised to the preset starting drop height, it will turn with the chain 5, causing the release device A to disengage from the standard hammer 4. The standard hammer 4 will then fall freely and hit the bottom again to strike. After the standard hammer 4 falls freely and hits the bottom again, the same principle applies, and the release device B will bring the standard hammer 4 from the preset bottom height back to the preset starting drop height to achieve another fall and strike. In summary, the release device A and the release device B can achieve orderly and precise continuous hammering.
[0054] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 As shown, the number of hammer blows can be obtained by counting the number of times the trip unit 6 hooks and disengages from the limiting groove structure. The number of times the trip unit 6 hooks and disengages from the limiting groove structure is related to the rotation speed of the hydraulic motor 11. Therefore, the counting display screen 12, which is electrically connected to the hydraulic motor 11, can display the specific number of hammer blows, which is more accurate than manual counting.
[0055] In this embodiment, it should be noted that:
[0056] The transmission component 9 provides strong support for the annular limiting seat 10, which in turn provides strong support for the chassis 1. Since the transmission component 9 and the probe rod 8 are connected as one unit, when the probe rod 8 sinks with each hammer blow, the transmission component 9 also sinks, and the chassis 1 combined with the annular limiting seat 10 also sinks. In order to ensure that the "structural sinking of the chassis 1 combined with the annular limiting seat 10" is a smooth vertical sinking process, a connecting frame 13 is fixed on the outside of the chassis 1. The bearings at the upper and lower ends of the connecting frame 13 are nested in the vertical track rod 14 fixed in a preset position.
[0057] For the standard penetration test device described in the aforementioned embodiment 1, by setting guide rod 2, the standard hammer 4 is guided to "fall vertically" and "rise vertically". On this basis, the chain 5 is driven by upper and lower double gears to move, and the standard hammer 4, which falls freely to the bottom, is raised to the preset starting falling height by the "release device 6 set on the outside of the chain 5" to achieve: continuous and uniform automatic hammering; through the automatic mechanical assembly line transmission, manual operation can be freed up, and the test efficiency is improved while reducing the danger of test operation.
[0058] By adjusting the height settings of the upper gear 7-1 and the lower gear 7-2 in accordance with actual working conditions, the preset starting drop height and preset bottoming height of the standard hammer 4 can be precisely controlled. Furthermore, by combining the rotation of the upper and lower gears, the number of times the standard hammer 4 falls and hits can be counted, and the precise number of times the standard hammer 4 hits can be displayed intuitively on the counting display screen 12. Thus, the experimental measurement error is greatly reduced.
[0059] It should be noted that any reference numerals placed between parentheses in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of components or steps not listed in the claims. The words "a" or "an" preceding a component do not exclude the presence of a plurality of such components. The use of the terms first, second, third, etc., is for convenience only and does not indicate any order. These terms can be understood as part of the component names.
[0060] Furthermore, it should be noted that in the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this utility model. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.
[0061] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning of the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the claims should be interpreted to include both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present invention.
[0062] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this utility model and their equivalents, then this utility model should also include these modifications and variations.
Claims
1. An automated standard penetration test apparatus, characterized in that, The top of the guide rod is fixedly connected to the top of the chassis, and the standard hammer is nested and adapted to the guide rod; the chassis is encapsulated with an upper and lower dual-gear driven chain; one or more release devices are provided on the outside of the chain; A release mechanism is used for chain-based drives to reciprocately lift a standard hammer that has fallen freely to the bottom to a preset starting fall height.
2. The standard penetration test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the probe rod is nested and connected to the bottom of the guide rod based on the conductive component; the annular limiting seat adapted to the conductive component is fixedly connected to the bottom of the chassis; The annular limiting seat is used to limit the vertical displacement of the conductive components.
3. The standard penetration test apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The conductive component is a structure in which a flange is connected to the bottom end of a disc sleeve; the disc sleeve is a structure in which a hollow disc is fixedly connected to a hollow sleeve. The flange is used to securely connect the disc sleeve and the probe rod.
4. The standard penetration test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side of the chassis facing the guide rod is the open side; The top edge of the standard hammer is provided with a limiting groove adapted to the trip unit.
5. The standard penetration test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The setting height of the upper gear corresponds to the preset starting drop height of the standard hammer; The setting height of the lower gear corresponds to the preset bottoming height of the standard hammer.
6. The standard penetration test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The external casing is equipped with a hydraulic motor that drives the upper and lower dual gears, and a counting display screen that is electrically connected to the hydraulic motor.
7. The standard penetration test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, A connecting bracket is fixed on the outside of the chassis; The bearings at the upper and lower ends of the connecting frame are nested in the track rods fixed in the preset positions.