Mushroom drying device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a mushroom drying device which comprises a drying chamber and a heating channel which are arranged up and down, the ends of the drying chamber and the heating channel are communicated with each other, a natural gas heater and a heat pump heater are adopted in the heating channel for heating, and a heat exchanger and a tail gas drainage channel are arranged at the tail end of the drying chamber. Fresh air introduced into the heating channel can be preheated through the heat exchanger, and the dried tail discharged by the heat exchanger can be introduced into the heat pump outdoor unit through the tail gas drainage channel. The device is compact in structure and small in occupied area, and the space in the height direction can be fully utilized; and waste heat of the drying tail gas can be used for heating the area where the heat pump outdoor unit is located, freezing of the heat pump outdoor unit is avoided, and the heating efficiency of the heat pump can be improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural product drying, in particular to a mushroom drying device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Due to the characteristics of loose organization and high water content (usually up to 80%-90%) of mushroom agricultural products, efficient dehydration process is needed to achieve long-term preservation in post-harvest processing. The existing mushroom drying equipment mostly uses coal-fired boilers or electric heating methods to provide heat sources, which has the problems of high energy consumption, high operation cost and large carbon emissions. In recent years, some equipment has tried to introduce heat pump drying technology, which recovers low-grade heat energy in the air through the principle of reverse Carnot cycle, and the energy consumption is reduced by about 40%-60% compared with the traditional method, which has significant energy-saving advantages. However, such heat pump drying systems have obvious defects when operating in cold environments (environmental temperature ≤5℃): first, low temperature causes the air source temperature on the evaporator side of the heat pump to be too low, and the system's heating energy efficiency ratio (COP) sharply decreases to below 2.0, which cannot meet the heat load demand of continuous drying; second, the evaporator surface continuously absorbs environmental heat, which further reduces the outdoor unit air temperature, and when the air dew point temperature is lower than the evaporator surface temperature, it will cause fin frosting or even icing, forcing the system to frequently enter the defrosting cycle. Not only does this process cause about 15%-25% of the effective working time to be lost, but it also causes the indoor temperature of the drying chamber to fluctuate due to periodic shutdown, which affects the uniformity of mushroom quality. Although the existing technology has been improved through electric auxiliary heating or increasing the heat exchange area of the outdoor unit, it has not fundamentally solved the technical contradiction between heat pump efficiency decay and frosting under low-temperature working conditions, which seriously restricts the promotion and application of heat pump drying equipment in northern production areas and winter scenarios. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new energy-saving drying equipment that can maintain efficient and stable operation in a wide temperature range and effectively suppress evaporator frosting. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a mushroom drying device to solve the technical problems of high energy consumption of the above drying equipment and limited working environment of the heat pump.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a mushroom drying device, which comprises:

[0005] The drying chamber is a rectangular cabinet space structure for accommodating mushrooms; the heating channel is arranged above the drying chamber, and a natural gas heater and a heat pump indoor unit are arranged inside the heating channel, and the two ends of the heating channel are communicated with the drying chamber, and the heating channel is used for heating air to obtain hot air required for drying; the heat exchanger is arranged at the tail end of the drying chamber, and the heat exchanger has a first channel for discharging drying tail gas and a second channel for entering fresh air, and the heat exchanger is used for recycling the waste heat of the drying tail gas to preheat the fresh air; the tail gas drainage channel is arranged outside the drying chamber and the heating channel, and is communicated with the discharge end of the first channel, and is used for guiding the drying tail gas discharged from the first channel to the heat pump outdoor unit to heat the space where the heat pump outdoor unit is located.

[0006] Further, a plurality of heat pump outdoor units are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the heating channel at the top of the heating channel; the tail gas drainage channel is in inverted L-shaped structure, and the top of the tail gas drainage channel extends to the top of the heating channel and covers the heat pump outdoor unit inside; the tail end of the bottom of the tail gas drainage channel is communicated with the discharge end of the first channel.

[0007] Further, the front end of the heating channel is provided with an arc-shaped air deflector, which extends from top to bottom to the front end of the drying chamber, and is used for uniformly guiding hot air into the inner end of the drying chamber.

[0008] Further, the side surface of the front end of the drying chamber is provided with a discharge door, the side surface of the tail end is provided with an inlet door, and the tail end of the drying chamber is provided with a pushing cylinder, which is arranged along the length direction of the drying chamber, and is used for pushing the drying rack loaded with mushrooms sent in through the inlet door and the drying rack in the drying chamber to the front end by one position.

[0009] Further, a track is arranged in the drying chamber, and a roller matched with the track is arranged at the bottom of the drying rack, so that the drying rack moves along the track to the front end when pushed by the pushing cylinder.

[0010] Further, two or more tracks are arranged in the drying chamber along the width direction, and one pushing cylinder is arranged at the tail end of each track.

[0011] Further, two or more heat exchangers are arranged at the tail end of the drying chamber along the width direction, and an exhaust valve is arranged between at least two adjacent heat exchangers, and the exhaust valve is opened to discharge drying tail gas when the internal air pressure is greater than a predetermined value.

[0012] Further, the front end of the heating channel is provided with an upper circulating fan, and the tail end of the drying chamber is provided with a lower circulating fan; the upper circulating fan is located in front of the natural gas heater, and the lower circulating fan is located in front of the heat exchanger.

[0013] Further, the heat pump indoor unit is located behind the natural gas heater.

[0014] Further, the outer sides of the drying chamber, the heating channel and the tail gas drainage channel are provided with thermal insulation layers.

[0015] Differing from the prior art, the above technical solution of the mushroom drying device comprises a drying chamber and a heating channel arranged in an upper-lower manner and connected at the ends, which is compact in structure, small in floor area, and can fully utilize the space in the height direction; and the natural gas heater and the heat pump heater are used for heating in the heating channel, which improves the reliability of the equipment, reduces the drying energy consumption, and sets the heat exchanger and the tail gas drainage channel, the fresh air introduced into the heating channel can be preheated by the heat exchanger, the drying tail discharged from the heat exchanger can be introduced into the heat pump outdoor unit through the tail gas drainage channel, the waste heat of the drying tail gas can be used to heat the area where the heat pump outdoor unit is located, the heat pump outdoor unit is prevented from icing, and the heating efficiency of the heat pump is improved.

[0016] The above content related to the utility model is only a summary of the technical solution of the application, in order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solution of the application, and then can be implemented according to the content recorded in the specification and the drawings, and in order to enable the above purpose and other purposes, characteristics and advantages of the application to be more easily understood, the following is described in combination with the specific embodiments of the application and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] The drawings are only used to show the principles, implementation manners, applications, characteristics and effects of the specific embodiments and other related contents of the application, and cannot be considered as limitations of the application.

[0018] In the drawings of the specification:

[0019] Figure 1 The structure schematic view of the mushroom drying device described in the specific embodiments;

[0020] Figure 2 The internal structure perspective view described in the specific embodiments;

[0021] Figure 3 The end schematic view of the mushroom drying device described in the specific embodiments;

[0022] The reference signs involved in the above drawings are explained as follows:

[0023] 1, drying chamber; 10, drying frame; 11, feeding door; 12, discharging door; 13, arc-shaped air deflector; 14, track; 15, pushing cylinder; 2, heating channel; 3, tail gas guiding channel; 4, heat exchanger; 5, heat pump heater; 51, heat pump indoor unit; 52, heat pump outdoor unit; 6, natural gas heater; 7, upper circulating fan; 8, lower circulating fan; 9, exhaust valve; 41, first channel; 42, second channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] To make the possible application scenarios, technical principles, specific schemes that can be implemented, purposes and effects achieved, etc. of the present application clear, the following will be described in detail in combination with the specific embodiments listed and the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described herein are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical schemes of the present application, and therefore only serve as examples, but cannot limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0025] In this paper, the term "embodiment" means that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in combination with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The term "embodiment" appearing at various positions in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, and does not particularly limit the independence or association between other embodiments. In principle, in the present application, as long as there is no technical contradiction or conflict, the technical features mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any way to form a corresponding implementable technical scheme.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, the meaning of the technical terms used herein is the same as that generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs; the use of related terms in this paper is only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and is not intended to limit the present application.

[0027] In the description of the present application, the word "and / or" is a description of the logical relationship between the objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which means that there are three cases: A exists, B exists, and A and B exist at the same time. In addition, the character " / " in this paper generally represents that the associated objects before and after are a "or" logical relationship.

[0028] In the present application, terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual quantity, primary and secondary or order relationship between the entities or operations.

[0029] In the present application, the terms "comprise", "contain", "include", or other similar phrases used in the statements mean to encompass the non-exclusive inclusion, and the terms do not exclude the presence of additional elements in the process, method or product comprising the stated elements, so that the process, method or product comprising a series of elements can not only include those defined elements, but also include other elements not explicitly listed, or also include elements inherent to such process, method or product.

[0030] In the present application, the terms "greater than", "less than", "exceed" and the like are understood as not including the number itself; the terms "above", "below", "within" and the like are understood as including the number itself. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is more than two (including two), and similar expressions related to "multiple" are also understood in this way, for example, "multiple groups", "multiple times" and the like, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the spatial-related terms used, such as "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "perpendicular", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like, indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the specific embodiments or the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the specific embodiments of the present application or for the reader to understand, and do not indicate or imply that the indicated device or component must have a particular position, a particular orientation, or be constructed or operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0032] Unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, the terms "mount", "connect", "connect", "fix", "set" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, the "connection" can be a fixed connection, or a detachable connection, or an integral setting; it can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection, or a communication connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 The present embodiment provides a mushroom drying device. The mushroom drying device can be applied to the drying of various common mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms, pleurotus eryngii, bamboo shoots, etc. The mushroom drying device comprises a drying chamber 1, a heating channel 2, a heat exchanger 4 and a tail gas drainage channel 3.

[0034] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the drying chamber 1 is a rectangular cabinet space structure, and is used to accommodate mushrooms. The heating channel 2 is arranged above the drying chamber 1, and the inside of the heating channel 2 is provided with a natural gas heater 6 and a heat pump indoor unit 51, and the two ends of the heating channel 2 are respectively communicated with the drying chamber 1. The heating channel 2 is used to heat air to obtain hot air required for drying, wherein the natural gas heater 6 and the heat pump indoor unit 51 are both used to heat the air (which is a mixed gas of fresh air and drying tail gas) in the heating channel 2, the heat pump indoor unit 51 is connected to a heat pump outdoor unit 52 through a copper pipe, and the heat pump outdoor unit 52 and the heat pump indoor unit 51 form a heat pump heater 5. The natural gas heater 6 is connected to a natural gas pipeline, and heats the air in the heating channel by burning natural gas to generate heat. As shown in Figure 2 , the heat pump indoor unit 51 is located behind the natural gas heater 6, and the air in the heating channel 2 is first heated by the heat pump indoor unit 51, and then heated by the natural gas heater 6. The structure and working principle of the natural gas heater 6 and the heat pump heater 5 are conventional technical means in the art, which will not be described in detail here.

[0035] The heat exchanger 4 is arranged at the tail end of the drying chamber 1, and the heat exchanger 4 has a first channel 41 for discharging drying tail gas and a second channel 42 for entering fresh air. The heat exchanger is used to recover the waste heat of the drying tail gas to preheat the fresh air. In this embodiment, the heat exchanger is a plate-fin heat exchanger, and its standard name is aluminum plate-fin heat exchanger (according to the standard NB / T 47006-2019). The plate-fin heat exchanger is composed of parallel heat-conducting metal partitions and corrugated metal fins. Each heat-conducting metal partition is sealed by a sealing strip to form an independent unit body, and the combined plate bundle structure is compact.

[0036] The fins serve as a "secondary surface" to significantly increase the heat transfer area, making up for the low heat transfer coefficient between gases. The first channel and the second channel are separated by heat-conducting metal partitions (copper, aluminum, aluminum alloy) and exchange heat. The inside of the heat-conducting metal partition is the first channel, and the outside of the heat-conducting metal partition is the second channel. The drying tail gas in the first channel and the fresh air in the second channel exchange heat through the heat-conducting metal partition and the fins. As shown in Figure 2 , the fresh air enters from the bottom of the heat exchanger and is discharged into the heating channel 2 at the top, and the drying tail gas enters from the front side of the heat exchanger and is discharged from the rear side.

[0037] As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the tail gas guiding channel 3 is arranged outside the drying chamber 1 and the heating channel 2 and is in communication with the discharge end of the first channel 41, for guiding the drying tail gas discharged from the first channel 41 to the heat pump outdoor unit 52 to heat the space where the heat pump outdoor unit 52 is located.

[0038] The mushrooms to be dried can be placed on the drying rack 10, which is provided with multiple layers of drying screens that are air-permeable, and the mushrooms are placed on the drying screens for drying. The natural gas heater 6 and the heat pump indoor unit 51 in the heating channel 2 heat the air to form hot air required for drying, which enters the drying chamber 1 from the front end of the drying chamber 1 to dry the mushrooms in the drying chamber 1. During drying, the hot air takes away the moisture of the mushrooms, and the temperature of the hot air decreases while the humidity increases to form drying tail gas. Part of the drying tail gas is discharged to the outside through the heat exchanger, and another part reenters the heating channel 2 for heating and recycling, and part of the fresh air enters the heating channel 2 through the heat exchanger to compensate for the discharged drying tail gas. Among them, as shown in Figure 2 The direction indicated by the arrow in the figure is the flow direction of the drying tail gas at the tail end of the drying chamber 1 and the fresh air. The fresh air exchanges heat with the discharged drying tail gas in the heat exchanger, and the temperature of the fresh air increases by absorbing part of the residual heat of the drying tail gas, and then reenters the heating channel 2 for further heating. As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 The drying tail gas discharged from the heat exchanger is guided to the location of the heat pump outdoor unit 52 through the tail gas guiding channel 3. Since the temperature of the drying tail gas discharged from the heat exchanger is higher than the ambient temperature, the drying tail gas can heat the space where the heat pump outdoor unit 52 is located, thereby avoiding icing of the heat pump outdoor unit 52 and improving the heating efficiency of the heat pump.

[0039] As shown in Figure 2 In this embodiment, the mushroom drying device has multiple heat pump outdoor units 52, which are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the heating channel 2 on the top of the heating channel 2. Each heat pump outdoor unit 52 corresponds to a heat pump indoor unit 51, and the heat pump indoor units 51 are arranged in the length direction in the heating channel 2. Figure 3 As shown, the tail gas guiding channel 3 has an inverted L-shaped structure, the top of the tail gas guiding channel 3 extends to the top of the heating channel 2, and the tail gas guiding channel 3 exceeds the top of the heating channel 2 to cover the heat pump outdoor unit 52 inside; the tail end of the bottom of the tail gas guiding channel 3 is in communication with the discharge end of the first channel 41 of the heat exchanger. The drying tail gas discharged from the heat exchanger is transmitted to the location of the heat pump outdoor unit 52 along the tail gas guiding channel 3, and then discharged to the outside of the tail gas guiding channel 3.

[0040] As shown in Figure 2As shown, in order to enable the air in the drying chamber 1 to circulate with the heating channel 2, an upper circulating fan 7 is arranged at the front end of the heating channel 2, and a lower circulating fan 8 is arranged at the tail end of the drying chamber 1; the upper circulating fan 7 is located in front of the natural gas heater 6, and the lower circulating fan 8 is located in front of the heat exchanger. The upper circulating fan 7 is used to send air to the front end of the heating channel 2, and the lower circulating fan 8 is used to send air to the tail end of the drying chamber 1.

[0041] In this embodiment, the heat pump outdoor unit 52 is arranged at the top of the heating channel 2, which can shorten the distance between the heat pump outdoor unit 52 and the heat pump indoor unit 51, and facilitate the installation and fixation of the heat pump outdoor unit 52. In other embodiments, the heat pump outdoor unit 52 can also be arranged on the outside of the heating channel 2, or on the outside of the drying chamber 1. Moreover, the tail gas guiding channel 3 is not limited to the inverted L-shaped structure.

[0042] As shown in the drawings, Figure 2 In this embodiment, in order to enable the hot air at the front end of the heating channel 2 to be more uniformly delivered into the drying chamber 1 and reduce the loss of air speed when the hot air turns, an arc-shaped air deflector 13 is arranged at the front end of the heating channel 2, which extends from top to bottom to the front end of the drying chamber 1 and is used to uniformly guide the hot air into the front end of the drying chamber 1. The arc-shaped air deflector 13 can be made of steel plate or plastic plate. The hot air at the front end of the heating channel 2 moves along the arc-shaped air deflector 13 and enters the front end of the drying chamber 1.

[0043] As shown in the drawings, Figure 1 and Figure 2 In order to facilitate the entry and exit of mushrooms, in this embodiment, a discharge door 12 is arranged at the side of the front end of the drying chamber 1, and an inlet door 11 is arranged at the side of the tail end of the drying chamber 1. Moreover, a pushing air cylinder 15 is arranged at the tail end of the drying chamber 1, which is arranged along the length direction of the drying chamber 1 and is used to push the drying racks 10 loaded with mushrooms sent in through the inlet door 11 and the drying racks 10 in the drying chamber 1 to the front end by one machine position.

[0044] During drying, the drying rack 10 at the front end of the drying chamber 1 is first removed from the discharge door 12, and a new drying rack 10 is sent into the tail end of the drying chamber 1 through the inlet door 11. Then, the drying rack 10 is pushed forward by the pushing air cylinder 15, so that each drying rack 10 in the drying chamber 1 moves forward by one machine position, and the length of the machine position is greater than the length of one drying rack 10. Therefore, through the mushroom drying device, one drying rack 10 can be sent in or removed every certain time, so that the non-stop circulating drying operation can be realized.

[0045] As shown in the drawings, Figure 2As shown, in order to make the drying rack 10 move more smoothly in the drying chamber 1, a track 14 is provided in the drying chamber 1, and the bottom of the drying rack 10 is provided with rollers that are adapted to the track 14, so that the drying rack 10 moves towards the front end along the track 14 when pushed by the pushing cylinder 15.

[0046] In some embodiments, in order to improve the feeding and discharging efficiency of the drying chamber 1, two or more tracks 14 are provided in the drying chamber 1 along the width direction, and a pusher cylinder 15 is provided at the tail end of each track 14.

[0047] like Figure 3 As shown, the drying chamber 1 has two or more heat exchangers arranged along its width at its tail end. An exhaust valve 9 is provided between at least two adjacent heat exchangers. The exhaust valve 9 opens to release drying exhaust gas when the internal air pressure exceeds a predetermined value. Specifically, the exhaust valve 9 is a flap valve. When the internal air pressure of the flap valve exceeds the closing torque generated by the valve plate's own weight, the valve plate opens to release exhaust gas. Therefore, some drying exhaust gas can be directly discharged to the outside of the drying chamber 1 without passing through the heat exchangers, ensuring smooth exhaust from the drying chamber 1.

[0048] In this embodiment, to reduce heat loss during the drying process, insulation layers are provided on the outer sides of the drying chamber 1, the heating channel 2, and the exhaust gas drainage channel 3. The insulation layer can be any one of expanded polystyrene (EPS), rigid polyurethane foam (PU), or polypropylene (EPP), and its thickness can be selected as needed; for example, the insulation layer can be a rigid polyurethane foam board with a thickness of 5-7 cm.

[0049] Finally, it should be noted that although the above embodiments have been described in the text and drawings of this application, this should not limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Any technical solutions that are based on the essential concept of this application and utilize the content described in the text and drawings of this application, resulting in equivalent structural or procedural substitutions or modifications, as well as the direct or indirect application of the technical solutions of the above embodiments to other related technical fields, are all included within the scope of patent protection of this application.

Claims

1. A mushroom drying apparatus, characterized by comprising: The application relates to a drying room for drying mushrooms. The drying room is a rectangular cabinet space structure for accommodating mushrooms. A heating channel is arranged above the drying room and internally provided with a natural gas heater and a heat pump inner machine, and the two ends of the heating channel are communicated with the drying room, and the heating channel is used for heating air to obtain hot air required for drying. A heat exchanger is arranged at the tail end of the drying room, the heat exchanger has a first channel for discharging drying tail gas and a second channel for entering fresh air, and the heat exchanger is used for recycling waste heat of the drying tail gas to preheat fresh air. A tail gas drainage channel is arranged outside the drying room and the heating channel and communicated with the discharge end of the first channel, and is used for guiding the drying tail gas discharged from the first channel to the heat pump outer machine to heat the space where the heat pump outer machine is located.

2. The mushroom drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein A plurality of heat pump outer machines are arranged on the top of the heating channel along the length direction of the heating channel.

3. The mushroom drying apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, An arc-shaped air deflector is arranged at the front end of the heating channel and extends from top to bottom to the front end of the drying room, and is used for uniformly guiding hot air into the inner end of the drying room.

4. The mushroom drying apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein A discharge door is arranged on the side of the front end of the drying room, an inlet door is arranged on the side of the tail end of the drying room, and a pushing cylinder is arranged at the tail end of the drying room and arranged along the length direction of the drying room, and is used for pushing the drying rack loaded with mushrooms sent by the inlet door and the drying rack in the drying room to the front end by one position.

5. The mushroom drying apparatus according to claim 4, wherein A track is arranged in the drying room, and a roller matched with the track is arranged at the bottom of the drying rack, so that the drying rack moves along the track to the front end when pushed by the pushing cylinder.

6. The mushroom drying apparatus according to claim 5, wherein Two or more tracks are arranged in the drying room along the width direction, and one pushing cylinder is arranged at the tail end of each track.

7. The mushroom drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein Two or more heat exchangers are arranged at the tail end of the drying room along the width direction, and an exhaust valve is arranged between at least two adjacent heat exchangers, and the exhaust valve is opened to discharge drying tail gas when the internal air pressure is greater than a predetermined value.

8. The mushroom drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein An upper circulating fan is arranged at the front end of the heating channel, and a lower circulating fan is arranged at the tail end of the drying room.

9. The mushroom drying apparatus according to claim 8, wherein The heat pump inner machine is arranged behind the natural gas heater.

10. The mushroom drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein A heat preservation layer is arranged on the outside of the drying room, the heating channel and the tail gas drainage channel.

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