High-gain microstrip yagi antenna based on LTE base station signal
By using Wilkinson power divider feeding design and integrated ground plane structure, the high-gain microstrip Yagi antenna solves the problems of insufficient gain of traditional microstrip antennas and large size of Yagi antennas, realizing a high-gain, easily integrated low-altitude passive radar antenna suitable for low-altitude detection.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-10
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, traditional microstrip antennas have insufficient gain and are difficult to capture weak scattered signals, while traditional Yagi antennas are bulky and heavy, making them difficult to integrate into urban base stations or mobile detection platforms, and thus failing to meet the high gain and easy integration requirements of low-altitude passive radar.
The high-gain microstrip Yagi antenna employs a Wilkinson power divider feed design and an integrated ground plane structure. By optimizing the synergy between the feed network and the radiating element, it achieves high-efficiency radiation and a sharp directional beam. Combined with a two-element microstrip Yagi antenna array and a symmetrical layout, it ensures equal amplitude and in-phase signal distribution. Furthermore, the integrated design of the reflector and ground plane enhances directivity and suppresses multipath interference.
It significantly improves the antenna's gain and directivity, enabling high-sensitivity acquisition of weak signals, while reducing weight and thickness, making it suitable for mobile detection scenarios such as vehicles and drones. It also enhances mechanical stability and high-frequency compatibility, making it suitable for low-altitude detection applications.
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Figure CN224110485U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a high-gain microstrip Yagi antenna based on LTE base station signals. BACKGROUND
[0002] With the vigorous development of low-altitude economy and the intensive application of low-altitude vehicles (such as unmanned aerial vehicles and flying cars), low-altitude safety supervision is facing severe challenges. Traditional active radars rely on independent transmitters, have problems such as limited spectrum resources, high deployment cost and easy exposure, and are difficult to meet the needs of urban global coverage and concealed detection.
[0003] The passive radar technology based on LTE base station signals realizes target detection by receiving the scattering echoes of communication signals of the vehicles, can reuse the communication infrastructure densely covered in cities, and has the advantages of concealment, economy and wide adaptability, and has become a core solution for low-altitude security.
[0004] However, this technology has very high requirements for the performance of the receiving antenna; on the one hand, it needs to cover the LTE frequency band to adapt to the dynamic frequency band switching of the base station, and on the other hand, it needs to have high gain and strong directivity to capture weak scattering signals and suppress complex electromagnetic interference in cities. In the prior art, although ordinary microstrip antennas have small size and low cost, their gain is insufficient (5-8 dBi), which limits the detection sensitivity; although the traditional Yagi antenna has excellent directivity, its three-dimensional metal vibrator structure is bulky and heavy, and it is difficult to integrate into a city base station or a mobile detection platform.
[0005] Developing a new type of receiving antenna with high gain and small size is a key to breaking through the bottleneck of low-altitude passive radar technology - it needs to inherit the lightweight and easy integration advantages of microstrip antennas and needs to integrate the directivity enhancement capability of Yagi antennas, so as to realize high-precision and all-weather detection of low-altitude vehicles in complex urban environments. Therefore, a high-gain microstrip Yagi antenna based on LTE base station signals is proposed. SUMMARY
[0006] The application aims to provide a high-gain microstrip Yagi antenna based on LTE base station signals to improve the gain of the receiving antenna and improve the directivity of the antenna.
[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the application provides a high-gain microstrip Yagi antenna based on LTE base station signals, which at least comprises: a dielectric substrate, a director, a reflector, an active radiation vibrator and a microstrip feed line; the director is located on the top of the dielectric substrate; the reflector is arranged on the bottom of the dielectric substrate; the active radiation vibrator is arranged on the bottom and top of the dielectric substrate; and the microstrip feed line is arranged on the top and bottom of the dielectric substrate.
[0008] As above, wherein the active radiation vibrator is a dipole.
[0009] The above, wherein the reflector is replaced by a metal ground plate.
[0010] The above, wherein the microstrip feed line is composed of a Wilkinson power divider feeding structure.
[0011] The above, wherein the lower half arm of the active radiation oscillator is connected with a metal reflecting plate, and the upper half arm is connected with a microstrip feed line.
[0012] The above, wherein a lumped excitation port is arranged at the front end of the microstrip feed line for feeding.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
[0014] (1) The high-gain microstrip Yagi antenna based on an LTE base station signal, which adopts a Wilkinson power divider feeding design, significantly improves the radiation performance of the antenna, and the maximum measured gain reaches 13.49 dB. Through the synergistic effect of optimizing the feeding network and the radiation unit, the design realizes high-efficiency radiation and sharp directional beams while maintaining a compact structure, which can effectively capture weak scattered signals of low-altitude aircraft and provide a high-sensitivity front-end receiving solution for passive radar systems.
[0015] (2) The high-gain microstrip Yagi antenna based on an LTE base station signal, which adopts a Wilkinson power divider feeding design for a two-unit microstrip Yagi antenna array, realizes equal-amplitude and in-phase distribution of two-way signals through symmetrical layout, ensures strict coherent superposition of array beams with a phase error of <5°, and optimizes the antenna input impedance matching through a multi-stage impedance transformation structure, which significantly reduces the influence of external disturbances such as temperature and vibration on performance, and is suitable for mobile detection scenarios such as vehicle-mounted and unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted.
[0016] (3) The high-gain microstrip Yagi antenna based on an LTE base station signal, which significantly improves performance through the integration of the reflector and the ground plate through structural optimization, has a sharper directivity, and the front-to-back ratio is >20 dB, effectively suppressing multipath interference, and the radiation efficiency is >85%. The integrated structure reduces the thickness and weight of the antenna, simplifies the process, and does not require assembly, which is suitable for lightweight scenarios such as vehicle-mounted and unmanned aerial vehicles, and enhances mechanical stability and high-frequency compatibility, realizing efficient and accurate detection in the field of low-altitude detection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application and the prior art, the drawings involved in the embodiment or prior art description will be briefly introduced below. The following drawings are only part of the embodiments of the application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art based on these drawings.
[0018] Figure 1 An overall structural diagram of one embodiment of the present application;
[0019] Figure 2 A top view of one embodiment of the present application;
[0020] Figure 3 A front view of one embodiment of the present application;
[0021] Figure 4 A bottom view of one embodiment of the present application;
[0022] Figure 5 A simulated scattering parameter diagram of the present application;
[0023] Figure 6 A simulated gain pattern of the present application;
[0024] Figure 7 A simulated three-dimensional far field gain diagram of the present application;
[0025] Figure 8 A simulated E-plane and H-plane pattern of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments of the present application.
[0027] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing the specific embodiments, and do not indicate or imply that the elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the example embodiments of the present application.
[0028] As shown in Figures 1-4 The present application provides a high-gain microstrip Yagi antenna based on an LTE base station signal, which at least includes: a dielectric substrate 3, the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 3 is provided with a dipole upper half arm 1, a dipole upper half arm 9, a director 2, a director 3, a director 4, a director 6, a director 7, a director 8, and a microstrip feed line 10; the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 3 is provided with a dipole lower half arm 13, a dipole lower half arm 15, a reflector 12, a reflector 14, and a microstrip feed line 16; the side surface of the dielectric substrate 3 is provided with a lumped excitation port 11;
[0029] In the present embodiment, the directors 2, 3, 4 and the directors 6, 7, 8 are symmetrically distributed around the center axis of the feed point.
[0030] Further, the dipole composed of the dipole upper half arm 1 and the dipole lower half arm 13 is mirror-symmetrical to the dipole composed of the dipole upper half arm 9 and the dipole lower half arm 15 along the longitudinal midline of the dielectric substrate.
[0031] Preferably, the size of the length 18 of the dielectric substrate 5 is 161.5 mm, the size of the width 17 is 182.375 mm, and the size of the thickness of the material is 0.503 mm.
[0032] Preferably, the material of the dielectric substrate 5 is Rogers RO5880, the relative permittivity ε of Rogers RO5880 is 2.2, and the loss tangent δ is 0.0009.
[0033] Preferably, the material of the dipole upper half arms 1, 9 and the dipole lower half arms 13, 15 is copper, the thickness of copper is 0.022 mm, the relative permittivity ε of copper is 1, and the loss tangent δ is 0.
[0034] Preferably, the material of the directors 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 is copper, the thickness of copper is 0.022 mm, the relative permittivity ε of copper is 1, and the loss tangent δ is 0.
[0035] Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the microstrip feed line 10 is located on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 5, in combination with the dipole upper half arms 1, 9. Figure 2
[0036] Further, the microstrip feed line 10 is combined with the Wilkinson power divider structure, and is mirror-symmetrical to the dipole composed of the dipole upper half arm 1 and the dipole lower half arm 13 along the longitudinal midline of the dielectric substrate.
[0037] Preferably, the size of the length 26 of the dipole upper half arm 1 is 25.5 mm, the size of the width 27 is 3 mm, the size of the length 28 is 25.5 mm, and the size of the width 30 is 2.5 mm.
[0038] Preferably, the material of the microstrip feed lines 10, 16 is copper, the relative permittivity ε of copper is 1, and the loss tangent δ is 0.
[0039] Preferably, the microstrip feed line 10 is divided into four parts, the size of the length 36 of the patch attached to the lower edge of the dielectric substrate 5 is 4.5 mm, the size of the width 34 is 14.5 mm, the size of the length 31 of the patch immediately above is 33 mm, the size of the width 35 is 2.75 mm, the size of the length 33 of the first patch on the left side is 20 mm, the size of the width 32 is 4.5 mm, the size of the length 32 of the patch above is 4.5 mm, and the size of the width 29 is 14.5 mm.
[0040] Preferably, the length 21 of the directors 2 and 8 is 48.6 mm and the width 24 is 2.2 mm; the length 20 of the directors 3 and 7 is 48 mm and the width 24 is 2.2 mm; and the length 19 of the directors 4 and 6 is 48 mm and the width 24 is 2.2 mm.
[0041] Preferably, the distance 25 between the director 2 and the upper half arm 1 of the dipole is 32mm, the distance 23 between the director 8 and the director 7 is 32mm, and the distance 22 between the director 7 and the director 6 is 32mm.
[0042] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the lumped excitation port 11 connects the microstrip feed lines 10 and 16, and a 50Ω feed line is used for power supply.
[0043] Preferably, the length of the lumped excitation port 11 is 4.5 mm and the height is 0.503 mm.
[0044] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown, reflectors 12 and 14 are connected to the lower half-arms 13 and 15 of the dipole, respectively, and are also connected to the microstrip feed line 16. The microstrip feed line 16 is obtained by symmetrical translation of the microstrip feed line 10.
[0045] Preferably, reflectors 12 and 14 are made of copper, with a relative permittivity ε=1 and a loss tangent δ=0. Their length 37 is 60mm and their width 38 is 7mm.
[0046] Specifically, the Wilkinson power divider structure is designed for microstrip feed lines 10 and 16 to achieve high-performance control of power distribution and combining. Traditional microstrip antenna feed networks typically employ simple parallel feeds or T-type power dividers, which suffer from low port isolation and poor phase consistency, leading to severe mutual coupling between array elements and increased sidelobe levels. The Wilkinson power divider, through isolation resistors and a symmetrical microstrip line design, improves the isolation between the two output ports (such as feed lines 10 and 16) to over 20 dB, while simultaneously achieving equal-amplitude and in-phase power distribution. Its equivalent circuit can be modeled as a multi-stage impedance transformation network. This structure significantly reduces electromagnetic coupling between array elements, reducing sidelobe levels to below -15 dB and increasing radiation efficiency to over 85%.
[0047] Further, the ground plate is used to replace the traditional reflector, the ground plate is used as a continuous metal layer, the forward radiation energy is enhanced and the backward scattering is suppressed through the mirror current effect, the front-back ratio (F / B Ratio) is improved to more than 20 dB, the planar integrated design eliminates the complex structure of the three-dimensional metal reflector, the thickness is reduced, the processing cost is reduced and consistency is ensured; meanwhile, the stable reference ground plane provided by the ground plate optimizes the impedance matching, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by 6 dB in combination with the electromagnetic coupling of the parasitic director.
[0048] Further, in order to achieve the effect of high gain, the upper half arms 1 and 9 of the dipole are connected with the microstrip feed line 10, the lower half arms 13 and 15 of the dipole are connected with the microstrip feed line 16 and the reflector 12 and 14, and together constitute a two-unit microstrip Yagi array structure. By suppressing the mutual coupling effect between the upper and lower arms, the side lobe level is suppressed to below -15 dB, the main lobe beam width is compressed to within 50°, and the gain is improved to 13.49 dBi. In combination with the mirror reflection effect of the ground plate, the front-back ratio (F / B Ratio) > 20 dB, which can effectively suppress the city multipath interference, and the detection distance is improved to 3-5 km (for an unmanned aerial vehicle with RCS=0.1 m²), and the false alarm rate is reduced by 40%.
[0049] Figure 5 The simulation scattering parameter diagram of the application is well matched in the LTE main frequency band of 2.52-2.55 GHz.
[0050] Figure 6 The simulation gain pattern of the application.
[0051] Figure 7 The simulation three-dimensional far field gain diagram of the application, the maximum gain reaches 13.49 dB.
[0052] Figure 8 The simulation E-plane and H-plane pattern of the application.
[0053] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
[0054] (1) The high-gain microstrip Yagi antenna based on the LTE base station signal of the application adopts a Wilkinson power divider feeding design, which significantly improves the radiation performance of the antenna, and the maximum gain is 13.49 dB. The design realizes high-efficiency radiation and sharp directional beam through the synergistic effect of optimizing the feeding network and the radiation unit while maintaining a compact structure, which can effectively capture the weak scattering signals of low-altitude aircraft and provide a high-sensitivity front-end receiving solution for passive radar systems.
[0055] (2) The high-gain microstrip Yagi antenna based on LTE base station signal of the application adopts Wilkinson power divider feeding design two-unit microstrip Yagi antenna array, realizes equal amplitude and in-phase distribution of two-way signal through symmetrical layout, ensures strict coherent superposition of array beam, and phase error is less than 5°. Meanwhile, the multi-stage impedance transformation structure optimizes the antenna input impedance matching, significantly reduces the influence of external interference such as temperature and vibration on performance, and is suitable for mobile detection scenes such as vehicle-mounted and unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted.
[0056] (3) The high-gain microstrip Yagi antenna based on LTE base station signal of the application significantly improves performance through the integration design of reflector and ground plate, is more sharp in directivity, and the front-back ratio is greater than 20 dB, effectively suppresses multipath interference, and the radiation efficiency is more than 85%. The integrated structure reduces the thickness and weight of the antenna, simplifies the process and does not need to be assembled, is suitable for lightweight scenes such as vehicle-mounted and unmanned aerial vehicle, enhances mechanical stability and high-frequency compatibility, and realizes efficient and accurate detection in the field of low-altitude detection.
[0057] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the application, and is not a limitation of the application. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the application is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the application can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the application. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting, the scope of the application is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and therefore all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the application. Any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims.
Claims
1. A high-gain microstrip Yagi antenna based on LTE base station signals, characterized in that, The microstrip Yagi antenna includes at least: a dielectric substrate, a director, a reflector, an active radiating element, and a microstrip feed line. The director is located at the top of the dielectric substrate, the reflector is located at the bottom of the dielectric substrate, and the active radiating element is located at the bottom and top of the dielectric substrate. The upper arm is connected to the microstrip feed line, and the lower arm is connected to the reflector and the microstrip feed line. The microstrip feed line is located at the top and bottom of the dielectric substrate.
2. The high-gain microstrip Yagi antenna based on LTE base station signals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active radiating oscillator is a dipole, and the director is a three-unit patch type.
3. A high-gain microstrip Yagi antenna based on LTE base station signals according to claim 1, characterized in that, A two-element microstrip Yagi antenna array structure is realized by using a Wilkinson power divider feeding structure.
4. A high-gain microstrip Yagi antenna based on LTE base station signals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper and lower arms of the active radiating oscillator are each combined with a Wilkinson power divider feed structure.
5. A high-gain microstrip Yagi antenna based on LTE base station signals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower arm of the active radiating oscillator is connected to a metal reflector, and the reflector is replaced by a metal ground plane.
6. A high-gain microstrip Yagi antenna based on LTE base station signals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating frequency can cover the main LTE frequency bands of 2.52-2.55GHz.