High-performance circular polarization in a compact antenna design

Abstract

The present application describes and discloses a High-Performance Circular Polarization Compact Antenna Design, in particular a new design and arrangement for a patch antenna. The proposed patch antenna comprises a dielectric substrate layer sheet with two sides; a ground plane covering a first side of the dielectric substrate layer; and a patch layer covering a substantial part of a second side of the dielectric substrate layer, opposed to the first side; characterized by patch layer comprising circular features.

Description

High-Performance Circular Polarization in a Compact Antenna Design

[0001] The present application describes and discloses a High-Performance Circular Polarization Compact Antenna Design, in particular a new design and arrangement for a patch antenna

[0002] The importance of antenna design for satellite communications, of which positioning via Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is part of, is evident by the numerous patents and publications available on the design, fabrication and implementation of these antennas.

[0003] Planar antennas present a high integration potential for vehicles or electronic devices, given their shape. However, designs of these antennas come with a balancing between features. Volume miniaturization of these planar antennas, for example, comes at the cost of efficiency and directivity. Additionally, achieving good circular polarization with adequate bandwidth usually requires complex designs and feeding structures, such as dual feeds that require either feed lines with different lengths or components capable of phase-shifting the signal between the feed lines.

[0004] In the case of satellite communication antennas, such as GNSS, they are usually Circular Polarized (CP), being able to inherently mitigate multi-path interference. Different types of CP antennas can be implemented in these satellite communication systems, like slot antennas, cross dipole antennas and patch antennas. Cross dipole and slot antennas are able to produce wider bandwidth and gain, since, for unidirectional Right Hand Circular Polarization (RHCP) pattern, they use a reflector surface or back cavity.

[0005] Miniaturization techniques for these antennas can be both for reducing the design area with strategies like folding and rotating the cross-dipole arms or using meander lines / corrugated designs and arrow heads and for reducing the height profile with Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) surfaces. Whether it is after design area or height profile miniaturization, or both, these antenna styles are harder and cost more to manufacture, have larger footprints and generally weight due to the need of a larger reflector surface for unidirectional pattern and higher gain. Nonetheless, relative wide impedance and Axial Ratio (AR) bandwidth are expected.

[0006] In some disclosed technologies it is implemented a miniaturized cross dipole design using meander lines and arrowheads alongside an AMC structure for low profile. Even though the dipole arms were miniaturized and wide impedance and AR bandwidth values of, respectively, 18.8% and 10.9% obtained, the overall dimensions of the antenna were 0.71λ0x 0.71λ0, which are considerably large.

[0007] On a similar note, some slot antennas were miniaturized with an inverted T strip inside the slot and no reflector surface was used. Inherent wide bandwidths are reached but, although the overall size is 0.34λ0x 0.34λ0, the antenna has a peak gain of 4.0 dBi and bidirectional radiation pattern.

[0008] If advantages like low profile, light weight, versatility / conformable structure, ease and cheaper fabrication, together with a narrow bandwidth and slight less gain, are allowed, CP patch antennas are the best choice. These types of antennas can be miniaturized in many different ways, such as employing high dielectric constant substrates, introducing slits or slots, used only for size reduction, or also for realizing CP radiation and adding parasitic elements, shorted or not, inside or outside the patch design for capacitive and inductive loading. Usually, with these techniques, CP patch antennas can be miniaturized to a very small design size. Although this is true, in most cases, such miniaturization leads to very low gain and bandwidth, so these antennas need a much bigger ground plane to perform as stated in the literature. As a result, there is a significant disparity in the size of the patch and overall antenna.

[0009] Other linear polarized patch antennas with high dielectric constant substrate, have patch and antenna dimensions of 0.09λ0x 0.09λ0and 0.43λ0x 0.43λ0, respectively, with small gain of 2.8 dBi. In other antennas, although a gain of 4.6 dBi is reached, using slits and tails for CP radiation, the patch and overall dimensions are, respectively, 0.21λ0x 0.21λ0and 0.37λ0x 0.37λ0and impedance and Axial ratio bandwidth of 1.61% and 0.381%, respectively.

[0010] In other embodiments, by using parasitic meander strips inside slots in the patch, size of 0.091λ0x 0.091λ0is achieved but a ground plane with dimensions 0.53λ0x 0.53λ0to obtain a 3 dBi gain and 0.89% and 0.2% of impedance and AR bandwidth.

[0011] The proposed antennas in this document, disclose a thin and small clover design CP patch antenna with no big discrepancy between the patch and overall size, respectively, 0.32λ0x 0.32λ0and 0.34λ0x 0.34λ0x 0.016λ0at 1.575 GHz. This antenna is capable of achieving 3.35% and 0.81% (52.7MHz 12.8 MHz) of, respectively impedance and AR bandwidth, and 5.1 dBic RHCP gain with a cross polarization rejection, at the boresight, of nearly 25 dB. Besides these values, the antenna, being a GPS L1 band antenna, is also designed to attain great AR beamwidth values, 168.7º at phi = 0 and 165.6º at phi = 90. These values ensure good RHCP signal coverage for a wide angular range, above the indicated cut-off angle (70º).

[0012] Patent US 8,094,075 B2, published in Jan. 10, 2012 and entitled “Circular Polarization Antenna Structure With A Dual-Layer Ceramic And Method For Manufacturing The Same” presents a patch antenna for SDARS (Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service) that is composed of two stacked patches fed by a single coaxial line. The resonance between the top and bottom ceramics is used to enhance the bandwidth of the antenna.

[0013] Patent US 8,102,330 B1, published Jan. 24, 2012 and entitled “Dual Band Circularly Polarized Feed” presents a dual band patch antenna with circular polarization. To achieve circular polarization, quadrature hybrid networks are used as part of the feed lines, increasing the overall antenna size and complexity, as it required two coaxial feeds per frequency band.

[0014] Patent US 8,466,838 B2, published Jun. 18, 2013 and entitled “Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennas” presents a patch antenna that achieves circular polarization and high gain resorting to careful design of the patch geometry. However, dual feed is required.

[0015] The present invention describes a patch antenna comprising a dielectric substrate layer sheet with two sides; a ground plane covering a first side of the dielectric substrate layer; and a patch layer covering a substantial part of a second side of the dielectric substrate layer, opposed to the first side; characterized by patch layer comprising circular features.

[0016] In a proposed embodiment of present invention, the patch layer comprises a first central position for dimensional reference of the circular features.

[0017] Yet in another proposed embodiment of present invention, the patch layer comprises a Rc distance radius which forms an imaginary center circle, wherein from an edge of the center circle, and every 90 degrees of rotation of the said center circle, secondary circumferences are protruded with regard to the center circle.

[0018] Yet in another proposed embodiment of present invention, the secondary circumferences are obtained by means of a set of secondary central positions laid over the edge of the center circle, each of the secondary central positions being 90 degrees apart, and the secondary circumferences being obtained with a Rpetals distance radius approximately 10% to 20% smaller than Rc distance radius.

[0019] Yet in another proposed embodiment of present invention, the secondary circumferences comprise an inner space, which combined with an inner space defined by the center circle outline the circular features of the patch layer.

[0020] Yet in another proposed embodiment of present invention, each of the secondary circumferences, comprise a first cutout and / or a second cutout, the first cutout comprises a circular cutout on each opposed secondary circumference and the second cutout comprising a circular cutout on each opposed secondary circumference rotated from the first cutout by 90 degrees.

[0021] Yet in another proposed embodiment of present invention, each first cutout comprises a Rbig distance radius, and each circular second cutout comprises a Rsmall distance radius.

[0022] Yet in another proposed embodiment of present invention, the center of each of the first cutouts and the center of each the second cutouts is defined by a Roffset distance which comprises a distance which is 55% to 65% of the Rpetals distance radius to the edge of the secondary circumferences.

[0023] Yet in another proposed embodiment of present invention, the Rsmall distance radius is 20% to 30% smaller than the Rbig distance radius, and 70% to 80% smaller than the Rc distance radius.

[0024] Yet in another proposed embodiment of present invention, the patch layer comprises a patch connection point where a signal pin of a coaxial feed is connected, said connection point being located at a feed distance from the first central position of the patch layout which is 40% to 50% smaller than the Rc distance radius, and is aligned within a medium angle with regard to the angle performed between the center position of a first cutout and a second cutout.

[0025] Yet in another proposed embodiment of present invention, the ground plane connection point central position is aligned with the central position of the dielectric substrate through cutout and with the central position of the patch connection point.

[0026] Yet in another proposed embodiment of present invention, the patch layer comprises an overall patch layer width and an overall patch layer height, said dimensions being equal or different according to tunning requirements of the antenna; or the dielectric substrate comprises an overall dielectric substrate width and an overall dielectric substrate height, said dimensions being equal or different according to the tunning requirements of the antenna, which is also defined by the thickness of the substrate; or the ground plane comprises an overall ground plane width and overall ground plane height, said dimensions being equal or different according to tunning requirements of the antenna.

[0027] The present invention discloses a new approach design and arrangement for a patch antenna.

[0028] Patch antennas are a type of radio antennas usually with a flat, rectangular shape, typically consisting of a flat metallic patch mounted over a larger metallic ground plane. It is one of the most commonly used antennas in wireless communication systems, widely used in devices where space is limited because they can be integrated into flat surfaces like circuit boards, particularly in applications like GPS, Wi-Fi, mobile phones, and satellite communications.

[0029] In their structure, patch antennas use an element named patch, which is the radiating element, usually a metal sheet, and which is placed on a dielectric substrate, mounted over a ground plane. The ground plane usually is a large metallic surface below the substrate that defines, along with the patch element, the boundary for the electromagnetic waves inside the substrate, thus helping shape the radiation pattern.

[0030] The patch antenna is designed to radiate electromagnetic waves, primarily in a preferred direction, which makes it a directional antenna. The polarization of the emitted wave is typically linear, but it can also be designed for circular polarization.

[0031] The size of a standard resonating patch antenna is usually about half the wavelength of the operating frequency, making it relatively compact compared to other types of antennas.

[0032] Although they are usually known by their Low Profile (flat and can be easily mounted on surfaces), Ease of Fabrication (printed on circuit boards, making them cost-effective), and Directional Radiation (useful for applications where the signal needs to be concentrated in a specific direction), they still fail in some technical fields by providing a Narrow Bandwidth (limiting their performance in some applications) and Lower Gain (when compared to other directional antennas).

[0033] With the advancement of autonomy in the automotive industry, the capability to accurately determine the location of a vehicle becomes increasingly vital.

[0034] In order to attain greater levels of autonomy, the position provided by the position engine should reach centimetre level accuracies. This requirement requires enhanced precision from all components of the GNSS system, including the antenna, receiver algorithms, and correction services employed to augment GNSS accuracy.

[0035] GNSS antennas are usually overlooked, and their performance metrics are not representative for all directions of interest. A variety of metrics can be designated for antennas, with bandwidth, axial ratio, phase centre and phase centre variation being the most significant for GNSS applications.

[0036] Antennas are capable of capturing only a particular range of frequencies. The bandwidth should possess the dual benefit of being sufficiently low to filter out-of-band signals while remaining sufficiently high to allow the receiver to track the desired GNSS signals. The axial ratio provides a measure of the antenna’s affinity for circular polarization. Given that the signals transmitted by the satellites exhibit Right-Handed Circular Polarisation (RHCP), having axial ratio (AR) below 3 dB is significant for GNSS. This parameter is typically not specified or guaranteed over the required directions specified for some desired applications. As a result, it conceals the fact that it is frequently inferior than specified, resulting in an unsatisfactory output. While not necessarily aligning with the physical centre of the antenna, the phase centre is a virtual position that indicates where the signal is received by the antennas. As opposed to calculating the position of the receiver itself, the position of the phase centre is obtained when the position solution is computed. In order to transfer the position solution to the body frame of the automobile, it is necessary to specify precisely the antenna phase centre. Low phase centre variations are required in order to attain greater levels of positional precision.

[0037] When comparing the designs of GNSS antennas, key factors are the RHCP, cost, bandwidth, height, and phase centre variation.

[0038] Table 1 - Common GNSS antenna designs and their characteristics

[0039] Despite lacking optimal overall performance, patch antennas remain the most widely utilised due to their low profile, ability to conform to both planar and nonplanar surfaces, and straightforward and cost-effective fabrication through the utilisation of modern printed-circuit technology.

[0040] Major operational disadvantages of patch antennas are their low efficiency, poor polarization purity, poor scan performance, spurious feed radiation and very narrow frequency bandwidth.

[0041] The herein disclosed and proposed patch design enables to tackle most of the drawbacks of the mentioned prior art.

[0042] The main advantages achieved by the new patch design are:

[0043] - Improved axial ratio in mostly all directions, enhancing the reception of signals with circular polarization (e.g. GNSS signals).

[0044] - Improved phase center variation, increasing the overall accuracy of the position evaluated by the receiver. Thus, if the phase center does not vary substantially, the receiver will solely reflect position errors originating from other sources.

[0045] - Improved RHCP and cross-polarization rejection characteristics which should increase the mitigation of multipath signals. Satellite signals possess RHCP characteristics, but when reflected off buildings, the polarization changes to LHCP (Left-Hand Circular Polarization). With good cross-polarization rejection, LHCP signals that degrade the position solution are mitigated at the antenna level.

[0046] - Simple feeding as the antenna is fed by a single coaxial feed, rather than dual coaxial feeds with additional components required for circular polarization, such as hybrid couplers.

[0047] - Ease of adaptation for other frequency bands via a direct scaling of the design dimensions and minor adjustments for fine tuning.

[0048] - Simple and cheap fabrication through standard PCB (Printed Circuit Board) processes, as the antenna is not sensitive to standard fabrication tolerances.

[0049] For better understanding of the present application, figures representing preferred embodiments are herein attached which, however, are not intended to limit the technique disclosed herein.Fig.1

[0050] depicts a proposed arrangement of the herein disclosed feed layout of a patch antenna.Fig.2

[0051] depicts the overall arrangement of the patch antenna comprised of several layers.

[0052] With reference to the figures, some embodiments are now described in more detail, which are however not intended to limit the scope of the present application.

[0053] The present invention discloses a High-Performance Circular Polarization Compact Antenna Design, in particular a new design and arrangement for a patch antenna (100). In a proposed embodiment, it is disclosed a planar antenna for vehicles and / or electronic devices where it may fit.

[0054] The improved performance of the currently disclosed antenna (100) arrangement is achieved through an innovative patch layer (10) design. The developed and proposed design for the patch layer (10) enables to receive Circularly Polarized (CP) signals over greater bandwidths when compared with conventional known patch designs that solely achieve CP characteristics by cutting the vertices of two opposing corners.

[0055] The currently disclosed patch layout (10) design also allows to obtain a better phase center stability.

[0056] The resulting antenna layout (100) is simple to manufacture, and comprises no vias other than the signal feed or small tolerances and is single-fed.

[0057] The patch layout (10) of the antenna (100) comprises four smaller circles (10.3; 10.4), which are mostly circular cutouts in the patch trace layout (10), positioned such that their centers lie on a circumference edge with a diameter larger than the center circle (10.5), facing each other. Inside the circles (10.3; 10.4) there are four circular slots / cutouts of two different sizes for the two pairs facing each other. The asymmetry of this layout is responsible for the circular polarized radiation since it promotes the creation of two degenerate orthogonal modes at the same frequency.

[0058] The combination of the proposed slots / cutouts and the circles, forming a petal design, imposes a change of path for the current in the patch (10), when comparing to a simple 0.5 λ0patch antenna, thus decreasing the size for the same frequency. The circular geometry and overall symmetry of the patch (10) helps achieving the good AR (Axial Ratio) beamwidth values.

[0059] Enhanced CP (Circular Polarization) qualifies this configuration for applications requiring a low profile and effective reception of CP signals. The enhanced phase center stability makes it well-suited for positioning systems that necessitate high of accuracy.

[0060] The improved performance is achieved with a single-feed design, as opposed to current dual-feed designs that require additional components (such as 90º hybrids) and increase the system’s cost and complexity.

[0061] Consequently, the proposed antenna (100) layout is a low cost and low complexity solution with improved performance metrics suitable, for example, to satellite communication systems.

[0062] The preferred embodiment structure of the patch antenna (10) is a GNSS patch antenna design for the L1 / E1 frequency.

[0063] It is composed by four components like suggested in:

[0064] - a patch (10) - a metallic layer on top of the substrate;

[0065] - a substrate (20) a dielectric material;

[0066] - a ground plane (30) - a second metallic layer on the opposite side of the substrate, and

[0067] - a coaxial feed (40).

[0068] The proposed patch (10) layout comprises an unusual shape that is similar to a four-leaf clover that allows it to achieve better performance than existing commercial patches, while decreasing the size of the needed ground plane (40).

[0069] The proposed antenna (100) is designed with circular features to improve circular polarization characteristics, such as the axial ratio bandwidth and beamwidth.

[0070] The feed’s connection (10.2) position, along with the circle cutouts (10.3; 10.4) in the patch, induce circular polarization.

[0071] The ground plane layer (30) is a simple metal layer that covers the whole face of the substrate layer (20), and which is positioned opposite to the patch layer (10), except for a small cutout for the coaxial feed (40).

[0072] The coaxial feed (40) is known state of the art comprised of a ground connection on one of its outer layers and, a signal pin in the inner layer of the coaxial structure. The ground connection of the coaxial feed (40) is soldered onto the ground plane layer (30), and the signal wire is inserted into the substrate through a drilled cutout (20.2) until it reaches and connects (10.2) the patch layer (10).

[0073] Alternative embodiments include:

[0074] - resized features to match the antenna’s operation to other frequencies;

[0075] - repositioned coaxial feed for impedance matching or LHCP characteristics;

[0076] - other substrates;

[0077] - feeding via strip line, microstrip, aperture coupling, proximity feed, or others.

[0078] Alternative embodiments can also include a different number of “leaves” or cutout structures.

[0079] Specifically regarding dimensioning for other frequency bands than the one presented for the GNSS purpose, it requires scaling of the overall dimension of the antenna’s (100) features, namely the diameter of the circles and the metallic structure (2; 10.7). Their positions and diameters may then need to be adjusted via simulation software to tune the performance of the antenna (100), along with the feed’s (40) position for impedance adaptation as well as CP sense. By using a different substrate (20) with different dielectric constant, width / height dimensions (20.11; 20.12) and thickness (20.13), both central frequency and bandwidth can be adjusted.

[0080] In a proposed embodiment, the ground plane connection point (30.2) central position is aligned with the central position of the dielectric substrate through cutout (20.2) and with the central position of the patch connection point (10.2). In a proposed embodiment of the antenna (100), the patch layer (10) comprises a layout arrangement disclosed on, the dielectric substrate (20) comprises a square or rectangular shaped format, or other technically adequate for the final purpose of the antenna (100), on which, on one side of said substrate (20) the patch layer (10) is laid, and the ground plane (30) is laid on the opposite side of the substrate (20) covering all of its surface.

[0081] Both the patch layer (10) and the ground plane (30) comprise printed circuit board state of the art know material like copper or silver in the laid traces, or other technically adequate for the final purpose of the antenna (100). The same occurs with the type of material used in the dielectric substrate (20).

[0082] In a proposed embodiment, the patch layer (10) trace layout of the patch antenna (100) comprises a shape similar to a four-leaf clover. The patch layer (10) comprises a first central position (10.1) which serves as a reference for the dimensional drawing of the trace layout.

[0083] In a preferred embodiment, supported by the illustration of, the patch layer (10) comprises a Rc distance (2) radius which forms an imaginary center circle (10.5). From the edge of the center circle (10.5), and every 90 degrees of rotation of the center circle (10.5), secondary circumferences (10.7) are protruded, on the same layer, with regard to the center circle (10.5). To note that all this layout design occurs over the same layer, i.e., these drawings illustrate the design and implementation of the patch layer (10) over the dielectric substrate (20). These secondary circumferences (10.7), in some way with its interior area overlapped by the area defined by the center circle (10.5), are obtained by means of a set of secondary central positions (10.6), which define the center position of the secondary circumferences (10.7), and which are laid over the edge of the center circle (10.5), each of the secondary central positions (10.6) being 90 degrees apart, and being the secondary circumferences (10.7) obtained with a Rpetals distance (3) radius, which is, in a preferred embodiment, approximately 10% to 20% smaller than Rc distance (2) radius. These secondary circumferences (10.7), similar to petals of the four-leaf clover exemplifying design, along with the inner space defined by them and the inner space of the center circle (10.5) outline the main layer layout structure of the patch layer (10). Each of the secondary circumferences (10.7) will comprise a first cutout (10.3) or a second cutout (10.4). In a preferred embodiment, the first cutout (10.3) comprises a circular cutout on each opposed secondary circumference (10.7) and the second cutout (10.4) comprises a circular cutout on each opposed secondary circumference (10.7) rotated from the first cutout (10.3) by 90 degrees. Each circular first cutout (10.3) comprises a Rbig distance (4) radius, and each circular second cutout (10.4) comprises a Rsmall distance (5) radius. In a preferred embodiment, the center of each of the first cutouts (10.3) and the center of each the second cutouts (10.4), i.e., the Roffset distance (6), is positioned at distance which is 55% to 65% of the Rpetals distance (3) radius to the edge of the secondary circumferences (10.7). In a preferred embodiment, Rsmall distance (5) radius is 20% to 30% smaller than the Rbig distance (4) radius, and 70% to 80% smaller than the Rc distance (2) radius. In another preferred embodiment, the patch layer (10) comprises a patch connection point (10.2) where a signal pin of a coaxial feed (40) will be connected. In a preferred embodiment the patch connection point (10.2) is located at a feed distance (1) from the first central position of the patch layout (10.1) which is 40% to 50% smaller than the Rc distance (2) radius and is aligned within a medium angle with regard to the angle between the center position of a first cutout (10.3) and a second cutout (10.4).

[0084] In a preferred embodiment, the patch layer (10) comprises an overall patch layer width (10.11) and an overall patch layer height (10.12), said dimensions being equal or different according to the tunning requirements of the designed antenna (100).

[0085] In a preferred embodiment, supported by the illustration of, the dielectric substrate (20) comprises an overall dielectric substrate width (20.11), an overall dielectric substrate height (20.12) and a dielectric substrate thickness (20.13), said dimensions being equal or different according to the tunning requirements of the designed antenna (100), which is also defined by the thickness (20.13) of the substrate (20). The ground plane (30) comprises an overall ground plane width (30.11) and overall ground plane height (30.12), said dimensions being equal or different according to the tunning requirements of the designed antenna (100).

[0086] Patch antennas find many applications in wireless communication systems, including technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and RFID. Furthermore, patch antennas facilitate the transmission and reception of signals from satellites, as well as the detection and tracking of objects, such as radar systems and satellite communication. In addition to consumer electronics, automotive applications, medical devices, and Internet of Things devices employ them for wireless communication, navigation, and connectivity. Patch antennas are of the utmost importance in numerous present technologies and systems due to their low profile and versatility. Consequently, this configuration can function independently as an antenna or serve as the foundation for antenna clusters or arrays that rely on reception and / or transmission of CP signals.

[0087] Any product aiming to receive and / or transmit CP signals is able to use this technology and / or arrangement.

[0088] 1 – feed distance;

[0089] 2 – Rc distance;

[0090] 3 – Rpetals distance (radius);

[0091] 4 – Rbig distance;

[0092] 5 – Rsmall distance

[0093] 6 — Roffset distance;

[0094] 10 – patch layer;

[0095] 10.1 – first central position of the patch layout;

[0096] 10.2 – patch connection point;

[0097] 10.3 – set of first cutouts;

[0098] 10.4 – set of second cutouts;

[0099] 10.5 – center circle;

[0100] 10.6 – secondary central position of the patch layout;

[0101] 10.7 – secondary circumferences / petals;

[0102] 10.11 – overall patch layer width;

[0103] 10.12 – overall patch layer height;

[0104] 20 – dielectric substrate;

[0105] 20.2 – dielectric substrate through cutout;

[0106] 20.11 – overall dielectric substrate width;

[0107] 20.12 – overall dielectric substrate height;

[0108] 20.13 – dielectric substrate thickness;

[0109] 30 – ground plane;

[0110] 30.2 – ground plane connection point;

[0111] 30.11 – overall ground plane width;

[0112] 30.12 – overall ground plane height;

[0113] 40 – coaxial feed;

[0114] 100 – patch antenna.

Claims

Patch antenna (100) comprising a dielectric substrate layer (20) sheet with two sides; a ground plane (30) covering a first side of the dielectric substrate layer (20); and a patch layer (10) covering a substantial part of a second side of the dielectric substrate layer (20), opposed to the first side; characterized by patch layer (10) comprising circular features.Patch antenna (100) according to any of the previous claims, characterized by the patch layer (10) comprising a first central position (10.1) for dimensional reference of the circular features.Patch antenna (100) according to any of the previous claims, characterized by the patch layer (10) comprising a Rc distance (2) radius which forms an imaginary center circle (10.5), wherein from an edge of the center circle (10.5), and every 90 degrees of rotation of the said center circle (10.5), secondary circumferences (10.7) are protruded with regard to the center circle (10.5).Patch antenna (100) according to any of the previous claims, characterized by the secondary circumferences (10.7) being obtained by means of a set of secondary central positions (10.6) laid over the edge of the center circle (10.5), each of the secondary central positions (10.6) being 90 degrees apart, and the secondary circumferences (10.7) being obtained with a Rpetals distance (3) radius approximately 10% to 20% smaller than Rc distance (2) radius.Patch antenna (100) according to any of the previous claims, characterized by the secondary circumferences (10.7) comprising an inner space, which combined with an inner space defined by the center circle (10.5,) outline the circular features of the patch layer (10).Patch antenna (100) according to any of the previous claims, characterized by each of the secondary circumferences (10.7), comprising a first cutout (10.3) and / or a second cutout (10.4), the first cutout (10.3) comprising a circular cutout on each opposed secondary circumference (10.7) and the second cutout (10.4) comprising a circular cutout on each opposed secondary circumference (10.7) rotated from the first cutout (10.3) by 90 degrees.Patch antenna (100) according to any of the previous claims, characterized by each first cutout (10.3) comprising a Rbig distance (4) radius, and each circular second cutout (10.4) comprising a Rsmall distance (5) radius.Patch antenna (100) according to any of the previous claims, characterized by the center of each of the first cutouts (10.3) and the center of each the second cutouts (10.4) being defined by a Roffset distance (6) which comprises a distance which is 55% to 65% of the Rpetals distance (3) radius to the edge of the secondary circumferences (10.7).Patch antenna (100) according to any of the previous claims, characterized by the Rsmall distance (5) radius being 20% to 30% smaller than the Rbig distance (4) radius, and 70% to 80% smaller than the Rc distance (2) radius.Patch antenna (100) according to any of the previous claims, characterized by the patch layer (10) comprising a patch connection point (10.2) where a signal pin of a coaxial feed (40) is connected, said connection point (10.2) being located at a feed distance (1) from the first central position of the patch layout (10.1) which is 40% to 50% smaller than the Rc distance (2) radius, and is aligned within a medium angle with regard to the angle performed between the center position of a first cutout (10.3) and a second cutout (10.4).Patch antenna (100) according to any of the previous claims, characterized by the ground plane connection point (30.2) central position being aligned with the central position of the dielectric substrate through cutout (20.2) and with the central position of the patch connection point (10.2).Patch antenna (100) according to any of the previous claims, characterized by the patch layer (10) comprising an overall patch layer width (10.11) and an overall patch layer height (10.12), said dimensions being equal or different according to tunning requirements of the antenna (100); or the dielectric substrate (20) comprising an overall dielectric substrate width (20.11) and an overall dielectric substrate height (20.12), said dimensions being equal or different according to the tunning requirements of the antenna (100), which is also defined by the thickness (20.13) of the substrate (20); or the ground plane (30) comprising an overall ground plane width (30.11) and overall ground plane height (30.12), said dimensions being equal or different according to tunning requirements of the antenna (100).

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