Fabricated slope protection side wall of rock-fill dam
By using prefabricated standard blocks for assembled slope protection walls and monitoring with grating displacement sensors, the complexity and low efficiency of upstream slope protection construction for concrete-faced rockfill dams were solved, achieving efficient and safe construction results.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA COMM 2ND NAVIGATIONAL BUREAU 2ND ENG
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-17
AI Technical Summary
The construction process for the upstream slope protection of existing concrete-faced rockfill dams is complex, making it difficult to control the flatness and density of the slope, resulting in low water pressure resistance, limited construction progress, easy damage to extrusion equipment, and low production efficiency.
The prefabricated slope protection wall design adopts an isosceles trapezoidal structure with upper and lower mating grooves and mortise and tenon joints. Combined with the monitoring of grating displacement sensors, there are gaps and movement space between the standard blocks, reducing deformation constraints. Efficient construction is achieved through mechanized rapid assembly and compaction.
It improved construction efficiency, shortened the construction period, enhanced water pressure resistance, ensured the flatness and density of the slope, reduced equipment wear and tear, adapted to temperature deformation, and improved construction safety and quality.
Smart Images
Figure CN224133655U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of water conservancy engineering. More specifically, this utility model relates to a prefabricated slope protection wall for rockfill dams. Background Technology
[0002] In water conservancy projects, the traditional techniques and processes for upstream slope protection construction during the construction phase of concrete-faced rockfill dams involve steps such as overfilling the cushion layer, removing loose material from the slope surface, slope trimming, compaction, and protection. These processes are complex, significantly interfere with dam body filling, and make it difficult to control slope smoothness and edge compaction, resulting in low water pressure resistance and impacting project quality and flood control progress. Currently, the most widely used upstream slope protection construction technique is extrusion-type concrete sidewall construction, a new construction process for concrete-faced rockfill dams. The extruder uses an internal spiral auger to continuously extrude concrete and other materials, forming a sidewall with a certain strength and shape. As the concrete compaction increases, the reaction force propels the machine forward, continuously forming the designed cross-sectional shape of the concrete sidewall at the rear.
[0003] In the conventional extrusion sidewall construction process, an extrusion press is required. The extrusion press's auger has relatively low wear resistance, necessitating auger repair and adjustment of the roller angle after each layer of extruded concrete sidewall is completed. Because the extrusion press travels at a relatively uniform speed, manual labor must coordinate with the machinery to unload the material evenly and prevent clogging of the roller chamber. Furthermore, a 2-3 hour waiting period is required after the extruded sidewall is formed before the bedding material can be filled, which can easily limit the construction progress. Additionally, the concrete easily forms cementitious lumps against the extrusion press roller chamber walls, reducing production efficiency. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a prefabricated slope protection wall for rockfill dams. The standard blocks of the wall adopt an assembly slot design, which ensures high flatness of the upstream slope. The standard blocks of the upper and lower walls are staggered and connected to each other by mortise and tenon joints of prefabricated components. There are gaps and movement space between the standard blocks, which can be used for water permeability and temperature deformation, thereby reducing the constraint effect of the wall on the deformation of the panel.
[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve this technical problem is: to provide a prefabricated slope protection sidewall for rockfill dams, including multiple prefabricated sidewall standard blocks. The main cross-section of the prefabricated sidewall standard block is an isosceles trapezoid, wherein the inclined surface where the long waist is located is the upstream surface, and the inclined surface where the short waist is located is the back surface.
[0006] The upper and lower surfaces of the prefabricated sidewall standard block are respectively provided with an upper mating groove and a lower mating groove. The middle of the two sides of the prefabricated sidewall standard block is provided with a tenon structure on one side and a mortise structure on the other side. The tenon structure and the mortise structure are adapted to be inserted to realize the lateral connection of adjacent prefabricated sidewall standard blocks. The adjacent upper and lower prefabricated sidewall standard blocks are staggered and longitudinally connected by adapting the upper and lower mating grooves.
[0007] The back of the precast sidewall standard block is closely attached to the cushion material, which is then filled in layers behind the sidewall.
[0008] Preferably, in the prefabricated slope protection wall of the rockfill dam, the upper mating groove surface, the lower mating groove surface, the tenon structure, and the mortise structure are all provided with through holes, and the through holes are used to insert grating displacement sensors.
[0009] Preferably, the prefabricated slope protection wall of the rockfill dam is provided with grating displacement sensors that extend longitudinally along the wall through the upper and lower docking grooves, and the through hole axis of the upper and lower docking grooves is parallel to the upstream surface of the wall.
[0010] The optical grating displacement sensor, which is inserted through the side tenon and mortise structure, extends laterally along the side wall, and the through hole axis of the tenon and mortise structure is perpendicular to the side wall.
[0011] Among them, the deployment paths of the two types of grating displacement sensors do not intersect in three-dimensional space.
[0012] Preferably, in the prefabricated slope protection wall of the rockfill dam, the two ends of the grating displacement sensor are respectively anchored to the tenon structure and the mortise structure of the prefabricated standard block at the end of the wall, or respectively anchored to the upper docking groove surface and the lower docking groove surface.
[0013] Preferably, in the prefabricated slope protection wall of the rockfill dam, a displacement settlement sensor is embedded in the cushion material.
[0014] Preferably, in the prefabricated slope protection wall of the rockfill dam, the slope ratio of the upstream face of the prefabricated standard wall block is 1:1.4, and the slope ratio of the back face is 1:0.125.
[0015] Preferably, in the prefabricated slope protection wall of the rockfill dam, the cross-sections of the upper and lower connecting grooves are both rectangular, and the groove height and width are both 5cm.
[0016] Preferably, in the prefabricated slope protection wall of the rockfill dam, the width of the tenon structure and the mortise structure are both 10cm and the depth is both 5cm.
[0017] This utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:
[0018] 1. No need to use an extrusion wall machine; prefabricated standard blocks for precast side walls are poured in batches in advance. Compared with extrusion wall machines, it has lower requirements for concrete mix proportions, does not require the addition of quick-setting agents, and ensures more uniform and reliable side wall quality.
[0019] 2. It can achieve simultaneous assembly, material laying, and compaction, with cross-operation between various processes. It is not limited by the age and strength of the sidewall concrete. Compared with current technology, it improves construction efficiency, shortens the construction period, and reduces the workload and cost of filling the upstream slope protection part of the dam.
[0020] 3. It can improve the slope's resistance to floods during the flood season. The prefabricated sidewall standard blocks have strong water pressure resistance, similar to riprap protection on the slope, which is conducive to the safety of dam filling construction during the flood season.
[0021] 4. The standard blocks of the side wall adopt an assembly slot design, which ensures high flatness of the upstream slope. During the rolling process, the strength of the precast side wall is already the design strength of 28d thickness, making the rolling equipment roll more freely and ensuring the density of the subbase material.
[0022] 5. The standard blocks of the side wall adopt an assembly slot design, with staggered joints between the upper and lower parts. They are connected to each other using mortise and tenon joints of prefabricated components. There are gaps and movement space between the standard blocks, which can be used for water permeability and temperature deformation, reducing the constraint effect of the side wall on the deformation of the panel.
[0023] Other advantages, objectives and features of this invention will be partly apparent from the following description, and partly understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of this invention. Attached Figure Description
[0024] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a prefabricated slope protection wall for a rockfill dam according to this utility model;
[0025] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a prefabricated slope protection wall for a rockfill dam according to this utility model.
[0026] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of a prefabricated standard block for a prefabricated slope protection wall in a rockfill dam according to this utility model.
[0027] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Precast sidewall standard block; 2. Upstream face; 3. Back face; 4. Upper mating groove face; 5. Lower mating groove face; 6. Tenon structure; 7. Mortise and tenon structure; 8. Subbase material; 9. Through hole; 10. Grating displacement sensor. Detailed Implementation
[0028] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.
[0029] The following description is intended to disclose the present invention so that those skilled in the art can implement it. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and other obvious modifications will occur to those skilled in the art. The basic principles of the present invention defined in the following description can be applied to other embodiments, modifications, improvements, equivalents, and other technical solutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
[0030] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in the disclosure of this utility model, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.
[0031] It is understood that the term "a" should be understood as "at least one" or "one or more", that is, in one embodiment, the number of an element can be one, while in another embodiment, the number of the element can be multiple, and the term "a" should not be understood as a limitation on the number.
[0032] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a preferred embodiment of this utility model provides a prefabricated slope protection wall for a rockfill dam, comprising multiple prefabricated wall standard blocks 1. The main cross-section of the prefabricated wall standard block 1 is an isosceles trapezoid, wherein the inclined surface containing the longer waist is the upstream face 2, and the inclined surface containing the shorter waist is the back face 3. In this embodiment, a preferred embodiment is that the prefabricated wall standard block 1 is 40 cm high and about 10 cm wide at the top. The trapezoidal cross-section facilitates the processing and assembly positioning of the prefabricated template, reducing the difficulty of on-site adjustment.
[0033] The upper and lower surfaces of the prefabricated sidewall standard block 1 are respectively provided with an upper mating groove surface 4 and a lower mating groove surface 5. On the middle of the two sides of the prefabricated sidewall standard block 1, one side is provided with a tenon structure 6 and the other side is provided with a mortise structure 7. The tenon structure 6 and the mortise structure 7 are adapted to be inserted to realize the lateral connection of adjacent prefabricated sidewall standard blocks 1. The adjacent upper and lower prefabricated sidewall standard blocks 1 are staggered and longitudinally connected by the adaptation of the upper and lower mating groove surfaces. The tenon and mortise structure significantly improves the assembly efficiency.
[0034] The back 3 of the precast sidewall standard block 1 is closely attached to the cushion material 8, and the cushion material 8 is filled in layers behind the sidewall.
[0035] Furthermore, in the prefabricated slope protection wall of the rockfill dam, the upper connecting groove surface 4, the lower connecting groove surface 5, the tenon structure 6, and the mortise structure 7 are all provided with through holes 9. The through holes 9 are used to install grating displacement sensors 10. The through holes 9 are designed to avoid damage to the side wall structure by drilling later.
[0036] Furthermore, the prefabricated slope protection wall of the rockfill dam extends longitudinally along the side wall through the grating displacement sensor 10 installed on the upper and lower docking groove surfaces, and the axis of the through hole 9 on the upper and lower docking groove surfaces is parallel to the upstream surface 2 of the side wall.
[0037] The grating displacement sensor 10, which is inserted through the side tenon structure 6 and the concave tenon structure 7, extends laterally along the side wall, and the axis of the through hole 9 of the tenon structure 6 and the concave tenon structure 7 is perpendicular to the side wall.
[0038] Among them, the deployment paths of the two types of grating displacement sensors 10 do not intersect in three-dimensional space.
[0039] Furthermore, in the prefabricated slope protection wall of the rockfill dam, the two ends of the grating displacement sensor 10 are respectively anchored to the tenon structure 6 and the mortise structure 7 of the prefabricated standard block 1 at the end of the wall, or respectively anchored to the upper docking groove surface 4 and the lower docking groove surface 5.
[0040] Furthermore, in the prefabricated slope protection wall of the rockfill dam, the cushion material 8 is embedded with a displacement and settlement sensor to monitor whether the displacement and settlement meet the requirements and guide the dynamic adjustment of compaction parameters.
[0041] Furthermore, in the prefabricated slope protection wall of the rockfill dam, the slope ratio of the upstream face 2 of the prefabricated sidewall standard block 1 is 1:1.4, and the slope ratio of the back face 3 is 1:0.125. The slope ratio of the upstream face 2 enhances the anti-sliding stability, and the slope ratio of the back face 3 improves the compaction and adhesion with the cushion material 8.
[0042] Furthermore, in the prefabricated slope protection wall of the rockfill dam, the cross-sections of the upper and lower connecting grooves are both rectangular, and the groove height and width are both 5cm.
[0043] Furthermore, in the prefabricated revetment sidewall of the rockfill dam, both the tenon structure 6 and the mortise structure 7 have a width of 10cm and a depth of 5cm. In this embodiment, a preferred implementation is that the tenon structure 6 and the mortise structure 7 are vertical tenon-mortise joints.
[0044] This utility model also provides a construction method for a prefabricated slope protection wall for a rockfill dam, comprising the following steps:
[0045] Step 1: Prefabrication of standard prefabricated sidewall blocks: Set tenon structure 6 and mortise structure 7 on both sides of the steel mold, set upper mating groove surface 4 and lower mating groove surface 5 on the top and bottom surfaces, and set through holes 9. Prefabricate standard prefabricated sidewall blocks in batches, pour and cure them in batches, and store them for later use after the strength reaches the standard.
[0046] Step 2: Mechanical and manual labor are used to repair the construction work surface to ensure that the side wall construction work surface is flat. The prefabricated side wall standard block 1, which was prefabricated in Step 1, is transferred to the work surface.
[0047] Step 3: Using a total station in conjunction with manual labor, set up a control point every 10 meters along the inner and outer wall lines, fix the hanging line with cement nails, and mark it with lime powder.
[0048] Step 4: Assemble the first layer of prefabricated sidewall standard blocks according to the inner and outer sidewall lines and control points. The blocks are connected to each other using tenon structure 6 and mortise structure 7, with the protrusions and mortises fitting together. At the same time, grating displacement sensors 10 are installed along the through holes 9.
[0049] Step 5: After the prefabricated sidewalls are spliced to meet the length required for mechanical material laying, the first layer of subbase material 8 is laid simultaneously and displacement and settlement sensors are pre-embedded. After the sidewalls and paving are completed, a self-propelled vibratory roller is used in conjunction with a vibratory plate to compact them.
[0050] Step Six: Excavate pits in the compacted area to test dry density, porosity, particle size distribution, etc., and at the same time test whether the displacement and settlement of the precast sidewalls meet the requirements.
[0051] Step 7: Continue construction in layers as described above until all upstream slope sidewalls are completed.
[0052] Although the embodiments of this utility model have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, this utility model is not limited to the specific details and the illustrations shown and described herein.
Claims
1. A rockfill dam segmental revetment parapet wall, characterized in that, It includes multiple prefabricated sidewall standard blocks, the main cross-section of which is an isosceles trapezoid, wherein the inclined plane containing the long waist is the upstream face and the inclined plane containing the short waist is the back face; The upper and lower surfaces of the prefabricated sidewall standard block are respectively provided with an upper mating groove and a lower mating groove. The middle of the two sides of the prefabricated sidewall standard block is provided with a tenon structure on one side and a mortise structure on the other side. The tenon structure and the mortise structure are adapted to be inserted to realize the lateral connection of adjacent prefabricated sidewall standard blocks. The adjacent upper and lower prefabricated sidewall standard blocks are staggered and longitudinally connected by adapting the upper and lower mating grooves. The back of the precast sidewall standard block is closely attached to the cushion material, which is then filled in layers behind the sidewall.
2. The rockfill dam segmental revetment parapet wall according to claim 1, wherein, The upper mating groove surface, the lower mating groove surface, the tenon structure, and the mortise structure are all provided with through holes, which are used to insert the grating displacement sensor.
3. The rockfill dam segmental revetment parapet wall according to claim 2, wherein, The optical grating displacement sensor, which is installed through the upper and lower docking grooves, extends longitudinally along the side wall, and the through hole axis of the upper and lower docking grooves is parallel to the upstream surface of the side wall. The optical grating displacement sensor, which is inserted through the side tenon and mortise structure, extends laterally along the side wall, and the through hole axis of the tenon and mortise structure is perpendicular to the side wall. Among them, the deployment paths of the two types of grating displacement sensors do not intersect in three-dimensional space.
4. The rockfill dam segmental revetment parapet wall according to claim 2, wherein, The two ends of the grating displacement sensor are respectively anchored to the tenon and mortise structure of the prefabricated standard block at the end of the side wall, or respectively anchored to the upper and lower mating groove surfaces.
5. The rockfill dam segmental revetment parapet wall according to claim 1, wherein, Displacement and settlement sensors are embedded in the cushion material.
6. The rockfill dam segmental revetment parapet wall of claim 1, wherein, The slope ratio of the upstream face of the prefabricated sidewall standard block is 1:1.4, and the slope ratio of the back face is 1:0.
125.
7. The rockfill dam segmental revetment parapet wall according to claim 1, wherein, Both the upper and lower mating grooves have rectangular cross-sections, with a groove height and width of 5cm.
8. The prefabricated slope protection wall for rockfill dams as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Both the tenon and mortise structure have a width of 10cm and a depth of 5cm.