Sphere gap discharge structure and discharge system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a sphere gap discharge structure and a discharge system, and relates to the technical field of power equipment, the sphere gap discharge structure comprises a fixed rod, a conductive telescopic device, a metal hemisphere and a controller; one end of the fixed rod is connected with one end of the conductive telescopic device, and the other end of the conductive telescopic device is connected with the metal hemisphere; the controller is connected with the conductive telescopic device and is used for receiving a remotely sent telescopic amount adjusting signal so as to control the telescopic amount of the conductive telescopic device according to the telescopic amount adjusting signal, and the installation safety of the sphere gap discharge structure can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power equipment technology, and in particular to a ball gap discharge structure and discharge system. Background Technology

[0002] In China's 110kV and 220kV power systems, some transformers are left ungrounded at the neutral point to limit single-phase ground fault current and meet relay protection configuration requirements. When asymmetrical short circuits (single-phase ground faults), non-full-phase operation, or lightning strikes on towers and transmission lines occur in the transmission system, large-amplitude overvoltages will appear at the neutral point of the ungrounded transformer, seriously threatening the neutral point insulation of the transformer.

[0003] For the protection of the neutral point insulation of ungrounded transformers, the commonly used method is the parallel rod-rod gap structure of surge arresters.

[0004] However, since the distance between the rods in the rod-rod gap structure varies at different locations, the workers need to carefully adjust the distance between the rods after installing the rod-rod gap structure at the current location. Since this adjustment is done at a high altitude, it poses a safety hazard. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a spherical gap discharge structure and discharge system, which can improve the safety of spherical gap discharge structure installation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a spherical gap discharge structure, the spherical gap discharge structure comprising:

[0008] Fixed rod, conductive telescopic device, metal hemisphere and controller;

[0009] One end of the fixed rod is connected to one end of the conductive telescopic device, and the other end of the conductive telescopic device is connected to the metal hemisphere; the controller is connected to the conductive telescopic device and is used to receive a remotely transmitted telescopic adjustment signal to control the telescopic amount of the conductive telescopic device according to the telescopic adjustment signal.

[0010] Secondly, this application provides a discharge system comprising two ball gap discharge structures as described in the first aspect, wherein one end of the fixed rod in one ball gap discharge structure is connected to a current transformer, and the other end of the fixed rod in the other ball gap discharge structure is connected to a surge arrester.

[0011] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, the following technical effects are disclosed:

[0012] This application provides a spherical gap discharge structure and discharge system. The spherical gap discharge structure includes a fixed rod, a conductive telescopic device, a metal hemisphere, and a controller. One end of the fixed rod is connected to one end of the conductive telescopic device, and the other end of the conductive telescopic device is connected to the metal hemisphere. The controller is connected to the conductive telescopic device and is used to receive a remotely transmitted telescopic adjustment signal to control the telescopic amount of the conductive telescopic device according to the telescopic adjustment signal. Because of the controller, which can receive the remotely transmitted telescopic adjustment signal, workers only need to fix the spherical gap discharge structure at a high altitude, eliminating the need for fine adjustment of the spherical gap spacing at high altitude. After landing, workers can send the telescopic adjustment signal from a safe area away from the spherical gap discharge structure, thus avoiding prolonged stay at height and close contact with the equipment, greatly reducing safety risks such as electric shock, arc burns, and falls from height. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a spherical gap discharge structure according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 1 ;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a spherical gap discharge structure according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 2 ;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a spherical gap discharge structure according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 3 ;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a spherical gap discharge structure according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 4 ;

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a discharge system according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0019] Figure 6 A functional module diagram of a control system structure for a remote controller provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance of a remote control provided for another embodiment of this application.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0022] 1-Fixed rod; 2-Conductive telescopic device; 21-Cylinder; 211-Conductive piston; 212-Conductive spring; 22-Power unit; 23-Electric push rod; 24-Motor drive module; 3-Metal hemisphere; 4-Controller; 5-Surge arrester; 6-Instrument transformer. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] In 110kV and 220kV power systems, some transformers operate with an ungrounded neutral point. This serves two purposes: firstly, it limits the single-phase ground fault current, preventing excessive fault current from damaging equipment; secondly, it aligns with the requirements of relay protection configuration, enabling relay protection devices to function more accurately.

[0026] However, when the power transmission system encounters asymmetrical short circuits, especially single-phase grounding faults, or is in a non-full-phase operation state, or is impacted by faults such as lightning strikes on towers and transmission lines, the neutral point of an ungrounded transformer will generate a large-amplitude overvoltage. Since 110kV and 220kV transformers often employ graded insulation design at the neutral point, the insulation level is relatively low, and the aforementioned overvoltages pose a serious threat to the transformer's neutral point insulation.

[0027] To effectively protect the neutral point insulation of ungrounded transformers, a combined protection scheme of surge arresters (5 in parallel with rod-to-rod gaps) is widely adopted in practical engineering. Surge arresters (5 in parallel) can quickly respond to lightning and transient overvoltages, limiting voltage amplitude; the rod-to-rod gaps can function under power frequency and switching overvoltages. The two work together to reliably protect the transformer's neutral point and also protect each other, reducing the risk of faults.

[0028] Ideally, through the proper coordination of surge arrester 5 and the rod-to-rod gap, damage to the transformer neutral point insulation can be effectively prevented. In this ideal mode, surge arrester 5 can limit lightning overvoltage, while the rod-to-rod gap can handle power frequency and resonant overvoltage; the two work together to protect the transformer neutral point insulation.

[0029] However, real-world power system architectures are complex, with different systems possessing their own characteristics. Furthermore, the inherent dispersion of rod-to-rod gaps leads to frequent mismatches between the rod-to-rod gaps and the surge arrester 5. Even newly installed rod-to-rod gaps, initially well-fitted with the surge arrester 5, experience an increasing number of gap breakdowns over time. The electrodes gradually deform due to arc erosion, becoming rougher on the surface, further increasing the dispersion of the rod-to-rod gaps, ultimately resulting in mismatch between the two.

[0030] While rod-to-rod gaps have the aforementioned problems, they also have significant advantages. They are simple in structure, have low manufacturing costs, pose no risk of explosion during use, and offer broad protection coverage. However, their inherent drawback is significant discharge dispersion. Furthermore, the difficulty in precisely adjusting the gap distance during installation, coupled with the varying degrees of electrode erosion during discharge, makes the discharge voltage of rod-to-rod gaps extremely unstable. In actual operation, this can easily lead to malfunctions and failures to operate, seriously threatening the safety and stability of the power system.

[0031] In comparison, spherical electrode gaps exhibit significant performance advantages. The spherical electrode gap creates a slightly non-uniform electric field. When the diameter and spacing of the spherical electrodes are scientifically and rationally selected, not only can a stable slightly non-uniform electric field be formed, but an environment approaching a uniform electric field can even be created. In both uniform and slightly non-uniform electric fields, corona discharge will not occur. Once the discharge reaches a self-sustaining state, it will immediately break down. The entire discharge process is stable with minimal discharge dispersion. Simultaneously, the impulse coefficient of the spherical electrode gap is close to 1, and its power frequency, DC, and lightning impulse voltage values ​​are essentially equal. By properly setting the spherical electrode spacing, gap discharge under the residual voltage of the surge arrester can be avoided, providing more stable and reliable protection for the transformer neutral point insulation and effectively compensating for the shortcomings of rod-to-rod gaps in discharge stability.

[0032] Despite the significant advantages of spherical electrode gaps in terms of discharge stability, they have undeniable drawbacks in practical operation and application. The distance between the electrodes requires manual adjustment. Many power facilities are installed at high altitudes, necessitating workers to climb to these heights and approach the equipment for adjustment. This process is not only cumbersome and time-consuming, but also exposes workers to multiple risks, including electric shock, arc burns, and falls from heights.

[0033] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this disclosure proposes a spherical gap discharge structure and discharge system.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a spherical gap discharge structure according to an exemplary embodiment, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the spherical gap discharge structure includes:

[0035] 1. Fixed rod; 2. Conductive telescopic device; 3. Metal hemisphere; 4. Controller.

[0036] One end of the fixed rod 1 is connected to one end of the conductive telescopic device 2, and the other end of the conductive telescopic device 2 is connected to the metal hemisphere 3; the controller 4 is connected to the conductive telescopic device 2 and is used to receive a telescopic adjustment signal sent remotely, so as to control the telescopic amount of the conductive telescopic device 2 according to the telescopic adjustment signal.

[0037] The fixed rod 1 is a basic component in the ball gap discharge structure. One end of the fixed rod 1 is connected to one end of the conductive telescopic device 2. This connection method allows the conductive telescopic device 2 to obtain stable support with the help of the fixed rod 1.

[0038] The conductive telescopic device 2 has both electrical conductivity and telescopic capabilities, with its other end connected to the metal hemisphere 3. Because the conductive telescopic device 2 can extend and retract, it can move the metal hemisphere 3; that is, the telescopic characteristics of the conductive telescopic device 2 can change the position of the metal hemisphere 3. When a discharge system is formed using two ball-gap discharge structures, the two metal hemispheres 3 are placed opposite each other. Their telescopic characteristics can change the gap between the two metal hemispheres 3, allowing the gap spacing to be adjusted, thereby changing the parameters of the ball-gap discharge to adapt to different working environments. In one embodiment, the other end of the conductive telescopic device 2 is connected to the metal hemisphere 3 via a connecting rod. Since the ball-gap discharge structure needs to ensure good conductivity of the entire circuit, the connecting rod also needs to have certain conductivity.

[0039] The metal hemisphere 3 is the key component for generating the discharge phenomenon. When a sufficient voltage is applied, a discharge occurs between the two metal hemispheres 3, thereby realizing the main function of the sphere gap discharge structure, such as releasing excess electrical energy in overvoltage protection.

[0040] The main function of controller 4 is to receive remotely transmitted expansion and contraction adjustment signals. These signals can be sent by operators at a remote location according to actual needs, such as adjusting the size of the ball gap based on different voltage levels, working environments, and other factors. After receiving these signals, controller 4 analyzes and processes them, and then controls the expansion and contraction of the conductive expansion device 2 according to the signal requirements, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the ball gap size to meet different working conditions and requirements.

[0041] It is worth noting that the controller 4 receiving the extension / retraction adjustment signal is a crucial step in achieving precise control of the conductive extension / retraction device 2. The following are some common control methods and related technologies:

[0042] 1. Encoder feedback control.

[0043] The controller 4 receives position signals through the encoder. The encoder converts the extension and retraction position of the conductive telescopic device 2 into electrical signals. The controller 4 adjusts the extension and retraction action of the conductive telescopic device 2 in real time according to these signals, thereby achieving precise position control.

[0044] 2. PLC programming control.

[0045] The programmable logic controller 4 (PLC) can receive the extension adjustment signal and control the motor or other drive device according to the preset program to realize the precise extension and retraction of the conductive extension device 2.

[0046] 3. PWM speed control.

[0047] Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technology controls the motor voltage by adjusting the pulse width, thereby controlling the extension speed and position of the telescopic device. Controller 4 can adjust the PWM signal according to the extension amount adjustment signal to achieve precise control.

[0048] 4. Position sensor and control valve combination control.

[0049] The position sensor detects the current position of the telescopic device in real time and feeds the signal back to the controller 4. The controller 4 adjusts the movement of the telescopic device according to the telescopic adjustment signal.

[0050] 5. Electric intelligent telescopic pole control system.

[0051] This system includes a main control module, a motor, a drive assembly, an input module, a position detection module, and a FOC sampling module. The input module triggers and generates control commands, which the main control module receives and drives the motor to rotate via the drive assembly. The position detection module and the FOC sampling module provide feedback on position and current signals, respectively, and the main control module adjusts the motor's speed and extension / retraction movements based on these signals.

[0052] 6. Pressure sensor monitoring and control.

[0053] Pressure sensors can be installed to detect the internal pressure of the telescopic device and feed the signal back to controller 4. Controller 4 adjusts the telescopic action based on the telescopic adjustment signal and the pressure signal.

[0054] Therefore, the existing controller 4 already has such control capabilities, and this disclosure will not describe it in detail.

[0055] The ball gap discharge structure disclosed herein includes a controller 4 capable of receiving remotely transmitted extension / retraction adjustment signals. This means that operators only need to fix the ball gap discharge structure at height, eliminating the need for fine-tuning the gap spacing. After landing, operators can send extension / retraction adjustment signals from a safe area away from the structure, thus avoiding prolonged exposure at height and close contact with the equipment, significantly reducing the risks of electric shock, arc burns, and falls from height. Furthermore, upon receiving the remote extension / retraction adjustment signal, the controller 4 can control the extension / retraction of the conductive telescopic device 2 accordingly. The extension / retraction of the conductive telescopic device 2 changes the distance between the metal hemispheres 3, i.e., the inter-electrode distance of the ball electrode gap. This automatic adjustment replaces manual adjustment, reducing operational complexity, saving time and effort, and improving adjustment accuracy and efficiency.

[0056] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the conductive telescopic device 2 includes: a cylinder 21 and a power device 22;

[0057] One end of the fixing rod 1 is connected to the outer side of the bottom of the cylinder 21, and the conductive piston 211 inside the cylinder 21 is connected to the metal hemisphere 3 on the side opposite to the bottom of the cylinder 21; the fluid inlet and fluid outlet of the cylinder 21 are respectively connected to a solenoid valve ( Figure 2 (Not shown in the image) is connected to the power unit 22, and the solenoid valve is connected to the controller 4.

[0058] One end of the fixing rod 1 is connected to the outer side of the bottom of the cylinder 21. The fixing rod 1 serves to support and fix the cylinder 21, ensuring that the cylinder 21 is stable during operation and will not shake or shift. Inside the cylinder 21, the conductive piston 211 is connected to a metal hemisphere 3 on the side opposite to the bottom of the cylinder 21. When the conductive piston 211 moves linearly within the cylinder 21, it moves the connected metal hemisphere 3, thereby changing the distance between the two metal hemispheres 3, i.e., the size of the gap. The fluid inlet and fluid outlet of the cylinder 21 are connected to the power unit 22 via solenoid valves. The fluid inlet allows fluid supplied by the power unit 22 to enter the cylinder 21, driving the conductive piston 211; the fluid outlet discharges fluid from the cylinder 21, allowing the conductive piston 211 to move in the opposite direction. The solenoid valve controls the flow and flow rate of the fluid. The solenoid valve is connected to the controller 4. The controller 4 can adjust the solenoid valve’s opening and closing status and opening size according to the received extension and retraction adjustment signal, thereby precisely controlling the amount and speed of fluid entering or leaving the cylinder 21, and thus achieving precise control of the moving distance and speed of the conductive piston 211, ultimately achieving the purpose of precisely adjusting the distance between the metal hemispheres 3.

[0059] Specifically, when the controller 4 receives the remotely transmitted extension / retraction adjustment signal, it sends a control command to the solenoid valve according to the signal requirements. If it is necessary to increase the ball gap distance, the controller 4 will control the solenoid valve to open the fluid inlet, allowing the fluid supplied by the power unit 22 to enter the cylinder 21, pushing the conductive piston 211 away from the bottom of the cylinder 21, thereby causing the metal hemisphere 3 to move outward and increase the ball gap; conversely, if it is necessary to decrease the ball gap distance, the controller 4 will control the solenoid valve to open the fluid outlet, allowing the fluid in the cylinder 21 to be discharged, and the conductive piston 211 to move towards the bottom of the cylinder 21, causing the metal hemisphere 3 to move inward and decrease the ball gap.

[0060] The cylinder 21 may include a liquid-driven cylinder 21 and a gas-driven cylinder 21.

[0061] When cylinder 21 is a liquid-driven cylinder, it uses liquid as the working medium to achieve its driving function. Common liquids, such as hydraulic oil, are incompressible and can precisely transmit pressure. In a liquid-driven cylinder 21, the liquid is pressurized and injected into the cylinder 21 by a power unit 22 (such as a hydraulic pump). The pressure of the liquid pushes the piston inside the cylinder 21, thereby achieving the extension and retraction function. Due to the incompressibility of liquid, the liquid-driven cylinder 21 can provide greater driving force and higher motion accuracy, making it suitable for applications requiring greater force and precise control. If cylinder 21 is liquid-driven, the fluid inlet is called the liquid inlet, and the fluid outlet is called the liquid outlet. The liquid inlet is used to inject pressurized liquid into the cylinder 21 to push the piston; the liquid outlet is used to discharge the liquid from the cylinder 21, causing the piston to return to its original position. Similarly, the solenoid valve, under the control of the controller 4, adjusts the liquid flow rate at the liquid inlet and outlet to achieve precise regulation of the piston movement.

[0062] When cylinder 21 is a gas-driven cylinder, it uses gas (usually compressed air) as the working medium. A power unit 22 (such as an air pump) compresses the gas and sends it into cylinder 21; the gas pressure drives the piston. Gas is compressible, making the gas-driven cylinder 21 react quickly and move flexibly. Furthermore, gas sources are widely available and the cost is relatively low. When cylinder 21 is gas-driven, the fluid inlet is the air inlet, and the fluid outlet is the air outlet. The air inlet is used to introduce compressed air into cylinder 21 to drive the piston; the air outlet is used to expel the gas from cylinder 21, allowing the piston to move in the opposite direction. During this process, the solenoid valve controls the opening and closing of the air inlet and outlet according to the instructions of controller 4, thereby precisely controlling the amount and speed of gas entering and leaving the cylinder, achieving precise control of the piston's movement.

[0063] In the ball gap discharge structure, the cylinder 21 is not only a crucial component for realizing the telescopic function of the conductive telescopic device 2, but also needs to participate in the entire discharge process. Because ball gap discharge requires the formation of a complete conductive circuit, the cylinder 21, as the intermediate link connecting the fixed rod 1 and the metal hemisphere 3, will hinder current conduction if it lacks good conductivity, affecting the discharge effect and potentially causing the discharge to fail. Therefore, to ensure the stable and effective operation of the ball gap discharge structure, the cylinder 21 must be made of a conductive material. For example, the material of the sidewall of the cylinder 21 can include metal, and the material of the conductive piston 211 can also include metal.

[0064] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the cylinder 21 further includes: a conductive spring 212;

[0065] One end of the conductive spring 212 is connected to the inner side of the bottom of the cylinder 21.

[0066] The other end of the conductive spring 212 is connected to the side of the conductive piston 211 near the bottom of the cylinder 21.

[0067] Because the ball gap discharge structure needs to ensure good conductivity throughout the circuit, the conductive spring 212 serves to connect the bottom of the cylinder 21 and the conductive piston 211. It ensures that current can be smoothly conducted between the bottom of the cylinder 21, the conductive spring 212, the conductive piston 211, and the metal hemisphere 3 connected to the piston, forming a complete conductive path. In this way, during the ball gap discharge process, the current can pass through each component without obstruction, achieving stable and reliable discharge. Without the conductive spring 212, or if the spring does not have good conductivity, increased resistance and poor conductivity may occur between the piston and the bottom of the cylinder 21, affecting the effectiveness of the ball gap discharge and potentially preventing it from proceeding properly.

[0068] Furthermore, during the operation of cylinder 21, the conductive piston 211 may experience significant impact forces and vibrations due to fluid impacts, system vibrations, and other factors. The conductive spring 212 acts as a buffer and damper, absorbing and dispersing these impact forces and vibrational energy. When the piston is impacted, the spring reduces the piston's movement speed through its own compression and extension, minimizing damage to the piston and other components of cylinder 21 and extending the equipment's service life. Simultaneously, the damping effect also helps improve the stability of the ball gap discharge structure, preventing minor changes in the inter-electrode distance caused by vibration, which could affect the stability and accuracy of the discharge.

[0069] In one embodiment, a first displacement sensor is also provided inside the cylinder 21; the first displacement sensor is connected to the controller 4.

[0070] The first displacement sensor can accurately measure the position of the conductive piston 211 within the cylinder 21 in real time. Whether the conductive piston 211 moves away from the bottom of the cylinder 21 under the drive of the power unit 22, or returns to its original position under the action of the conductive spring 212, the displacement sensor can accurately capture its positional changes. By converting the piston's position information into an electrical signal, the displacement sensor provides the system with precise data on the piston's position, which is crucial for the precise control of the ball gap discharge structure. For example, during the ball gap discharge process, it is necessary to precisely adjust the distance between the metal hemisphere 3 and other electrodes according to different discharge requirements, and the position of the conductive piston 211 directly determines the position of the metal hemisphere 3. Therefore, accurately measuring the position of the conductive piston 211 is the foundation for achieving precise discharge control.

[0071] Furthermore, after the first displacement sensor is connected to the controller 4, it feeds back the measured piston position information to the controller 4. The controller 4 compares and analyzes the preset target position with the actual measured piston position, and then adjusts the control strategy accordingly. If the piston position deviates from the target position, the controller 4 can adjust the flow of fluid in the cylinder 21 by controlling the solenoid valve, thereby adjusting the piston position to reach or approach the target position. This feedback control mechanism can correct the piston position deviation in real time, ensuring that the ball gap discharge structure is always in a stable and accurate working state, thus improving the reliability and stability of the system.

[0072] The first displacement sensor can also play a protective role when the equipment malfunctions. For example, if the piston moves excessively or gets stuck, the displacement sensor can detect it in time and transmit the abnormal information to the controller 4. After receiving the signal, the controller 4 can immediately take corresponding protective measures, such as stopping the operation of the power unit 22 and closing the solenoid valve, to prevent the equipment from being damaged due to abnormal piston movement, avoid potential safety accidents, and also help reduce equipment maintenance costs and downtime.

[0073] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the conductive telescopic device 2 includes: an electric push rod 23;

[0074] One end of the fixed rod 1 is connected to one end of the electric push rod 23, and the other end of the electric push rod 23 is connected to the metal hemisphere 3; the motor drive module 24 of the electric push rod 23 is connected to the controller 4.

[0075] One end of the fixed rod 1 is connected to one end of the electric push rod 23, providing stable support for the electric push rod 23 and ensuring that it does not shift or wobble during operation. The other end of the electric push rod 23 is connected to the metal hemisphere 3. The extension and retraction of the electric push rod 23 drives the metal hemisphere 3 to move, changing the ball gap spacing and adjusting the ball gap discharge characteristics. The electric push rod 23 can convert the rotational motion of the motor into the linear reciprocating motion of the push rod, thereby adjusting the position of the metal hemisphere 3. The controller 4 remotely controls the electric push rod 23 by controlling the motor drive module 24. When the controller 4 receives the remotely transmitted extension / retraction adjustment signal, it analyzes the signal and sends corresponding control commands to the motor drive module 24 to drive the motor of the electric push rod 23 to complete the extension / retraction action.

[0076] In one embodiment, a second displacement sensor is also provided inside the electric push rod 23; the second displacement sensor is connected to the controller 4.

[0077] The second displacement sensor monitors the extension and retraction position of the electric push rod 23 in real time and feeds the position information back to the controller 4. The controller 4 compares the actual position fed back by the sensor with the preset target position. If a deviation occurs, the controller 4 immediately adjusts the motor drive module 24 to ensure that the electric push rod 23 accurately reaches the target position. Furthermore, during the operation of the electric push rod 23, if any abnormal situation occurs such as motor failure or push rod jamming, the second displacement sensor can detect it in time and feed the abnormal signal back to the controller 4. The controller 4 quickly takes measures, such as stopping the motor, to prevent further damage to the equipment and reduce the possibility of safety accidents.

[0078] In one embodiment, the metal hemisphere 3 is connected to a ranging sensor; the controller 4 is also connected to the ranging sensor.

[0079] A ranging sensor is connected to the metal hemisphere 3, and its core function is to measure the distance between the two metal hemispheres 3 in real time, i.e., the ball gap in the above embodiment. The ranging sensor transmits the real-time measured distance data to the controller 4. The controller 4 has preset ideal positions for the metal balls or target distance values ​​for the ball gap. When the actual distance data received by the controller 4 deviates from the preset value, it sends control commands to the device that drives the movement of the metal balls (such as the electric push rod 23 mentioned above) according to the specific deviation, so that it can adjust the position of the metal balls and make the actual distance approach the preset target distance. This ensures that the ball gap discharge and other related processes can be carried out under precise distance conditions, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the system.

[0080] The distance sensors mentioned above can be: laser triangulation sensors, ultrasonic distance sensors, capacitive distance sensors, and inductive distance sensors.

[0081] Taking a laser triangulation rangefinder as an example, this sensor is connected to a metal sphere to accurately measure the distance between the metal sphere and another metal hemisphere 3. This sensor utilizes the principle of laser triangulation, emitting a laser beam onto the surface of the object being measured and then receiving the reflected light. Based on the angle between the emitted and reflected light and known sensor structural parameters, the distance from the sensor to the object is calculated. In a sphere-gap discharge structure, connecting it to the metal sphere allows for real-time acquisition of accurate distance information between the metal sphere and the opposing electrode, providing crucial distance data for controlling the sphere-gap discharge.

[0082] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a discharge system according to an exemplary embodiment, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the discharge system includes two ball gap discharge structures as described in any of the above embodiments. One end of the fixed rod in one ball gap discharge structure is connected to the current transformer, and the other end of the fixed rod in the other ball gap discharge structure is connected to the surge arrester.

[0083] When the discharge system malfunctions, the air between the two metal hemispheres is broken down, causing a discharge. A conductive circuit is formed between the transformer, the fixed rod, the conductive expansion device, and the air.

[0084] During installation, the ball-gap discharge structures on both sides are fixed to the current transformer and surge arrester, respectively. The left conductive expansion joint is moved to the rightmost end, and the right conductive expansion joint is moved to the leftmost end, so that the distance between the two metal hemispheres is 0. Then, the operator sends an expansion adjustment signal to the controller via the remote control. The controller then controls the conductive expansion joint to move the metal hemispheres according to the expansion adjustment signal. At this point, the distance between the ball gaps is equal to the sum of the distances moved by the two conductive expansion joints. After reaching the specified distance, the conductive expansion joints are fixed. This method saves the step of manually adjusting the distance between the metal hemispheres during installation, avoids the risks of working at height, and improves the accuracy of gap adjustment.

[0085] like Figure 6 As shown, the control system structure of the remote controller includes: a remote control module, a positioning module, a driver, and a communication module, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the remote control includes: a ball gap discharge structure adjustment button on the left, an adjustment value display interface, a ball gap discharge structure adjustment button on the right, an adjustment distance selection button, and a confirmation button.

[0086] The adjustment value display interface is marked with "+" and "-" symbols, where "+" indicates extension and "-" indicates compression. The distance selection button includes multiple distance options; the confirmation button is... Figure 7 The "OK" button shown.

[0087] During use, the operator presses either the "Left Ball Gap Discharge Structure Adjustment Button" or the "Right Ball Gap Discharge Structure Adjustment Button" to specify whether the left or right ball gap discharge structure needs adjustment. The user selects the desired adjustment distance using the "Adjustment Distance Selection Button." This button may offer a series of preset distance options, such as 1mm, 5mm, and 10mm; the user simply selects the appropriate option. After the user clicks the "OK" button, the driver in the remote control collects the user's operation information on the interface, namely the selected ball gap discharge structure (left or right) and the adjustment distance. The driver sends this information to the remote control unit, which encapsulates it according to a specific communication protocol, forming a data packet containing the telescoping adjustment signal. The remote control unit then transmits the encapsulated data packet to the communication module. The communication module converts the digital signal into a signal format suitable for transmission over a specific communication medium. If wireless communication (e.g., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 4G / 5G) is used, the communication module converts the signal into a wireless signal of the corresponding frequency band. If wired communication (e.g., Ethernet, RS-485) is used, it converts the signal into an electrical signal conforming to the wired network standard. The communication module then transmits the converted signal using the selected communication method. The signal is transmitted through the corresponding network infrastructure (e.g., router, base station) to the receiving end connected to the controller of the ball gap discharge structure. The positioning module plays an auxiliary role throughout the process. It determines the position of the remote control and the ball gap discharge structure, ensuring that the signal is accurately transmitted to the target controller. When multiple ball gap discharge structures need to be controlled, the positioning module helps distinguish between different devices, ensuring that the extension / retraction adjustment signal is accurately transmitted to the controller of the user-specified left or right ball gap discharge structure.

[0088] The controller of the ball gap discharge structure receives the transmitted signal through its connected communication module, decodes and analyzes the signal, and extracts the extension / retraction adjustment information contained therein, that is, whether the left or right side structure needs adjustment and the specific extension / retraction amount. Based on the analyzed extension / retraction adjustment signal, the controller sends corresponding control commands to the conductive extension / retraction device. If the conductive extension / retraction device is an electric actuator, the controller sends the corresponding control command to the motor drive module, which drives the electric actuator's motor to rotate, causing the actuator to extend or retract according to the specified amount. If it is a cylinder-driven device, the controller sends the corresponding control command to the power unit, which controls the on / off state and opening degree of the solenoid valve, adjusting the fluid flow in and out of the cylinder, thereby causing the conductive piston to move accordingly, ultimately adjusting the position of the metal ball to achieve the purpose of adjusting the ball gap distance.

[0089] After executing the adjustment operation, the controller feeds back the current adjustment status and results to the remote control unit via the communication module. The remote control unit processes and analyzes the feedback information, and then transmits the relevant information to the driver. The driver then displays it on the "adjustment value display interface" of the remote control, allowing the user to understand the adjustment status of the ball gap discharge structure in real time.

[0090] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0091] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A ball gap discharge structure, characterized by, The spherical gap discharge structure includes: Fixed rod, conductive telescopic device, metal hemisphere and controller; One end of the fixed rod is connected to one end of the conductive telescopic device, and the other end of the conductive telescopic device is connected to the metal hemisphere; the controller is connected to the conductive telescopic device and is used to receive a remotely transmitted telescopic adjustment signal to control the telescopic amount of the conductive telescopic device according to the telescopic adjustment signal.

2. The ball gap discharge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductive telescopic device includes: a cylinder and a power unit; One end of the fixing rod is connected to the outside of the bottom of the cylinder, and the conductive piston inside the cylinder is connected to the metal hemisphere on the side opposite to the bottom of the cylinder. The fluid inlet and fluid outlet of the cylinder are connected to the power unit via solenoid valves, and the solenoid valves are connected to the controller.

3. The ball gap discharge structure according to claim 2, wherein The cylinder also includes: a conductive spring; One end of the conductive spring is connected to the inner side of the bottom of the cylinder. The other end of the conductive spring is connected to the conductive piston on the side near the bottom of the cylinder.

4. The ball gap discharge structure of claim 2, wherein, A first displacement sensor is also installed inside the cylinder; The first displacement sensor is connected to the controller.

5. The ball gap discharge structure of claim 1, wherein The conductive telescopic device includes: an electric push rod; One end of the fixed rod is connected to one end of the electric push rod, and the other end of the electric push rod is connected to the metal hemisphere; The motor drive module of the electric actuator is connected to the controller.

6. The ball gap discharge structure according to claim 5, wherein A second displacement sensor is also installed inside the electric push rod; The second displacement sensor is connected to the controller.

7. The ball gap discharge structure of claim 1, wherein The other end of the conductive telescopic device is connected to the metal hemisphere via a connecting rod.

8. The spherical gap discharge structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The metal hemisphere is connected to the ranging sensor; The controller is also connected to the ranging sensor.

9. The spherical gap discharge structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fluid inlet includes an air inlet, and the fluid outlet includes an air outlet; or, The fluid inlet includes a liquid inlet, and the fluid outlet includes a liquid outlet.

10. A discharge system, characterized in that, The discharge system includes two ball gap discharge structures as described in any one of claims 1-9, one end of the fixed rod in one ball gap discharge structure is connected to a current transformer, and the other end of the fixed rod in the other ball gap discharge structure is connected to a surge arrester.

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