Movable rescue capsule used for hydropower station TBM tunneling and combined with permanent emergency refuge

Abstract

The utility model provides a movable rescue capsule combined with permanent emergency refuge for hydropower station TBM tunneling, which relates to hydropower station safety protection equipment and comprises a fire elevator, a rescue elevator, a protection door, an isolation chamber, a refuge chamber, a rescue chamber, a first sealing door, a second sealing door and a self-walking track system. The rescue elevator and the fire elevator are physically isolated; the isolation room, the refuge room and the rescue room are sequentially communicated to form a multi-layer protection structure; the rescue room is arranged on the self-walking track system and can move along a track; the rescue room has double functions, serves as a movable rescue capsule in the TBM tunneling stage, and forms a permanent emergency refuge facility through structural transformation after construction is completed. The technical problems that evacuation efficiency is low, movement depends on manpower, an electric power system is fragile and the like are solved, and organic combination of the construction period and permanent facilities is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of safety protection equipment for hydropower stations, specifically to a mobile rescue capsule that combines permanent emergency refuge with TBM tunnel excavation in hydropower stations. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's hydropower industry, the scale of underground powerhouse construction in hydropower stations is constantly expanding, and the application of TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) technology in the hydropower industry is becoming increasingly widespread. A TBM is a type of mechanical equipment specifically designed for tunnel excavation. It cuts through soil or rock using a rotating cutterhead and transports the excavated soil to the surface via a conveying system. It can be configured with appropriate types based on different geological conditions to achieve efficient and safe tunnel excavation. However, during the construction and subsequent operation of TBM tunnels in hydropower stations, safety protection and emergency rescue face numerous technical challenges.

[0003] Current technology has significant shortcomings in the safe evacuation of underground powerhouses in hydropower stations. The underground powerhouse complex typically has two safety exits leading to the outside ground level: the access tunnel serves as the primary exit, while the ventilation tunnel is a backup. In the event of an earthquake, fire, or other emergency, if the access tunnel is blocked or collapses, personnel can only evacuate through the ventilation tunnel. Currently, the main and auxiliary powerhouses have nine or ten floors, equipped with only one smoke-proof stairwell and one fire elevator, both sharing a common vestibule. Because the ventilation level of the ventilation tunnel is more than 40 meters above the lowest floor of the auxiliary powerhouse, personnel must climb the 40-meter-high smoke-proof stairwell to reach the ventilation tunnel, posing a significant challenge to evacuation. Even more seriously, in the event of a fire, the fire elevator is only for firefighters; evacuees must pass through the shared vestibule to reach the ventilation tunnel, inevitably causing overlapping routes for firefighters and evacuees, posing a safety risk.

[0004] In terms of emergency rescue during TBM tunnel construction, existing technologies also have many problems. Tunnel construction rescue cabins are safety facilities specifically designed for tunnel workers, primarily used to provide refuge space in the event of an emergency. Existing technologies, such as Chinese patent CN221879484U, disclose an emergency rescue cabin for integrated horizontal and inclined TBM tunnel construction, including a guide rail and a rescue cabin mounted on the guide rail. The rescue cabin is connected to a traction mechanism and comprises multiple unit cabins connected in series to form a sealed cabin. Although this technology provides basic mobile rescue functionality, it still has the following technical shortcomings in practical applications:

[0005] First, existing rescue capsules need to be moved in real time during TBM tunnel excavation according to the excavation situation. However, this movement still mainly relies on manual handling or simple traction mechanisms, greatly increasing the labor intensity of workers. This is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive but may also lead to worker discomfort or injury. Second, the electrical systems of existing emergency rescue equipment are relatively fragile. When an accident occurs and power is cut off from the outside world, life support systems such as oxygen supply, temperature control, air purification, and water supply cannot function properly, which will greatly hinder rescue efforts. Third, most existing protective doors use simple assembly methods, fastened to the refuge chamber with bolts. Due to their heavy weight, these doors are prone to loosening in the event of an emergency, rendering them ineffective. Furthermore, the doors are often pushed open outwards; if the outer side of the door is jammed, it will affect the timeliness of rescue.

[0006] More importantly, the existing technology separates the construction-phase life-saving capsules from the permanent emergency refuge facilities, lacking a systematic approach. After construction, temporary life-saving capsules are usually dismantled, while permanent emergency refuge facilities need to be rebuilt, which not only wastes resources and increases construction costs but also prolongs the project cycle. The design and layout of existing hydroelectric power station refuge chambers are unreasonable, with insufficient fresh air supply and inadequate emergency supplies, posing a threat to refugees and prolonging rescue time. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a new type of life-saving capsule technical solution that can provide reliable life protection for people in distress when an accident occurs, organically combine temporary rescue during construction and permanent emergency refuge, and has automatic mobility and a complete life support system.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model employs the following technical solution:

[0009] A mobile rescue capsule combining permanent emergency refuge and TBM tunnel boring machine (TBM) excavation for hydroelectric power stations includes:

[0010] Fire elevators, rescue elevators, protective doors, isolation rooms, refuge rooms, rescue rooms, first sealed doors, second sealed doors, and self-propelled track systems;

[0011] The rescue elevator is physically isolated from the fire elevator and is used for the evacuation of trapped personnel; the isolation room, refuge room and rescue room are connected in sequence to form a multi-layered protective structure.

[0012] A first sealed door is provided between the isolation room and the refuge room, and a second sealed door is provided between the refuge room and the rescue room;

[0013] The rescue room is mounted on the self-propelled track system and can move along the self-propelled track system;

[0014] The rescue room has a dual function: it serves as a mobile rescue capsule during the TBM tunnel excavation phase, and after construction is completed, it can be transformed into a permanent emergency refuge facility through structural conversion.

[0015] Furthermore: the protective door is a sliding explosion-proof door, including a door body and a sliding mechanism that cooperates with the door body, and the opening degree of the sliding mechanism is not less than 1200mm.

[0016] Furthermore, the refuge room includes a refuge space and a storage space. The refuge space is equipped with a drive device and an oxygen supply device, and the storage space stores food, drinking water, and first aid supplies.

[0017] Furthermore, the rescue room is equipped with a monitoring system, an oxygen supply system, a cooling system, an air purification system, a lighting system, a communication system, a survival support system, and an energy storage device. The monitoring system, oxygen supply system, cooling system, air purification system, lighting system, communication system, and survival support system are all electrically connected to the energy storage device.

[0018] Furthermore, the energy conversion efficiency of the energy storage device is not less than 85%, and the energy storage capacity is not less than 72kWh.

[0019] Furthermore, the self-propelled track system includes a track, an anti-derailment device, and an automatic positioning module. The anti-derailment device adopts a double-row roller guide structure, and the positioning accuracy of the automatic positioning module is ±2cm.

[0020] Furthermore: the body of the rescue room is manufactured using a double-sided submerged arc welding process, the rescue room is equipped with an explosion-proof door, and the door frame of the explosion-proof door is manufactured using an integral casting process, with a tensile strength of not less than 600MPa.

[0021] Furthermore, the rescue room achieves a structural transformation from a mobile rescue capsule to a permanent emergency refuge facility through an anchoring system and concrete pouring. The anchoring system uses M16~M32 anchors with a spacing of 400~600mm, and the concrete pouring uses C40 concrete with a pouring thickness of 200~400mm.

[0022] Furthermore, it also includes a shared vestibule, a smoke-proof stairwell vestibule, and a rescue elevator vestibule, wherein the net usable area of ​​the shared vestibule is not less than 10 square meters, and the net usable area of ​​the smoke-proof stairwell vestibule and the rescue elevator vestibule is not less than 6 square meters.

[0023] Furthermore: the first sealing door is an electric explosion-proof door, the second sealing door is an electric roller shutter door, and an air curtain isolation device is installed in the isolation chamber.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0025] I. This utility model effectively solves the safety risk of overlapping movement routes between firefighters and evacuees in existing technologies by setting up a dual-elevator diversion mechanism that physically separates rescue elevators and fire elevators. Trapped personnel can be quickly evacuated via an independent rescue elevator, avoiding the physical exertion of climbing a smoke-proof stairwell more than 40 meters high, significantly shortening escape and evacuation time, further gaining rescue time, and improving evacuation efficiency.

[0026] Second, the self-propelled track system enables the automatic movement of the rescue chamber, completely solving the problem of reliance on manual handling in existing technologies. Equipped with anti-derailment devices and an automatic positioning module, the rescue chamber can automatically adapt to changes in the TBM construction schedule, eliminating the need for manual handling. This reduces labor intensity and costs, improves construction efficiency, shortens the construction period, and lowers safety risks.

[0027] Third, by integrating a monitoring system, oxygen supply system, cooling system, air purification system, lighting system, communication system, survival support system, and energy storage device into the rescue room, a complete life support system is effectively solved, addressing the problem of life support function failure caused by the fragility of the power system in existing technologies. The energy storage device can continuously supply power when external power is interrupted, significantly extending the waiting time for rescue and enhancing the safety of trapped personnel.

[0028] Fourth, the sliding explosion-proof door structure, with the door frame manufactured using an integral casting process, effectively solves the reliability problems of existing protective doors, such as easy loosening, inconvenient opening and closing, and susceptibility to being jammed by foreign objects. The sliding opening method avoids the risk of jamming when pushing the door open outward, ensuring reliable protection and timely rescue in emergencies.

[0029] Fifth, the multi-layered protective structure formed by the isolation room, refuge room and rescue room, combined with the double sealing design of the first and second sealed doors, effectively blocks the entry of external polluted air and shock waves, providing a safer and more reliable refuge place for underground workers of the hydropower station and reducing casualties.

[0030] VI. The design achieves an organic integration of the construction-phase rescue capsule and the permanent emergency refuge facility. The rescue chamber has a dual function: during the TBM tunnel excavation phase, it serves as a mobile rescue capsule; after construction, it is structurally converted into a permanent emergency refuge facility through an anchoring system and concrete pouring. This combined temporary and permanent design avoids redundant construction, significantly reduces construction costs, improves resource utilization efficiency, and shortens the project cycle. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0033] In the diagram: 1. Smoke-proof stairwell; 2. Fire elevator; 3. Shared anteroom; 4. Fire door; 5. Smoke-proof stairwell anteroom; 6. Rescue elevator; 7. Rescue elevator anteroom; 8. Protective door; 9. Isolation room; 10. Refuge room; 10-1. Refuge space; 10-2. Storage space; 11. Rescue room; 11-1. Explosion-proof door; 12. First sealed door; 13. Second sealed door; 14. Ventilated airtight window; 15. Self-propelled track system; 16. Ventilated and safe evacuation tunnel; 17. Ventilation room; 18. Smoke exhaust room; 19. Ventilation fan room; 20. Power distribution room. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solution of this utility model will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0035] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0036] This utility model provides a mobile rescue capsule combining permanent emergency refuge and TBM tunnel excavation for hydropower stations, comprising a fire elevator 2, a rescue elevator 6, a protective door 8, an isolation room 9, a refuge room 10, a rescue room 11, a first sealed door 12, a second sealed door 13, and a self-propelled track system 15. The rescue elevator 6 is physically isolated from the fire elevator 2 and is used for the evacuation of trapped personnel. Specifically, the rescue elevator 6 has a load capacity of not less than 1000 kg and an operating speed of 1.5 m / s, which can meet the needs of rapid evacuation of hydropower station personnel. In case of fire, the fire elevator 2 is only for firefighters; trapped personnel can escape and evacuate through the smoke-proof stairwell 1 or quickly evacuate through the rescue elevator 6, saving personnel's energy, shortening escape and evacuation time, and further gaining rescue time. The isolation room 9, refuge room 10, and rescue room 11 are sequentially connected to form a multi-layered protective structure. A first sealed door 12 is installed between isolation room 9 and refuge room 10, and a second sealed door 13 is installed between refuge room 10 and rescue room 11. This multi-layered protection design can effectively block external polluted air or collapse and other emergencies, and uses an air curtain isolation device to slow down the entry of large amounts of toxic and harmful gases and water into the chamber. The protective door 8 adopts a sliding explosion-proof door structure, including the door body and a sliding mechanism that cooperates with the door body. The opening degree of the sliding mechanism is not less than 1200mm. The door frame is made of integral casting process, and the tensile strength of the material is not less than 600MPa. This design effectively solves the problem that traditional protective doors are easily blocked by steel structures or large objects when pushed outward, and improves the reliability of the protective door. Refuge room 10 includes two functional areas: refuge space 10-1 and storage space 10-2. Refuge space 10-1 is equipped with a drive device and an oxygen supply device to provide a basic survival environment for the refugees. Storage space 10-2 stores food, drinking water, first-aid supplies, medical equipment, fire extinguishers, toolboxes, and other materials to ensure the basic survival needs of refugees awaiting rescue. Rescue room 11 is equipped with a monitoring system, oxygen supply system, cooling system, air purification system, lighting system, communication system, survival support system, and energy storage device. All these systems are electrically connected to the energy storage device to ensure normal operation even during external power outages. The energy storage device has a kinetic energy conversion efficiency of no less than 85% and an energy storage capacity of no less than 72 kWh, capable of providing long-term power support for the life support system. Rescue room 11 is mounted on a self-propelled track system 15 and can move along it. The self-propelled track system 15 includes tracks, an anti-derailment device, and an automatic positioning module. H-shaped steel tracks, model HW200×200, are pre-embedded along the tunnel axis, with track spacing errors controlled within ±5 mm. The anti-derailment device uses a double-row roller guide structure with polyurethane-coated steel core rollers to ensure stability during movement. The automatic positioning module is equipped with laser positioning function, with a positioning accuracy of ±2cm, which can accurately control the position of rescue room 11.The hull of Rescue Chamber 11 is manufactured using double-sided submerged arc welding. The wall panels of each chamber are made of Q550D high-strength steel plate, 12mm thick. Longitudinal welds are manufactured using submerged arc welding with a current of 450A and a voltage of 32V; circumferential welds are manufactured using gas-shielded welding. Rescue Chamber 11 is equipped with an explosion-proof door 11-1. The door frame of Explosion-proof Door 11-1 is manufactured using an integral casting process, with a tensile strength of not less than 600MPa. An airtightness test is conducted during the installation of Explosion-proof Door 11-1, pressurizing to 15kPa and holding for 30 minutes, with a pressure drop not exceeding 0.5kPa to ensure sealing performance. Rescue Chamber 11 has a dual function: during the TBM tunnel excavation phase, it serves as a mobile rescue capsule; after construction, it is structurally converted into a permanent emergency refuge facility. Specifically, Rescue Chamber 11 achieves its structural conversion from a mobile rescue capsule to a permanent emergency refuge facility through an anchoring system and concrete pouring. The anchoring system uses 32mm diameter chemical anchors spaced 600mm x 600mm, embedded in the tunnel sidewalls. Double-layer protective steel plates are installed: an outer 8mm bulletproof steel plate and an inner 6mm stainless steel plate. C40 self-compacting concrete is used for the concrete pouring, with a thickness of 300mm, forming a robust permanent structure. The first sealing door 12 is an electrically operated explosion-proof door with an electric locking force of not less than 5kN, capable of automatic locking in emergencies. The second sealing door 13 is an electrically operated roller shutter door for easy daily operation and maintenance. An air curtain isolation device is installed inside the isolation chamber 9 to effectively block the entry of toxic and harmful gases. The entire system also includes a shared anteroom 3, a smoke-proof stairwell anteroom 5, and a rescue elevator anteroom 7. The net usable area of ​​the shared anteroom 3 is not less than 10 square meters, and the net usable areas of the smoke-proof stairwell anteroom 5 and the rescue elevator anteroom 7 are both not less than 6 square meters, ensuring the safety and effectiveness of the evacuation routes. A fire door (4) is installed in the shared anteroom 3. This fire door is Class A, with a fire resistance rating of not less than 1.50 hours and a clear width of not less than 1.0 meter. The implementation of this rescue capsule is divided into two phases: installation during the TBM tunneling phase and conversion to a permanent refuge. During the TBM tunneling phase, the rescue capsule automatically moves according to the construction progress via a self-propelled track system (15), with a hydraulic buffer mechanism ensuring smooth movement; the buffer stroke is 300 mm. During the permanent refuge conversion phase, the rescue capsule's position is fixed by an anchoring system, concrete is poured to form a permanent structure, and the life support system is tested to ensure all functions are normal. In emergency operations, the system operates in three phases: airtight protection, awaiting rescue, and emergency rescue. During the airtight protection phase, the first sealing door (12) is electrically locked, the air purification system is activated, achieving a PM2.5 purification efficiency of 99.97%, and the temperature control system maintains the internal temperature at 20±2℃. During the aid and support phase, the survival supplies distribution system automatically distributes emergency kits containing a 3-day supply of high-energy food and drinking water, and pop-out medical first aid kits containing hemostasis, oxygen supply, and electrocardiogram monitoring equipment.During the emergency rescue phase, the rescue cabin activates its self-destruct mechanism, generating a hydraulic thrust of 200kN, automatically unfolding the emergency escape passage. This passage features a foldable steel frame structure with an unfolded length of 15m. This invention effectively solves the technical problems of low evacuation efficiency, reliance on manual movement, fragile power systems, poor reliability of protective doors, and separation of construction and permanent facilities in existing technologies. It achieves an organic combination of temporary rescue during construction and permanent emergency shelter, demonstrating significant technological advancement and practical value.

[0037] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of this utility model, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of this utility model and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model. All equivalent transformations or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A mobile rescue capsule combining permanent emergency refuge for TBM tunnel excavation in hydropower stations, characterized in that, include: Fire elevators, rescue elevators, protective doors, isolation rooms, refuge rooms, rescue rooms, first sealed doors, second sealed doors, and self-propelled track systems; The rescue elevator is physically isolated from the fire elevator and is used for the evacuation of trapped personnel; the isolation room, refuge room and rescue room are connected in sequence to form a multi-layered protective structure. A first sealed door is provided between the isolation room and the refuge room, and a second sealed door is provided between the refuge room and the rescue room; The rescue room is mounted on the self-propelled track system and can move along the self-propelled track system; The rescue room has a dual function: it serves as a mobile rescue capsule during the TBM tunnel excavation phase, and after construction is completed, it can be transformed into a permanent emergency refuge facility through structural conversion.

2. The mobile life-saving capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective door is a sliding explosion-proof door, including a door body and a sliding mechanism that cooperates with the door body. The opening degree of the sliding mechanism is not less than 1200mm.

3. The mobile life-saving capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that, The refuge room includes a refuge space and a storage space. The refuge space is equipped with a drive device and an oxygen supply device, and the storage space stores food, drinking water and first aid supplies.

4. The mobile life-saving capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rescue room is equipped with a monitoring system, an oxygen supply system, a cooling system, an air purification system, a lighting system, a communication system, a survival support system, and an energy storage device. The monitoring system, oxygen supply system, cooling system, air purification system, lighting system, communication system, and survival support system are all electrically connected to the energy storage device.

5. The mobile life-saving capsule according to claim 4, characterized in that, The energy storage device has a kinetic energy conversion efficiency of not less than 85% and an energy storage capacity of not less than 72kWh.

6. The mobile life-saving capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that, The self-propelled track system includes a track, an anti-derailment device, and an automatic positioning module. The anti-derailment device adopts a double-row roller guide structure, and the positioning accuracy of the automatic positioning module is ±2cm.

7. The mobile life-saving capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rescue room is manufactured using double-sided submerged arc welding. The rescue room is equipped with an explosion-proof door. The door frame of the explosion-proof door is made using an integral casting process, and the tensile strength of the material is not less than 600MPa.

8. The mobile life-saving capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rescue room achieves a structural transformation from a mobile rescue capsule to a permanent emergency refuge facility through an anchoring system and concrete pouring. The anchoring system uses M16 to M32 anchors with a spacing of 400 to 600 mm, and the concrete pouring uses C40 concrete with a thickness of 200 to 400 mm.

9. The mobile life-saving capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a shared vestibule, a smoke-proof stairwell vestibule, and a rescue elevator vestibule. The net usable area of ​​the shared vestibule is not less than 10 square meters, and the net usable area of ​​the smoke-proof stairwell vestibule and the rescue elevator vestibule is not less than 6 square meters.

10. The mobile life-saving capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first sealed door is an electric explosion-proof door, the second sealed door is an electric roller shutter door, and an air curtain isolation device is installed in the isolation room.

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