Roadway tunneling while-drilling grading dust falling device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a roadway tunneling while-drilling grading dust-falling device which comprises a dust-falling box, a screen, a water supply mechanism, a first spraying mechanism, a second spraying mechanism, a cleaning mechanism, a dust storage box and a controller, the screen is arranged on the inner side of the dust-falling box, and the dust-falling box is divided into a primary dust-falling bin and a secondary dust-falling bin. And an axial flow fan is arranged outside the right side of the dust falling box. The first spraying mechanism comprises two groups of high-pressure nozzles which are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the air inlet cover, and the second spraying mechanism comprises two groups of atomizing nozzles which are symmetrically arranged in the secondary dust settling bin. The cleaning mechanism comprises a scraping plate, a scraping plate seat and a linear driving module, the scraping plate is movably arranged on the scraping plate seat, and one side of the scraping plate is tightly attached to the surface of the screen. According to the dust suppression device, primary dust suppression is carried out on dust near a working face, the concentration of external dust is reduced, large-particle-size dust is settled and filtered through the screen, high-pressure water mist is sprayed to carry out secondary dust suppression on fine dust, the dust suppression efficiency is high, the scraper cleans the screen regularly, and efficient dust suppression is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of dust suppression technology in tunnel excavation, specifically to a graded dust suppression device for tunnel excavation during drilling. Background Technology

[0002] During coal mine tunnel excavation, drilling rigs generate large amounts of high-concentration dust from breaking up rock. This dust rapidly spreads and accumulates in the narrow, enclosed working space, drastically reducing visibility and affecting construction safety, while also posing a serious threat to miners' respiratory systems. Furthermore, suspended coal dust, when it reaches a certain concentration, is highly susceptible to explosion when exposed to open flames or high temperatures, severely threatening mine safety. Therefore, the use of dust suppression devices during tunnel excavation is essential. Existing tunnel dust suppression technologies primarily rely on dust spraying devices to control dust at the tunnel face, which cannot advance synchronously with the tunnel face, resulting in significant delays in dust control. Existing dust suppression devices often employ single-stage filtration, leading to inefficient dust control and an inability to effectively filter and suppress the most harmful fine dust particles. Moreover, the filter structure of existing dust suppression devices is prone to rapid clogging in high-concentration dust environments, requiring frequent manual cleaning and hindering efficient and continuous tunnel construction. Therefore, there is a need for a high-efficiency dust suppression device that can advance with the tunnel and perform multiple filtrations. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to propose a graded dust reduction device for tunnel excavation, which solves the problems of existing technologies that mostly use single-stage filtration devices, resulting in inefficient dust control, inability to filter the most harmful fine dust, easy clogging of the filter screen, frequent manual cleaning, and low dust reduction efficiency in the well.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0005] A graded dust suppression device for tunnel excavation includes a dust suppression box, a screen, a water supply mechanism, a first spray mechanism, a second spray mechanism, a cleaning mechanism, a dust storage box, and a controller. The dust suppression box has a rectangular box structure, and the screen is located in the middle of the inner side of the dust suppression box, dividing the internal space of the dust suppression box into a primary dust suppression chamber on the left and a secondary dust suppression chamber on the right.

[0006] The dust collection box has an air inlet hood on its left side wall that communicates with the primary dust collection chamber, and an axial flow fan is located on its right side. The air inlet of the axial flow fan is connected to the secondary dust collection chamber through a variable diameter pipe, and its air outlet is connected to a flexible air duct.

[0007] The first spraying mechanism includes a first water pipe and a stepper motor. There are two first water pipes, symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the air inlet hood. A set of high-pressure nozzles is provided on the first water pipe. The stepper motor is provided above each first water pipe, and the stepper motor drives the first water pipe to reciprocate.

[0008] The second spraying mechanism includes a second water pipe and a second stepper motor. There are two second water pipes, symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the secondary dust settling chamber. A set of atomizing nozzles is provided on the second water pipe. The second stepper motor is located on the top of the dust settling chamber and drives the second water pipe to rotate back and forth. The water supply mechanism is located on the dust settling chamber and supplies water to the first and second water pipes.

[0009] The cleaning mechanism is arranged adjacent to the left side of the screen and includes a scraper, a scraper seat and a linear drive module. The scraper seat is arranged horizontally in the longitudinal direction, and its front and rear ends are respectively connected to the dust collection box through one of the linear drive modules. The scraper is movably mounted on the scraper seat, with one side of it close to the left side wall of the screen. The two linear drive modules drive the scraper seat to rise and fall.

[0010] The dust collection box is fixed below the dust settling chamber, and its inner side is connected to the primary dust settling chamber. The side wall of the dust collection box is equipped with a sealed door.

[0011] Furthermore, the dust collection box is welded together from a top plate, a bottom plate, and four side plates. The air inlet hood is a conical shell with its constricted end fixedly connected to the left side plate of the dust collection box. An air inlet communicating with the inside of the air inlet hood is provided on the left side plate of the dust collection box.

[0012] The flared end of the reducing pipe is fixedly connected to the right side plate of the dust settling box, and the constricted end is fixedly connected to the axial flow fan. An air outlet communicating with the inside of the reducing pipe is opened on the right side plate of the dust settling box.

[0013] Furthermore, the dust collection box is a rectangular shell with an open top, and its top is fixedly connected to the bottom of the dust settling box as one piece.

[0014] The lower part of the initial dust settling chamber is equipped with a collection hopper, which is a conical shell structure. Its top edge is fixedly and sealed to the side wall of the initial dust settling chamber. The lower end of the collection hopper extends through the bottom plate of the dust settling box and communicates with the interior of the dust storage box. Its outer wall is fixedly and sealed to the bottom plate of the dust settling box.

[0015] Furthermore, the first water pipe is arranged vertically and is rotatably connected to the left side plate of the dust settling box through a bearing seat. Each group of high-pressure nozzles includes multiple high-pressure nozzles arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the first water pipe, and the high-pressure nozzles in the same group have the same direction.

[0016] The upper end of the first water pipe is closed and connected to the output shaft of the first stepper motor via a coupling. The lower end of the first water pipe is equipped with a rotary joint, which is connected to a water outlet pipe of the water supply mechanism.

[0017] Furthermore, the second water pipe is arranged vertically and is rotatably connected to the side wall of the dust settling box through the same bearing seat. Each group of atomizing nozzles includes multiple atomizing nozzles arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the second water pipe, and the directions of each group of atomizing nozzles are opposite.

[0018] The upper end of the second water pipe is closed and connected to the output shaft of the second stepper motor via the same coupling. The lower end of the second water pipe is also equipped with a rotary joint, which is connected to another water outlet pipe of the water supply mechanism.

[0019] Furthermore, the scraper seat is a long strip-shaped shell, and the linear drive module includes a linear guide rail, a guide slider, a lead screw, and a stepper motor. The linear guide rail is vertically fixed to the inner wall of the dust collection box, and the guide slider is vertically slidably disposed on the linear guide rail and fixedly connected to the corresponding end of the scraper seat.

[0020] The lead screw is vertically inserted inside the guide slider and threaded into it. Stepper motor three is installed on the top of the dust collection box, and its output shaft is connected to the upper end of the lead screw. Stepper motor three drives the two lead screws to rotate synchronously and in the same direction.

[0021] Furthermore, the scraper seat includes a strip-shaped bending plate with an L-shaped cross-section, with an end plate fixed at each end of the strip-shaped bending plate, and a round shaft fixed between the two end plates.

[0022] The other side of the scraper is hinged to the round shaft. An arc-shaped elongated hole is provided on the end plate. A pin is fixed at each end of the scraper. Each pin is located in the arc-shaped elongated hole of the adjacent side end plate and slides with the adjacent side end plate. In addition, a torsion spring is provided on the round shaft. The torsion spring makes one side of the scraper stick to the surface of the screen.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial technical effects of this utility model are as follows: This utility model uses the high-pressure nozzle of the first spraying mechanism to spray water mist to perform primary dust suppression on the dust near the working surface, reducing the dust concentration outside the dust suppression box. Large dust particles entering the primary dust suppression chamber are collected at the bottom of the primary dust suppression chamber after settling and filtration by the screen. The first spraying mechanism sprays high-pressure water mist to perform secondary dust suppression on fine dust, resulting in high dust suppression efficiency. The scraper cleans the screen regularly to ensure efficient dust suppression. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a graded dust reduction device for tunnel excavation.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a top view of a graded dust reduction device for tunnel excavation according to this utility model.

[0026] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of part A in the middle.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of the screen, scraper seat and related parts of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0029] Combination Figures 1 to 4 A dust suppression and grading device for tunnel boring machines includes a dust suppression box 1, a screen 2, a water supply mechanism, a first spraying mechanism 3, a second spraying mechanism 4, a cleaning mechanism 5, a dust storage box 6, and a controller. The dust suppression box 1 is a rectangular box structure welded from a top plate 11, a bottom plate 12, and four side plates. The screen 2 is located in the middle of the inner side of the dust suppression box 1, dividing the internal space of the dust suppression box 1 into a primary dust suppression chamber 101 on the left and a secondary dust suppression chamber 102 on the right. The top of the screen 2 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the top plate 11, and its front and rear sides are fixedly connected to the front side wall and rear side plate of the dust suppression box 1, respectively. The bottom of the screen 2 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the bottom plate 12 through a partition 18. The dust suppression and grading device for tunnel boring machines is installed on the frame of the mining machine and moves together with the mining machine during its working and advancing process.

[0030] The dust collection box 6 is a rectangular shell with an open top. It is fixed below the dust settling chamber 1, with its top and bottom integrally connected. The inner side of the dust collection box 6 communicates with the primary dust settling chamber 101, and a sealing door is provided on its side wall. A collection hopper 13 is located at the lower part of the primary dust settling chamber 101. The collection hopper 13 has a conical shell structure, with its top edge fixedly and sealed to the side wall of the primary dust settling chamber 101. The lower end of the collection hopper 13 protrudes through the bottom plate 12 of the dust settling chamber 1 and communicates with the interior of the dust collection box 6. Its outer wall is fixedly and sealed to the bottom plate 12 of the dust settling chamber 1.

[0031] The dust collection box 1 has an air inlet hood 14 on its left side wall that communicates with the primary dust collection chamber 101. The air inlet hood 14 is a conical shell, and its constricted end is fixedly connected to the left side plate 16 of the dust collection box 1. An air inlet is provided on the left side plate 16 of the dust collection box 1 that communicates with the inside of the air inlet hood 14.

[0032] An axial flow fan 7 is installed on the outer right side of the dust settling box 1. The air inlet of the axial flow fan 7 is connected to the secondary dust settling chamber 102 through a reducing pipe 15, and the air outlet of the axial flow fan 7 is connected to a flexible air duct 71, which is connected to the underground ventilation system. Specifically, the flared end of the reducing pipe 15 is fixedly connected to the right side plate of the dust settling box 1, and the constricted end is fixedly connected to the axial flow fan 7. An air outlet communicating with the inner side of the reducing pipe 15 is opened on the right side plate 17 of the dust settling box 1. A drain pipe 19 is provided at the bottom of the secondary dust settling chamber 102. A gravity-type one-way valve is configured on the drain pipe 19. One end of the drain pipe 19 is fixed to the bottom plate 12 of the dust settling box 1 and communicates with the secondary dust settling chamber 102. The water accumulated at the bottom of the secondary dust settling chamber 102 can be discharged to the outside of the dust settling box 1 through the drain pipe 19.

[0033] The water supply mechanism includes an inlet hose 81 and a three-way valve 82. The three-way valve 82 has one inlet end and two outlet ends. One end of the inlet hose 81 is connected to the inlet end of the three-way valve 82, and the other end is connected to a water source. The water source can be a water storage tank installed on the tunneling machine or a water storage tank located in the tunnel.

[0034] The first spraying mechanism 3 includes a first water pipe 31 and a stepper motor 32. There are two first water pipes 31. The first water pipes 31 are arranged vertically and symmetrically on the front and rear sides of the air inlet hood 14. Each first water pipe 31 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the left side plate of the dust settling box 1 through two bearing seats arranged one above the other. The upper end of the first water pipe 31 is closed, and the lower end of the first water pipe 31 is equipped with a rotary joint. The rotary joint at the lower end of the first water pipe 31 is connected to one of the outlet pipes of the three-way valve 82.

[0035] Each first water pipe 31 is equipped with a stepper motor 32 above it. The stepper motor 32 is fixedly installed on the top left side of the dust collection box 1. The output shaft of the stepper motor 32 is connected to the output shaft of the first water pipe 31 through a coupling. The stepper motor 32 drives the first water pipe 31 to reciprocate within a set angle range. A set of high-pressure nozzles 33 is provided on the first water pipe 31. Each set of high-pressure nozzles 33 includes multiple high-pressure nozzles 33 arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the first water pipe 31. The high-pressure nozzles 33 in the same set are oriented in the same direction.

[0036] The second spraying mechanism 4 includes a second water pipe 41 and a second stepper motor 42. There are two second water pipes 41, which are arranged vertically and symmetrically on the front and rear sides of the secondary dust settling chamber 102. The second water pipes 41 are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the dust settling chamber 1 through two bearing seats arranged one above the other. The upper end of the second water pipe 41 is closed, and the second stepper motor 42 is installed above it. The second stepper motor 42 is fixedly installed on the top of the dust settling chamber 1, and its output shaft is connected to the upper end of the second water pipe 41 through the same coupling. The second stepper motor 42 drives the second water pipe 41 to reciprocate within a set angle range.

[0037] In addition, a rotary joint is also installed at the lower end of the second water pipe 41, and the rotary joint at the lower end of the second water pipe 41 is connected to the other outlet end of the three-way valve 82. Each second water pipe 41 is provided with a set of atomizing nozzles 43, and each set of atomizing nozzles 43 includes multiple atomizing nozzles 43 arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the second water pipe 41, with each set of atomizing nozzles 43 facing each other.

[0038] The first water pipe 31 and the second water pipe 41 are both made of stainless steel. The first stepper motor 32, the second stepper motor 42 and the third stepper motor 58 are all powered by the power system of the mining machine. In addition, the signal terminals of each stepper motor are connected to the controller for communication.

[0039] The cleaning mechanism 5 is arranged adjacent to the left side of the screen 2. The cleaning mechanism 5 includes a scraper 51, a scraper seat 52 and a linear drive module. The scraper seat 52 is arranged horizontally in the longitudinal direction. Its front and rear ends are respectively connected to the dust collection box 1 through one of the linear drive modules. The scraper 51 is movably mounted on the scraper seat 52, with one side of it close to the left side wall of the screen 2. The two linear drive modules drive the scraper seat 52 to rise and fall.

[0040] Specifically, the scraper seat 52 is a long, narrow housing. The linear drive module includes a linear guide rail 55, a guide slider 56, a lead screw 57, and a stepper motor 58. The linear guide rail 55 is vertically fixed to the inner wall of the dust collection box 1. The guide slider 56 is vertically slidable on the linear guide rail 55 and is fixedly connected to the corresponding end of the scraper seat 52. The lead screw 57 is vertically inserted inside the guide slider 56 and threadedly engaged with it. The stepper motor 58 is mounted on the top of the dust collection box 1, and its output shaft is connected to the upper end of the lead screw 57. The stepper motor 58 drives the two lead screws 57 to rotate synchronously and in the same direction.

[0041] The scraper seat 52 includes a strip-shaped bent plate with an L-shaped cross-section. An end plate 521 is fixed to each end of the strip-shaped bent plate, and a round shaft 54 ​​is fixed between the two end plates 521. The other side of the scraper 51 is hinged to the round shaft 54. An arc-shaped elongated hole 522 is provided on the end plate 521. A pin 53 is fixed to each end of the scraper 51. Each pin 53 is located in the arc-shaped elongated hole 522 of the adjacent side end plate and slides with the adjacent side end plate 521. In addition, a torsion spring is provided on the round shaft 54. The torsion spring keeps one side of the scraper 51 in close contact with the surface of the screen 2.

[0042] In operation, the tunnel excavation and dust suppression device advances synchronously with the working face. When the axial flow fan 7 is in operation, part of the dust on the working face is eliminated by the water mist sprayed by the first spray mechanism 3. The remaining dust enters the primary dust suppression chamber 101 through the air inlet hood 14. Some of the larger dust particles fall to the surface of the collection hopper 13 for collection, while the other part of the larger dust particles are filtered by the screen 2 and remain on the surface of the screen 2. Fine dust passes through the screen 2 and enters the secondary dust suppression chamber 102. The second spray mechanism 4 sprays water droplets and water mist onto the fine dust entering the secondary dust suppression chamber 102 for dust suppression. The water droplets containing fine dust fall to the lower part of the secondary dust suppression chamber 102 and are discharged through the drain pipe 19. The clean air after dust suppression filtration enters the flexible air duct 71 through the axial flow fan 7. At regular intervals, the linear drive module drives the scraper seat 52 and scraper 51 to move downwards to the lower end of the screen 2 and then back to the initial position, scraping off the dust on the air inlet side wall of the screen 2. The scraped dust enters and exits the dust collection box 6, and the inside of the dust collection box 6 is cleaned periodically.

[0043] The parts not mentioned in this utility model can be achieved by adopting or referencing existing technologies.

[0044] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0045] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0046] Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the present utility model, and the present utility model is not limited to the examples given above. Any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present utility model should also fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A staged dust suppression device for tunnel excavation, characterized in that, It includes a dust settling box, a screen, a water supply mechanism, a first spray mechanism, a second spray mechanism, a cleaning mechanism, a dust storage box, and a controller. The dust settling box has a rectangular box structure, and the screen is located in the middle of the inner side of the dust settling box, dividing the internal space of the dust settling box into a primary dust settling chamber on the left and a secondary dust settling chamber on the right. The dust collection box has an air inlet hood on its left side wall that communicates with the primary dust collection chamber, and an axial flow fan on its right side. The air inlet of the axial flow fan is connected to the secondary dust collection chamber through a variable diameter pipe, and its air outlet is connected to a flexible air duct. The first spraying mechanism includes a first water pipe and a stepper motor. There are two first water pipes, which are symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the air inlet hood. A set of high-pressure nozzles are provided on the first water pipe. The first stepper motor is provided above each first water pipe. The stepper motor drives the first water pipe to rotate back and forth. The second spraying mechanism includes a second water pipe and a second stepper motor. There are two second water pipes, symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the secondary dust settling chamber. A set of atomizing nozzles is provided on the second water pipe. The second stepper motor is located on the top of the dust settling chamber and drives the second water pipe to rotate back and forth. The water supply mechanism is located on the dust settling chamber and supplies water to the first and second water pipes. The cleaning mechanism is arranged adjacent to the left side of the screen and includes a scraper, a scraper seat and a linear drive module. The scraper seat is arranged horizontally in the longitudinal direction, and its front and rear ends are respectively connected to the dust collection box through one of the linear drive modules. The scraper is movably mounted on the scraper seat, with one side of it close to the left side wall of the screen. The two linear drive modules drive the scraper seat to rise and fall. The dust collection box is fixed below the dust settling chamber, and its inner side is connected to the primary dust settling chamber. The side wall of the dust collection box is equipped with a sealed door.

2. The tunnel excavation dust suppression device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dust collection box is welded together from a top plate, a bottom plate, and four side plates. The air inlet hood is a conical shell with its constricted end fixedly connected to the left side plate of the dust collection box. An air inlet communicating with the inside of the air inlet hood is provided on the left side plate of the dust collection box. The flared end of the reducing pipe is fixedly connected to the right side plate of the dust settling box, and the constricted end is fixedly connected to the axial flow fan. An air outlet communicating with the inside of the reducing pipe is opened on the right side plate of the dust settling box.

3. The tunnel excavation dust suppression device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dust collection box is a rectangular shell with an open top, and its top is fixedly connected to the bottom of the dust settling box as one piece; The lower part of the initial dust settling chamber is equipped with a collection hopper, which is a conical shell structure. Its top edge is fixedly and sealed to the side wall of the initial dust settling chamber. The lower end of the collection hopper extends through the bottom plate of the dust settling box and communicates with the interior of the dust storage box. Its outer wall is fixedly and sealed to the bottom plate of the dust settling box.

4. The tunnel excavation dust suppression device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first water pipe is arranged vertically and is rotatably connected to the left side plate of the dust collection box through a bearing seat. Each group of high-pressure nozzles includes multiple high-pressure nozzles arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the first water pipe, and the high-pressure nozzles in the same group have the same direction. The upper end of the first water pipe is closed and connected to the output shaft of the first stepper motor via a coupling. The lower end of the first water pipe is equipped with a rotary joint, which is connected to a water outlet pipe of the water supply mechanism.

5. A staged dust suppression device for tunnel excavation as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The second water pipe is arranged vertically and is rotatably connected to the side wall of the dust settling box through the same bearing seat. Each group of atomizing nozzles includes multiple atomizing nozzles arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the second water pipe, and the directions of each group of atomizing nozzles are opposite. The upper end of the second water pipe is closed and connected to the output shaft of the second stepper motor via the same coupling. The lower end of the second water pipe is also equipped with a rotary joint, which is connected to another water outlet pipe of the water supply mechanism.

6. The tunnel excavation dust suppression device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scraper seat is a long strip-shaped shell. The linear drive module includes a linear guide rail, a guide slider, a lead screw, and a stepper motor. The linear guide rail is vertically fixed to the inner wall of the dust collection box, and the guide slider is vertically slidably mounted on the linear guide rail and fixedly connected to the corresponding end of the scraper seat. The lead screw is vertically inserted inside the guide slider and threaded into it. Stepper motor three is installed on the top of the dust collection box, and its output shaft is connected to the upper end of the lead screw. Stepper motor three drives the two lead screws to rotate synchronously and in the same direction.

7. The tunnel excavation dust suppression and classification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scraper seat includes a strip-shaped bent plate with an L-shaped cross-section, with an end plate fixed at each end of the strip-shaped bent plate and a round shaft fixed between the two end plates; The other side of the scraper is hinged to the round shaft. An arc-shaped elongated hole is provided on the end plate. A pin is fixed at each end of the scraper. Each pin is located in the arc-shaped elongated hole of the adjacent side end plate and slides with the adjacent side end plate. In addition, a torsion spring is provided on the round shaft. The torsion spring makes one side of the scraper stick to the surface of the screen.

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