An extraction device for pectin based on ohmic heating

Abstract

This utility model relates to pectin extraction using ohmic heating technology and automated control technology, belonging to the field of food processing and automation control. Specifically, it is a pectin extraction device based on ohmic heating, which includes a reaction device, a storage and collection device, a pipeline conveying device, auxiliary devices such as pressure gauges and coolers, as well as software programs and hardware circuits. This utility model has a compact structure and simple operation. Through the rational design of the reaction vessel, ohmic heating technology can be applied and the stirring requirements of the processing can be met, realizing the automation of the pectin extraction process. It can precisely control the heating rate and temperature during the pectin extraction process, and can uniformly heat the material in a shorter time, achieving low energy consumption, high efficiency, intelligence, and green energy saving.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the extraction of pectin using ohmic heating technology and automated control technology, and belongs to the field of food processing and automated control. Specifically, it is a pectin extraction device based on ohmic heating. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the main industrial-scale pectin extraction process is acid hydrolysis. In this process, heating and heat preservation are crucial steps affecting extraction efficiency because pectin hydrolysis occurs at this stage. The adequacy of pectin hydrolysis and dissolution within cell tissues directly impacts the final pectin yield and properties. Existing traditional heating methods primarily rely on heat conduction, using equipment such as water baths or oil baths, steam-heated reactors, or electrically heated reactors. These devices suffer from low heat transfer efficiency, slow heating speed, and uneven heat distribution. To improve pectin yield, energy efficiency, shorten production cycles, and reduce economic costs, many researchers have explored novel extraction methods to replace traditional ones, such as microwave extraction, ultrasonic extraction, and enzymatic extraction. While these methods have achieved some success in pectin extraction, they still suffer from low heating efficiency, high energy consumption, uneven heating, and high costs. Therefore, to meet the needs of the domestic pectin market, designing a low-cost, uniformly heated, and easily controllable heating rate and power pectin extraction device is essential.

[0003] Ohmic heating is a processing technique that involves directly introducing materials into a circuit. Utilizing the conductivity and impedance of these materials, the materials impede the flow of current, thus generating heat. This technique offers advantages such as rapid material heating, high thermal energy utilization, controllable heating rate and temperature, and high-quality processed products. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the problems described in the background technology, this utility model proposes to develop an extraction device for pectin based on ohmic heating technology and automatic control technology. Ohmic heating requires a simple structure, needing only a container and electrode plates. Compared to traditional heating methods, this heating method offers a faster heating rate and better heating uniformity. Furthermore, the electroporation effect of ohmic heating on plant cells promotes solvent penetration and accelerates pectin release. Due to the electroporation effect, pectin can still be extracted at a high rate even from materials with larger particle diameters, greatly simplifying the pretreatment steps and reducing the time and economic cost of pectin extraction. Temperature and power control only require adjusting the voltage and duty cycle, offering the advantage of easy control. Therefore, the extraction device for pectin based on ohmic heating can replace traditional heating equipment in acid hydrolysis methods.

[0005] An extraction device for pectin based on ohmic heating includes a mechanical system and a control system. The mechanical system consists of a reaction device, a storage and collection device, a pipeline conveying device, and auxiliary devices such as pressure gauges and coolers. The control system comprises software programs and hardware circuits. The reaction device uses semi-annular electrodes, with a pair of semi-annular electrodes arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder. A 20° arc is left between the two electrodes for installing the nozzle, and the arc angle between the two electrodes is 160°. A stirring device is located in the center of the cylinder. The cylinder is made of ceramic, and the electrodes are bolted to the cylinder. The storage and conveying device is sealed to the pipeline conveying device. The software program includes a frequency conversion drive subroutine, a PID heat preservation subroutine, an NTC temperature measurement subroutine, a stirring device drive subroutine, an OLED LCD display subroutine, and function key subroutines. The hardware circuit includes an ohmic heating frequency conversion circuit, an ohmic heating signal acquisition circuit, and a stirrer drive circuit. The ohmic heating frequency conversion module includes a rectifier, a capacitor filter, an IGBT module, and an IGBT driver board. This module is a key component of the ohmic heating system. Its main function is to output the 220V, 1k-10kHz adjustable high-frequency AC power required for ohmic heating. The signal detection and acquisition module mainly consists of a voltage acquisition circuit, a current acquisition circuit, and an NTC temperature acquisition circuit. It primarily performs real-time detection and acquisition of the current, voltage, and temperature of the ohmic heating component.

[0006] During pectin extraction, the material is added to the storage tank through the feeding port, and then flows through a pipeline conveying device, a diaphragm pump, and into the reaction device through the feed port. The target heating temperature, heating frequency, and internal pressure can be set via the control box on the reaction device. Then, pressing the "Start Stirring" button on the control box activates the microcontroller, which outputs a signal to the geared motor. The geared motor, through a coupling, rotates the stirring shaft, thus starting the stirrer. Pressing the "Start Heating" button again activates the microcontroller, which outputs a signal to the IGBT driver board. The IGBT driver board outputs a corresponding 15V drive signal to drive the IGBT module. The mains power, after rectification and filtering, becomes 311V DC, which is then input to the IGBT module and inverted into AC power at the same frequency as the microcontroller's output, thus regulating the frequency. Simultaneously with heating, the signal acquisition module starts working, detecting signals and transmitting them to the microcontroller. The microcontroller compares the detected signals with the set target parameters and controls the duty cycle based on the comparison result, thereby controlling the heating process. When the predetermined target heating temperature, heating frequency, and internal pressure are displayed on the screen and pressure gauge, heating is stopped after a period of time. The extracted pectin solution is filtered, then conveyed to a cooler, and finally pumped through a diaphragm pump into a collection tank, completing the pectin extraction process.

[0007] This invention features a simple process with low energy consumption, which can significantly reduce the production cost of pectin.

[0008] This invention utilizes ohmic heating technology to place the raw material in an electric field, which facilitates the full extraction of pectin and helps increase the yield of pectin extraction.

[0009] This invention can precisely control the heating rate and temperature during the pectin extraction process, resulting in fast heating speed and good uniformity, which is beneficial for improving pectin yield and physicochemical properties. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram of an ohmic heating-based pectin extraction device.

[0011] Figure 2 This is a diagram of a reaction apparatus for an ohmic heating-based pectin extraction device.

[0012] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a reaction apparatus for an ohmic heating-based pectin extraction device.

[0013] Figure 4 Exploded view of the reaction apparatus of an ohmic heating pectin extraction device.

[0014] The labels in the attached diagram are as follows:

[0015] Figure 1 In the middle: 1-Storage tank, 2-Pipeline conveying device, 3-Pressure gauge, 4-Reaction device, 5-Filter, 6-Cooler, 7-Collection tank, 8-Power diaphragm pump system, 8.1-Output diaphragm pump, 8.2-Input diaphragm pump.

[0016] Figure 3 4.1-Stirring device, 4.1.1-Gear motor, 4.1.2-Frame, 4.1.3-Coupling, 4.1.4-Stirring shaft, 4.1.5-Stirrer, 4.2-Outer shell, 4.3-Container, 4.3.1-Cylinder, 4.3.2-Discharge port, 4.3.3-Inner wall of semi-annular electrode, 4.3.4-Inlet, 4.4-Lid, 4.5-Pressure controller, 4.6-Screen, 4.7 Control box. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model. Example 1

[0018] See appendix Figure 1 To be continued Figure 3As shown, an extraction device for pectin based on ohmic heating includes a storage tank (1), a pipeline conveying device (2), a reaction device (4), a filter (5), a cooler (6), a power diaphragm pump system (8), a pressure gauge (3), and a collection tank (7); the reaction system includes a shell (4.2), a container (4.3), a lid (4.4), a stirring device (4.1), a control box (4.7), a screen (4.6), and a pressure controller (4.5), wherein the stirring device (4.1) includes a geared motor (4.1.1), a frame (4.1.2), a coupling (4.1.3), a stirrer (4.1.5), and a stirring shaft (4.1.4), and the geared motor (4.1.1) is fixed. The device is mounted on the frame (4.1.2) and connected to the stirring shaft (4.1.4) via a coupling (4.1.3). The stirrer (4.1.5) is fixed on the stirring shaft (4.1.4). The control box (4.7), screen (4.6), frame (4.1.2), and pressure controller (4.5) are all fixed on the cover (4.4). The container (4.3) includes a cylinder (4.3.1), a semi-annular electrode inner wall (4.3.3), a feed inlet (4.3.4), and a discharge outlet (4.3.2). The semi-annular electrode inner wall (4.3.3) is fixed to the inner wall of the cylinder (4.3.1). The power diaphragm pump system (8) includes an input diaphragm pump (8.2) and an output diaphragm pump (8.1). Example 2

[0019] See appendix Figure 1 To be continued Figure 3As shown, an extraction device for pectin based on ohmic heating has the following specific working process and principle: When extracting apple pectin, the material is manually added to the storage tank (1), and then the material flows through the pipeline conveying device (2) through the input end diaphragm pump (8.2) and enters the reaction device (4) through the feed port (4.3.4). The target heating temperature, heating frequency and pressure inside the device can be set by adjusting the control box (4.7) on the reaction device (4); then press the "Start Stirring" button on the control box (4.7), and the microcontroller in the control box (4.7) receives the button signal and outputs a signal to the geared motor (4.1.1). The geared motor rotates the stirring shaft (4.1.4) through the coupling (4.1.3), thereby driving the stirrer (4.1.5) to start working; then press the "Start Heating" button on the control box (4.7), and the microcontroller in the control box (4.7) will start working. After receiving the signal, the microcontroller outputs a signal to the IGBT driver board. The IGBT driver board outputs a corresponding 15V drive signal to drive the IGBT module. The mains power is rectified and filtered to become 311V DC power, which is input into the IGBT module and inverted into AC power of the same frequency as the microcontroller output, thus achieving frequency adjustment. At the same time as heating begins, the signal acquisition module starts working, detects the signal and transmits it to the microcontroller. The microcontroller compares the detected signal with the set target parameters and controls the duty cycle to control the heating process based on the comparison result. When the display screen (4.6) and pressure gauge (3) display the predetermined heating target temperature, heating frequency and pressure inside the device, heating stops after a period of time. After being filtered by the filter (6), the pectin enters the cooler (6) through the pipeline conveying device (2), and then enters the collection tank (7) through the collection port via the output diaphragm pump (8.1), thus completing the pectin extraction. This invention features a simple structure, strong practicality, and is easy to promote for large-scale industrial pectin production. The application of ohmic heating technology ensures uniform heating of the material, and the electric field facilitates the extraction of pectin and other contents from the raw material, thus improving pectin yield. This heating technology allows for precise temperature control, which helps improve the physicochemical properties of pectin. The heating process has low energy consumption, high thermal efficiency, and low equipment cost, making it easier to reduce pectin processing and extraction costs. It achieves low energy consumption, high efficiency, and green energy saving, and has broad application prospects.

Claims

1. An extraction device for pectin based on ohmic heating includes a storage tank (1), a pipeline conveying device (2), a reaction device (4), a filter (5), a cooler (6), a power diaphragm pump system (8), a pressure gauge (3), and a collection tank (7); the reaction system includes a shell (4.2), a container (4.3), a lid (4.4), a stirring device (4.1), a control box (4.7), a screen (4.6), and a pressure controller (4.5), wherein the stirring device (4.1) includes a geared motor (4.1.1), a frame (4.1.2), a coupling (4.1.3), a stirrer (4.1.5), and a stirring shaft (4.1.4), and the geared motor (4.1.1) is fixed. The frame (4.1.2) is connected to the stirring shaft (4.1.4) via a coupling (4.1.3). The stirrer (4.1.5) is fixed on the stirring shaft (4.1.4). The control box (4.7), screen (4.6), frame (4.1.2), and pressure controller (4.5) are all fixed on the cover (4.4). The container (4.3) includes a cylinder (4.3.1), a semi-annular electrode inner wall (4.3.3), a feed inlet (4.3.4), and a discharge outlet (4.3.2). The semi-annular electrode inner wall (4.3.3) is fixed to the inner wall of the cylinder (4.3.1). The power diaphragm pump system (8) includes an input diaphragm pump (8.2) and an output diaphragm pump (8.1).

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