An integrated data acquisition terminal for distributed fiber optic sensing monitoring of dam seepage
By using distributed fiber optic sensing technology and multi-parameter integrated design, the problems of installation hazards and limited monitoring range of traditional single-point sensor dam monitoring have been solved, achieving high-sensitivity, long-distance, low-cost, and timely early warning monitoring of dam seepage.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- THE 715TH RES INST OF CHINA SHIPBUILDING IND CORP
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-26
AI Technical Summary
Traditional single-point sensor dam monitoring technology has problems such as installation posing potential risks to the dam structure, inability to perform long-distance monitoring, and inability to detect minute seepage in a timely manner.
It adopts distributed fiber optic sensing and monitoring technology, combined with temperature and humidity sensors, to achieve multi-parameter monitoring through distributed fiber optic sensors and related modules. It supports wireless 4G communication and Beidou positioning, and has a built-in large battery and power management module to achieve high sensitivity, long-distance continuous monitoring and timely early warning.
It achieves drilling-free installation, long-distance continuous monitoring, multi-parameter integration, high-precision and timely early warning, reduces construction and maintenance costs, adapts to complex environments, and has a long equipment life.
Smart Images
Figure CN224286253U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of leakage monitoring technology, specifically a distributed optical fiber sensing monitoring and integrated acquisition terminal for dam leakage. Background Technology
[0002] As vital water conservancy facilities, the safety of dikes directly impacts people's lives and property, as well as the ecological environment. Seepage is a common safety hazard in dikes, and if not addressed promptly, it can lead to serious consequences such as dam failure. Traditional single-point sensor dike monitoring technologies (such as...) Figure 6 As shown, the seepage pressure and leakage flow rate of the dam are collected by seepage sensors and sent to the acquisition terminal via RS485 communication cable, and finally uploaded to the monitoring platform for dam seepage monitoring.
[0003] The concept of distributed fiber optic sensing was first proposed in 1980, with early research focusing on fault detection in the communications field. It is a novel sensing technology that has developed alongside the widespread application of optical fiber and optical fiber communication technologies, specifically optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR). Compared to traditional sensors, fiber optic sensors possess unique advantages such as corrosion resistance, electromagnetic interference resistance, and the ability to integrate information acquisition and transmission. Distributed fiber optic sensing utilizes the inherent properties of optical fibers as the sensing element, hence the name "sensing-type fiber optic sensor." Its most significant advantage is that it can accurately measure stress, temperature, vibration, and damage at any point along the fiber optic cable, and the location of the measurement point can be expressed as a function of the measured quantity and time, thus enabling accurate identification and location of potential hazards.
[0004] Fiber optic sensors use light waves as the signal carrier and optical fiber itself as the transmission medium. They offer rapid response, high sensitivity, and long detection distances. As a silicon-based material, optical fiber exhibits resistance to electromagnetic interference. Its manufacturing process allows for a degree of bending, making it highly adaptable to complex external environments. As a sensor itself, the fiber can detect multiple points, enabling continuous monitoring. It is less expensive than single-point sensors, has lower maintenance costs, is easy to network, and has a lifespan exceeding 30 years.
[0005] Traditional single-point sensor dam monitoring technology has the following drawbacks:
[0006] 1. The layout of single-point sensor monitoring points on dams needs to be determined based on the dam type, dam construction and tailrace methods, and may even require drilling holes in the dam for installation. During the installation process, there may be hidden dangers to the dam structure.
[0007] 2. Single-point sensors cannot perform long-distance monitoring of dams due to their installation method.
[0008] 3. The point-based monitoring method of single-point sensors cannot detect minute seepage in dams in a timely manner. Summary of the Invention
[0009] To address the shortcomings of traditional single-point sensors in dam seepage monitoring projects, this invention provides an integrated acquisition terminal for distributed fiber optic sensing monitoring of dam seepage. It is compact and portable, requires no external power supply, facilitates installation, and is IP68 waterproof. The measurement technology primarily utilizes distributed fiber optic technology and can be combined with multiple sensors such as temperature and humidity sensors to achieve multi-parameter monitoring and acquisition. This enables high sensitivity, high accuracy, long-distance continuous monitoring, multi-parameter integrated monitoring, and long-term low-power operation in dam seepage monitoring projects.
[0010] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: an integrated acquisition terminal for distributed optical fiber sensing monitoring of dam seepage, used for real-time acquisition, preprocessing, storage and transmission of on-site monitoring data, including a data acquisition part, a communication part, an early warning part and a power supply part;
[0011] The data acquisition section consists of a distributed optical fiber sensor and sensor interface conversion module, a signal processing module, and a signal acquisition module.
[0012] The communication component includes a BeiDou positioning module and a 4G communication module, used for wireless communication with the cloud platform and device positioning.
[0013] The early warning system consists of an internal buzzer alarm module and a cloud-based mobile platform.
[0014] The power supply section includes a device power supply battery and a corresponding power management module.
[0015] Preferably, the data acquisition section uses distributed optical fiber sensors deployed on the dam to convert the dam's seepage parameters into optical signals, which are then fed into the photoelectric detection module of the device. These signals are then converted into voltage signals and fed into the next-level signal processing module. The signal processing module first preprocesses the signals in hardware. After the data is initially processed by the hardware circuit, the signal acquisition module performs voltage analog-to-digital conversion and finally converts the analog signal into a digital signal, which is then sent to the main control chip. The main control chip processes the data again and then sends it to the cloud by the communication section for real-time monitoring and location of the dam's seepage.
[0016] Preferably, the signal processing module includes a first-order low-pass filter circuit and an operational amplifier circuit; the analog-to-digital converter chip is 16-bit and the sampling rate can reach 100kHz.
[0017] Preferably, the communication component uses wireless 4G communication for data upload and supports BeiDou communication positioning. In conjunction with wireless 4G communication, the device's data collection time and location can be displayed in real time on the cloud platform.
[0018] Preferably, when the device detects a seepage warning in the dam, the cloud platform first alerts the staff in the monitoring room. The staff in the monitoring room then direct the dam patrol personnel to investigate the seepage. The cloud platform can issue a command to make the buzzer of the corresponding device ring, thereby helping the patrol personnel locate the seepage point in the dam.
[0019] Preferably, the power supply section carries a 27AH large battery, and the circuit design incorporates a power management module and overcharge and over-discharge protection for the battery.
[0020] Preferably, in the circuit design of the power supply section, low-power chips are selected for each module, and a solar charging panel can be additionally installed on the surface of the device to enable charging of the device battery under sufficient sunlight.
[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:
[0022] 1. Small size, wireless signal transmission, easy installation, and can be installed and monitored at any location on the dam with distributed fiber optic deployment, without the need to drill holes and damage the dam.
[0023] 2. It can realize the simultaneous acquisition and transmission of data by multiple units. Combined with the characteristics of distributed optical fiber long-distance continuous monitoring, it can realize the continuous monitoring of multiple dikes over a large area and long distance at the same time.
[0024] 3. While collecting and monitoring the stress and temperature parameters of the optical fiber in real time with high precision, it can also compare them with the external ambient temperature and humidity to achieve timely early warning and location of minor leaks. Attached Figure Description
[0025] Figure 1 This is a hardware functional block diagram of the present invention;
[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of multi-parameter fusion monitoring in this invention;
[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the synchronous data collection and uploading process using multiple devices in this invention.
[0028] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the early warning system in this invention;
[0029] Figure 5 This is a block diagram of the power supply design in this invention;
[0030] Figure 6This is a flowchart of single-point sensor monitoring in the background technology of this invention. Detailed Implementation
[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0032] Example 1
[0033] An integrated data acquisition terminal for distributed fiber optic sensing monitoring of dam seepage, such as Figure 1 As shown, the device comprises four parts: a data acquisition section, a communication section, an early warning section, and a power supply section. The data acquisition section consists of a distributed fiber optic sensor and other sensor interface conversion modules, a signal processing module, and a signal acquisition module; this is the core of the acquisition terminal. The communication section mainly consists of the device's BeiDou positioning module and 4G communication module, which are involved in wireless communication with the cloud platform and device positioning. The early warning section consists of an internal buzzer alarm module working in conjunction with the cloud mobile platform. The power supply section includes the device's power battery and a corresponding power management module.
[0034] The core technology enabling this data acquisition terminal to accurately and promptly capture changes in dam parameters during dam seepage monitoring lies in its data acquisition section. This terminal utilizes distributed fiber optic sensors deployed on the dam to convert seepage parameters into optical signals, which are then transmitted to the photoelectric detection module of the device. These signals are further converted into voltage signals and fed into the next-stage signal processing module. The signal processing module first performs hardware preprocessing to protect subsequent circuits from data instability caused by voltage fluctuations, which could potentially damage the signal acquisition module. This module includes a first-order low-pass filter and an operational amplifier. After initial hardware processing, the signal acquisition module performs analog-to-digital conversion. The device uses a 16-bit analog-to-digital converter chip with a sampling rate of up to 100kHz, enabling high-precision and high-sensitivity reading of temperature and stress parameter changes in the dam's optical fibers. Finally, the analog signal is converted into a digital signal and sent to the main control chip. After further processing by software algorithms, the data is transmitted to the cloud for real-time monitoring and location of dam seepage.
[0035] To achieve high-precision early warning monitoring of dam seepage, this data acquisition terminal implements multi-sensor data acquisition for dam monitoring, integrating interfaces into the device. It can aggregate multiple parameters to a cloud platform, providing hardware support for multi-parameter fusion and judgment in monitoring algorithms. In multi-parameter fusion monitoring, such as... Figure 2As shown, to better compare the temperature and stress changes of optical fibers, the acquisition terminal also integrates the acquisition of ambient temperature and humidity parameters. In addition, the acquisition terminal also has a reserved voltage acquisition port, so that liquid level sensors can also be connected to the device.
[0036] To facilitate equipment setup and support multi-node deployment on the dam, this data acquisition terminal uses wireless 4G communication for data upload. Its biggest advantage is the ability to deploy multiple distributed optical fibers for large-scale, long-distance continuous monitoring of dam seepage. Figure 3 As shown, this also eliminates the need for wired communication cables, saving on construction costs.
[0037] The data acquisition terminal also supports BeiDou communication and positioning. With the help of wireless 4G communication, it can display the device acquisition time and device location in real time on the cloud platform.
[0038] like Figure 4 As shown, when the data acquisition terminal detects a seepage warning in the dam, the cloud platform first alerts the staff in the monitoring room. The staff in the monitoring room then direct the dam patrol personnel to investigate the seepage. Considering the complexity of the situation on site, in order to find the seepage point more quickly, the cloud platform can issue a command to make the buzzer of the corresponding device ring, thereby helping the patrol personnel to locate the seepage point in the dam.
[0039] like Figure 5 As shown, to ensure stable operation for a long time in dam seepage monitoring, this data acquisition terminal is equipped with a 27AH battery. The circuit design incorporates a power management module and overcharge and over-discharge protection for the battery.
[0040] In its circuit design, this data acquisition terminal utilizes low-power chips for each module to minimize power consumption. Therefore, once installed, the device can operate for over a year in low-power mode. Furthermore, a solar charging panel can be installed on the device surface to charge the battery under sufficient sunlight.
[0041] Example 2
[0042] The application of this utility model of distributed optical fiber temperature measurement in core seepage monitoring of dams is based on a temperature sensing demodulation system with weak reflection fiber optic gratings for dam seepage monitoring.
[0043] Distributed fiber optic sensing is a continuous, long-distance, multi-point monitoring technology based on optical fibers. It uses the optical fiber itself as a sensor to measure the scattering, attenuation, or phase change of light as it propagates in the fiber, thereby enabling real-time, distributed measurement of physical quantities such as temperature, strain, vibration, and sound waves.
[0044] A data acquisition terminal is a hardware device used to acquire, preprocess, store, and transmit field monitoring data in real time. It is usually deployed at the front end of the monitoring system (such as near the sensor) and is responsible for converting physical signals (such as temperature, pressure, strain, etc.) into digital signals and uploading them to the data center or cloud platform via wired or wireless means.
[0045] The fiber optic cable of this invention is most commonly installed at the toe of a dam, below a renovated surface seal, or in an existing riser, and the cable largely protects the dam structure.
[0046] This utility model's distributed optical fiber can monitor dams over a distance of more than 30 kilometers. Within its range, it can collect stress and temperature changes at any point on the dam through an integrated acquisition terminal and wirelessly upload them to a cloud monitoring platform, thus achieving continuous monitoring of the dam over a large area and long distance.
[0047] This utility model's distributed optical fiber sensing and monitoring integrated acquisition terminal can monitor the stress and temperature parameters of optical fibers in real time, and can also compare them with the external ambient humidity and temperature to achieve timely early warning and location of minor leaks.
[0048] Although specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these specific embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A dam leakage distributed optical fiber sensing integrated acquisition terminal for real-time acquisition, preprocessing, storage and transmission of field monitoring data, characterized in that, It includes a data acquisition section, a communication section, an early warning section, and a power supply section; The data acquisition section consists of a distributed optical fiber sensor and sensor interface conversion module, a signal processing module, and a signal acquisition module. The communication component includes a BeiDou positioning module and a 4G communication module, used for wireless communication with the cloud platform and device positioning. The early warning system consists of an internal buzzer alarm module and a cloud-based mobile platform. The power supply section includes a device power supply battery and a corresponding power management module.
2. The integrated acquisition terminal for distributed fiber optic sensing monitoring of dam seepage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition section uses distributed optical fiber sensors deployed on the dam to convert the dam's seepage parameters into optical signals, which are then input into the photoelectric detection module of the device. The signal is then converted back into a voltage signal and fed into the next-level signal processing module. The signal processing module first preprocesses the signal in hardware. After the data is initially processed by the hardware circuit, the signal acquisition module performs voltage analog-to-digital conversion and finally converts the analog signal into a digital signal and sends it to the main control chip. The main control chip processes the data again and then sends it to the cloud by the communication section for real-time monitoring and location of dam seepage.
3. The integrated acquisition terminal for distributed fiber optic sensing monitoring of dam seepage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The signal processing module includes a first-order low-pass filter circuit and an operational amplifier circuit; the analog-to-digital converter chip is 16-bit and the sampling rate can reach 100kHz.
4. The integrated acquisition terminal for distributed fiber optic sensing monitoring of dam seepage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication component uses wireless 4G communication for data upload and supports BeiDou communication positioning. In conjunction with wireless 4G communication, it enables real-time display of device data collection time and device location on the cloud platform.
5. The integrated acquisition terminal for distributed fiber optic sensing monitoring of dam seepage according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the equipment detects a seepage warning in the dam, the cloud platform first alerts the staff in the monitoring room. The staff in the monitoring room then direct the dam patrol personnel to investigate the seepage. The cloud platform can issue a command to make the buzzer of the corresponding equipment ring, thereby helping the patrol personnel to locate the seepage point in the dam.
6. The integrated acquisition terminal for distributed fiber optic sensing monitoring of dam seepage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply section carries a 27AH battery. The circuit design incorporates a power management module and overcharge / over-discharge protection for the battery.
7. The integrated acquisition terminal for distributed fiber optic sensing monitoring of dam seepage according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the circuit design of the power supply section, low-power chips are selected for each module. A solar charging panel can be additionally installed on the surface of the device to charge the device's battery under sufficient sunlight.