Manganese oxide abrasive material screening integrated device
By designing an integrated manganese oxide abrasive screening device, the combination of inclined screening plates and arc-shaped guide bars solves the problems of screen hole clogging and material accumulation in traditional equipment, achieving efficient screening and improved finished product particle size, thus optimizing production efficiency and equipment lifespan.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUBEI BOYANG NEW MATERIALS CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
Smart Images

Figure CN224293369U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of manganese oxide production technology, and in particular to an integrated device for screening manganese oxide abrasives. Background Technology
[0002] Manganese oxide abrasives are widely used in machining, electronic materials, and battery industries due to their high hardness and strong chemical stability. In their production, grinding and sieving are crucial steps, directly affecting the particle size uniformity and yield of the product. With increasing market demand for refined and standardized manganese oxide abrasives, traditional separate grinding and sieving equipment, due to its large footprint, high material transfer losses, and low production efficiency, can no longer meet the needs of modern industrial production. Therefore, integrated manganese oxide abrasive sieving devices have emerged.
[0003] Manganese oxide is typically ground using a ball mill before screening. Then, the manganese oxide undergoes a screening process to separate qualified manganese oxide particles. Traditional fixed screens are prone to problems such as screen clogging and material accumulation, especially when processing easily agglomerated materials like manganese oxide. Qualified particles cannot pass through the screen quickly, resulting in low screening efficiency and insufficient screening, which affects the finished product particle size qualification rate. Therefore, this invention proposes a novel solution. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide an integrated manganese oxide abrasive screening device that can solve the problems of screen hole clogging and material accumulation in the screening process of traditional fixed screens. Especially when processing materials such as manganese oxide that are prone to agglomeration, qualified particles cannot pass through the screen quickly, resulting in low screening efficiency and insufficient screening, which affects the qualified particle size of the finished product.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an integrated manganese oxide abrasive screening device, comprising a screening box and a screening component, the screening component being disposed inside the screening box, the screening component including a second fixed frame, the second fixed frame being fixedly connected inside the screening box, a third drive motor being fixedly connected to the lower end of the second fixed frame, a screening plate being fixedly connected to the output end of the third drive motor, and a plurality of arc-shaped manganese oxide guide strips being fixedly connected to the upper surface of the screening plate;
[0006] The inner wall of the screening box is fixedly connected to a screening plate limiting plate, and the screening plate is rotatably connected to the screening plate limiting plate. The outer side of the screening box is fixedly connected to a manganese oxide guide frame, and the inner side of the screening box is fixedly connected to a manganese oxide guide plate.
[0007] The manganese oxide guide frame, manganese oxide guide plate, third drive motor, screening plate, manganese oxide guide strip, screening plate limit plate and second fixed frame are all inclinedly set on the screening box.
[0008] Preferably, the screening assembly further includes a manganese oxide conveying cylinder, which is fixedly connected to the manganese oxide guide frame. A connecting cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper side surface of the manganese oxide conveying cylinder, and the end of the connecting cylinder away from the manganese oxide conveying cylinder is fixedly connected to the screening box.
[0009] A first drive motor is fixedly connected to the lower end of the manganese oxide conveying cylinder, and a first rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the output end of the first drive motor. The first rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the manganese oxide conveying cylinder, and manganese oxide conveying blades are fixedly connected to the surface of the first rotating shaft.
[0010] Preferably, a baffle is provided at the right end of the manganese oxide guide frame, and the baffle is fixed to the manganese oxide guide frame by bolts.
[0011] Preferably, a second drive motor is fixedly connected to the upper end of the screening box, a first fixed frame is fixedly connected inside the screening box, a grinding roller connecting shaft is fixedly connected to the output end of the second drive motor, the upper and lower ends of the grinding roller connecting shaft are rotatably connected to the screening box and the first fixed frame respectively, and a grinding roller is fixedly connected to the surface of the grinding roller connecting shaft.
[0012] The grinding roller has an arc-shaped side, and a grinding cylinder is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the screening box. The inner side of the grinding cylinder is also arc-shaped, and the arc-shaped surfaces of the grinding roller and the grinding cylinder are compatible.
[0013] Preferably, a plurality of first grinding strips are fixedly connected to the inner arc-shaped part of the grinding cylinder, and a plurality of second grinding strips are fixedly connected to the side arc-shaped part of the grinding roller.
[0014] Preferably, the grinding roller is hollow, and a plurality of staggered support rods are fixedly connected inside the grinding roller.
[0015] Preferably, a manganese oxide feed pipe is fixedly connected to the upper end of the screening box, and a manganese oxide discharge pipe is fixedly connected to the lower end of the screening box.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:
[0017] 1. This integrated manganese oxide abrasive screening device features an inclined screening plate that is rotatably connected to a screening plate limiting plate and equipped with arc-shaped manganese oxide guide strips. During the screening process, a third drive motor rotates the screening plate, effectively preventing screen clogging and allowing materials to pass through the screen quickly through centrifugal force and the inclined surface. The manganese oxide guide strips converge the material towards the center of the screening plate, ensuring that all materials can fully participate in screening and effectively preventing material accumulation inside the screening box. This improves screening efficiency and the finished product particle size qualification rate, ensuring the quality of the manganese oxide abrasive. Attached Figure Description
[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated manganese oxide abrasive screening device according to the present invention;
[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the screening box of this utility model;
[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding cylinder of this utility model;
[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding roller of this utility model;
[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the screening plate of this utility model;
[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the second fixing frame of this utility model;
[0025] Figure 7 This utility model Figure 2 Enlarged diagram of point A in the middle.
[0026] Reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Screening box; 2. Manganese oxide guide frame; 3. Manganese oxide conveying cylinder; 4. Connecting cylinder; 5. Manganese oxide feed pipe; 6. Manganese oxide discharge pipe; 7. First drive motor; 8. First rotating shaft; 9. Manganese oxide conveying blade; 10. Baffle; 11. Manganese oxide guide plate; 12. Grinding cylinder; 13. Second drive motor; 14. Grinding roller connecting shaft; 15. First fixed frame; 16. Grinding roller; 17. First grinding strip; 18. Second grinding strip; 19. Third drive motor; 20. Screening plate; 21. Manganese oxide guide strip; 22. Screening plate limiting plate; 23. Support rod; 24. Second fixed frame. Detailed Implementation
[0027] This section will describe in detail the specific embodiments of the present utility model. The preferred embodiments of the present utility model are shown in the accompanying drawings. The purpose of the drawings is to supplement the textual description with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and the overall technical solution of the present utility model, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present utility model.
[0028] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the directional descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicate the directional or positional relationship based on the directional or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.
[0029] In the description of this utility model, terms such as greater than, less than, and exceeding are understood to exclude the stated number, while terms such as above, below, and within are understood to include the stated number. The use of terms like "first" and "second" is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the quantity or sequence of the indicated technical features.
[0030] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "setting," "installation," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.
[0031] Please see Figure 1-7 This utility model provides a technical solution: an integrated manganese oxide abrasive screening device, including a screening box 1 and a screening component. The screening component is disposed inside the screening box 1 and includes a second fixing frame 24, which is fixedly connected inside the screening box 1. A third drive motor 19 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the second fixing frame 24. A screening plate 20 is fixedly connected to the output end of the third drive motor 19. A plurality of arc-shaped manganese oxide guide strips 21 are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the screening plate 20. A screening plate limiting plate 22 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the screening box 1. The screening plate 20 and the screening plate limiting plate 22 are rotatably connected. A manganese oxide guide frame 2 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the screening box 1. A manganese oxide guide plate 11 is fixedly connected to the inside of the screening box 1. The manganese oxide guide frame 2, the manganese oxide guide plate 11, the third drive motor 19, the screening plate 20, the manganese oxide guide strips 21, the screening plate limiting plate 22, and the second fixing frame 24 are all inclinedly arranged on the screening box 1.
[0032] The screening assembly also includes a manganese oxide conveying cylinder 3, which is fixedly connected to the manganese oxide guide frame 2. A connecting cylinder 4 is fixedly connected to the upper side surface of the manganese oxide conveying cylinder 3. The end of the connecting cylinder 4 away from the manganese oxide conveying cylinder 3 is fixedly connected to the screening box 1. A first drive motor 7 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the manganese oxide conveying cylinder 3. A first rotating shaft 8 is fixedly connected to the output end of the first drive motor 7. The first rotating shaft 8 is rotatably connected to the manganese oxide conveying cylinder 3. Manganese oxide conveying blades 9 are fixedly connected to the surface of the first rotating shaft 8.
[0033] A baffle 10 is provided at the right end of the manganese oxide guide frame 2, and the baffle 10 is fixed to the manganese oxide guide frame 2 by bolts.
[0034] A second drive motor 13 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the screening box 1. A first fixed frame 15 is fixedly connected inside the screening box 1. A grinding roller connecting shaft 14 is fixedly connected to the output end of the second drive motor 13. The upper and lower ends of the grinding roller connecting shaft 14 are rotatably connected to the screening box 1 and the first fixed frame 15, respectively. A grinding roller 16 is fixedly connected to the surface of the grinding roller connecting shaft 14. The side of the grinding roller 16 is arc-shaped. A grinding cylinder 12 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the screening box 1. The inner side of the grinding cylinder 12 is arc-shaped. The arc-shaped surfaces of the grinding roller 16 and the grinding cylinder 12 are compatible.
[0035] Multiple first grinding strips 17 are fixedly connected to the inner arc-shaped part of the grinding cylinder 12, and multiple second grinding strips 18 are fixedly connected to the side arc-shaped part of the grinding roller 16.
[0036] The grinding roller 16 is hollow, and multiple staggered support rods 23 are fixedly connected inside the grinding roller 16.
[0037] The upper end of the screening box 1 is fixedly connected to the manganese oxide feed pipe 5, and the lower end of the screening box 1 is fixedly connected to the manganese oxide discharge pipe 6.
[0038] When using this device, before screening manganese oxide, the manganese oxide is ground by a ball mill. A certain amount of steel balls are added to the ball mill and the grinding is carried out for 1-3 hours. Then, the ground manganese oxide raw material enters the device through the manganese oxide feed pipe 5 fixedly connected to the upper end of the screening box 1. The raw material first enters the grinding area formed by the grinding cylinder 12 and the grinding roller 16 to prepare for the subsequent grinding process.
[0039] After the second drive motor 13 starts, it drives the grinding roller connecting shaft 14 to rotate, thereby causing the grinding roller 16 fixed on the shaft to rotate relative to the grinding cylinder 12. Since the upper end of the grinding roller 16 is conical and the side is arc-shaped, and it is compatible with the inner arc-shaped grinding cylinder 12, and the first grinding strip 17 and the second grinding strip 18 are fixedly connected to the arc-shaped surfaces of the two respectively, during the rotation of the grinding roller 16, these grinding strips cooperate with each other to squeeze, shear and grind the manganese oxide raw material that enters the grinding cylinder 12. The grinding roller 16 is hollow and has staggered support rods 23 inside, which reduces weight while ensuring structural strength, and ensures that the grinding process is stable and efficient until the manganese oxide is ground to a certain particle size.
[0040] The ground manganese oxide material falls from the grinding cylinder 12 onto the inclined screening plate 20 inside the screening box 1. The third drive motor 19 drives the screening plate 20 to rotate, and at the same time, multiple arc-shaped manganese oxide guide strips 21 fixed to the upper surface of the screening plate 20 rotate accordingly. On the one hand, the inclined screening plate 20 and the screening plate limiting plate 22 rotate in coordination. During the rotation, the screening plate 20 screens the material. Fine manganese oxide particles that meet the particle size requirements pass through the screen holes of the screening plate 20 and are discharged directly from the manganese oxide discharge pipe 6 fixedly connected to the lower end of the screening box 1, becoming qualified finished products. On the other hand, the rotation of the manganese oxide guide strips 21 can drive the manganese oxide material on the surface of the screening plate 20 to converge towards the center of the screening plate 20, avoiding material accumulation at the edges, ensuring that the screening process is thorough and uniform, and effectively improving the screening efficiency.
[0041] Larger manganese oxide particles that fail to pass through the sieve holes of the sieve plate 20 slide down from the lower end of the sieve plate 20 due to the tilt angle and rotation of the sieve plate 20. The sliding material is guided by the manganese oxide guide plate 11 inclined inside the sieve box 1 and enters the manganese oxide guide frame 2 fixedly connected to the outside of the sieve box 1. The baffle 10 at the right end of the manganese oxide guide frame 2 can prevent the material from overflowing and ensure smooth material conveying. Subsequently, the material enters the manganese oxide conveying cylinder 3 fixed on the manganese oxide guide frame 2.
[0042] In the manganese oxide conveying cylinder 3, the first drive motor 7 drives the first rotating shaft 8 to rotate, and the manganese oxide conveying blades 9 fixed on the surface of the first rotating shaft 8 rotate accordingly, conveying the manganese oxide material back to the screening box 1 along the manganese oxide conveying cylinder 3 and the connecting cylinder 4, returning to the grinding cylinder 12 and the grinding roller 16 for a new round of grinding and screening; this cycle continues until all the manganese oxide material reaches the required particle size, realizing continuous and automated grinding and screening of manganese oxide abrasive.
[0043] Finally, after the device completes the screening operation, the baffle 10 on the right end of the manganese oxide guide frame 2 can be removed; the manganese oxide material remaining inside the manganese oxide guide frame 2 and the manganese oxide conveying cylinder 3 is no longer obstructed and can be easily removed manually, which facilitates the cleaning and maintenance of the device and avoids the residual material affecting the efficiency and quality of the next production operation.
[0044] Furthermore, the screening plate 20 of this device is inclined and rotatably connected to the screening plate limiting plate 22, and is equipped with a manganese oxide guide strip 21 with an arc-shaped surface. During the screening process, the third drive motor 19 drives the screening plate 20 to rotate, which not only effectively prevents the screen holes from clogging, but also allows the material to pass through the screen quickly through the centrifugal force and the inclined surface. The manganese oxide guide strip 21 gathers the material towards the center of the screening plate 20, ensuring that all materials can fully participate in the screening and effectively avoiding the accumulation of materials inside the screening box 1. This improves the screening efficiency and the finished product particle size qualification rate, and ensures the quality of the manganese oxide abrasive.
[0045] The removable baffle 10 set at the right end of the manganese oxide guide frame 2 can be easily removed after the device completes the screening operation, so that the material remaining inside the manganese oxide guide frame 2 and the manganese oxide conveying cylinder 3 can be easily removed. This design simplifies the cleaning process, reduces the risk of equipment failure caused by residual materials, reduces the frequency and cost of maintenance, and extends the service life of the equipment.
[0046] By integrating grinding and screening functions into the same screening box 1, the floor space is significantly reduced compared to traditional separate equipment, and the production layout is optimized. At the same time, the number of material transfer links between different equipment is reduced, further reducing material loss and transmission energy consumption, and improving the overall compactness and space utilization of the production system.
[0047] Structural Description: Screening Box 1: Serves as the main frame of the entire device, providing space for the installation and operation of the internal components;
[0048] The upper manganese oxide feed pipe 5 is used to introduce manganese oxide raw materials, and the lower manganese oxide discharge pipe 6 is used to discharge qualified manganese oxide finished products.
[0049] The second drive motor 13 provides power to drive the grinding roller connecting shaft 14 to rotate, thereby causing the grinding roller 16 to rotate.
[0050] First fixing frame 15: Fixes the lower end of the grinding roller connecting shaft 14 to ensure the stability of the grinding roller 16 when it rotates;
[0051] Grinding roller connecting shaft 14: connects the second drive motor 13 and the grinding roller 16 to transmit power;
[0052] Grinding roller 16: It is hollow and has staggered support rods 23 inside, which reduces weight while ensuring strength; its side arc design is adapted to the grinding cylinder 12, and the second grinding strip 18 on the side arc surface cooperates with the first grinding strip 17 on the inner side of the grinding cylinder 12 to squeeze, shear and grind the manganese oxide raw material.
[0053] Grinding cylinder 12: The inner side is arc-shaped, which is adapted to the arc-shaped surface of grinding roller 16, and the first grinding strip 17 on the inner side participates in the grinding process;
[0054] First grinding strip 17 and second grinding strip 18: Increase the grinding contact area, enhance the grinding effect, and grind the manganese oxide raw material to the required particle size;
[0055] Support rods 23: Located inside the grinding roller 16, they are staggered to enhance the structural strength of the grinding roller 16 and ensure the stability of the grinding process;
[0056] Second fixed frame 24: fixed inside screening box 1, supporting third drive motor 19;
[0057] Third drive motor 19: provides power to drive the screening plate 20 to rotate;
[0058] Screening plate 20: It is inclined and rotatably connected to the screening plate limiting plate 22, and has screen holes on its surface; when rotating, it screens the ground manganese oxide material. Qualified fine particles pass through the screen holes and are discharged from the manganese oxide discharge pipe 6, while larger particles slide off.
[0059] Manganese oxide guide bar 21: It is arc-shaped and fixed on the upper surface of the screening plate 20; when it rotates, it drives the material to converge towards the center of the screening plate 20, avoiding the accumulation of material on the edge, making the screening more thorough and uniform, and improving the screening efficiency.
[0060] Screening plate limiting plate 22: It is fixed to the inner wall of the screening box 1 and is rotatably connected to the screening plate 20. It plays a limiting and supporting role in the rotation of the screening plate 20, ensuring the stable rotation of the screening plate 20.
[0061] Manganese oxide guide frame 2: It is inclined and set on the outside of the screening box 1 to receive larger particles of manganese oxide material that slide down from the screening plate 20. The baffle 10 at its right end can prevent material from overflowing. After the device is completed, the baffle 10 can be removed to facilitate the cleaning of residual material.
[0062] Manganese oxide guide plate 11: It is fixed at an angle inside the screening box 1 to guide the sliding material into the manganese oxide guide frame 2;
[0063] Manganese oxide conveying cylinder 3: Fixed on manganese oxide guide frame 2, the manganese oxide conveying blades 9 inside, driven by the first drive motor 7, convey the material back to the screening box 1 along the conveying cylinder and connecting cylinder 4 for further grinding and screening, so as to realize the recycling of materials.
[0064] Connecting cylinder 4: Connects manganese oxide conveying cylinder 3 and screening box 1, so that the material can smoothly enter the screening box from the conveying cylinder;
[0065] First drive motor 7: provides power to drive the first rotating shaft 8 to rotate;
[0066] First rotating shaft 8: Rotarily connected to manganese oxide conveying cylinder 3, transmitting power to manganese oxide conveying blades 9;
[0067] Manganese oxide conveying blade 9: Fixed to the surface of the first rotating shaft 8, it pushes the material to move inside the manganese oxide conveying cylinder 3 when it rotates, thus completing the material conveying;
[0068] Baffle 10: It is fixed to the right end of manganese oxide guide frame 2 by bolts to prevent material from overflowing during operation. It can be removed after operation to facilitate the cleaning of residual material.
[0069] Manganese oxide feed pipe 5: fixed at the upper end of screening box 1, used to introduce manganese oxide raw material into the device;
[0070] Manganese oxide discharge pipe 6: Fixed at the lower end of screening box 1, used to discharge the qualified manganese oxide product after screening.
[0071] The embodiments of the present utility model have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present utility model.
Claims
1. An integrated manganese oxide abrasive screening device, characterized in that: The screen includes a screening box (1) and a screening assembly. The screening assembly is located inside the screening box (1). The screening assembly includes a second fixed frame (24). The second fixed frame (24) is fixedly connected inside the screening box (1). A third drive motor (19) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the second fixed frame (24). A screening plate (20) is fixedly connected to the output end of the third drive motor (19). A plurality of arc-shaped manganese oxide guide strips (21) are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the screening plate (20). The inner wall of the screening box (1) is fixedly connected to the screening plate limiting plate (22), the screening plate (20) is rotatably connected to the screening plate limiting plate (22), the outer side of the screening box (1) is fixedly connected to the manganese oxide guide frame (2), and the inner side of the screening box (1) is fixedly connected to the manganese oxide guide plate (11). The manganese oxide guide frame (2), manganese oxide guide plate (11), third drive motor (19), screening plate (20), manganese oxide guide strip (21), screening plate limiting plate (22) and second fixed frame (24) are all inclinedly set on the screening box (1).
2. The integrated manganese oxide abrasive screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screening assembly also includes a manganese oxide conveying cylinder (3), which is fixedly connected to the manganese oxide guide frame (2). A connecting cylinder (4) is fixedly connected to the upper side surface of the manganese oxide conveying cylinder (3), and the end of the connecting cylinder (4) away from the manganese oxide conveying cylinder (3) is fixedly connected to the screening box (1). The lower end of the manganese oxide conveying cylinder (3) is fixedly connected to a first drive motor (7), the output end of the first drive motor (7) is fixedly connected to a first rotating shaft (8), the first rotating shaft (8) is rotatably connected to the manganese oxide conveying cylinder (3), and manganese oxide conveying blades (9) are fixedly connected to the surface of the first rotating shaft (8).
3. The integrated manganese oxide abrasive screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A baffle (10) is provided at the right end of the manganese oxide guide frame (2), and the baffle (10) is fixed to the manganese oxide guide frame (2) by bolts.
4. The integrated manganese oxide abrasive screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the screening box (1) is fixedly connected to a second drive motor (13), the inside of the screening box (1) is fixedly connected to a first fixed frame (15), the output end of the second drive motor (13) is fixedly connected to a grinding roller connecting shaft (14), the upper and lower ends of the grinding roller connecting shaft (14) are rotatably connected to the screening box (1) and the first fixed frame (15) respectively, and a grinding roller (16) is fixedly connected to the surface of the grinding roller connecting shaft (14). The side of the grinding roller (16) is arc-shaped, and the inner wall of the screening box (1) is fixedly connected to the grinding cylinder (12). The inner side of the grinding cylinder (12) is arc-shaped, and the arc-shaped surfaces of the grinding roller (16) and the grinding cylinder (12) are compatible.
5. The integrated manganese oxide abrasive screening device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Multiple first grinding strips (17) are fixedly connected to the inner arc-shaped part of the grinding cylinder (12), and multiple second grinding strips (18) are fixedly connected to the side arc surface of the grinding roller (16).
6. The integrated manganese oxide abrasive screening device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The grinding roller (16) is hollow, and a number of staggered support rods (23) are fixedly connected inside the grinding roller (16).
7. The integrated manganese oxide abrasive screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the screening box (1) is fixedly connected to a manganese oxide feed pipe (5), and the lower end of the screening box (1) is fixedly connected to a manganese oxide discharge pipe (6).