temporary support with high front and low back

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of temporary tunneling support of high in front and low in back, including two row supports, telescopic front moving propelling piece, telescopic support assembly and support top beam, each row support includes at least two top beams and at least two joists, top beam and joist are cross arrangement, top beam is arranged in the top of joist, at least two telescopic support assemblies are each provided in the lower side of each row support, the top beam and joist of two row supports are evenly distributed, at least telescopic front moving propelling piece is arranged between adjacent two joists, telescopic front moving propelling piece is used to push or pull two row supports relative front moving, support top beam is connected in the front end of top beam and integrally formed with top beam or can be detachably connected, the front top surface of support top beam is higher than rear top surface and top beam top surface.Support top surface of the front of support top beam is used to support surrounding rock roof, rear top surface of support top beam and top beam will not top pressure surrounding rock roof that has formed permanent support in the process of temporary tunneling support front moving.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel support technology, and more specifically, to a temporary tunneling support that is higher in the front and lower in the back. Background Technology

[0002] When carrying out underground mining operations, such as coal mining, temporary support equipment needs to be set up in the mining face roadway to support the surrounding rock roof of the roadway, protect the safety of construction personnel, and ensure the normal passage and operation of equipment such as tunneling machines.

[0003] Existing support equipment can move forward continuously as the tunneling progresses, providing uninterrupted support to the surrounding rock roof. During tunneling, the tunneling machine is positioned below the support equipment and tunnels forward. Typically, after one or more tunneling passes, a metal mesh must be laid under the newly excavated surrounding rock roof, anchor bolt holes must be drilled, and anchor bolts must be installed. The metal mesh protects the surrounding rock roof, forming permanent support and stabilizing it. This process is called "one tunneling pass and one anchor" or "several tunneling passes and one anchor." This tunneling technique is particularly suitable for relatively soft surrounding rock roofs.

[0004] After the surrounding rock roof in front of the tunnel is laid with metal mesh and anchor bolts and enters a stable state, the temporary support equipment must continue to move forward step by step to support the newly exposed surrounding rock roof as the tunnel continues to be excavated, laid with metal mesh, and anchor bolts are installed. However, since the length of the temporary support equipment is much greater than the tunneling distance of the tunneling machine and the forward movement distance of the temporary support equipment, the rear of the temporary support equipment will pass over and support the surrounding rock roof that has been permanently supported during the forward movement of the temporary support equipment. With each step forward of the temporary support equipment, the top behind it supports the surrounding rock roof once. The surrounding rock roof that has been permanently supported at any position will be subjected to multiple pressures from the temporary support equipment, causing the permanently supported surrounding rock to break and even causing the tunnel to collapse. Utility Model Content

[0005] This utility model innovatively provides a temporary tunneling support with a front-high and rear-low structure. The top surface has a front-high and rear-low structure. The front top surface of the support beam is used to support the surrounding rock roof that has not yet formed permanent support. The rear top surface of the support beam and the beam will not contact the surrounding rock roof. During the forward movement of the temporary tunneling support, it will not press against the surrounding rock roof that has already formed permanent support, but it can still play a role in protecting the workers and equipment below the temporary tunneling support.

[0006] To achieve the aforementioned technical objectives, this utility model discloses a temporary tunneling support with a higher front and lower rear, comprising two rows of supports, a telescopic forward advancing component, a telescopic support assembly, and a support top beam.

[0007] Each of the row-type supports includes at least two top beams and at least two support beams, which are arranged in a crisscross pattern. The top beams are positioned above the support beams. At least two telescopic support assemblies are provided on the lower left and right sides of each row-type support. There is a gap between two rows of supports. The top beams and support beams of two rows of supports are distributed alternately. A telescopic forward-moving propulsion member is provided between at least two adjacent support beams. The telescopic forward-moving propulsion member is used to push or pull the two rows of supports forward relative to each other.

[0008] The supporting top beam is connected to the front end of the top beam. The supporting top beam is integrally formed with the top beam or can be detachably connected. The top surface of the supporting top beam is a stepped surface. The front top surface of the supporting top beam is higher than the rear top surface of the supporting top beam, and the rear top surface of the supporting top beam is not lower than the top surface of the top beam.

[0009] Furthermore, the height difference between the front top surface and the rear top surface of the supporting top beam is 5-50 cm.

[0010] Furthermore, the supporting top beam includes a first horizontal section at the front, a second horizontal section at the rear, and a transition section connecting the first horizontal section and the second horizontal section. The transition section is vertically or inclined relative to the first horizontal section and the second horizontal section.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a tilting beam and a rotation drive mechanism. The tilting beam is hinged to the front end of the supporting top beam, and the rotation drive mechanism drives the tilting beam to rotate relative to the supporting top beam. The rotation range of the tilting beam is: the surface of the tilting beam used to support the roof of the roadway is perpendicular to the front top surface of the supporting top beam, and the surface of the tilting beam used to support the roof of the roadway is not lower than the front top surface of the supporting top beam.

[0012] Furthermore, the rotation drive mechanism is a hydraulic jack, with its front end hinged to the tilting beam and its rear end hinged to the supporting top beam.

[0013] Furthermore, an elastic plate is fixed to the front end of the flipping beam.

[0014] Furthermore, the length of the elastic plate is greater than the length of the flipping beam.

[0015] Furthermore, the rear end of the supporting top beam is sleeved inside or outside the front end of the top beam and fixed by a fixing pin.

[0016] Furthermore, the telescopic support assembly includes one or more telescopic struts that are parallel to each other.

[0017] Furthermore, the telescopic support assembly also includes a bottom support plate, and the bottom of each telescopic column of the telescopic support assembly is fixedly connected to the bottom support plate.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0019] The top surface of this utility model is high in the front and low in the back of the temporary tunneling support. The front top surface of the support beam is used to support the surrounding rock roof that has not yet formed permanent support. The rear top surface of the support beam and the beam will not contact the surrounding rock roof. During the forward movement of the temporary tunneling support, it will not press against the surrounding rock roof that has formed permanent support, but it can still play a role in protecting the workers and equipment under the temporary tunneling support. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a side view of a temporary tunneling support with a higher front and lower rear according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a top view of a temporary tunneling support with a higher front and lower rear according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a side view of a temporary tunneling support with a higher front and lower rear according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the supporting top beam according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] In the picture,

[0025] 1. Row-type support; 11. Top beam; 12. Support beam; 13. Drop block; 2. Telescopic forward propulsion component; 3. Telescopic support assembly; 31. Telescopic column; 4. Supporting top beam; 41. Front top surface; 42. Rear top surface; 43. First horizontal section; 44. Second horizontal section; 45. Transition section; 5. Tilting beam; 6. Rotation drive mechanism; 7. Elastic plate; 8. Fixing pin; 9. Hinge; 10. Metal mesh; 20. Anchor bolt; 30. Surrounding rock roof. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following is a detailed explanation and description of the temporary tunneling support with a higher front and lower rear provided by this utility model, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] This embodiment specifically discloses a temporary tunneling support that is higher at the front and lower at the rear, such as... Figure 1-3 As shown, it includes two row-type support brackets 1, a telescopic forward-moving propulsion component 2, a telescopic support assembly 3, and a support top beam 4. Figure 2As shown, each row-type support 1 includes at least two top beams 11 and at least two supporting beams 12. The top beams 11 and supporting beams 12 are arranged in a crisscross pattern, with the top beams 11 positioned above the supporting beams 12. In this embodiment, the top beams 11 are positioned along the forward movement direction of the row-type support 1, and the supporting beams 12 are positioned perpendicular to the top beams 11. The top beams 11 are positioned along the length direction of the tunnel, and the supporting beams 12 are positioned along the width direction of the tunnel. At least two telescopic support components 3 are provided on the lower left and right sides of each row-type support 1. The telescopic support components 3 on the same side of the temporary tunneling support are arranged front to back, and a distance is maintained between the two telescopic support components 3 on the same side of the same row-type support 1. The telescopic support components 3 can be fixedly connected to the supporting beams 12. The telescopic support components 3 on the left and right sides of the same row-type support 1 are symmetrically arranged to improve the support strength and stability of the row-type support 1. Preferably, one telescopic support component 3 is connected below each supporting beam 12. There is a gap between the two row-type supports 1, such as... Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the shaded area represents one row of support 1, and the unshaded area represents the other row of support 1. The top beams 11 of the two row of support 1 are distributed alternately, and the supporting beams 12 of the two row of support 1 are distributed alternately. At least two adjacent supporting beams 12 are provided with a telescopic forward-moving propulsion component 2. The telescopic forward-moving propulsion component 2 is used to push or pull the two row of support 1 forward relative to each other. The telescopic forward-moving propulsion component 2 is set in the forward direction of the temporary tunneling support, that is, the telescopic forward-moving propulsion component 2 is parallel to the top beam 11. The front end of the telescopic forward-moving propulsion component 2 is fixedly connected to the supporting beam 12 of one row of support 1, and the rear end of the telescopic forward-moving propulsion component 2 is fixedly connected to the supporting beam 12 of the other row of support 1. Figure 2 As shown, a telescopic forward-moving propulsion component 2 is installed between two adjacent support beams 12. Multiple parallel telescopic forward-moving propulsion components 2 can be installed between two adjacent support beams 12, providing a large forward-moving force and relatively stable propulsion. The telescopic forward-moving propulsion component 2 is used to push or pull the two row-type supports 1 to move forward relative to each other. When the telescopic forward-moving propulsion component 2 changes from a retracted state to an extended state, it drives the row-type support 1 connected to its front end to move forward, while the row-type support 1 connected to its rear end remains stationary. After the front end of the telescopic forward-moving propulsion component 2 and the row-type support 1 connected to its front end have moved, they remain stationary. The retraction of the rear end of the telescopic forward-moving propulsion component 2 drives the row-type support 1 connected to its rear end to move forward, thereby realizing the relative forward movement of the two row-type supports 1, providing uniform and uninterrupted support force to the surrounding rock roof 30, which is very safe. When the row-type support 1 moves forward, its lower telescopic support component 3 is in a retracted state, and the bottom of the telescopic support component 3 is lifted off the ground, moving forward with the row-type support 1; the other telescopic support component 3 under the row-type support 1, which remains stationary, is supported on the ground, allowing the top of the row-type support 1 to support the surrounding rock roof 30. Optionally, the telescopic forward-moving propulsion component 2 is a hydraulic jack, providing strong forward propulsion force and a certain degree of support strength.

[0028] The two row-type support brackets 1 can have identical structures, meaning that the number of top beams 11 and support beams 12 in both row-type support brackets 1 are exactly the same; alternatively, the two row-type support brackets 1 can have different structures, with one row-type support bracket 1 having one more top beam 11 and one more support beam 12 than the other row-type support bracket 1. In this embodiment, the two row-type support brackets 1 have identical structures.

[0029] Regarding the fixing method of the top beam 11 and the supporting beam 12, as follows: Figure 1 and 3 As shown, a drop block 13 can be installed between the top beam 11 and the support beam 12. The top beam 11 is fixedly connected to the support beam 12 through the drop block 13. The width of the drop block 13 in the direction perpendicular to the forward movement of the row support 1 is smaller than the width of the top beam 11. The two row supports 1 are relatively independent and can achieve relative movement. At the same time, the drop block 13 helps to reduce the frictional resistance between the two row supports 1 and between the moving row support 1 and the surrounding rock roof 30 when the row supports 1 move relative to each other, which facilitates the adjustment of the relative movement of the two row supports 1.

[0030] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the supporting top beam 4 is connected to the front end of the top beam 11, and the supporting top beam 4 and the top beam 11 are integrally formed (as shown). Figure 1 and 2 (as shown) or detachable connection (such as Figure 3 As shown, the top surface of the supporting beam 4 is a stepped surface, which is a two-step stepped surface. The front top surface 41 of the supporting beam 4 is higher than the rear top surface 42 of the supporting beam 4, and the rear top surface 42 of the supporting beam 4 is not lower than the top surface of the top beam 11. That is, the front top surface 41 of the supporting beam 4 is higher than the top surface of the top beam 11, and the rear top surface 42 of the supporting beam 4 is higher than the top surface of the top beam 11 or is flush with the top surface of the top beam 11. This ensures that when the row support 1 moves forward, the front top surface 41 of the supporting beam 4 can contact and support the surrounding rock roof 30, while the rear top surface 42 of the supporting beam 4 and the top beam 11 will not contact the surrounding rock roof 30. Therefore, they will not press against the surrounding rock roof 30, which has already formed permanent support, thus preventing the surrounding rock roof 30, which is already protected by the metal mesh 10, from being broken. The rear top surface 42 of the supporting beam 4 and the top beam 11 still protect the workers and equipment below them, ensuring the normal progress of tunneling.

[0031] The length ratio of the front top surface 41 to the rear top surface 42 of the supporting top beam 4 is set according to the actual support requirements.

[0032] The method of using the front-high-rear-low temporary tunneling support in this application embodiment is as follows:

[0033] As the tunneling machine advances, the temporary tunneling support moves forward, allowing the front top surface 41 of the supporting beam 4 to support the exposed surrounding rock roof 30 at the front of the roadway. Then, the tunneling machine stops tunneling and quickly anchors this portion of the surrounding rock roof 30 using permanent support methods such as laying metal mesh 10 and installing anchor bolts 20 and pallets. The tunneling machine continues tunneling, and the temporary tunneling support continues to move forward. The front top surface 41 of the supporting beam 4 of the temporary tunneling support steps forward, and the rear top surface 42 and the beam 11 of the supporting beam 4 move to below the anchored surrounding rock roof 30, but do not contact the anchored surrounding rock roof 30 or provide support, thus preventing the permanently supported surrounding rock roof 30 from being crushed by pressure. The rear of the supporting beam 4 and the supporting beam 11 can protect the workers and equipment below them. If the roof of the surrounding rock 30 at the rear is damaged, the rear of the supporting beam 4 and the supporting beam 11 will protect the workers and equipment in the roadway.

[0034] Optionally, the height difference H between the front top surface 41 and the rear top surface 42 of the supporting beam 4 is 5-50 cm, ensuring that the rear top surface 42 does not contact the surrounding rock roof 30 and does not exert pressure on the surrounding rock roof 30, thus avoiding damage to the surrounding rock roof 30. The height difference between the front and rear top surfaces of the supporting beam 4 can be set according to actual needs, for example, greater than the length of the anchor head protruding from the surrounding rock roof 30, ensuring that the rear top surface 42 of the supporting beam 4 and the beam 11 do not exert supporting force on the surrounding rock roof 30.

[0035] In some alternative embodiments, the bottom surface of the supporting top beam 4 may be a plane, and the top surface may be a stepped surface.

[0036] In some alternative embodiments, such as Figure 1 , 3 As shown in Figure 4, the supporting beam 4 includes a first horizontal section 43 at the front, a second horizontal section 44 at the rear, and a transition section 45 connecting the first horizontal section 43 and the second horizontal section 44. The transition section 45 is vertically or inclined relative to the first horizontal section 43 and the second horizontal section 44. The rear end of the second horizontal section 44 is integrally formed with the beam 11 or detachably connected. The top surface of the first horizontal section 43 is higher than the top surface of the second horizontal section 44. The top surface of the first horizontal section 43 serves as the front top surface 41, and the top surface of the second horizontal section 44 serves as the rear top surface 42. In this embodiment, the bottom surface of the supporting beam 4 is also a stepped surface, with the bottom surface of the first horizontal section 43 higher than the bottom surface of the second horizontal section 44. The top of the transition section 45 is connected to the rear end of the first horizontal section 43, and the bottom of the transition section 45 is connected to the front end of the second horizontal section 44. The transition section 45 is vertically arranged, or its bottom is inclined towards the first horizontal section 43, or its bottom is inclined towards the second horizontal section 44. Preferably, the transition section 45 is vertically arranged.

[0037] In some alternative embodiments, such as Figure 1-3As shown, the temporary tunneling support with a higher front and lower rear in this application also includes a tilting beam 5 and a rotation drive mechanism 6. The tilting beam 5 is hinged to the front end of the supporting top beam 4. The rotation drive mechanism 6 drives the tilting beam 5 to rotate relative to the supporting top beam 4. The rotation range of the tilting beam 5 is as follows: the surface of the tilting beam 5 used to support the roof of the roadway surrounding rock 30 is perpendicular to the front top surface 41 of the supporting top beam 4, and the surface of the tilting beam 5 used to support the roof of the roadway surrounding rock 30 is not lower than the front top surface 41 of the supporting top beam 4. The tilting beam 5 can be rotated so that the surface supporting the surrounding rock roof 30 is flush with the front top surface 41 of the supporting beam 4, or the surface supporting the surrounding rock roof 30 is inclined. When the surface of the tilting beam 5 supporting the surrounding rock roof 30 is inclined, its lowest point is flush with the front top surface 41 of the supporting beam 4, and its highest point is slightly higher than the front top surface 41 of the supporting beam 4, thus supporting the surrounding rock roof 30. When it is not necessary to support the surrounding rock roof 30, the tilting beam 5 rotates downward around the hinge point with the supporting beam 4, with a maximum rotation until the surface of the tilting beam 5 supporting the roadway surrounding rock roof 30 is perpendicular to the front top surface 41 of the supporting beam 4. At this time, the overall state of the tilting beam 5 is also vertical, which reduces the volume of the temporary tunneling support. The surface of the tilting beam 5 supporting the roadway surrounding rock roof 30 is usually flat. The addition of the tilting beam 5 increases the support area of ​​the temporary tunneling support for the surrounding rock roof 30. The specific lengths of the tilting beam 5 and the front of the supporting top beam 4 are determined according to the surrounding rock roof 30 that needs to be supported. The front end of the top beam 11 is located in front of the foremost support beam 12, therefore the tilting beam 5 is also located in front of the foremost support beam 12.

[0038] Optionally, the rotation drive mechanism 6 is a hydraulic jack, with its front end hinged to the tilting beam 5 and its rear end hinged to the supporting top beam 4.

[0039] When the bottom surface of the supporting beam 4 is flat, the front end of the rotation drive mechanism 6 can be hinged to the tilting beam 5 via a transition plate. The transition plate is fixed below the rear end of the tilting beam 5, and the bottom end of the transition plate is lower than the bottom surface of the supporting beam 4. The front end of the rotation drive mechanism 6 is hinged to the bottom of the transition plate, and the rear end of the rotation drive mechanism 6 is hinged to the bottom of the supporting beam 4, so that the rotation drive mechanism 6 is tilted and the front end is lower than the rear end, driving the rotation of the tilting beam 5 through its own extension and contraction. Alternatively, the rear end of the rotation drive mechanism 6 is hinged to the supporting beam 4 via a transition plate, and the transition plate is fixed to the bottom surface of the supporting beam 4, with the bottom surface of the transition plate lower than the bottom surface of the tilting beam 5. The rear end of the rotation drive mechanism 6 is hinged to the bottom end of the transition plate, and the front end of the rotation drive mechanism 6 is hinged to the tilting beam 5, so that the rotation drive mechanism 6 is tilted and the front end is higher than the rear end, driving the rotation of the tilting beam 5 through its own extension and contraction.

[0040] When the bottom surface of the supporting beam 4 is stepped and the bottom surface of the first horizontal section 43 is higher than the bottom surface of the second horizontal section 44, the front end of the rotation drive mechanism 6 is hinged to the tilting beam 5, and the rear end of the rotation drive mechanism 6 is hinged to the bottom of the transition section 45. Specifically, the front end of the rotation drive mechanism 6 is hinged to the rear end of the tilting beam 5 via a hinge 9. The connection point between the rotation drive mechanism 6 and the tilting beam 5 is located below the connection point between the tilting beam 5 and the supporting beam 4. The rear end of the rotation drive mechanism 6 is connected to the bottom end of the transition section 45 via a hinge 9. The hinge 9 can be a pin. The rear end of the tilting beam 5, the front and rear ends of the rotation drive mechanism 6, and the front and bottom of the supporting beam 4 are provided with shaft holes for the pin to pass through. The rear end of the tilting beam 5 is provided with two shaft holes arranged vertically. After aligning the shaft hole at the upper rear end of the tilting beam 5 with the shaft hole at the front end of the supporting top beam 4, a pin is inserted to achieve hinged connection between the tilting beam 5 and the supporting top beam 4. After aligning the shaft hole at the lower rear end of the tilting beam 5 with the shaft hole at the front end of the rotary drive mechanism 6, a pin is inserted to achieve hinged connection between the tilting beam 5 and the rotary drive mechanism 6. After aligning the shaft hole at the rear end of the rotary drive mechanism 6 with the shaft hole at the bottom of the supporting top beam 4, a pin is inserted to achieve hinged connection between the rotary drive mechanism 6 and the supporting top beam 4. The shaft hole at the bottom of the supporting top beam 4 can be located at the bottom of the transition section 45. When the rotary drive mechanism 6 retracts, the tilting beam 5 rotates downwards along the extended line of the supporting top beam 4. When the rotary drive mechanism 6 extends, the tilting beam 5 rotates upwards, up to the point where the surface of the tilting beam 5 used to support the roof of the roadway surrounding rock 30 is flush with or slightly higher than the top surface of the first horizontal section 43, thus supporting the roof of the roadway surrounding rock 30.

[0041] In some alternative embodiments, such as Figure 1-3 As shown, an elastic plate 7 is fixed to the front end of the tilting beam 5. The elastic plate 7 can be a spring plate or an elastic steel plate to increase the front support area. The top surface of the elastic plate 7 and the top surface of the tilting beam 5 can be on the same plane. The elastic plate 7 rotates with the tilting beam 5, supporting the front rock roof 30 as needed. The elasticity of the elastic plate 7 allows its supporting force on the rock roof 30 to be adjusted. When the rock roof 30 is relatively broken, the elastic plate 7 only needs to lightly contact the rock roof 30. When the rock roof 30 is relatively intact, the elastic plate 7 can press the rock roof 30 tightly. The above effect can be achieved by adjusting the rotation angle of the tilting beam 5. When the rock roof 30 is relatively broken, the elastic plate 7 gently supports the fragile rock roof 30 that has not yet formed permanent support, preventing the rock roof 30 from being broken by the support and allowing the rock roof 30 to complete permanent support as soon as possible.

[0042] Optionally, the length of the elastic plate 7 is greater than the length of the tilting beam 5. The elastic plate 7 plays a major supporting role at the front end and can adjust the supporting force on the surrounding rock roof 30 according to the properties of the surrounding rock roof 30. The length in this application refers to the length along the length of the roadway when supporting the surrounding rock roof 30, and the length of the elastic plate 7 is set according to the actual support needs.

[0043] The length of the front part (i.e., the first horizontal section 43) of the elastic plate 7, the overturning beam 5, and the supporting top beam 4 can be adjusted according to the characteristics of the roadway. If the roadway surrounding rock roof 30 is relatively firm and intact, the length of the front part (first horizontal section 43) of the elastic plate 7, the overturning beam 5, and the supporting top beam 4 can be relatively long; if the roadway surrounding rock roof 30 is relatively soft and broken, the length of the front part (first horizontal section 43) of the elastic plate 7, the overturning beam 5, and the supporting top beam 4 can be relatively short. The length of each anchoring operation is relatively short so as to form permanent support for the exposed surrounding rock roof 30 as early as possible.

[0044] In some alternative embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the rear end of the supporting beam 4 is sleeved inside or outside the front end of the top beam 11 and fixed by the fixing pin 8, realizing a detachable connection between the supporting beam 4 and the top beam 11, which facilitates the installation and removal of the supporting beam 4. When the supporting beam 4 is not needed, such as in a relatively stable tunnel, the supporting beam 4 can be removed from the top beam 11, and the tilting beam 5 can be directly installed on the top beam 11 for support.

[0045] In some optional embodiments, the telescopic support assembly 3 includes one or more telescopic struts 31 that are parallel to each other. When the telescopic support assembly 3 includes multiple telescopic struts 31 that are parallel to each other, the support strength of the temporary tunneling support is improved.

[0046] Furthermore, the telescopic support assembly 3 also includes a bottom support plate (not shown in the figure). The bottom of the telescopic support column 31 of the telescopic support assembly 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom support plate. The bottom support plate connects all the telescopic support columns 31 of the same telescopic support assembly 3 together, and they can extend and retract at the same time, which is convenient for control. In addition, the bottom support plate increases the contact area between the telescopic support assembly 3 and the ground, preventing the telescopic support column 31 with a smaller contact area with the ground from sinking into the ground.

[0047] Optionally, the telescopic support 31 is a hydraulic jack, which is easy to operate and provides high support strength.

[0048] The method of using the front-high-rear-low temporary tunneling support of this application is as follows:

[0049] First, rotate the tilting beam 5 and the elastic plate 7 until their top surfaces are flush with or slightly higher than the front top surface 41 of the supporting beam 4, so that they can support the newly exposed surrounding rock roof 30. The temporary tunneling support moves forward with the tunneling machine, so that the elastic plate 7, the tilting beam 5 and the front top surface 41 of the supporting beam 4 support the newly exposed surrounding rock roof 30 at the front end of the roadway. Then, the tunneling machine stops tunneling and quickly anchors this part of the surrounding rock roof 30 using permanent support methods such as laying metal mesh 10 and installing anchor bolts 20 and pallets. The tunneling machine continues tunneling, and the temporary tunneling support continues to move forward. The elastic plate 7, the tilting beam 5, and the front part (first horizontal section 43) of the supporting top beam 4 at the front of the temporary tunneling support step forward. The rear top surface 42 and the top beam 11 of the supporting top beam 4 move to below the anchored surrounding rock roof 30, but do not contact the anchored surrounding rock roof 30 and do not provide support, thus preventing the surrounding rock roof 30, which has formed permanent support, from being crushed by the pressure. The rear part (second horizontal section 44) of the supporting top beam 4 and the top beam 11 can protect the personnel and equipment below them. If the rear surrounding rock roof 30 has a problem, the rear part of the supporting top beam 4 and the top beam 11 will protect the personnel and equipment in the tunnel.

[0050] When the integrity of the surrounding rock roof 30 is good or the roadway height is low, which affects the equipment's passability, the supporting roof beam 4 can be disassembled and the flip beam 5 can be directly installed at the front end of the roof beam 11 to achieve the tunneling process of a roadway with good integrity.

[0051] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0052] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0053] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "this embodiment," "an embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any at least one embodiment or example. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0054] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0055] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and simple improvements made on the substantive content of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A temporary tunneling support with a higher front and lower rear, characterized in that, It includes two rows of support brackets (1), a telescopic forward thruster (2), a telescopic support assembly (3), and a support top beam (4). Each of the row-type supports (1) includes at least two top beams (11) and at least two support beams (12), the top beams (11) and the support beams (12) are arranged in a cross pattern, the top beams (11) are located above the support beams (12), and at least two telescopic support components (3) are provided on the lower left and right sides of each row-type support (1). There is a gap between the two row-type supports (1), the top beams (11) of the two row-type supports (1) are distributed alternately, the support beams (12) of the two row-type supports (1) are distributed alternately, and a telescopic forward-moving propulsion member (2) is provided between at least two adjacent support beams (12). The telescopic forward-moving propulsion member (2) is used to push or pull the two row-type supports (1) to move forward relative to each other. The supporting top beam (4) is connected to the front end of the top beam (11). The supporting top beam (4) and the top beam (11) are integrally formed or detachably connected. The top surface of the supporting top beam (4) is a stepped surface. The front top surface (41) of the supporting top beam (4) is higher than the rear top surface (42) of the supporting top beam (4). The rear top surface (42) of the supporting top beam (4) is not lower than the top surface of the top beam (11).

2. The temporary tunneling support with a higher front and lower rear as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The height difference between the front top surface (41) and the rear top surface (42) of the supporting top beam (4) is 5-50 cm.

3. The temporary tunneling support with a higher front and lower rear according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supporting top beam (4) includes a first horizontal section (43) at the front, a second horizontal section (44) at the rear, and a transition section (45) connecting the first horizontal section (43) and the second horizontal section (44). The transition section (45) is vertically or inclined relative to the first horizontal section (43) and the second horizontal section (44).

4. The temporary tunneling support with a higher front and lower rear according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a tilting beam (5) and a rotation drive mechanism (6). The tilting beam (5) is hinged to the front end of the supporting top beam (4). The rotation drive mechanism (6) drives the tilting beam (5) to rotate relative to the supporting top beam (4). The rotation range of the tilting beam (5) is: the surface of the tilting beam (5) used to support the roadway surrounding rock roof (30) is perpendicular to the front top surface (41) of the supporting top beam (4) to the surface of the tilting beam (5) used to support the roadway surrounding rock roof (30) is not lower than the front top surface (41) of the supporting top beam (4).

5. The temporary tunneling support with a higher front and lower rear according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rotation drive mechanism (6) is a hydraulic jack. The front end of the rotation drive mechanism (6) is hinged to the tilting beam (5), and the rear end of the rotation drive mechanism (6) is hinged to the supporting top beam (4).

6. The temporary tunneling support with a higher front and lower rear according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, An elastic plate (7) is fixed to the front end of the flip beam (5).

7. The temporary tunneling support with a higher front and lower rear according to claim 6, characterized in that, The length of the elastic plate (7) is greater than the length of the flip beam (5).

8. The temporary tunneling support with a higher front and lower rear according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rear end of the supporting top beam (4) is sleeved inside or outside the front end of the top beam (11) and fixed by a fixing pin (8).

9. The temporary tunneling support with a higher front and lower rear according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic support assembly (3) includes one or more telescopic struts (31) that are parallel to each other.

10. The temporary tunneling support with a higher front and lower rear according to claim 9, characterized in that, The telescopic support assembly (3) also includes a bottom support plate, and the bottom of the telescopic support column (31) of the telescopic support assembly (3) is fixedly connected to the bottom support plate.

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