An explosion-proof self-adaptive pressure relief protection device for thermal runaway of lithium batteries

Abstract

This utility model discloses an adaptive pressure relief protection device for preventing thermal runaway of lithium batteries, comprising a housing and a cover. A pressure relief turbine flame arrester and a filter are installed inside the pressure relief port. The pressure relief turbine flame arrester includes an outlet cover, a turbine interception cylinder, and an inlet cylinder. The bottom of the interception cylinder of the turbine interception cylinder is a bottom plate A, with an inlet hole A at its center. The bottom of the inlet cylinder has a bottom plate B. A sleeve and a telescopic rod located within the sleeve are fixedly installed through the center of the outlet cover. A movable valve is fixed to the end of the telescopic rod. A spring is fixed to the center of the inner side of the bottom plate B, with the end of the spring passing through the inlet hole A and connected to the movable valve. This utility model intercepts and deposits detonation particles at the bottom of the interception cylinder for centralized processing. Gas is discharged through various outlet holes. The pressure relief turbine flame arrester and the explosion wave energy absorption component jointly suppress flame spread and alleviate explosion pressure, ensuring cabin safety. It is suitable for emergency response scenarios involving aviation lithium batteries.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of aviation safety protection equipment technology, and in particular to an anti-detonation adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread use of lithium batteries in electronic devices, fires and explosions caused by thermal runaway in aircraft cabins are frequent. In the event of a fire or explosion caused by thermal runaway of a lithium battery or lithium-ion battery-containing electronic device, a protective enclosure is typically used for isolation, fire suppression, and explosion protection. The flames of a lithium battery or lithium-ion battery-containing electronic device burning within the protective enclosure can spread erratically, and an explosion can generate an blast wave, creating a high-pressure internal environment. Existing protective enclosures generally have pressure relief vents to release pressure and blast wave energy. However, the localized combustion and explosion of a lithium battery or lithium-ion battery-containing electronic device can produce detonation particles containing toxic particulate matter, such as toxic metal particles like cobalt, nickel, manganese, cadmium, lead, mercury, and lithium. Meanwhile, when lithium batteries or lithium-ion battery-containing electronic devices burn inside protective bags or boxes, the flames can spread wildly within. If not extinguished promptly, this can increase the fire's intensity or pose a greater risk. Chinese patent CN106621127A discloses a fire-resistant and explosion-proof emergency response box. The box has a three-layer structure: an outer layer of brushed aluminum alloy, a middle layer of flexible foam, and an inner layer of alumina. It is equipped with a filter-type exhaust port, which discharges smoke through a metal protective mesh or filter box. However, this cannot effectively prevent the spread of flames, and high-temperature flames may leak out during an explosion, leading to a secondary disaster risk. Existing protective boxes lack explosion-proof pressure relief and flame arresting devices at their pressure relief or exhaust ports. These toxic explosion particles can be discharged through the pressure relief ports, causing personal injury to workers and passengers outside. At the same time, the flames spread wildly within the protective box, increasing the difficulty of fire extinguishing and potentially releasing into external areas through the pressure relief or exhaust ports, causing harm. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an anti-detonation adaptive pressure relief protection device for thermal runaway of lithium batteries. The explosive gas flow is divided and extinguished through the air inlet B of the air inlet cylinder, and then divided and absorbed by the shock wave effect generated by the explosion by various explosion wave energy absorption components in the air inlet cylinder. Then the explosive gas flow enters the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder through the air inlet A for the interception of detonation particles. The detonation particles are deposited on the bottom circumference of the interception cylinder cavity for easy centralized treatment, and the gas is discharged through various outlet holes.

[0004] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] An adaptive pressure relief protection device for preventing thermal runaway of lithium batteries includes a housing and a flip-up sealing cover fitted onto the housing. The cover and / or the housing are provided with a pressure relief port. A pressure relief turbine flame arrester and a filter located outside the pressure relief turbine flame arrester are installed inside the pressure relief port. The pressure relief turbine flame arrester includes an exhaust cover plate, a turbine interception cylinder, and an air inlet cylinder. The turbine interception cylinder has an interception cavity for intercepting and storing detonation particles. The bottom of the interception cavity of the turbine interception cylinder is a bottom plate A, and an air inlet A is opened in the center of the bottom plate A. The exhaust cover is fitted onto the top of the turbine interceptor cylinder, and the intake cylinder is connected and fixed to the bottom of the turbine interceptor cylinder. The bottom of the intake cylinder has a bottom plate B, and a sleeve is fixedly installed through the center of the exhaust cover. A telescopic rod is installed in the sleeve, and a movable valve that moves up and down inside the turbine interceptor cylinder is fixed at the end of the telescopic rod. A spring is fixed at the center of the inner side of the bottom plate B, and the end of the spring passes through the intake hole A and is connected and fixed to the movable valve. The bottom plate B has several intake holes B, and the exhaust cover has several exhaust holes.

[0006] To better realize this utility model, an explosion wave energy-absorbing component is installed on the inner wall of the box. The explosion wave energy-absorbing component is a wave-shaped continuous combination energy-absorbing component or a raised single energy-absorbing component. The explosion wave energy-absorbing component has an arc-shaped surface and a sound-absorbing energy-absorbing cavity located inside the arc-shaped surface. The arc-shaped surface of the explosion wave energy-absorbing component has several quenching holes. The sound-absorbing energy-absorbing cavity of the explosion wave energy-absorbing component is filled with sound-absorbing and flame-retardant energy-absorbing material.

[0007] Preferably, the bottom plate A of the cylinder is fixed with a turbine blade assembly located in the interception cylinder cavity. The turbine blade assembly is composed of a number of turbine arc-shaped blades, and all the turbine arc-shaped blades of the turbine blade assembly are circumferentially distributed around the air inlet A.

[0008] Preferably, the turbine arc blade is generally arc-shaped, the height of the turbine arc blade is half the height of the interception cavity of the turbine interception cylinder, all the turbine arc blades of the turbine blade assembly have the same arc orientation, and all the turbine arc blades of the turbine blade assembly are used to guide clockwise or counterclockwise airflow.

[0009] Preferably, the top opening of the box has a sealing edge A, and the box cover has a sealing edge B that cooperates with the sealing edge A for sealing. The sealing contact surface of the sealing edge A has an annular sealing groove, and the sealing contact surface of the sealing edge B has a sealing protrusion that cooperates with the sealing groove for sealing. The sealing groove is filled with sealing rubber and / or high-temperature resistant foam material. The box cover is provided with a tempered glass observation window.

[0010] Preferably, the box body and / or lid are both made of double-layer box panels, which consist of a supporting structure layer and a composite heat insulation buffer layer. The supporting structure layer is made of high-strength aluminum, lightweight metal, or carbon fiber composite material and coated with a high-temperature resistant coating on the outside. The thickness of the supporting structure layer is 1-3 mm. The composite heat insulation buffer layer includes an impact-resistant layer and a heat insulation layer. The impact-resistant layer of the composite heat insulation buffer layer is located inside the supporting structure layer. The impact-resistant layer has a thickness of 5-30 mm, a density of 80-200 kg / m³, and is made of one or more of polyimide foam, ceramic foam, or silicone foam. The heat insulation layer has a thickness of 5-30 mm, a density of 50-400 kg / m³, and is made of one or more of high-silica fiber, ceramic fiber, aluminum silicate fiber felt, or aerogel composite material.

[0011] Preferably, a high-temperature resistant coating with a temperature resistance of not less than 1000℃ is provided between the inner side of the supporting structure layer and the impact-resistant layer of the composite heat insulation buffer layer, and a flame-retardant layer is provided on the inner side of the heat insulation layer of the composite heat insulation buffer layer, the flame-retardant layer being made of ceramic fiber cloth with a temperature resistance of not less than 800℃.

[0012] Preferably, the top edge of the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder has an outwardly flared ear plate A, and the ear plate A of the turbine interception cylinder is fixed to the exhaust cover plate by screws; a sealing gasket is also installed between the ear plate A and the exhaust cover plate, and the sleeve passes through the sealing gasket accordingly.

[0013] Preferably, the top opening of the air intake cylinder has an outwardly flared lug plate B, and the lug plate B of the air intake cylinder is fixed to the bottom plate A of the turbine interceptor cylinder by screws.

[0014] Preferably, the vent cover consists of several layers of circular vent assemblies from the outside to the inside, with each layer of vent assemblies having several vent holes arranged circumferentially on the vent cover; a metal latch is also installed between the lid and the body to securely lock the lid and the body together, and handles are fixedly provided on opposite sides of the body.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0016] (1) This utility model has a pressure relief turbine flame arrester installed at the pressure relief port or exhaust port, which provides a solution for fire extinguishing, pressure relief and interception of detonation particles for combustion and explosion caused by thermal runaway of lithium batteries or lithium battery-containing electronic devices in explosion-proof protective boxes. The explosion gas flow is divided and extinguished through the air inlet B of the air inlet cylinder, and then divided and absorbed by the shock wave effect generated by the explosion by each explosion wave energy absorption component in the air inlet cylinder; then the explosion gas flow enters the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder through the air inlet A for detonation particle interception treatment. The detonation particles are deposited on the bottom circumference of the interception cylinder cavity for easy centralized treatment, and the gas is discharged through each air outlet.

[0017] (2) This utility model can be used for both pre-emptive protection of items that have not experienced thermal runaway and post-emptive protection of items that have experienced thermal runaway. The items are placed in the box and the air is isolated for fire extinguishing, or fire extinguishing materials are placed inside the box before the items are placed for fire extinguishing. During the handling of items that have experienced thermal runaway, there will be no splashing of molten metal, flames or toxic substances, which effectively reduces the hazards of lithium battery thermal runaway accidents.

[0018] (3) The turbine interception cylinder of this utility model is equipped with a turbine blade assembly consisting of turbine arc blades that guide the airflow in various spirals. The detonation particles are first blocked and intercepted by each turbine arc blade and guided to the bottom circumference of the interception cylinder cavity. The air outlet only releases air, which also serves to block the detonation particles.

[0019] (4) The explosive airflow of this utility model enters through the air inlet B arranged on the outer side of the air inlet cylinder, and then enters the turbine interception cylinder through the air inlet A located in the center. Then, each turbine arc blade guides and intercepts the detonation particles in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction. Finally, it is discharged through the air outlet arranged in a circle on the air outlet cover plate. The flow path of the explosive airflow inside this utility model is planned and designed layer by layer, so as to achieve the functions of depressurization, fire extinguishing, energy absorption and interception of detonation particles in a step-by-step manner, and the protection effect is significantly improved.

[0020] (5) This utility model achieves the purpose of adaptive pressure relief, energy absorption and layer-by-layer interception of particles in the event of an explosion through components such as movable valves and springs; the movable valve normally closes the air inlet A under the action of spring force. When the lithium battery or lithium battery-containing electronic equipment inside the explosion-proof protective box causes combustion and explosion due to thermal runaway, the explosion airflow enters from the air inlet cylinder and impacts the movable valve. The movable valve moves upward and pushes the telescopic rod to contract within the sleeve. The movable valve no longer closes the air inlet A, and the air inlet A is opened. The movable valve plays the role of adaptive pressure relief and exhaust.

[0021] (6) This utility model improves the explosion resistance by using double-layer box plates, suppresses the flame spread and diverts the explosion pressure by using a pressure relief turbine flame arrester and an explosion wave energy absorption component, and combines the advantages of foam energy absorption and fiber heat insulation by using a composite heat insulation buffer layer to resist the explosion impact and high temperature conduction, thus ensuring cabin safety. It is applicable to various emergency response scenarios for aviation lithium batteries. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the explosion-proof adaptive pressure relief protection device in the embodiment;

[0023] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A structural diagram with the box lid removed;

[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial sectional view of the structure;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the layer layout of the preferred composite thermal insulation buffer layer in the embodiment;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pressure relief turbine flame arrester assembly in the embodiment;

[0027] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the structure after the central valve closes the air inlet port A;

[0028] Figure 7 for Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the structure after the central valve opens the air inlet port A;

[0029] Figure 8 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure after removing the vent cover;

[0030] Figure 9 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the turbine interceptor cylinder;

[0031] Figure 10 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the middle air intake.

[0032] The names corresponding to the reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows:

[0033] 1 - Box body, 11 - Sealing edge A, 111 - Sealing groove, 12 - Bottom plate, 13 - Side plate, 2 - Box cover, 21 - Sealing edge B, 22 - Cover plate, 23 - Hinge, 3 - Pressure relief port, 4 - Metal buckle, 5 - Tempered glass observation window, 6 - Handle, 7 - Explosion wave energy absorption component, 8 - Exhaust cover plate, 81 - Exhaust hole, 9 - Turbine interception cylinder, 91 - Cylinder bottom plate A, 92 - Inlet hole A, 93 - Turbine arc blade, 94 - Ear plate A, 10 - Inlet cylinder, 101 - Cylinder bottom plate B, 1011 - Inlet hole B, 102 - Ear plate B, 14 - Sleeve, 15 - Telescopic rod, 16 - Movable valve, 17 - Spring, 18 - Sealing gasket, 19 - Flame retardant layer, 20 - Heat insulation layer, 24 - Impact resistant layer, 25 - High temperature resistant coating. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments:

[0035] Example

[0036] like Figures 1-10As shown, an adaptive pressure relief protection device for preventing thermal runaway of lithium batteries includes a housing 1 and a flip-up, sealing cover 2 attached to the housing 1. The cover 2 is flip-up connected to the housing 1 via several hinges 23. A pressure relief port 3 is provided on the cover 2 and / or the housing 1. A pressure relief turbine flame arrester and a filter located outside the pressure relief turbine flame arrester are installed inside the pressure relief port 3. In this embodiment, the filter is a filter device surrounding and installed outside the pressure relief turbine flame arrester. Gas discharged from each vent 81 of the vent cover 8 passes through the filter (including an activated carbon adsorption layer, an alkaline adsorbent layer, etc. The activated carbon adsorption layer is used to adsorb CO, organic gases, and some aerosols, and the alkaline adsorbent layer is used to adsorb sulfur- or fluorine-containing substances) before being discharged. The filter can be a small filter device covering the pressure relief port 3; the filter can also be a filter adsorption device including a gas adsorption hood, which is installed outside the pressure relief port 3 and collects the gas, which is then fed into the filter adsorption device for filtration and adsorption treatment. Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the pressure relief turbine flame arrester includes an outlet cover plate 8, a turbine interceptor cylinder 9, and an inlet cylinder 10. The turbine interceptor cylinder 9 has an interceptor cavity for intercepting and storing detonation particles (see [reference]). Figure 8 The interception chamber is the inner cavity of the turbine interception cylinder 9. The bottom of the interception chamber of the turbine interception cylinder 9 is a bottom plate A91, with an air inlet A92 at its center. The exhaust cover 8 is fitted onto the top of the turbine interception cylinder 9, and the air inlet cylinder 10 is connected and fixed to the bottom of the turbine interception cylinder 9 (see...). Figure 8 The air intake 10 is enclosedly connected to the bottom of the turbine interceptor cylinder 9. Preferably, the top opening of the air intake 10 has an outwardly flared lug plate B102, and the lug plate B102 of the air intake 10 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate A91 of the turbine interceptor cylinder 9 by screws.

[0037] In some embodiments, the preferred enclosure 1 and / or enclosure lid 2 of this invention are both made of double-layer enclosure panels. The double-layer enclosure panels consist of a supporting structural layer and a composite heat insulation buffer layer. The supporting structural layer is made of high-strength aluminum, lightweight metal, or carbon fiber composite material and is coated on the outside with a high-temperature resistant coating that can withstand temperatures of not less than 600°C (i.e., the high-temperature resistant coating is located on the outer side of the protective device of this invention). The thickness of the supporting structural layer is 1–3 mm. The composite heat insulation buffer layer includes an impact-resistant layer 24 and a heat insulation layer 20. The impact-resistant layer 24 of the composite heat insulation buffer layer is located inside the supporting structural layer (i.e., the supporting structural layer is located on one side inside the enclosure 1). The impact-resistant layer 24 has a thickness of 5–30 mm, a density of 80–200 kg / m³, and is made of one or more of polyimide foam, ceramic foam, or silicone foam. The impact-resistant layer 24 is mainly used to absorb explosive impact energy and provide heat insulation. The insulation layer 20 has a thickness of 5-30 mm, a density of 50-400 kg / m³, and is made of one or more of high silica fiber, ceramic fiber, aluminum silicate fiber felt, or aerogel composite material.

[0038] In some preferred embodiments, a high-temperature resistant coating 25 with a temperature resistance of not less than 1000°C is further provided between the inner side of the supporting structure layer and the impact-resistant layer 24 of the composite heat insulation buffer layer. A flame-retardant layer 19 is also provided on the inner side of the heat insulation layer of the composite heat insulation buffer layer, and the flame-retardant layer 19 is made of ceramic fiber cloth with a temperature resistance of not less than 800°C. Figure 4 As shown, the preferred composite heat insulation buffer layer is made of four layers in sequence: high temperature resistant coating 25, impact resistant layer 24, heat insulation layer 20, and flame retardant layer 19. The high temperature resistant coating 25 is located on one side of the supporting structure layer, and the flame retardant layer 19 is located on the inside side of the box 1. In this embodiment, it is preferred to bond the layers one by one with high temperature resistant adhesive, with a total thickness of 15-60mm. Preferably, the supporting structure layer (e.g., an aluminum shell) withstands external mechanical impacts (such as collisions during handling), and the surface ceramic coating blocks direct burning by external flames; the inner composite heat insulation buffer layer and the flame-retardant layer 19 (ceramic fiber cloth) inhibit the penetration of flames inward at the first moment, with a temperature resistance of ≥800℃; the low thermal conductivity (≤0.05W / m・K) of the heat insulation layer 20 (aluminum silicate fiber felt, etc.) blocks heat conduction, keeping the outer surface temperature of the box 1 ≤70℃ (when the internal temperature is 1000℃); the impact-resistant layer 24 (polyimide foam, etc.) absorbs the energy of the explosion shock wave (such as the impact energy of a 300Wh 18650 lithium battery explosion) through material compression deformation; and the high-temperature resistant coating 25 (silicon carbide) forms a ceramic protective layer at extreme high temperatures to prevent the inner layer material from melting and failing.

[0039] In some preferred embodiments, the top edge of the interception chamber of the turbine interception cylinder 9 has an outwardly flared ear plate A94, which is fixed to the exhaust cover plate 8 by screws. A sealing gasket 18 is also installed between the ear plate A94 and the exhaust cover plate 8, and the sleeve 14 passes through the sealing gasket 18. The exhaust cover plate 8 consists of several layers of circular exhaust hole assemblies from the outside to the inside. Each layer of exhaust hole assembly consists of several exhaust holes 81 arranged in a circular pattern on the exhaust cover plate 8. Each layer of exhaust hole assembly consists of several exhaust holes 81 arranged in a circular pattern to form a ring of exhaust hole assemblies. The exhaust hole assemblies are concentrically arranged inside and outside. The size of the exhaust holes 81 in each layer of exhaust hole assembly can be the same or different.

[0040] The bottom of the air inlet cylinder 10 has a bottom plate B101, and a sleeve 14 is fixedly installed through the center of the air outlet cover plate 8 (e.g., Figures 5-7 As shown, the top of the sleeve 14 extends through the center of the exhaust cover 10, and the sleeve 14 is fixed at the mounting hole in the center of the exhaust cover 10. A telescopic rod 15 is installed in the sleeve 14 (the telescopic rod 15 moves telescopically within the sleeve 14). A movable valve 16, which moves up and down inside the turbine interceptor cylinder 8, is fixed to the end of the telescopic rod 15. A spring 17 is fixed to the center of the inner side of the cylinder bottom plate B101. The end of the spring 17 passes through the air inlet A92 and is connected and fixed to the movable valve 16. Figure 6 As shown, under the elastic tension of spring 17, the movable valve 16 closes the air inlet A92 of the bottom plate A91; when the lithium battery or lithium battery-containing electronic equipment inside the explosion-proof enclosure experiences thermal runaway, causing combustion and explosion, see... Figure 6 The explosive gas flow enters through the various air inlets B1011 on the outer circumference of the air inlet cylinder 10 and impacts the movable valve 16, causing the movable valve 16 to rise (the movable valve 16 pushes the telescopic rod 15 to retract within the sleeve 14), as... Figure 7As shown, the movable valve 16 no longer closes the air inlet port A92, and the air inlet port A92 is opened. The movable valve 16 plays an adaptive pressure relief and exhaust function. The bottom plate B101 has several air inlet ports B1011 that communicate with the inner cavity of the air inlet cylinder 10. The flame explosion gas flow inside the explosion-proof protective box enters the inner cavity of the air inlet cylinder 10 through the air inlet ports B1011, and then impacts the movable valve 16. The exhaust cover plate 8 has several exhaust ports 81. The exhaust ports 81 are used to discharge the gas in the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder 9, which serves the purpose of exhausting and depressurizing the inside of the explosion-proof protective box. Thermal runaway of lithium batteries or lithium-ion battery-containing electronic devices causes combustion and explosion. The gas flow carrying detonation particles enters through the air inlet B1011 and is then intercepted in the interception cavity of the turbine interception cylinder 9. The gas is discharged through the air outlet 81 of the air outlet cover plate 8 and enters through the air inlet A92 of the cylinder bottom plate A91. The gas flow slows down and changes direction in the interception cavity of the turbine interception cylinder 9. The air outlet 81 of the air outlet cover plate 8 does not directly correspond to the air inlet A92. The gas flow will change its path through the interception cavity of the turbine interception cylinder 9, so that the detonation particles are intercepted and stored in the interception cavity of the turbine interception cylinder 9.

[0041] The explosion-proof adaptive pressure relief protection device of this utility model has an internal explosion-proof gas flow through the air inlet B1011 arranged on the outer circumference of the air inlet cylinder 10 (see...). Figure 6 , Figure 7 The explosive gas enters from the outer circumference of the intake cylinder 10 and impacts the movable valve 16 at the center. When the movable valve 16 opens, the explosive gas enters the interception chamber of the turbine interception cylinder 9 through the intake port A92. During this process, the explosive gas flows along the planned path and is de-energized. At the same time, the explosive gas impacting the movable valve 16 needs to overcome the elastic force of the spring 17, and is also de-energized to some extent. Then, it enters the interior of the turbine interception cylinder 9 through the intake port A92 located at the center. Then, each turbine arc blade 93 guides and intercepts the detonation particles counterclockwise or clockwise. Finally, it is discharged through the exhaust ports 81 arranged in a circle on the exhaust cover plate 8. The flow path of the explosive gas inside this utility model is planned and designed layer by layer, so as to achieve depressurization while gradually extinguishing fire, absorbing energy and intercepting detonation particles, and significantly improving the protection effect.

[0042] In some embodiments, an explosion wave energy-absorbing component 7 is installed on the inner wall of the housing 1, and the housing 1 is formed by a bottom plate 12 and side plates 13 to create a receiving cavity with an open top. Figure 2 As shown, the box 1 is generally rectangular in shape (i.e., it has a rectangular prism-shaped accommodating chamber), so the side plates 13 have a total of four, front, back, left, and right. The blast wave energy-absorbing components 7 are mainly installed on the side plates 13 of the box 1, and a small number can be installed on the bottom plate 12 of the box 1. Figure 3As shown, the blast wave energy absorber 7 is either a wave-like continuous combination energy absorber or a raised single energy absorber. The raised single energy absorber is an arc-shaped raised single unit that protrudes from the inner wall surface of the housing 1 and has a sound-absorbing and energy-absorbing cavity with the inner wall surface of the housing 1. The wave-like continuous combination energy absorber consists of multiple raised single energy absorbers connected in a wave-like arc. The blast wave energy absorber 7 can be detachably fixed to the inner wall of the housing 1 by screws or by adhesive. Figure 3 In this structure, some of the blast wave energy-absorbing components 7 are arc-shaped protruding units, which are disposed on one side plate 13 of the housing 1; other blast wave energy-absorbing components 7 are protruding single energy-absorbing components, which are disposed in a wave-like continuous manner on one side plate 13 of the housing 1. Each blast wave energy-absorbing component 7 has an arc-shaped surface wall and a sound-absorbing cavity located inside the arc-shaped surface wall. The arc-shaped surface wall of the blast wave energy-absorbing component 7 has several quenching holes, and the sound-absorbing cavity of the blast wave energy-absorbing component 7 is filled with a sound-absorbing and flame-retardant energy-absorbing material. The blast wave energy-absorbing component 7 is preferably made of aluminum or other lightweight metals or carbon fiber composite materials. Preferably, the sound-absorbing and flame-retardant energy-absorbing material is composed of glass wool, carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material, and ceramic fiber composite material. The sound-absorbing and flame-retardant energy-absorbing material is a honeycomb structure (i.e., an internal honeycomb porous structure) made of glass wool (mainly responsible for sound absorption), carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material (mainly responsible for energy absorption), and ceramic fiber (mainly responsible for flame retardancy). When an explosion occurs inside the housing 1, the shock wave effect generated by the explosion reaches the explosion wave energy absorber 7 and is divided and absorbed by the explosion wave energy absorber 7. If the flame is transmitted to the explosion wave energy absorber 7, it can be quenched by the quenching hole. At the same time, the sound-absorbing and flame-retardant energy-absorbing material plays the roles of sound absorption, energy absorption and flame retardancy.

[0043] In some embodiments, a turbine blade assembly located within the interception cylinder cavity is fixed to the bottom plate A91. The turbine blade assembly consists of a plurality of turbine arc-shaped blades 93, all of which are circumferentially distributed around the air inlet A92. The turbine arc-shaped blades 93 are generally arc-shaped, with a height half the height of the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder 9. All the turbine arc-shaped blades 93 in the turbine blade assembly have the same arc orientation and are used to guide clockwise or counterclockwise airflow. Figure 8 As shown, all the turbine's curved blades 93 guide the explosive airflow in either clockwise or counterclockwise motion. Figure 8All turbine curved blades 93 are distributed in a counter-clockwise arc shape. Detonation particles in the explosive gas flow are first blocked and intercepted by the individual turbine curved blades 93 (after interception, they are gradually carried by the airflow to the bottom of the turbine interception cylinder 9 and accumulate there). Then, guided by the turbine blade assembly, they accumulate at the bottom of the interception chamber of the turbine interception cylinder 9. Simultaneously, under the centrifugal force of the airflow, the detonation particles gradually deposit on the circumference of the bottom of the interception chamber of the turbine interception cylinder 9, which can be cleaned up afterwards. After the explosive gas flow undergoes detonation particle interception in the interception chamber of the turbine interception cylinder 9, the gas is discharged through the various exhaust holes 81 (the diameter of the exhaust holes 81 is relatively small) on the exhaust cover plate 8.

[0044] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the top opening of the housing 1 has a sealing edge A11, and the cover 2 has a sealing edge B21 that cooperates with the sealing edge A11 for sealing. The sealing contact surface of the sealing edge A11 has an annular sealing groove 111, and the sealing contact surface of the sealing edge B21 has a sealing protrusion that seals with the sealing groove 111. The sealing groove is filled with sealing rubber and / or high-temperature resistant foam material (preferably silicone foam). When the cover 2 is closed on the housing 1, the sealing protrusion of the sealing edge B21 is pressed into the sealing groove 111, and the sealing protrusion is sealed and wrapped by the sealing rubber or high-temperature resistant foam material. Through mechanical pressing, a highly airtight seal is formed, providing high-temperature resistance and sealing, ensuring good sealing performance, and effectively preventing flue gas leakage. The lid 2 is equipped with a tempered glass observation window 5 (temperature resistant ≥800℃, capable of real-time monitoring of the internal fire situation). Through the tempered glass observation window 5, the internal condition of the container 1 can be observed (whether the fire is extinguished or whether a localized explosion has occurred). The top plate of the lid 2 is a cover plate 22, on which the tempered glass observation window 5 is located. The cover plate 22 is equipped with a pressure relief port 3 (or exhaust port), which is fitted with a pressure relief turbine flame arrester. Figure 1 As shown, a metal latch 4 is also installed between the lid 2 and the body 1 to securely lock the lid 2 and the body 1. Handles 6 are fixed on opposite sides of the body 1 for easy handling.

[0045] In use, hazardous materials for civil aviation that have not experienced thermal runaway (mainly lithium batteries or lithium-ion battery-containing electronic devices, such as laptops and other portable electronic devices) or lithium batteries or lithium-ion battery-containing electronic devices that have experienced thermal runaway are placed inside the enclosure 1. The enclosure lid 2 is closed and locked with a metal latch 4. Taking a lithium battery or lithium-ion battery-containing electronic device that has experienced thermal runaway as an example, the flame generated by the combustion of the lithium battery product is quenched by the quenching holes of the explosion wave energy-absorbing component 7 and the pressure relief turbine flame arrester, reducing the spread of the flame. The combustion and explosion gas flow inside the enclosure 1, carrying detonation particles, enters through the various air inlets B1011 of the air inlet 10. Each air inlet B1011 also serves to divide the explosion shock wave and combustion flame, preventing larger particles from falling back into the explosion-proof enclosure. Then, the combustion and explosion gas flow is divided and absorbed by the various explosion wave energy-absorbing components in the explosion-proof air inlet 10 due to the explosion shock wave effect, and fire extinguishing is also performed. Next, the explosive gas flow impacts the movable valve 16, causing it to rise. The telescopic rod 15 retracts into the sleeve 14, and the movable valve 16 no longer seals the air inlet A92, opening it. The movable valve 16 then functions as an adaptive pressure relief and exhaust valve. After the air inlet A92 is opened, the explosive gas flow enters the interception chamber of the turbine interception cylinder 9. The detonation particles in the explosive gas flow are first blocked and intercepted by the various turbine arc-shaped blades 93 (after interception, they will gradually be carried by the airflow to the bottom of the interception chamber of the turbine interception cylinder 9 and accumulate). Then, guided by the turbine blade assembly, they accumulate at the bottom of the interception chamber of the turbine interception cylinder 9. Simultaneously, under the centrifugal force of the airflow, the detonation particles will gradually deposit on the circumference of the bottom of the interception chamber of the turbine interception cylinder 9, which can be cleaned up afterwards. After the explosive gas flow undergoes detonation particle interception in the interception chamber of the turbine interception cylinder 9, the gas will be discharged through the various exhaust ports 81.

[0046] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A detonation-resistant adaptive pressure relief protection device for thermal runaway of lithium batteries, characterized in that: The device includes a housing and a reversible, sealing cover fitted onto the housing. The cover and / or housing have a pressure relief port. A pressure relief turbine flame arrester and a filter located outside the pressure relief turbine flame arrester are installed within the pressure relief port. The pressure relief turbine flame arrester includes an exhaust cover, a turbine interceptor cylinder, and an inlet cylinder. The turbine interceptor cylinder has an interceptor cavity for intercepting and storing detonation particles. The bottom of the interceptor cavity is a bottom plate A, with an inlet hole A at its center. The exhaust cover covers the turbine flame arrester. The top of the turbine interceptor cylinder is connected and fixed to the bottom of the turbine interceptor cylinder. The bottom of the air inlet cylinder has a bottom plate B. A sleeve is fixedly installed through the center of the outlet cover plate. A telescopic rod is installed in the sleeve, and a movable valve that moves up and down inside the turbine interceptor cylinder is fixed at the end of the telescopic rod. A spring is fixed at the center of the inner side of the bottom plate B. The end of the spring passes through the air inlet hole A and is connected and fixed to the movable valve. The bottom plate B has several air inlets B, and the outlet cover plate has several air outlets.

2. The explosion-proof adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that: An explosion wave energy-absorbing component is installed on the inner wall of the box. The explosion wave energy-absorbing component is either a wave-shaped continuous combination of energy-absorbing components or a raised single energy-absorbing component. The explosion wave energy-absorbing component has an arc-shaped surface and a sound-absorbing energy-absorbing cavity located inside the arc-shaped surface. The arc-shaped surface of the explosion wave energy-absorbing component has several quenching holes. The sound-absorbing energy-absorbing cavity of the explosion wave energy-absorbing component is filled with sound-absorbing and flame-retardant energy-absorbing material.

3. The explosion-proof adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom plate A of the cylinder is fixed with a turbine blade assembly located in the interception cylinder cavity. The turbine blade assembly consists of several turbine arc blades, and all the turbine arc blades of the turbine blade assembly are distributed in a circle around the air inlet A.

4. The explosion-proof adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway according to claim 3, characterized in that: The turbine arc blades are generally arc-shaped, and the height of the turbine arc blades is half the height of the interception cavity of the turbine interception cylinder. All the turbine arc blades of the turbine blade assembly have the same arc orientation, and all the turbine arc blades of the turbine blade assembly are used to guide clockwise or counterclockwise airflow.

5. A detonation-resistant adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top opening of the box has a sealing edge A, and the box cover has a sealing edge B that cooperates with the sealing edge A to seal. The sealing contact surface of the sealing edge A has an annular sealing groove, and the sealing contact surface of the sealing edge B has a sealing protrusion that cooperates with the sealing groove. The sealing groove is filled with sealing rubber and / or high-temperature resistant foam material. The box cover is provided with a tempered glass observation window.

6. The explosion-proof adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enclosure and / or lid are both made of double-layered panels, which consist of a supporting structural layer and a composite thermal insulation buffer layer. The supporting structural layer is made of high-strength aluminum, lightweight metal, or carbon fiber composite material and coated with a high-temperature resistant coating on the outside. The thickness of the supporting structural layer is 1-3 mm. The composite thermal insulation buffer layer includes an impact-resistant layer and a thermal insulation layer. The impact-resistant layer is located inside the supporting structural layer. The impact-resistant layer has a thickness of 5-30 mm, a density of 80-200 kg / m³, and is made of one or more of polyimide foam, ceramic foam, or silicone foam. The thermal insulation layer has a thickness of 5-30 mm, a density of 50-400 kg / m³, and is made of one or more of high-silica fiber, ceramic fiber, aluminum silicate fiber felt, or aerogel composite material.

7. A detonation-resistant adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway according to claim 6, characterized in that: A high-temperature resistant coating with a temperature resistance of not less than 1000℃ is provided between the inner side of the supporting structure layer and the impact-resistant layer of the composite heat insulation buffer layer. A flame-retardant layer is also provided on the inner side of the heat insulation layer of the composite heat insulation buffer layer. The flame-retardant layer is made of ceramic fiber cloth with a temperature resistance of not less than 800℃.

8. A detonation-resistant adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top edge of the interception cylinder cavity of the turbine interception cylinder has an outwardly flared ear plate A, and the ear plate A of the turbine interception cylinder is fixed to the exhaust cover plate by screws; a sealing gasket is also installed between the ear plate A and the exhaust cover plate, and the sleeve passes through the sealing gasket accordingly.

9. A detonation-resistant adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top opening of the air intake cylinder has an outward-flaring lug plate B, and the lug plate B of the air intake cylinder is fixed to the bottom plate A of the turbine interceptor cylinder by screws.

10. A detonation-resistant adaptive pressure relief protection device for lithium battery thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vent cover consists of several layers of circular vent assemblies from the outside to the inside. Each layer of vent assembly has several vent holes arranged in a circumferential pattern on the vent cover. A metal latch is also installed between the lid and the body to securely lock the lid and the body together. Handles are fixed on opposite sides of the body.

Images