An agricultural meteorological drought simulation test observation device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of agricultural meteorology drought simulation test observation devices, belong to meteorological test equipment technical field, comprising: bottom plate, the bottom plate is laid in underground;Partition, the partition is set on the side wall of the bottom plate;Top cover, the top cover is set on the partition, the height of the top cover is not less than 2 meters;Work window, the work window is the door frame installed in the side wall of the top cover, door plate is sealedly installed in the work window by sealing ring;Air inlet, the air inlet is set in the side wall of the top cover, suction duct is installed on the air inlet, air blower, first hygrostat, heating wire are set in the suction duct;Air outlet, the air outlet is set in the upper end surface of the top cover, suction blower, second hygrostat are set on the air outlet.This application can solve the existing simulation device, the deficiency of greater precision error for soil drought detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model patent relates to the field of meteorological testing equipment technology, specifically to an agricultural meteorological drought simulation test observation device. Background Technology

[0002] Agricultural drought is one of the key environmental stressors affecting crop growth, development, and yield. Conducting drought simulation experiments is of great significance for revealing crop drought resistance mechanisms and optimizing drought-resistant cultivation techniques. Currently, the development of agricultural meteorological drought simulation experimental observation devices faces the following technical bottlenecks.

[0003] Traditional drought simulation devices often employ open or semi-open structures, which cannot effectively isolate external environmental interference, resulting in poor stability of temperature and humidity control. Although waterproof walls block soil moisture exchange outside the greenhouse, the poor air circulation inside makes it difficult to simulate the dry and highly mobile air environment of spring and summer, leading to significant differences between crop drought conditions and actual field conditions. Furthermore, these devices lack real-time dynamic control mechanisms, resulting in slow changes in soil moisture content, long experimental cycles, and low efficiency.

[0004] Existing devices for monitoring soil moisture mostly rely on single-point sampling or discrete sensors, which cannot achieve continuous, three-dimensional dynamic monitoring of soil moisture. For example, some existing technologies rely solely on periodic manual measurement of soil weight moisture content, resulting in low data collection frequency and the presence of human error, making it difficult to capture the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of soil moisture during drought.

[0005] Some devices suffer from insufficient sealing and poor material durability, leading to material exchange between the simulated environment and the external environment. For example, one patent uses ordinary plastic partitions, which are prone to aging and cracking after long-term use, affecting the device's airtightness and thus interfering with the accuracy of temperature and humidity control. In addition, the operating windows of traditional devices lack effective sealing structures, and frequent opening can disrupt the stable internal environment.

[0006] This invention effectively solves the above problems through a fully enclosed structure, a multi-parameter collaborative control system, and a three-dimensional soil monitoring network, significantly improving the accuracy and efficiency of drought simulation experiments. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address some or all of the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides an agricultural meteorological drought simulation and observation device, which has the technical advantages of high detection accuracy, suitability for long-term operation, and comprehensive control over influencing factors.

[0008] An agricultural meteorological drought simulation observation device includes: a base plate laid underground; multiple partitions arranged on the side wall of the base plate, connected in a ring, with the upper surface of each partition 5-10 cm above the ground; a top cover mounted on the partitions, with a height of not less than 2 meters; a working window, a door frame installed in the side wall of the top cover, with a door panel sealed by a sealing ring; an air inlet located on one side wall of the top cover, with an exhaust duct installed thereon, containing a blower, a first temperature and humidity meter, and a heating wire; and an air outlet located on the upper surface of the top cover, containing an exhaust fan and a second temperature and humidity meter. The base plate, partitions, and top cover form a sealed space.

[0009] The above technical solution constructs a fully enclosed arid simulation environment. A base plate is laid underground to form a foundation support. An annular partition (5-10cm above ground level) is sealed to the top cover with structural adhesive. Combined with a sealing ring door panel for the work window, a fully enclosed cavity is constructed. A blower at the air inlet drives external air through heating wires (for temperature regulation) and a first temperature and humidity meter (for real-time monitoring), then delivers the air into the cavity through an exhaust duct. An exhaust fan at the air outlet expels internal air, and a second temperature and humidity meter provides real-time feedback on the temperature and humidity at the top of the cavity, forming a closed-loop air environment control system of "monitoring, regulation, and circulation."

[0010] Isolation from external interference: The enclosed space blocks the effects of natural precipitation, external airflow, and temperature and humidity fluctuations, ensuring that the experimental environment is actively controlled only by the device, providing stable baseline conditions for drought simulation.

[0011] Dynamic environment simulation: By coordinating the heating wire at the air inlet and the exhaust fan at the air outlet, the temperature of the air in the cavity can be precisely controlled (simulating dry heat stress); combined with the subsequent turbulence fan (simulating wind speed), it can reproduce the coupled stress scenarios of "temperature, humidity and wind speed" under different drought levels, meeting the needs of multi-factor drought simulation.

[0012] Optionally, the base plate includes a concrete slab and a beam slab. A permeable board is laid on the base plate. The permeable board is a foam board with a thickness of not less than 5 cm and has multiple permeable holes. A detection rod is installed in the base plate. The detection rod passes through the permeable holes. The upper end of the detection rod is 5 cm above the soil surface. Multiple detection probes are installed in the detection rod.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the concrete slab and beams form the load-bearing structure of the base plate, and a foam permeable board of more than 5cm is laid on the surface (with a matrix-style permeable hole diameter of ≥10cm), forming a water conduction channel between the soil layer and the base plate. A humidification pipe network is embedded in the permeable board, supplying water to the drip outlets through water supply pipes, achieving precise and quantitative water replenishment to the soil layer (such as limited water replenishment under simulated irrigation or drought stress). The matrix layout of the permeable holes ensures uniform soil moisture distribution, avoiding localized waterlogging or drought areas.

[0014] The detection rod penetrates the seepage hole and extends 5cm above the soil surface. It has built-in multi-layer detection probes (such as soil moisture content and conductivity sensors) to collect moisture data of the 0cm and 100cm soil layers in real time. The data is then wirelessly transmitted to the control system to form a closed loop of soil moisture management, including monitoring, feedback and control.

[0015] Optionally, the inner surfaces of the base plate and the partition are coated with a hydrophobic layer, the partition is provided with reinforcing ribs, the inner surface of the partition is installed with a support bracket, and the lower end of the support bracket is fixedly installed on the base plate.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the inner surfaces of the base plate and partition are sprayed with a hydrophobic coating (such as polytetrafluoroethylene coating) to prevent moisture from penetrating into the concrete structure; the partition is equipped with reinforcing ribs (such as steel structure keel) and forms a triangular stable structure through the support diagonal supports (the lower end is fixed to the base plate) to resist soil lateral pressure and external loads.

[0017] The outer side of the partition is covered with a thermal insulation layer (such as XPS extruded board) to reduce the heat conduction of the cavity by external temperature changes; structural adhesive seals the interface between the partition and the top cover to avoid the aging problem of gaps in traditional bolted connections.

[0018] Optionally, a heat insulation layer is provided on the outer side of the partition, and the partition and the top cover are sealed together by structural adhesive.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the insulation layer reduces the impact of external temperature fluctuations on the cavity by more than 60% (e.g., when the outside temperature is 40℃ in summer, the temperature fluctuation inside the cavity is ≤2℃). Combined with the heat insulation interlayer (patent point 5), it can achieve year-round constant temperature drought simulation.

[0020] Optionally, the top cover is provided with a heat insulation interlayer, the upper surface of the top cover has a funnel-shaped structure, a simulated light source is provided inside the top cover, a turbulence fan is suspended in the top cover, and an atomizing spray device is provided below the turbulence fan.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solutions, the internal heat insulation layer (such as polyurethane foam) of the top cover blocks solar radiation heat, and the funnel-shaped top surface guides rainwater to drain quickly, avoiding water accumulation that could affect the sealing performance; the simulated light source (such as LED plant growth lights) can adjust the light intensity and spectrum according to the crop growth cycle to compensate for the lack of natural light in the enclosed environment.

[0022] The turbulence fan is suspended below the top cover and simulates dry and hot airflows at different wind speeds (0, 10 m / s) through frequency conversion control; the atomizing spray device, together with the exhaust system, can increase air humidity when needed (such as simulating a brief condensation scenario during a drought), or construct a "drought, re-humidification" cycle stress by controlling the spray volume.

[0023] Optionally, a humidification pipe network is provided in the permeation plate, the humidification pipe network is connected to the water supply pipe, the diameter of the permeation hole is not less than 10 cm, the permeation hole is arranged in a matrix, and the humidification pipe network is provided with a drip outlet at the corresponding permeation hole position.

[0024] In summary, compared with the prior art, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects of an agricultural meteorological drought simulation experimental observation device:

[0025] Through the synergistic effect of the above technical solutions, this device breaks through the bottleneck of traditional drought simulation devices, which are characterized by "single environmental control, lagging monitoring, and poor durability," and provides a high-precision and reproducible experimental platform for the study of agricultural drought resistance mechanisms and the development of water-saving technologies.

[0026] An agricultural meteorological drought simulation and observation device achieves a technological breakthrough through the following innovative design:

[0027] The base plate, partition, and top cover form a sealed cavity. The working window is sealed with a sealing ring, and the partition and top cover interfaces are sealed with structural adhesive. This effectively isolates external temperature, humidity, airflow, and other interferences, ensuring the stability of the simulated environment.

[0028] The air inlet integrates a blower, heating wire, and a primary temperature and humidity meter, while the air outlet is equipped with an exhaust fan and a secondary temperature and humidity meter, allowing for real-time adjustment of the air temperature and humidity inside the cavity. A turbulence fan and atomizing spray device are installed inside the top cover to simulate natural wind fields and hot, dry wind environments, enhancing the realism of drought stress.

[0029] The base plate features a built-in humidification pipe network and a matrix-style permeation hole system. Combined with multi-layer detection probes within the detection rod, it enables real-time dynamic monitoring and precise control of soil moisture at depths of 0 and 100 cm. The detection rod extends 5 cm above the soil surface for easy insertion and removal, avoiding damage to the soil structure caused by traditional sampling methods.

[0030] The inner surface of the partition is coated with a hydrophobic layer and reinforced with ribs, while the outer surface is covered with an insulation layer, significantly improving the device's resistance to corrosion and deformation. The top cover adopts a funnel-shaped structure and an insulation interlayer to reduce the impact of solar radiation on the internal environment.

[0031] The detection probe includes a soil moisture sensor and a temperature sensor, which are distributed at 20cm intervals along the axial direction of the detection rod to achieve real-time acquisition of soil parameters at 0cm and 100cm depths. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model patent.

[0034] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Base plate; 2. Partition plate; 3. Top cover; 4. Working window; 5. Air inlet; 6. Air outlet; 7. Soil surface;

[0035] 11. Drainage plate; 12. Drainage hole; 13. Detection rod; 14. Detection probe; 15. Humidification pipe network;

[0036] 21. Reinforcing ribs; 22. Diagonal bracing;

[0037] 31. Simulated light source; 32. Turbulence fan; 33. Atomizing spray device;

[0038] 51. Blower; 52. First temperature and humidity meter; 53. Heating wire;

[0039] 61. Exhaust fan; 62. Second temperature and humidity meter. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model patent clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model patent will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model patent, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of this utility model patent are within the scope of protection of this utility model patent.

[0041] This application discloses an agricultural meteorological drought simulation test observation device.

[0042] Referring to the accompanying drawings, an agricultural meteorological drought simulation test observation device includes a base plate 1, a partition plate 2, a top cover 3, an air inlet 5, and an air outlet 6, wherein the base plate 1, the partition plate 2, and the top cover 3 form a sealed space.

[0043] The operating principle of the simulation experiment is as follows: through the design of a closed space, an agricultural meteorological drought simulation experiment observation device under closed space conditions is realized.

[0044] In some embodiments, the base plate 1 is laid underground, and the base plate 1 includes a concrete slab and a beam slab.

[0045] A permeable board 11 is laid on the base plate. The permeable board 11 is a foam board or rubber board with a thickness of not less than 5 cm. Multiple permeable holes 12 are provided in the permeable board 11.

[0046] A detection rod 13 is installed in the base plate 1. The detection rod 13 passes through the seepage hole 12. The upper end of the detection rod 13 is 5 cm above the soil surface 7. Multiple detection probes 14 are installed in the detection rod 13.

[0047] The upper end face of the seepage hole 12 is designed as an inverted funnel-shaped structure to prevent water from accumulating on the surface of the seepage plate 11.

[0048] The lower end face of the base plate 1 is inclined, and a siphon pipe is laid at the lowest point of the lower end face of the base plate 1.

[0049] A siphon tube is used to absorb water accumulated at the bottom of the device.

[0050] The base slab 1 is constructed using a concrete slab and beams to form the foundation support structure. A foam board or rubber board with a thickness of ≥5cm is laid on top as a permeable board 11, containing a matrix of permeable holes 12 with a diameter of ≥10cm. The upper surface of each hole is designed as an inverted funnel shape. A detection rod 13 penetrates the permeable holes 12, integrating multiple detection probes 14 (such as soil moisture and temperature sensors). The upper end protrudes 5cm above the soil surface for easy data reading and equipment maintenance. The lower surface of the base slab 1 is inclined, with a siphon pipe laid at the lowest point. Water accumulated at the bottom of the device is drained through the siphon pipe using gravity drainage.

[0051] The inverted funnel-shaped seepage holes 12 guide surface water to seep quickly into the soil, avoiding local waterlogging interference with drought simulation; the matrix-type seepage holes 12 combined with the multi-layer probe of the detection rod 13 realize three-dimensional real-time monitoring of soil moisture at 0 and 100cm depths; the siphon tube design eliminates the hidden danger of water accumulation at the bottom of the base plate 1, ensuring that the soil environment inside the device is in a controllable drought state for a long time, thus improving detection accuracy.

[0052] In some embodiments, a humidification pipe network 15 is provided in the permeation plate 11, the humidification pipe network 15 is connected to a water supply pipe, the diameter of the permeation holes 12 is not less than 10 cm, the permeation holes 12 are arranged in a matrix, and the humidification pipe network 15 is provided with a drip outlet at the corresponding permeation hole 12 position.

[0053] A humidification pipe network 15 is pre-embedded within the permeable plate 11, connected to an external water source via a water supply pipeline. A drip outlet is installed directly below each permeable hole 12, allowing for precise control of the dripping volume according to experimental requirements. The drip outlets correspond to the positions of the permeable holes 12, allowing water to permeate evenly into the soil through the permeable holes 12.

[0054] The permeable board 11 is a high-density foam board with a thickness of not less than 5 cm (density ≥ 30 kg / m³), and the diameter of the permeable holes 12 is not less than 10 cm.

[0055] Actively regulate soil moisture to simulate natural precipitation or artificial water replenishment scenarios, enabling precise quantification of drought stress intensity (such as mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought), meeting the needs of different experimental conditions, and solving the lag problem of traditional devices relying on natural evaporation.

[0056] In some embodiments, the partition 2 is disposed on the side wall of the base plate 1, and multiple partitions 2 are disposed thereon, and the multiple partitions 2 are connected in a ring in sequence, with the upper end surface of the partition 2 being 5 or 10 centimeters above the ground.

[0057] The inner surfaces of the base plate 1 and the partition plate 2 are coated with a hydrophobic layer. The partition plate 2 is provided with a reinforcing rib support 21. The inner surface of the partition plate 2 is installed with a support diagonal branch 22. The lower end face of the support diagonal branch 22 is fixedly installed on the base plate 1.

[0058] The two ends of the supporting diagonal support 22 are connected by expansion bolts.

[0059] Top cover 3, which is disposed on the partition 2, and the height of the top cover 3 is not less than 2 meters;

[0060] A heat insulation layer is provided on the outer side of the partition 2, and the partition 2 and the top cover 3 are sealed together by structural adhesive.

[0061] Multiple annular baffles 2 stand on the side wall of the base plate 1, with their upper ends 5-10 cm above the ground to form a physical isolation zone. The inner surface of the baffles 2 is coated with a hydrophobic layer (such as a polytetrafluoroethylene coating) to prevent moisture penetration into the structure. Internal reinforcing ribs and supporting diagonal supports 22 are installed, with the lower ends of the supports fixed to the base plate 1 to distribute the soil lateral pressure and the load from the top cover 3 borne by the baffles 2. The outer surface is wrapped with an insulation layer (such as rock wool board) to reduce heat conduction from the external environment to the interior of the device. The baffles 2 and the top cover 3 are sealed together with structural adhesive, forming a fully enclosed space in conjunction with the sealing ring door of the working window 4.

[0062] The hydrophobic layer and sealing design ensure that no water leaks into the device and no external moisture intrudes, maintaining the airtightness of the drought simulation environment; the reinforcing ribs and supporting diagonal brackets 22 enhance the deformation resistance of the partition plate 2, adapting to the soil pressure of long-term burial; the thermal insulation layer reduces the interference of external day-night temperature differences on the internal temperature, ensuring the stability of temperature and humidity control, suitable for long-term continuous operation.

[0063] In some embodiments, a heat-insulating interlayer is provided in the top cover 3, the upper surface of the top cover 3 has a funnel-shaped structure, an analog light source 31 is provided inside the top cover 3, a turbulence fan 32 is suspended in the top cover 3, and an atomizing spray device 33 is provided below the turbulence fan 32.

[0064] The top cover 3 has a height of ≥2 meters and an internal heat insulation layer (such as polyurethane foam) to block solar radiation heat conduction. The upper surface adopts a funnel-shaped structure to guide rainwater to flow out quickly and prevent water accumulation on the top cover 3 from affecting structural stability. An internally suspended turbulence fan 32 and a misting spray device are included. The fan simulates natural wind speed and direction, and the spray device can release atomized water vapor as needed (to regulate humidity or simulate hot, dry wind). A simulated light source 31 (such as LED plant growth lights) supplements the lighting to meet the photoperiodic needs of crops in different seasons.

[0065] The heat insulation and funnel structure reduce the interference of external meteorological factors (such as solar radiation and precipitation) on the internal environment; the turbulence fan 32, the atomizing spray and the simulated light source 31 work together to achieve coupled regulation of multiple meteorological factors such as light, wind speed and humidity, and comprehensively simulate the complex field environment under drought stress (such as high temperature and low humidity, dry and hot wind, etc.), thereby improving the authenticity and scientific nature of the experiment.

[0066] In some embodiments, the work window 4 is a door frame installed in the side wall of the top cover 3, and the work window 4 is provided with a door panel installed by a sealing ring;

[0067] Air inlet 5, the air inlet 5 is located on one side wall of the top cover 3, an exhaust pipe is installed on the air inlet 5, and a blower 51, a first temperature and humidity meter 52, and a heating wire 53 are installed in the exhaust pipe;

[0068] Air outlet 6, the air outlet 6 is located on the upper end surface of the top cover 3, and an exhaust fan 61 and a second temperature and humidity meter 62 are installed on the air outlet 6;

[0069] Air inlet 5 is located on the side wall of top cover 3. The exhaust duct integrates a blower 51, a first temperature and humidity meter 52, and a heating wire 53. Blower 51 introduces outside air, the temperature and humidity meter monitors the intake parameters in real time, and the heating wire 53 adjusts the intake temperature based on feedback signals. Air outlet 6 is located at the top of top cover 3, exhausting internal air through exhaust fan 61. A second temperature and humidity meter 62 monitors the exhaust parameters, forming a closed-loop control system of "intake regulation, internal circulation, and exhaust monitoring." The sealing ring door of work window 4 can quickly return to a sealed state after personnel enter or exit, preventing frequent operations from damaging the internal environment.

[0070] The closed-loop control system dynamically adjusts the internal air temperature and humidity in real time, accurately simulating the low humidity, high temperature or specific wind speed conditions required for drought. Dual temperature and humidity meters monitor the inlet and outlet air parameters, and combined with feedback algorithms, the system achieves automatic calibration of environmental parameters, solving the problems of large temperature and humidity fluctuations and low control accuracy in traditional devices, and providing a stable and controllable atmospheric environment for crop drought stress experiments.

[0071] In some embodiments, the lower end face of the supporting diagonal support 22 is fixed to the base plate 1 by pre-embedded bolts.

[0072] The upper surface of the top cover 3 has a funnel-shaped structure with an inclination angle of 5°-15°.

[0073] The detection probe 14 includes a high-precision capacitive soil moisture sensor (error ≤1%) and a PT100 temperature sensor. The data is transmitted to the central control system in real time via a LoRa wireless module.

[0074] A filter screen (pore size ≤ 1mm) is installed at the siphon pipe inlet to prevent soil particles from clogging the pipe.

[0075] The agricultural meteorological drought simulation experimental observation device in this application embodiment works collaboratively through four core modules: "construction of a fully enclosed space, three-dimensional regulation of soil moisture, coupling simulation of multiple meteorological factors, and real-time closed-loop environmental control."

[0076] The base plate 1 and the seepage system enable precise monitoring and active regulation of soil moisture, while the siphon pipe and the inverted funnel seepage hole 12 eliminate the risk of water accumulation.

[0077] The partition 2 and top cover 3 are designed with hydrophobicity, thermal insulation and sealing to create a highly sealed and durable physical space to isolate external interference;

[0078] The air inlet 5, air outlet 6 and top cover 3 form a closed loop for atmospheric environment control, simulating the temperature, humidity, wind speed and light conditions required for drought.

[0079] The detection rod 13 and sensor network collect soil and air data in real time, providing high-precision, long-term series basic data for drought stress effect analysis.

[0080] This device overcomes the bottlenecks of traditional drought simulation devices, such as poor sealing, limited environmental control, and lagging monitoring. It enables comprehensive intervention on drought stress factors at both the soil and atmospheric interfaces, and is suitable for long-term experiments such as research on crop drought resistance mechanisms and screening of drought-resistant varieties, providing reliable technical support for the prevention and control of agricultural meteorological disasters.

[0081] Furthermore, the simulated light source 31 serves the following purpose: to accurately reproduce lighting conditions. By simulating natural solar radiation through full-spectrum LEDs or halogen lamps, the light intensity and photoperiod can be adjusted to meet the photosynthetic needs of different crops (such as wheat, corn, and cotton) under drought stress.

[0082] For example, when studying the effect of light intensity on stomatal conductance in drought-stricken crops, constant light intensity can eliminate the interference of natural diurnal fluctuations. Decoupling of stress factors: Independent control with factors such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed enables simulation of combined stresses such as 'drought + weak light' and 'drought + strong light'.

[0083] For example, when simulating a summer of intense sunlight, high temperature, and drought in arid Northwest China, a light intensity of 1500 μmol / m²·s, a temperature of 35℃, and a humidity of 25%RH can be set to accurately study the synergistic stress effects of multiple factors. Long-term experimental consistency is ensured: In cross-year experiments, a preset program automatically matches seasonal light variations (such as the winter solstice / summer solstice photocycle) to avoid interference from natural light differences on crop growth cycles, ensuring the repeatability of experimental data.

[0084] The function of the turbulence fan 32 is to homogenize the three-dimensional flow field: driven by a variable frequency motor (speed 0-1000rpm), it generates a controllable wind speed of 0.58m / s. Combined with the funnel-shaped structure of the top cover, it guides the airflow to spiral downward, eliminating the still air zone (such as the dead water zone in the corner) in the device, so that the spatial variation coefficient of parameters such as temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration is <5%, thus solving the problem of uneven environmental parameters in traditional closed devices.

[0085] Intensive simulation of transpiration stress: High-speed airflow (e.g., 5 m / s) can significantly increase the transpiration rate of crop leaves (30%-50% higher than in calm wind environments), truly reflecting the chain reaction of "atmospheric drought and plant water loss" under drought conditions.

[0086] For example, when simulating hot and dry wind disasters, the fan and heating wire 53 work together to create an extreme stress environment of "high temperature (40℃) + low humidity (20%RH) + strong wind (6m / s)" to assess the drought resistance potential of crop transpiration-resistant varieties.

[0087] Equipment synergy enhancement: The fan agitates the airflow to accelerate the heat diffusion of the heating wire 53 (the heat uniformity time is shortened from 10 minutes to 3 minutes), improves the humidity uniformity of the atomized spray (droplet size <50μm, horizontal diffusion distance ≥2 meters), and avoids local over-wetness or over-dryness.

[0088] The function of the atomizing spray device is to dynamically control atmospheric humidity: by using a high-pressure plunger pump (pressure 0.52MPa) to atomize water into 10100μm droplets, and with the airflow of the fan for uniform distribution, the humidity inside the device can be increased from 20%RH to 80%RH (accuracy ±2%RH) within 5 minutes, or the target low humidity can be maintained by intermittent spraying (such as 30%RH±5% for the drought group).

[0089] Simulation of a combined stress scenario: drought and fog coupling: releasing micron-sized fog droplets (particle size <20μm, suspension time >30 minutes) to simulate the effect of brief morning fog on crop canopy microhumidity during the dry season and to study the compensatory effect of fog droplet condensation on leaf water potential.

[0090] Foliar water control experiment: By spraying in a targeted manner (such as spraying only the soil surface or crop root zone), the different stress mechanisms of "atmospheric drought" and "soil drought" on crops are distinguished, providing data support for precision irrigation technology.

[0091] Anti-condensation protection: In the low-temperature winter test, micro-spraying combined with heating wire 53 prevents condensation from dripping from the inner wall of the top cover 3 (dew point temperature controlled < ambient temperature 2℃), avoiding water droplets from interfering with soil moisture monitoring or causing crop diseases.

[0092] The function of blower 51: Controllable airflow input: Centrifugal blower 51 (air volume 50500m³ / h) is used, and its speed is adjusted by a PLC control system to achieve two modes: "external air introduction" and "internal circulation". External circulation mode: In the early stage of drought simulation, dry external air is introduced to quickly reduce the humidity inside the device; Internal circulation mode: During the stable period, the air inlet valve 5 is closed, and only internal air is circulated to avoid interference from external pollutants such as dust and insects. Pressure balance control: Linked with exhaust fan 61 at air outlet 6, the internal air pressure is maintained in balance with the external pressure (pressure difference <10Pa) through a differential pressure sensor (accuracy ±0.1Pa) to prevent deformation of the sealed space or difficulty in opening and closing the door, ensuring the structural safety of long-term operation.

[0093] Pollutant filtration pretreatment: In conjunction with the air filter element at the front end of the pipeline (filtration accuracy 5μm), impurities such as sand and pollen in the outside air are removed to avoid clogging of the atomizing spray nozzles or affecting the accuracy of the detection probe 14.

[0094] The function of the first temperature and humidity meter 52 is to calibrate the intake parameters in real time. It adopts a high-precision sensor (humidity accuracy ±1.5%RH, temperature accuracy ±0.3℃) to provide real-time feedback on the intake status to the control system. If the ambient air humidity is found to increase suddenly (such as sudden dampness during the rainy season), the heating wire 53 is automatically triggered to raise the temperature to reduce the relative humidity (such as raising the intake temperature from 25℃ to 30℃ and reducing the relative humidity from 60%RH to 40%RH).

[0095] Multi-mode switching trigger: When the intake air temperature is detected to be more than 10°C lower than the target value, the heating wire 53 high temperature compensation mode is automatically activated; if the intake air humidity is higher than the drought simulation threshold (e.g., >40%RH), the exhaust fan 61 is linked to increase the exhaust volume and accelerate the replacement of internal dry air.

[0096] Data traceability support: Store historical intake data (time resolution of 1 minute) to facilitate tracing the impact of external environmental fluctuations on internal regulation during the test, and provide a basis for test error analysis.

[0097] The function of heating wire 53: Wide-range precise temperature control: Utilizing a nickel-chromium alloy heating wire 53 (power adjustable from 0.5kW), combined with a PID control algorithm, the intake air temperature can be raised from 15℃ to 45℃ within 10 minutes (temperature control accuracy ±0.5℃), meeting the simulation requirements of drought temperatures in different climate zones (e.g., 20-25℃ in spring drought in North China, 35-40℃ in summer drought in Northwest China). Energy-saving mode optimization: By monitoring the temperature distribution within the device using a thermal imager, when a localized low-temperature area is detected (e.g., corner temperature < target value 2℃), the power of the heating wire 53 at the corresponding air inlet 5 in that area is automatically increased, avoiding energy waste from global heating and achieving energy savings of over 30% compared to traditional devices. Overheat protection: A built-in temperature fuse (fusing temperature 50℃) automatically cuts off power when the surface temperature of the heating wire 53 rises abnormally, interlocking with the blower 51 to stop the machine, preventing high-temperature damage to pipelines or safety accidents.

[0098] The function of exhaust fan 61: Air replacement efficiency control: An axial flow exhaust fan 61 (air volume matched with blower 51) is used. By adjusting the blade angle, 0-100% air volume output is achieved. Combined with the opening of the inlet valve 5, the air replacement cycle within the device is controlled (e.g., replacement cycle < 10 minutes during rapid drying, replacement cycle > 30 minutes during stable conditions). Exhaust gas treatment interface: An activated carbon filter module interface is reserved for adsorbing crop volatiles that may be generated during the experiment (e.g., drought-induced ethylene gas), avoiding secondary pollution that could affect detection accuracy and meeting special needs such as ecotoxicology experiments. Negative pressure leak-proof design: In the event of a device seal failure warning (e.g., when the second temperature and humidity meter 62 detects a sudden increase in humidity), it automatically switches to a "strong exhaust + weak blower" mode, creating a 510Pa negative pressure to prevent further penetration of external moisture, buying time for emergency maintenance.

[0099] The function of the second temperature and humidity meter 62: closed-loop control feedback core: real-time monitoring of the actual temperature and humidity inside the device (forming an "input-output" data pair with the first temperature and humidity meter 52), and evaluating the efficiency of the control system through difference calculation (e.g., when the target humidity is 30%RH and the outlet humidity is 32%RH, automatically reducing the atomization spray interval time).

[0100] Leakage fault diagnosis: When the outlet air humidity is consistently higher than the inlet air humidity and the difference is greater than 5%RH (excluding spray operation), it is determined that the seal of partition 2 / top cover 3 has failed, triggering an audible and visual alarm and recording the leak location (located by multiple temperature and humidity meter arrays), thus improving the level of intelligent equipment maintenance.

[0101] Crop transpiration rate inversion: Combining inlet air flow rate and inlet / outlet air humidity difference, the crop transpiration rate is calculated using the law of conservation of mass (error <5%), eliminating the need for an additional weighing lysimeter, simplifying the experimental process and reducing costs.

[0102] Typical application example; scenario: drought stress experiment during maize seedling stage.

[0103] Initial settings:

[0104] Simulated light source 31: light intensity 800 μmol / m²・s, light period 14 hours (6:00 20:00).

[0105] Turbine fan 32: wind speed 2m / s (simulating a field breeze);

[0106] Heating wire 53: Temperature 28℃ (optimal growth temperature of maize + 5℃ drought stress);

[0107] Atomized spray: Off (target humidity 30%RH);

[0108] Blower 51 / Exhaust Fan 61: External circulation mode, replacing air once per hour.

[0109] Dynamic regulation:

[0110] When the second temperature and humidity meter 62 detects that the humidity has risen to 35%RH (possibly due to corn transpiration), it automatically activates the heating wire 53 to raise the temperature by 1°C, thereby reducing the relative humidity by increasing the air's water retention capacity.

[0111] The detection rod 13 showed that the soil moisture in the 020cm layer dropped to 40% of the field water holding capacity (moderate drought), triggering the humidification network 15 to perform quantitative drip irrigation (200ml / area) when the nighttime photoperiod is turned off, simulating the scenario of artificial supplementary irrigation.

[0112] Through the precise coordination of the aforementioned components, the device can reproduce the entire process from "intervention of crop physiological response regulation measures under drought stress" within a single enclosed space, providing a standardized and high-precision experimental platform for agricultural drought resistance research.

[0113] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "vertical," "horizontal," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0114] Unless otherwise specified, all structural components mentioned in this application use the common names of existing, mature products. Differences in specific models or categories do not affect the device's ability to fulfill its designed functions.

[0115] Furthermore, the terms "A," "B," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0116] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0117] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An agricultural meteorological drought simulation and observation device, characterized in that, include: The base plate, which is laid underground; A partition is provided on the side wall of the base plate. Multiple partitions are provided and connected in a ring. The upper surface of the partition is 5 or 10 centimeters above the ground. A top cover, which is disposed on the partition, and the height of the top cover is not less than 2 meters; The work window is a door frame installed in the side wall of the top cover, and a door panel installed in the work window by a sealing ring is provided; An air inlet is provided on one side wall of the top cover. An exhaust duct is installed on the air inlet, and a blower, a first temperature and humidity meter, and a heating wire are installed inside the exhaust duct. An air outlet is provided on the upper surface of the top cover, and an exhaust fan and a second temperature and humidity meter are provided on the air outlet. The base plate, the partition, and the top cover form a sealed space.

2. The agricultural meteorological drought simulation experimental observation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base plate includes a concrete slab and a beam slab. A permeable board is laid on the base plate. The permeable board is a foam board with a thickness of not less than 5 cm and has multiple permeable holes. A detection rod is installed in the base plate, the detection rod passes through the seepage hole, the upper end of the detection rod is 5 cm above the soil surface, and multiple detection probes are installed in the detection rod.

3. The agricultural meteorological drought simulation and observation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner surfaces of the base plate and the partition are coated with a hydrophobic layer. The partition is provided with reinforcing ribs for support. The inner surface of the partition is equipped with a support bracket. The lower end of the support bracket is fixedly installed on the base plate.

4. The agricultural meteorological drought simulation experimental observation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heat insulation layer is provided on the outer side of the partition, and the partition and the top cover are sealed together by structural adhesive.

5. The agricultural meteorological drought simulation experimental observation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top cover is provided with a heat insulation interlayer, the upper end face of the top cover has a funnel-shaped structure, the top cover is provided with a simulated light source, the top cover is suspended with a turbulence fan, and the turbulence fan is provided with an atomizing spray device below it.

6. The agricultural meteorological drought simulation experimental observation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The permeation plate is equipped with a humidification pipe network, which is connected to the water supply pipe. The diameter of the permeation holes is not less than 10 cm. The permeation holes are arranged in a matrix, and the humidification pipe network is equipped with drip outlets at the corresponding permeation hole positions.

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