Machine and method for performing agricultural operations

Abstract

MACHINE AND METHOD FOR PERFORMING AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS The present invention discloses a machine and a method for performing one or more 5 agricultural operations The machine (100) features a main body (102) with attachment mounting interfaces (104) on multiple sides for releasably connecting diverse agricultural attachments (118). A powertrain assembly (106) with a configurable adapter unit (108) supports interchangeable tracked and wheeled mobility while adjusting ground clearance and wheel-track lateral spacing. A 10 propulsion unit (110) delivers rotational, mechanical, and electrical power to the machine (100) and the agricultural attachments (118). A plurality of sensors (112) generates comprehensive environmental, positional, and operational data. Microcontrollers (114) and a memory unit (116) execute instructions for operation- profile generation, attachment detection, attachment identification, autonomous and 15 user-directed navigation, and closed-loop control. The machine (100) enables intelligent attachment management and adaptive, data-driven execution of varied agricultural operations. 1 20

Description

[0001] MACHINE AND METHOD FOR PERFORMING AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS

[0002] EARLIEST PRIORITY DATE:

[0003] This Application claims priority from a Provisional patent application filed in India having Patent Application No. 202441100936, filed on 19th December 2024 and titled “A MACHINE FOR AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS”.

[0004] FIELD OF INVENTION

[0005] Embodiments of the present invention relate to agricultural machinery and automation systems and more particularly relate to a machine and a method for performing one or more agricultural operations.

[0006] BACKGROUND

[0007] A field of agricultural mechanisation has seen steady development from manually operated tools to automated machines employed for repetitive farm operations. Existing machines are generally engineered for a single dedicated function, such as tilling, spraying, and weed removal. Although these existing machines provide improved efficiency for their intended task, farmers are required to purchase and operate multiple independent machines to manage a full crop cycle. This creates operational complexity, high ownership costs, and increased space and maintenance requirements for small and medium-scale farms. Existing disclosures confirm that task-specific machines are optimised only for one type of operation, limiting their versatility across multiple agricultural operations.

[0008] Most commercially available agricultural machines are developed with a fixed mechanical architecture. Their wheel spacing, steering geometry, and ground clearance remain constant during operation, making the agricultural machines unsuitable for varied field conditions such as raised beds, wet paddy fields, orchards with narrow spacing, and high-density plantations. Because physical dimensions of such agricultural machines cannot be adjusted, operators face difficulty in maintaining the required distance from crops, resulting in accidental stem and root damage during field traversal. Prior descriptions show that traditional machines are configured with predefined height and wheel configurations that limit their flexibility across diverse terrains.

[0009] Existing automatic machines utilise multiple powered motors to independently drive traction systems and operational tools. Conventional configurations rely on four or more motors, increasing electrical load, battery consumption, and control complexity. In addition to higher power usage, the use of the multiple powered motors introduces additional failure points and requires more frequent maintenance. This increases downtime during peak agricultural periods and results in higher operating costs for farmers.

[0010] The limitations of the existing machines become more evident when they are deployed across crops with different planting arrangements. The machines optimised for straight-row crops fail to deliver satisfactory performance in fields with irregular patterns such as orchards, vineyards, hill slopes, or mixed plantation systems. The absence of adaptive systems for steering configuration, traction type, and height adjustment limits the ability of current machines to operate efficiently under different farm conditions. As a result, the farmers are forced to switch between specialised machines and make physical modifications that are timeconsuming and impractical for day-to-day agricultural operations.

[0011] While certain existing machines permit external tool mounting, a tool interface is generally not standardised, requiring manual assembly, alignment, and securing processes. This results in extended setup time and exposes the operators to safety risks during attachment changeover. Additionally, conventional machines lack intelligent communication systems between a main machine and an agricultural attachment. Due to the absence of real-time feedback data such as torque load, blade depth, and actuator position, the agricultural attachments operate without adaptive control.

[0012] Autonomous and semi-autonomous agricultural systems are beginning to enter the market; however, their control architecture is based on simplified logic and limited perception. The autonomous and semi -autonomous agricultural systems may rely on basic sensors and predefined movement paths, without the ability to interpret real-time field conditions. As a result, such machines cannot dynamically adjust their movement speed, tool depth, and spray pattern based on crop height, soil density, and terrain slope. Real-time decision making, such as avoiding overload in dense weed regions or conserving chemical spray in gaps, is not supported in most autonomous and semi-autonomous agricultural systems. An artificial intelligence (Al)-enabled perception and automated decision logic remain limited in the current generation of the agricultural machines.

[0013] The combined effect of these technical limitations creates economic and operational challenges for the farmers. Since machines are specialised and task-specific, a complete agricultural workflow requires multiple independent units. A capital investment required to acquire different machines for planting, harvesting, tilling, weeding, and spraying is not feasible for small and medium-scale farmers. In addition, the specialised configuration of each machine demands unique maintenance procedures, spare parts, and operator skills, further increasing total cost of ownership.

[0014] Therefore, there exists a technical requirement for a unified agricultural machine architecture capable of performing the multiple agricultural operations without the need for dedicated standalone machines. Such a machine must overcome the limitations of fixed mechanical configuration, high motor count, lack of standardised attachment interfaces, and absence of intelligent control. A solution that can adapt to diverse crop layouts, field conditions, and operational requirements, while reducing cost and complexity, would provide significant improvement over existing agricultural machinery.

[0015] SUMMARY

[0016] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts, in a simple manner, which is further described in the detailed description of the disclosure. This summary is neither intended to identify key or essential inventive concepts of the subject matter nor to determine the scope of the disclosure.

[0017] In order to overcome the above deficiencies of the prior art, the present disclosure solves the technical problem by providing a machine for performing one or more agricultural operations.

[0018] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the machine for performing the one or more agricultural operations is disclosed. The machine comprises a main body, a plurality of attachment mounting interfaces, a powertrain assembly, a propulsion unit, a plurality of sensors, one or more microcontrollers, and a memory unit.

[0019] Yet in another embodiment, the main body comprises a first side, a second side, a third side and a fourth side. The one or more agricultural operations comprise at least one of a tilling operation, a soil-cultivation operation, a weed-removal operation, a grass-cutting operation, a pesticide-spraying operation, a waterspraying operation, a chemical-spraying operation, a soil-depth adjustment operation, a row-wise deweeding operation, a harvesting operation, a seeding operation, a sowing operation, a sapling operation, a fertiliser operation, a crop monitoring and scouting operation, and a data collection and field-mapping operation.

[0020] Yet in another embodiment, the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces is disposed on at least one of: the first side, the second side, the third side and the fourth side of the main body. Each attachment mounting interface of the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces is configured to releasably connect a plurality of agricultural attachments with corresponding identification data. The plurality of attachment mounting interfaces is selected from a group that comprises one of: a snap-fit mounting interface, a magnetic mounting interface, a quick -release latch mounting interface, a bayonet-type twist-lock mounting interface, a spring-loaded pin mounting interface, and a lever-actuated clamp mounting interface.

[0021] Yet in another embodiment, the powertrain assembly is operatively mounted in the main body. The powertrain assembly is configured to interchangeably support mounting of one of: a tracked assembly and a wheel assembly through a configurable adapter unit, for providing mobility to the machine. The configurable adapter unit is operatively connected to the powertrain assembly on the third side and the fourth side of the main body. The configurable adapter unit is configured to actuate a position of one of: the tracked assembly and the wheel assembly relative to the main body for managing at least one of: ground clearance and wheel -track lateral spacing based on one of: terrain conditions and vegetation conditions. The configurable adapter unit comprises at least one telescopic member and at least one vertical adjustment member configured to vary the ground clearance and the wheeltrack lateral spacing.

[0022] Yet in another embodiment, the propulsion unit is operatively connected to the powertrain assembly. The propulsion unit is configured to: a) provide rotational motion to one of: the tracked assembly and the wheel assembly; b) transmit mechanical power to the plurality of agricultural attachments through a power-take- off (PTO) shaft; and c) transmit electrical power to the plurality of agricultural attachments. The propulsion unit comprises an actuation unit selected from one of: an internal combustion (IC) engine and an electric motor powered with one of: a swapable power source and a rechargeable power source, configured to provide at least one of: the mechanical power and the electrical power to the machine and the plurality of agricultural attachments.

[0023] Yet in another embodiment, the plurality of sensors is operatively positioned on the main body at diverse positions. The plurality of sensors is configured to generate sensor data comprising attachment-presence data, attachment lock-state data, vegetation-layout data, field-geometry data, terrain-profile data, vegetation-density data, visual data, obstacle data, depth data, voltage data, and actuation-unit feedback data. The plurality of sensors comprises: a) one or more attachmentpresence sensors configured to generate the attachment-presence data; b) one or more locking-state sensors configured to generate the attachment lock-state data; c) one or more first sensors comprising a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor and an ultrasonic sensor configured to generate the vegetation-layout data and the field-geometry data; d) a terrain-profile sensor configured to generate the terrain-profile data; e) a vegetation-density sensor configured to generate the vegetation-density data; f) a visual capturing unit and the ultrasonic sensor configured to generate the visual data and the obstacle data; g) a ground -di stance sensor configured to generate the depth data; h) a voltage sensor configured to generate the voltage data of one of: the swapable power source and the rechargeable power source; and i) an inertial measurement unit configured to generate the actuation-unit feedback data.

[0024] The plurality of agricultural attachments comprises at least one of: a rotavator attachment, a grass cutter attachment, a sprayer attachment, and a cultivator attachment. The plurality of agricultural attachments further comprises at least one of: a seeding attachment, a transplanting attachment, a fertiliser attachment, a harvesting attachment, a pruning attachment, a crop monitoring attachment, and a residue management attachment. The rotavator attachment is operatively connected on the second side of the main body with the PTO shaft for receiving the mechanical power. The rotavator attachment is configured to perform the weed-removal operation in a vegetation. The rotavator attachment comprises: a) a mounting adapter configured with a depth control mechanism to maintain proper tilling depth; b) a plurality of tilling blades configured to till the soil and cut weed in the vegetation; c) a back plough mounted at a rear end of the rotavator attachment, configured to remove the weed in the vegetation; and d) a rotavator actuator operatively connected with the one or more microcontrollers, configured to control a depth of cut by receiving one of: the control signal from an end device and the selected at least one agricultural operation profile within the plurality of agricultural operation profiles.

[0025] The grass cutter attachment is operatively connected on one of: the first side and the second side of the main body through a front hitch bar of the main body. The grass cutter attachment is configured to receive the electrical power from the propulsion unit to perform the grass-cutting operation. The grass cutter attachment comprises: a) a hitch pivot operatively connected to the front hitch bar, configured to provide a flexibility to the grass cutter attachment at uneven terrains in the vegetation; b) a height alteration unit operatively coupled with the hitch pivot, configured to provide defined height to the grass cutter attachment based on receiving one of: the control signal from the end device and the selected at least one agricultural operation profile within the plurality of agricultural operation profiles; c) a cutting blades assembly operatively connected to the height alteration unit, configured to perform the grass-cutting operation; and d) a support wheel assembly operatively connected to the cutting blades assembly via a height alteration lever, configured to provide additional support to the grass cutter attachment and provide the defined height to the cutting blades assembly in the uneven terrains.

[0026] The sprayer attachment is operatively connected to the second side of the main body for receiving the mechanical power and the electrical power. The sprayer attachment is configured to perform the water-spraying operation, the pesticidespraying operation and the chemical-spraying operation in the vegetation. The sprayer attachment comprises: a) a sprayer actuation unit operatively connected to one of the PTO shaft and the propulsion unit configured to receive at least one of the mechanical power and the electrical power; b) an adaptable sprayer frame operatively connected to sprayer actuation unit, configured to alter the adaptable sprayer frame to a pre-defined angle for spraying one of water, pesticide and chemical in a targeted direction on the vegetation; and c) a plurality of nozzles operatively positioned on the adaptable sprayer frame, configured to connect with a reservoir tank through one or more liquid hose pipes for receiving one of the water, the pesticide, and the chemical, for performing the water-spraying operation, the pesticide-spraying operation and the chemical-spraying operation in the vegetation.

[0027] The cultivator attachment is operatively connected on the second side of the main body. The cultivator attachment is configured to perform the tilling operation, the soil-cultivation operation, and the row-wise deweeding operation. The cultivator attachment comprises: a) a cultivator attachment lifter assembly operatively connected to the main body, configured to alter a height of the cultivator attachment with respect to a ground; b) a cultivator attachment actuator operatively connected to the cultivator attachment lifter assembly, configured to actuate the cultivator attachment lifter assembly to maintain a pre-defined depth during the tilling operation, the soil-cultivation operation, and the row-wise deweeding operation; and c) a cutting blade is operatively coup led to the cultivator attachment lifter assembly, configured to perform the tilling operation and the row-wise deweeding operation.

[0028] Yet in another embodiment, the one or more microcontrollers are operatively connected to the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces and the plurality of sensors through a bidirectional communication interface. The memory unit is operatively connected to the one or more microcontrollers, wherein the memory unit comprises a set of instructions in form of a plurality of subsystems, configured to be executed by the one or more microcontrollers. The plurality of subsystems comprises an operation profile generating subsystem, an agricultural attachments detection subsystem, an agricultural attachments identification subsystem, a navigation subsystem, and a control subsystem.

[0029] Yet in another embodiment, the operation profile generating subsystem is configured to generate a plurality of agricultural operation profiles based on one of: a) obtaining one or more operational parameters for each agricultural attachment of the plurality of agricultural attachments through a user interface in accordance with vegetation type and b) determining the one or more operational parameters for each agricultural attachment of the plurality of agricultural attachments based on at least one of: the visual data, the vegetation-layout data, the field-geometry data, the terrain-profile data, the vegetation-density data, using one or more artificial intelligence models.

[0030] The one or more artificial intelligence models comprise at least one of: a segmentation model, a classification model, an object-detection model, a terrainestimation model, a vegetation-density estimation model, a field-geometry interpretation model, and an operational-parameter generation model. The plurality of agricultural operation profiles comprises at least one of: a tilling operation profile, a soil-cultivation operation profile, a weed-removal operation profile, a grass-cutting operation profile, a pesticide-spraying operation profile, a waterspraying operation profile, a chemical-spraying operation profile, a soil-depth adjustment operation profile, a row-wise deweeding operation profile, a harvesting operation profile, a seeding operation profile, a sowing operation profile, a sapling operation profile, a planting operation profile, a fertilising operation profile, a crop monitoring and scouting operation profile, and a data collection and field-mapping operation profile.

[0031] The one or more artificial intelligence models are trained on at least one of: historical sensor data, and historical operational parameters, to generate the one or more operational parameters for each agricultural attachment based on processing the corresponding identification data, thereby generating a corresponding agricultural operation profile of the plurality of agricultural operation profiles.

[0032] Yet in another embodiment, the agricultural attachments detection subsystem is configured to: a) determine at least one agricultural attachment within the plurality of agricultural attachments connected to at least one attachment mounting interface within the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces based on the attachmentpresence data; and b) determine secure engagement of the at least one agricultural attachment based on the attachment lock-state data. The agricultural attachments detection subsystem is further configured to disable transmission of the mechanical power and the electrical power to the at least one agricultural attachment until secure engagement is determined based on the attachment lock-state data.

[0033] Yet in another embodiment, the agricultural attachments identification subsystem is configured to receive the corresponding identification data of the plurality of agricultural attachments at a time of connection to the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces for selecting at least one agricultural operation profile within the plurality of agricultural operation profiles. The agricultural attachments identification subsystem is further configured to perform an authentication protocol with the at least one agricultural attachment to verify authenticity of the corresponding identification data.

[0034] Yet in another embodiment, the navigation subsystem is configured to one of: a) receive control signals from the end device operated by a user for navigating the machine in the user-defined direction and b) generate a navigation map using the one or more artificial intelligence models based on processing at least one of: the vegetation-layout data, the field-geometry data, the terrain-profile data, the visual data, the obstacle data, and the vegetation-density data, for navigating the machine along the navigation map. The one or more artificial intelligence models in the navigation subsystem are further configured to generate the navigation map by performing at least one of: a segmentation process, a classification process, and a geometric fitting process on at least one of: the visual data, the vegetation -layout data and the field-geometry data.

[0035] Yet in another embodiment, the control subsystem is configured to one of a) receive the control signal from the end device to trigger the one or more operational parameters for performing the one or more agricultural operations and b) autonomously control each agricultural attachment of the plurality of agricultural attachments based on the selected at least one agricultural operation profile within the plurality of agricultural operation profiles for performing the one or more agricultural operations. The one or more operational parameters comprise rotational-speed parameters, depth set-points, height set-points, steering parameters, tool -engagement commands and power-delivery commands for the plurality of agricultural attachments.

[0036] The control subsystem is further configured to generate closed-loop operational commands for each agricultural attachment of the plurality of agricultural attachments based on at least one of torque data, revolutions per minute data, temperature data and the actuator-position data associated with the actuation-unit feedback data. The control subsystem is further configured to autonomously adjust one of a working height and a working depth of the at least one agricultural attachment based on the depth data and the actuation-unit feedback data.

[0037] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a method for performing the one or more agricultural operations using the machine is disclosed. In the first step, the method includes releasably connecting at least one agricultural attachment of the plurality of agricultural attachments to at least one attachment mounting interface of the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces on the main body. In the next step, the method includes mounting one of: the tracked assembly and the wheel assembly through the configurable adapter unit to the powertrain assembly in the main body to provide mobility to the machine.

[0038] In the next step, the method includes actuating, by the configurable adapter unit, the position of one of: the tracked assembly and the wheel assembly relative to the main body to manage at least one of: the ground clearance and the wheel-track lateral spacing based on one of: the terrain conditions and the vegetation conditions.

[0039] In the next step, the method includes operating the propulsion unit in the main body to: a) provide the rotational motion to one of: the tracked assembly and the wheel assembly; b) transmit the mechanical power to the plurality of agricultural attachments through the PTO shaft; and c) transmit the electrical power to the plurality of agricultural attachments.

[0040] In the next step, the method includes generating, by the plurality of sensors, the sensor data comprising the attachment-presence data, the attachment lock-state data, the vegetation-layout data, the field-geometry data, the terrain-profile data, the vegetation-density data, the visual data, the obstacle data, the depth data, the voltage data, and the actuation-unit feedback data.

[0041] In the next step, the method includes generating, by the one or more microcontrollers, the plurality of agricultural operation profiles based on one of: a) obtaining the one or more operational parameters for each agricultural attachment of the plurality of agricultural attachments through the user interface in accordance with the vegetation type and b) determining the one or more operational parameters for each agricultural attachment of the plurality of agricultural attachments based on at least one of: the visual data, the vegetation-layout data, the field-geometry data, the terrain-profile data, the vegetation-density data, using the one or more artificial intelligence models. In the next step, the method includes determining, by the one or more microcontrollers, the at least one agricultural attachment within the plurality of agricultural attachments connected to the at least one attachment mounting interface within the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces based on the attachmentpresence data.

[0042] In the next step, the method includes determining, by the one or more microcontrollers, secure engagement of the at least one agricultural attachment based on the attachment lock-state data.

[0043] In the next step, the method includes receiving, by the one or more microcontrollers, the corresponding identification data of the plurality of agricultural attachments at the time of connection to the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces for selecting at least one agricultural operation profile within the plurality of agricultural operation profiles.

[0044] In the next step, the method includes navigating, by the one or more microcontrollers, the machine through one of: a) receiving the control signals from the end device operated by the user for navigating the machine in the user-defined direction; and b) generating the navigation map using the one or more artificial intelligence models based on processing at least one of: the vegetation-layout data, the field-geometry data, the terrain-profile data, the visual data, the obstacle data, and the vegetation-density data.

[0045] In the next step, the method includes performing, by the one or more microcontrollers, the one or more agricultural operations based on one of: a) receiving the control signal from the end device to trigger the one or more operational parameters; and b) autonomously controlling each agricultural attachment of the plurality of agricultural attachments based on the selected at least one agricultural operation profile within the plurality of agricultural operation profiles. To further clarify the advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will follow by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which are illustrated in the appended figures. It is to be appreciated that these figures depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting in scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the appended figures.

[0046] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] The disclosure will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the accompanying figures in which:

[0048] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary block diagram depicting a machine for performing one or more agricultural operations, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] FIG. 2A illustrates an exemplary isometric view of a main body associated with the machine, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] FIG. 2B illustrates an exemplary isometric view of the main body depicting a hot swapping assembly, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] FIGs. 3-4 illustrate exemplary side views of the main body, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary front view of the main body, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary rear view of the main body, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary bottom view of the main body, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary isometric view of the main body with a wheel assembly, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] FIG 9 illustrates an exemplary side view of the main body connected to a rotavator attachment, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] FIG 10 illustrates an exemplary rear view of the main body connected to the rotavator attachment, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] FIG 11 illustrates an exemplary side view of the main body connected to a grass cutter attachment, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] FIG 12 illustrates an exemplary isometric view of the main body connected to the grass cutter attachment, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] FIG 13 illustrates an exemplary isometric view of the main body connected to a sprayer attachment in a horizontal wing position, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] FIG 14 illustrates an exemplary isometric view of the main body connected to the sprayer attachment in a vertical wing position, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] FIG 15 illustrates an exemplary isometric view of the main body connected to a cultivator attachment, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] FIG. 16 illustrates an exemplary block diagram representation of a network architecture depicting the machine for performing the one or more agricultural operations, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 17 illustrates an exemplary block diagram representation of the machine as shown in FIG. 16 for performing the one or more agricultural operations, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0063] FIG. 18A-18B illustrates an exemplary flow diagram representation depicting a method for performing the one or more agricultural operations using the machine, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0064] Further, those skilled in the art will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and may not have necessarily been drawn to scale. Furthermore, in terms of the method steps, equipment and parameters used herein may have been represented in the figures by conventional symbols, and the figures may show only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present disclosure so as not to obscure the figures with details that will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the description herein.

[0065] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

[0066] For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the disclosure, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the figures and specific language will be used to describe them. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the disclosure is thereby intended. Such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated system, and such further applications of the principles of the disclosure as would normally occur to those skilled in the art are to be construed as being within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0067] The terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method that comprises a list of steps does not include only those steps but may include other steps not expressly listed or inherent to such a process or method. Similarly, one or more components, preceded by "comprises... a" does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other components or additional components. Appearances of the phrase "in an embodiment", "in another embodiment" and similar language throughout this specification may, but not necessarily do, all refer to the same embodiment.

[0068] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The system, methods, and examples provided herein are only illustrative and not intended to be limiting.

[0069] In the following specification and the claims, reference will be made to a number of terms, which shall be defined to have the following meanings. The singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0070] A computer system (standalone, client or server computer system) configured by an application may constitute a “module” (or “subsystem”) that is configured and operated to perform certain operations. In one embodiment, the “module” or “subsystem” may be implemented mechanically or electronically, so a module includes dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured (within a special-purpose processor) to perform certain operations. In another embodiment, a “module” or “subsystem” may also comprise programmable logic or circuitry (as encompassed within a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor) that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations.

[0071] Accordingly, the term “module” or “subsystem” should be understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed permanently configured (hardwired) or temporarily configured (programmed) to operate in a certain manner and / or to perform certain operations described herein. Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to FIG. 1 through FIG. 18B, where similar reference characters denote corresponding features consistently throughout the figures, there are shown preferred embodiments, and these embodiments are described in the context of the following exemplary system and / or method.

[0072] Embodiments of the present invention relate to a machine for performing one or more agricultural operations.

[0073] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary block diagram depicting the machine 100 for performing the one or more agricultural operations, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0074] FIG. 2A illustrates an exemplary isometric view of a main body 102 associated with the machine 100, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] FIG. 2B illustrates an exemplary isometric view of the main body 102 depicting a hot swapping assembly, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0076] FIGs. 3-4 illustrate exemplary side views of the main body 102, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0077] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary front view of the main body 102, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0078] FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary rear view of the main body 102, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0079] FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary bottom view of the main body 102, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary isometric view of the main body 102 with a wheel assembly 802, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0080] According to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the machine 100 for performing the one or more agricultural operations is disclosed. The machine 100 comprises the main body 102, a plurality of attachment mounting interfaces 104, a powertrain assembly 106, a propulsion unit 110, a plurality of not shown sensors 112, one or more microcontrollers 114, and a memory unit 116.

[0081] In an exemplary embodiment, the main body 102 is a structural and functional platform configured to integrate with a plurality of agricultural attachments 118. The main body 102 provides mechanical rigidity, load -bearing strength, and interface geometry required for performing diverse one or more agricultural operations in a variety of field conditions. The main body 102 comprises a first side 306, a second side 308, a third side 804, and a fourth side 806, each side acting as a distinct functional interface for agricultural attachment mounting. This arrangement provides flexibility for performing the one or more agricultural operations one of: simultaneously and sequentially.

[0082] The one or more agricultural operations comprise, but not restricted to, at least one of: a tilling operation, a soil-cultivation operation, a weed-removal operation, a grass-cutting operation, a pesticide-spraying operation, a water-spraying operation, a chemical-spraying operation, a soil-depth adjustment operation, a row-wise deweeding operation, and the like. The one or more agricultural operations may also comprise at least one of: harvesting operations, seeding or sowing operations, sapling or transplant plantation operations, fertilizer or nutrient dosing operations, crop monitoring and scouting operations, data collection and field-mapping operations, and combinations thereof.

[0083] The tilling operation is a soil-working process in which a powered agricultural attachment within the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 loosens, breaks, and aerates soil to prepare the soil for planting activities. The soil-cultivation operation is an agricultural process in which upper soil layers are mixed and agitated to improve soil structure, root penetration, and nutrient availability. The weedremoval operation is a controlled action in which unwanted vegetation is uprooted and cut to prevent competition for crop nutrients, sunlight, and water. The grasscutting operation is a height-control process in which grass and crop residue are trimmed to maintain uniform crop height and prevent excessive overgrowth. The pesticide-spraying operation is an application process in which pest-control chemicals are delivered to vegetation to prevent and remediate pest infestation. The water-spraying operation is a targeted irrigation process in which water is sprayed onto the vegetation during field movement and crop care activities. The chemicalspraying operation is a liquid distribution process in which agricultural chemicals such as fertilisers, micronutrients, and herbicides are delivered to the vegetation. The soil-depth adjustment operation is a control process in which a working depth of a soil -engaging tool (one of the plurality of agricultural attachments 118) is altered based on terrain conditions and crop stage. The row-wise deweeding operation is a selective weed-removal process in which weeds are removed between crop rows without damaging planted vegetation.

[0084] In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces 104 is disposed on at least one of: the first side 306, the second side 308, the third side 804, and the fourth side 806 of the main body 102. Each attachment mounting interface 104 of the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces 104 is geometrically integrated with a structural surface of a respective side of the main body 102 and provides a standardised physical interface for attaching and removing the plurality of agricultural attachments 118. The placement of the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces 104 across multiple sides enables the machine 100 to position the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 at different orientations based on operation type, crop geometry, and terrain requirements. Each attachment mounting interface 104 is configured to releasably connect the plurality of agricultural attachments 118, wherein each agricultural attachment 118 of the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 is provided with corresponding identification data.

[0085] The plurality of attachment mounting interfaces 104 is selected from a group that comprises, but not limited to, one of: a snap-fit mounting interface, a magnetic mounting interface, a quick-release latch mounting interface, a bayonet-type twistlock mounting interface, a spring-loaded pin mounting interface, a lever-actuated clamp mounting interface, and the like. The plurality of attachment mounting interfaces 104 represents mechanical attachment geometries capable of achieving secure attachment positioning under varying vibration, torque, and load conditions during the one or more agricultural operations. Multiple attachment mounting interfaces 104 may be used individually or in combination, depending on the complexity and functional requirements of the agricultural attachment 118.

[0086] The snap-fit mounting interface includes an internal / external snap mechanism that locks into a corresponding feature of an attachment frame, enabling fast attachment exchange. Strong magnetic elements are embedded in the magnetic mounting interface and a corresponding attachment plate to create quick alignment and holding force for the plurality of agricultural attachments 118. The quick-release latch mounting interface incorporates a pivoting / sliding latch that secures the agricultural frame in a closed position, allowing rapid attachment removal by actuating the pivoting / sliding latch. The bayonet-type twist-lock mounting interface includes a circular locking geometry that engages with an agricultural attachment 118 of the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 through a twist-and-lock motion, enabling high-strength coupling suitable for rotary tools. The spring -loaded pin mounting interface includes at least one pin supported by a spring mechanism, which engages into a corresponding hole in the attachment frame. A spring force maintains the locked state during operation and is released manually for detachment. The lever-actuated clamp mounting interface includes a clamp mechanism actuated through a mechanical lever, enabling the attachment frame to be pressed into position and secured through an adjustable clamping force. In another exemplary embodiments, the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces 104 may also comprise one of: a three point hitch interface, a drawbar hitch mechanism, a power lift mechanism, a hydraulic hitch, a mid mount or belly mount, a-frame or a Euro hitch, a PTO integrated mounting, a front mounted hitch, and the like, depending on type of the agricultural attachment 118.

[0087] The integration of the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces 104 with automatic identification data and sensor feedback enables not only rapid attachment exchange but also intelligent configuration. Upon detecting the connection of the agricultural attachment 118, the machine 100 automatically reads the corresponding identification data, selects a corresponding agricultural operation profile of a plurality of agricultural operation profiles, and configures one or more operational parameters. This automated configuration reduces user dependency, minimises setup errors, and ensures that each agricultural attachment 118 performs its intended function with an optimised control logic.

[0088] The plurality of attachment mounting interfaces 104 enables the machine 100 to operate in both a manual mode and an autonomous mode. In the manual mode, a user may attach the agricultural attachment 118 and command the machine 100 through an end device to perform a specific agricultural operation. In the autonomous mode, the machine 100 automatically detects the connected agricultural attachment 118, interprets the field geometry and vegetation layout through the plurality of sensors 112, and executes the agricultural operation profile without manual intervention. The ability to combine standardised mechanical connections, electronic identification, and intelligent configuration allows the machine 100 to serve as a multi-purpose platform for performing the one or more agricultural operations using different agricultural attachment types. Apart from the manual mode and the autonomous mode, the machine 100 further operates in a semi-autonomous or supervised autonomous mode, wherein the user manually connects the agricultural attachment 118 and selects an autonomous operation mode through the end device, after which the machine 100 automatically performs the agricultural operation based on the selected agricultural operation profile.

[0089] In an exemplary embodiment, the powertrain assembly 106 is operatively mounted within the main body 102 and configured to deliver one of: mechanical power, electrical power, hydraulic power, and pneumatic power for machine propulsion and rotational torque for driving the plurality of agricultural attachments 118. The powertrain assembly 106 is positioned within a reinforced housing region of the main body 102, enabling reliable power transmission while maintaining compact structural geometry. The powertrain assembly 106 enables the machine 100 to operate in different agricultural environments through interchangeable mobility systems, allowing the user to equip the machine 100 with one of: a tracked assembly 202 and a wheel assembly 802 based on operational requirements.

[0090] The powertrain assembly 106 is configured to interchangeably support mounting of one of: the tracked assembly 202 and the wheel assembly 802 through a configurable adapter unit 108. The powertrain assembly 106 includes a drive interface region that mechanically couples with the configurable adapter unit 108, ensuring that the output torque from the propulsion unit 110 is transmitted to a traction system mounted on either side of the main body 102. This interchangeable configuration allows the machine 100 to adapt to different terrains, such as wet soil and paddy fields, where tracked mobility is preferred, and dry farmland and hard surfaces, where wheel mobility is more suitable.

[0091] The configurable adapter unit 108 is operatively connected to the powertrain assembly 106 on the third side 804 and the fourth side 806 of the main body 102. The configurable adapter unit 108 extends laterally from the main body 102 in a manner that permits mounting of at least one of: the tracked assembly 202 and the wheel assembly 802 on both sides of the machine 100. This operable connection between the configurable adapter unit 108 and the powertrain assembly 106 ensures synchronised power distribution to both sides of the machine 100 during forward motion, turning, and terrain compensation operations. In some embodiments, the configurable adapter unit 108 may be configured to provide lateral, transverse, adjustable, and telescopic movement to position at least one of the tracked assembly 202 and the wheel assembly 802.

[0092] The configurable adapter unit 108 is configured to actuate the position of one of the tracked assembly 202 and the wheel assembly 802 relative to the main body 102 for managing at least one of ground clearance and wheel-track lateral spacing based on one of terrain conditions and vegetation conditions. The configurable adapter unit 108 enables vertical movement of the traction system to increase and decrease the ground clearance depending on crop height and terrain elevation. Additionally, the configurable adapter unit 108 allows lateral movement to increase or reduce the distance between two traction units, thereby controlling the wheel-track lateral spacing based on crop row width and narrow plantation geometry. Also, the configurable adapter unit 108 may provide lateral movement, angular adjustment, tilt / articulation, and combined multi -axis movement.

[0093] The configurable adapter unit 108 enables raising or lowering the traction system relative to the main body 102, enabling the machine 100 to maintain a safe operating height above the vegetation. This feature reduces the risk of crop damage and allows the machine 100 to operate over different crop stages, including early growth and mature height conditions. This vertical adjustment also improves stability on uneven terrain, preventing the machine 100 from bottoming out in low -lying regions or making contact with raised soil beds. The configurable adapter unit 108 also enables varying the wheel-track lateral spacing between a left traction unit and a right traction unit. This lateral adjustment allows the machine 100 to match planted row spacing of different crop varieties. In narrow row plantations, the wheel-track lateral spacing can be minimised for compact machine movement, whereas in wide-row plantations, the wheel-track lateral spacing can be increased to ensure that the traction system travels between plant rows without disturbing crop stems and roots. The adjustment may be performed simultaneously to vary both the ground clearance and the wheel-track lateral spacing for the wheel assembly 802 or the tracked assembly 202.

[0094] The configurable adapter unit 108 comprises at least one telescopic member and at least one vertical adjustment member configured to vary the ground clearance and the wheel-track lateral spacing. The at least one telescopic member provides an adjustable extension mechanism that allows controlled lateral movement of traction mounting points. The at least one telescopic member integrates sliding rails, locking pins, and guided channels to achieve repeatable lateral adjustments without compromising structural rigidity. The at least one vertical adjustment member includes one of: a slotted mounting plate, linear actuator mechanism, and a guided link structure that enables precise height control of the traction system relative to the main body 102.

[0095] The at least one telescopic member of the configurable adapter unit 108 enables width variation through controlled extension or retraction along a lateral axis of the main body 102. This enables fast reconfiguration of a machine width when transitioning between field layouts. The at least one vertical adjustment member supports height change by sliding / actuating along a vertical axis, enabling the machine 100 to maintain optimum ground clearance based on vegetation height and uneven terrain conditions. Together, these mechanisms ensure that the machine 100 can be configured for a wide range of agricultural environments without requiring structural modifications.

[0096] In one exemplary embodiment, the at least one telescopic member incorporates a locking structure to ensure that the wheel-track lateral spacing remains constant during field operation. Mechanical locking pins can be inserted into predetermined positions to fix a telescopic extension length. In another exemplary embodiment, the at least one vertical adjustment member incorporates a powered actuator or a mechanical actuator which can be adjusted manually, configured to raise / lower the traction system through a controlled displacement value. The powered actuator receives height adjustment commands from the one or more microcontrollers 114 based on sensor data related to terrain-profile data and vegetation-density data.

[0097] The configurable adapter unit 108 enables modular conversion between the tracked mobility and the wheel mobility. In a tracked configuration, the tracked assembly 202 is mounted at lateral ends of the at least one telescopic member and supported vertically by the at least one vertical adjustment member. This configuration distributes machine load across a larger surface area, providing improved traction in muddy or unstable terrains. In a wheel configuration, the wheel assembly 802 is mounted onto the same mechanical interface through a quick-coupling mechanism, allowing the machine 100 to operate efficiently on hard surfaces and dry / wet soil. Mechanical locking mechanisms, supplemented by optional position sensors of the plurality of sensors 112, ensure that each adjustable component is secured in a safe, rigid, and reliable configuration. This arrangement allows the machine 100 to rapidly adapt to varying field conditions, crop heights, and row-spacing requirements with minimal setup time, while maintaining structural stability and operational accuracy during the one or more agricultural operations.

[0098] In some embodiments, the configurable adapter unit 108 is optional. In a standard configuration, the tracked assembly 202 and / or the wheel assembly 802 may be directly mounted to the main body 102 through drive shafts, hubs, bearings, and associated attachment mounting interfaces 104, without requiring the configurable adapter unit 108.

[0099] In an exemplary embodiment, the machine 100 integrates one of: skid steering and Ackermann steering mechanisms, providing optimal manoeuvrability in various farming conditions. The machine 100 may not have both steering mechanisms at the same time. Both are separate variants. The user needs to select which one they need before procuring the machine 100. The machine 100 is configured with options to integrate with either of the steering mechanisms. The skid steering mechanism enables the machine 100 to make tight turns and navigate confined spaces, while the Ackermann steering mechanism allows the machine 100 to smoothly follow curves without tire slippage, improving control and reducing power consumption. This dual steering capability ensures that the machine 100 may operate effectively on slopes, in tight spaces, and on different terrains, making the machine 100 more adaptable and efficient than machines with single steering mechanisms. This dual steering capability provides enhanced control and flexibility, allowing the machine 100 to navigate through challenging environments such as steep slopes, tight orchard rows, or uneven ground.

[0100] The machine 100, in the tracked configuration, employs the skid-steering mechanism in which each track of the tracked assembly 202 is driven independently by a dedicated electric motor and gearbox assembly. The skid-steering mechanism is accomplished by creating a controlled speed differential between left and right tracks of the tracked assembly 202, enabling smooth turning, pivot rotation, and zero-radius manoeuvring. This configuration provides optimal mobility in soft soil, wet agricultural environments, orchard floors, and regions with dense vegetation where wheeled systems may lose traction and experience slippage.

[0101] In a high-wheel variant, the machine 100 utilises the Ackermann steering mechanism configured as one of: a front-wheel and rear- wheel steering arrangement. Steering actuation is achieved through a tie-rod and steering-knuckle mechanism driven by an electric steering motor / engine-based motor, providing precise directional control. Steering actuation may also be achieved by independently controlling individual wheel driving units to produce the desired steering motion. This variant provides increased ground clearance and improved handling characteristics on firm terrain, dry soil / wet soil beds, and hard farm paths, making the machine 100 suitable for operations that require higher mobility speed and reduced surface disturbance.

[0102] A machine chassis 402 is configured with a modular interface that supports both a tracked skid-steering system and a high-wheel Ackermann steering system. This dual-mode integration enables the machine 100 to be reconfigured according to field requirements, allowing the user to switch between the tracked assembly 202 and the wheel assembly 802 depending on the terrain conditions, crop height, and operational needs. A shared chassis architecture ensures compatibility across mobility modes while maintaining structural integrity and consistent attachment functionality.

[0103] In alternative exemplary embodiments, the tracked assembly 202 comprises crawler-type tracks configured to provide enhanced traction and stability across soft soil, uneven terrain, muddy fields, and vegetated surfaces. The tracks may be manufactured from materials including, but not limited to, at least one of rubber, reinforced rubber, metal, steel, composite materials, elastomers, and combinations thereof. The tracked assembly 202 may include commercially available track types such as rubber tracks, steel / metal tracks, hybrid rubber-metal tracks, segmented / modular tracks, continuous belt tracks, chain-based tracks, low-ground- pressure tracks, and high-traction lugged tracks. The tracked assembly 202 may further comprise rollers, idlers, sprockets, and tensioning mechanisms, and support skid-steering operation with differential drive control.

[0104] In an exemplary embodiment, the propulsion unit 110 is operatively connected to the powertrain assembly 106. The propulsion unit 110 is configured to provide the necessary one of mechanical power, electrical power, hydraulic power, and pneumatic power required for machine movement and attachment execution. The propulsion unit 110 is positioned within a central structure of the main body 102 and is mechanically coupled to a drive train region, enabling the conversion of stored energy into rotational movement for driving one of the tracked assembly 202 and the wheel assembly 802. This configuration allows the propulsion unit 110 to act as a unified energy source for both vehicle mobility and the one or more agricultural operations. The propulsion unit 110 is configured to provide rotational motion to one of: the tracked assembly 202 and the wheel assembly 802 through the drive interface of the powertrain assembly 106. When the machine 100 is configured with the tracked assembly 202, rotation from the propulsion unit 110 is transmitted to a track roller cage 304, track rollers 302, and a track tensioner 300 through a drive train 500, enabling continuous track movement during forward and reverse machine travel. When the machine 100 is configured with the wheel assembly 802, the propulsion unit 110 transmits the rotational motion to the wheel assembly 802 through a chain drive path, enabling wheels within the wheel assembly 802 to rotate and propel the machine 100 across dry soil, hard surfaces, and raised bed conditions. The wheel assembly 802 may incorporate a belt drive, a gear drive, a shaft drive, and the like.

[0105] The propulsion unit 110 is further configured to transmit the mechanical power to the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 through a power-take-off (PTO) shaft 400, enabling the powered plurality of agricultural attachments 118 to receive rotational torque and transmit the mechanical power for performing soil -engaging and vegetation-cutting operations. The PTO shaft 400 is positioned at a first end 404 (rear end) of the main body 102. The PTO shaft 400 is mechanically coupled to the drive train 500 and configured to transmit torque through a universal joint mechanism to the plurality of agricultural attachments 118. The PTO shaft 400 enables the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 to operate using the propulsion unit 110 without requiring separate power modules on an implement side.

[0106] The propulsion unit 110 is further configured to transmit the electrical power to the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 through a dedicated power distribution interface. In one embodiment, the electrical power is supplied to the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 through data / power ports 502, positioned on at least one of the first side 306, the second side 308, the third side 804, and the fourth side 806 of the main body 102. This power distribution pathway enables the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 to operate electric motors, linear actuators, and safety systems through a stable electrical supply originating from the propulsion unit 110. In certain exemplary embodiments, the tracked assembly 202 and the wheel assembly 802 may each comprise one or more integrated or distributed drive units configured to provide the rotational motion, independently of or in combination with the propulsion unit 110.

[0107] The propulsion unit 110 comprises an actuation unit selected from one of an internal combustion (IC) engine and an electric motor powered with one of a swapable power source 200 and a rechargeable power source. The propulsion unit 110 is configured to provide at least one of the mechanical power and the electrical power to the machine 100 and the plurality of agricultural attachments 118. In an illustrative exemplary embodiment, the propulsion unit 110 is implemented through a high-torque electric motor powered by the swapable power source 200. The swapable power source 200 is mounted within the main body 102 through the hot- swapping assembly (as shown in FIG. 2B), enabling quick power source replacement without full machine shutdown. The swapable power source 200 is configured as a high-capacity lithium-ion battery integrated with a power management circuit that maintains stable voltage delivery to the propulsion unit 110. The hot-swapping assembly enables rapid access through spring-loaded hinges and latch assembly, allowing the swapable power source 200 to be removed and replaced within minutes, reducing downtime during the one or more agricultural operations. The hot-swapping assembly may be accessible with either mechanical or electrical controls. The hot-swapping assembly is a side accessible system that may not affect any of the agricultural attachments 118. Swapping of the power source may be manual or automated. The swapable power source 200 may also be mounted outside of the main body 102, one of the first side 306, the second side 308, the third side 804, the fourth side 806, and a top side. The swapable power source 200 may also be configured as one of Lithium iron phosphate (LFP / LiFePCL), Lithium polymer (Li-Po), Sodium-ion battery, Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), Nickel-cadmium (NiCd), Solid-state battery, Hydrogen fuel-cell system, Methanol / ethanol fuel cell, Small IC generator + electrical output. The IC engine is configured to provide the mechanical power through a direct drive shaft system and the electrical power through an integrated generator system. The IC engine enables extended operation duration in regions where electric charging infrastructure is limited. The propulsion unit 110 is structurally integrated with a dual power output system, enabling simultaneous delivery of the mechanical power and the electrical power. The mechanical power path is configured through the PTO shaft 400 and the drive train 500, while the electrical power path is configured through the power distribution line connected to the data / power ports 502. This dual-path configuration enables the machine 100 to perform combined agricultural operations, such as operating a grass cutter attachment 142 within the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 coupled on the first side 306 of the main body 102 while simultaneously operating a sprayer attachment 144 within the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 mounted on the second side 308, with both the grass cutter attachment 142 and the sprayer attachment 144 receiving their respective power from the propulsion unit 110.

[0108] In some exemplary embodiments, the propulsion unit 110 may also comprise one of one or more of a hybrid power unit, a hydraulic motor system, a pneumatic motor system, a fuel-cell system, a hydrogen-based engine, a biofuel engine, a solar-assisted power system, a tethered external power system, or any combination thereof. The propulsion unit 110 may be configured as a centralised or distributed drive architecture and may utilize one or more energy storage mechanisms including batteries, supercapacitors, flywheels, and swappable energy modules.

[0109] In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of sensors 112 comprises, but not limited to, at least one of one or more attachment-presence sensors 120, one or more locking-state sensors 122, one or more first sensors comprising a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor 124 and an ultrasonic sensor 126, a terrainprofile sensor 128, a vegetation-density sensor 130, a visual capturing unit 132, a ground-distance sensor 134, a voltage sensor 136, an inertial measurement unit 138, and the like. The plurality of sensors 112 is operatively positioned on the main body 102 at diverse positions to generate the sensor data required for the agricultural operation, power control, navigation, and safety monitoring. The sensor data comprises, without limitation, attachment-presence data, attachment lock-state data, vegetation-layout data, field-geometry data, the terrain-profile data, the vegetationdensity data, visual data, obstacle data, depth data, voltage data, actuation-unit feedback data, environmental data, soil data, energy data, motion data, safety data, and attachment-health related data, and the like. The sensor data is collected and transferred to the one or more microcontrollers 114 through a bidirectional communication interface, enabling the machine 100 to interpret real-time field conditions and apply closed-loop control logic for manual and autonomous operations.

[0110] The one or more attachment-presence sensors 120 are configured to generate the attachment-presence data. The one or more attachment-presence sensors 120 are positioned within the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces 104 and configured to detect the presence / absence of the agricultural attachment 118. The one or more attachment-presence sensors 120 confirm that the attachment frame is correctly positioned on a mounting bracket 602 associated with the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces 104 before the one or more microcontrollers 114 recognise the attachment type.

[0111] The one or more locking-state sensors 122 are configured to generate the attachment lock-state data. The one or more locking-state sensors 122 confirm whether the agricultural attachment 118 has reached a secure locked position through detection of locking pins engaged in place. The one or more locking-state sensors 122 are integrated into spring-loaded locking pins within the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces 104 to secure the plurality of agricultural attachments 118. The attachment lock-state data ensures that the machine 100 disables one of: the mechanical power and the electrical power to any agricultural attachment 118 until a secure locking state is confirmed.

[0112] The LiDAR sensor 124 and the ultrasonic sensor 126 are configured to generate the vegetation-layout data and the field-geometry data. The LiDAR sensor 124 provides a high-resolution depth profile of vegetation boundaries, plant height variations, row spacing, and canopy shape, enabling the machine 100 to interpret changing crop geometry. The ultrasonic sensor 126 measures distances between the main body 102 and vegetation surfaces and soil structures, enabling continuous mapping of field geometry. The LiDAR sensor 124 and the ultrasonic sensor 126 assist the machine 100 to derive row guidance and obstacle detection paths. This may be generated using one or more sensors selected from the LiDAR sensors 124, the ultrasonic sensors 126, the visual capturing units 132, radar sensors, or combinations thereof.

[0113] The terrain-profile sensor 128 is configured to generate the terrain-profile data. The terrain-profile sensor 128 measures vertical undulations, slopes, soft patches, and uneven soil surfaces that influence machine mobility and the working depth of the plurality of agricultural attachments 118. The terrain-profile sensor 128 is mounted to an underside of the main body 102 near the track roller cage 304 and a support wheel assembly of the grass cutter attachment 142 to detect terrain changes in real time, enabling the machine 100 to adjust the depth / height of the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 through actuator mechanisms.

[0114] The vegetation-density sensor 130 is configured to generate the vegetation-density data. The vegetation-density sensor 130 determines foliage thickness, crop clustering, and weed density surrounding the working region of the machine 100. In one embodiment, vegetation-density values are used to increase penetration depth of a rotavator attachment 140 associated with the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 when dense weeds are detected, and reduce cutting pressure when crop bases are detected, enabling selective weed-removal. The vegetation-density data can also support speed modulation, ensuring the machine 100 reduces forward speed in dense vegetation to maintain attachment efficiency.

[0115] The visual capturing unit 132 (e.g., camera) and the ultrasonic sensor 126 are configured to generate the visual data and the obstacle data. The visual capturing unit 132 comprises an imaging device mounted on one of: the first side 306, the second side 308, the third side 804, and the fourth side 806 of the main body 102, enabling forward-looking visual sensing for row detection, obstacle classification, and operational view of vegetation. The visual capturing unit 132 is connected through a port 506 on the main body 102. The ultrasonic sensor 126 cooperates with the visual capturing unit 132 to detect physical objects, stones, crop stems, and field equipment, enabling autonomous navigation and emergency stop conditions through safety bump switches. In certain exemplary embodiments, the visual capturing unit 132 may be one of: a Red Green Blue (RGB) camera, a stereo camera, a Red, Green, Blue, and Depth (RGB-D) camera, a time-of-flight camera, a structured-light camera, a multi spectral camera, a hyperspectral camera, an infrared or thermal camera, an event-based vision sensor, a wide-angle camera, and an integrated vision module with onboard processing. The connection of the visual capturing unit 132 to the main body 102 may be established through one or more interfaces such as Universal Serial Bus (USB), Ethernet, Controller Area Network (CAN), Recommended Standard-232 (RS-232), Universal Asynchronous Receiver- Transmitter (UART), or other suitable communication protocols, without being limited to any single interface.

[0116] The ground-distance sensor 134 is configured to generate the depth data. The ground-distance sensor 134 measures the vertical distance between an attachment working element and the soil surface, enabling the machine 100 to maintain the desired working depth. The ground-distance sensor 134 works in conjunction with actuator position feedback from a depth-control actuator identified as a rotavator actuator in the rotavator attachment 140 / a cultivator attachment actuator in a cultivator attachment 146 associated with the plurality of agricultural attachments 118. The depth data enables the machine 100 to perform soil-depth adjustment operations and autonomous regulation of the working depth across uneven terrain.

[0117] The voltage sensor 136 is configured to generate the voltage data of one of the swappable power source and the rechargeable power source. The voltage sensor 136 monitors the swapable power source 200 and transmits the voltage data to the one or more microcontrollers 114, enabling energy management during the agricultural operation. The voltage sensor output supports operational logic for power regulation and alerts the user through a display 206 when the swapable power source 200 reaches a predefined discharge threshold.

[0118] The inertial measurement unit 138 is configured to generate the actuation-unit feedback data. The inertial measurement unit 138 provides measurements of machine inclination, movement dynamics, vibration response, and actuator motion, enabling the machine 100 to stabilise movement across uneven terrain. The actuation-unit feedback data includes torque data, revolutions per minute data, temperature data, and actuator-position data, enabling the machine 100 to execute closed-loop operational commands for each agricultural attachment 118. Also, the inertial measurement unit 138 is configured to generate multi-dimensional motion data, including orientation, angular velocity, linear acceleration, inclination, and vibration, in addition to the actuation-unit feedback data. This information supports stability control, navigation accuracy, terrain adaptation, and precise attachment operation. The inertial measurement unit 138 is further configured to provide motion, orientation, vibration, and stability data for terrain assessment, navigation assistance, attachment health monitoring, and safety control through sensor-fusion- based decision making.

[0119] In an illustrative exemplary embodiment, the machine 100 includes one of the tracked assembly 202 and the wheel assembly 802 configured to provide high traction in wet, off-road, and uneven terrains. The tracked assembly 202 is supported by the track roller cage 304 that aligns and stabilizes the tracked assembly 202. The track rollers 302 guide the track movement, while the track tensioner 300 regulate track tension for smooth operation. The drive train 500 transfers power from the propulsion unit 110 to one of: the tracked assembly 202 and the wheel assembly 802, and a chain drive 800 provides transmission for wheeled configurations. The machine chassis 402 forms the primary chassis on which mechanical, electrical, and enclosure systems are mounted, while the wheels provide increased ground clearance where the wheels are used. Stone guards, leaf guards, and mud guards protect mobility components from stones, debris, and mud accumulation. A railing assembly (as shown in FIG. 13) on a top side provides structural support for mounting a reservoir tank and carrying loads during operation.

[0120] A front hitch bar 700 (which may be implemented as a front bumper or a front handle pipe) is configured to assist in lifting and front-side attachment installation. A key lock 204 enables machine ON / OFF control and hot-swapping assembly access, while an emergency switch 208 ensures immediate shutdown of the machine 100 and the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 during unsafe conditions. A drain plug plate 702 allows servicing of gearbox oil through bottomside access. The machine 100 provides user interfaces and electrical connectivity through the display 206, a charging port 508 for powering external devices, the port 506 for additional sensor and camera integration, and the data / power ports 502 for peripheral attachments. Front indicator lights 504 and rear indicator lights 600 communicate machine states such as direction, stop conditions, and charging status, contributing to operational safety and visibility.

[0121] In alternative exemplary embodiments, the machine 100 incorporates a quickcoupler system (the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces 104). The quickcoupler system enables rapid attachment and detachment of the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 through a slide-in slot and locking-pin interface, where each agricultural attachment 118 includes a female adapter frame that mates with the mount bracket 602 (male mount bracket) on the machine 100. This architecture is employed for complete flexibility and may accommodate a wide variety of coupling mechanisms depending on attachment requirements, including hydraulic pin-lock couplers, V-block auto-latching couplers, drawbar hitch and lock-pin systems, tri-lug cam-lock mechanisms, tapered cone and spring-lock systems, quick-connect PTO couplers, modular docking-plate interfaces, smart electromechanical auto-connect mounts, magnetic quick-connect mounts, and slide-rail linear locking systems. This modular coupling framework ensures compatibility with the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 while maintaining mechanical rigidity and efficient power transfer.

[0122] The mechanical locking pins equipped with spring-loaded latches secure the agricultural attachment 118 to the machine chassis 402 and provide a rigid, zeroplay connection between the coupling surfaces. The mechanical locking pins also function as electrical safety interlocks, preventing the operation of mechanical / electrical components of the agricultural attachment 118 until full engagement is detected. By ensuring that the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 cannot be energised in a partially locked state, the machine 100 enhances safety and prevents equipment damage. The machine 100 enables the agricultural attachment 118 to be mounted or removed in less than sixty seconds. This rapidexchange capability facilitates multi-operation deployment within a single field session, allowing the machine 100 to transition efficiently between the one or more agricultural operations with minimal downtime.

[0123] FIG 9 illustrates an exemplary side view of the main body 102 connected to the rotavator attachment 140, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and

[0124] FIG 10 illustrates an exemplary rear view of the main body 102 connected to the rotavator attachment 140, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 comprises at least one of: the rotavator attachment 140, the grass cutter attachment 142, the sprayer attachment 144, the cultivator attachment 146, a seeding attachment, a transplanting attachment, a fertilizer or nutrient application attachment, a harvesting attachment, a pruning attachment, a crop monitoring attachment, a residue management attachment, and other agricultural or fieldoperation attachments. The rotavator attachment 140 is operatively connected on the second side 308 of the main body 102 through the PTO shaft 400 that delivers the mechanical power for performing the weed-removal operation in the vegetation. The PTO shaft 400 is mechanically linked to the powertrain assembly 106 and transfers the rotational torque to a rotavator gearbox, enabling continuous operation of a tilling mechanism as the machine 100 traverses through crop rows. In some exemplary embodiments, the rotavator attachment 140 may take the mechanical power from the PTO shaft 400, or the rotavator attachment 140 may be configured with its own drive source inside of it, such as engines, the electric motor, the hydraulic motor, and the like.

[0125] The rotavator attachment 140 comprises a mounting adapter 900 configured with a depth-control mechanism for maintaining a proper tilling depth during operation. The mounting adapter 900 includes alignment points and a locking interface that ensure secure coupling with an attachment mounting interface 104 of the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces 104 on the second side 308 of the main body 102. The depth-control mechanism incorporated in the mounting adapter 900 enables fine adjustment of a plurality of tilling blades 902 relative to the soil surface.

[0126] The rotavator attachment 140 further comprises the plurality of tilling blades 902 configured to till the soil and cut weeds within the vegetation (crops or fields). The plurality of tilling blades 902 are sharp metal blades configured to penetrate the soil, dislodge weed roots, and break compacted soil layers. Each tilling blade 902 of the plurality of tilling blades 902 rotates around a horizontal shaft positioned within a gearbox housing, allowing the rotavator attachment 140 to destroy the weeds and cultivate the soil in a continuous motion. A geometry and spacing of the plurality of tilling blades 902 support efficient soil pulverisation while maintaining minimal resistance during forward travel. The plurality of tilling blades 902 may comprise blades of varying shapes, sizes, thicknesses, and cutting edge geometries, including but not limited to L-shaped, C-shaped, J-shaped, curved, or straight blades. The blade configuration, spacing, and dimensions are selectable based on soil conditions, crop type, weed density, and the selected agricultural operation profile, enabling optimised soil tilling and weed removal for different applications.

[0127] The rotavator attachment 140 additionally includes a back plough 904 mounted at a rear end 910 of the rotavator attachment 140. The back plough 904 is positioned centrally behind the rotavator gearbox and configured to remove remaining weeds, push loose soil outward, and form uniform ridges in the row. The back plough 904 directs soil flow after the tilling operation and ensures that weed residue is pushed away from the crop base, enabling clean row formation. The back plough 904 also may comprise one or more rear-mounted soil-engaging elements of varying shapes and configurations, including levelling blades, ridger blades, soil deflectors, scrapers, harrow elements, and residue-management blades. The back plough 904 is configurable to perform one or more of soil levelling, ridge formation, furrow shaping, residue removal, soil spreading, and surface finishing operations, based on soil condition, crop type, and the selected agricultural operation profile.

[0128] The rotavator attachment 140 further includes the rotavator actuator 908 implemented as one of: an electric actuator, a hydraulic actuator, a pneumatic actuator, an electromechanical actuator, a mechanical linkage mechanism, or combinations thereof. The rotavator actuator 908 is operatively connected to the one or more microcontrollers 114 located within the main body 102. The rotavator actuator 908 receives input from one of: the control signal transmitted by the end device, and at least one agricultural operation profile within the plurality of agricultural operation profiles selected automatically through the one or more microcontrollers 114. The rotavator actuator 908 varies the vertical position of the plurality of tilling blades 902, thereby adjusting the depth of cut.

[0129] The rotavator attachment 140 includes an emergency stop switch 906 configured to shut off both the machine 100 and the rotavator attachment 140 during abnormal and hazardous conditions. The emergency stop switch 906 is positioned on a rotavator attachment housing for quick user access, enabling immediate cessation of blade rotation and drive power when activated.

[0130] The rotavator attachment 140 further incorporates inbuilt cooling fans 1000 housed within the attachment frame to cool the rotavator actuator 908 and the rotavator gearbox during prolonged operation. The inbuilt cooling fans 1000 maintain airflow across actuator windings and mechanical joints, extending runtime and prolonging component life under high-load soil-working conditions.

[0131] During field operation, the rotavator attachment 140 functions as a fully automated system through the integration of motor-torque sensing, revolutions per minute (RPM) monitoring, actuator-position feedback, and machine-generated operational commands. The machine 100 continuously evaluates the torque data and the RPM data at the PTO shaft 400 and at a rotavator drive mechanism to detect soil resistance changes. When soil hardness increases, torque rises and RPM decreases; this condition is interpreted by a control subsystem within the one or more microcontrollers 114 as excessive load, prompting the rotavator actuator 908 to auto-lift the rotavator attachment 140 to avoid overload.

[0132] Conversely, when the soil becomes soft, or weed density decreases, the torque drops and the RPM increases, prompting the rotavator actuator 908 to lower the rotavator attachment 140 to maintain an effective tilling depth. This allows the rotavator attachment 140 to stabilise depth in real time through a closed-loop feedback system combining the ground-distance data, the terrain-profile data, and the actuator-position data provided by the plurality of sensors 112. The rotavator attachment 140 employs the terrain-profile sensor 128 mounted on the main body 102 to measure ground elevation changes across uneven surfaces. These external measurements allow the machine 100 to predict variations in soil height and proactively adjust the depth of the plurality of tilling blades 902 before the rotavator attachment 140 encounters slope changes, maintaining uniform tilling depth across undulating terrain.

[0133] The artificial intelligence (Al) and sensor-fusion logic integrated into the machine 100 further enhances the performance of the rotavator attachment 140 by differentiating between soil density and weed density. When the vegetation-density sensor 130 and the visual capturing unit 132 detect weed-dense regions, the machine 100 may increase tilling penetration to improve weed removal. In contrast, when the plurality of sensors 112 detects crop bases or plant stems, the machine 100 reduces penetration to avoid crop damage.

[0134] The rotavator attachment 140 maintains continuous tilling performance by coordinating rotor speed, forward machine velocity, actuator displacement, and torque load in a closed-loop manner. The machine 100 autonomously prevents clogging by adjusting blade engagement depth and modulating the PTO output speed from the propulsion unit 110. This automated coordination ensures stable operation, reduced manual intervention, and efficient weed removal across varying field conditions.

[0135] The rotavator attachment 140 is driven by one or more of a machine-mounted PTO and an internal power source integrated within the rotavator attachment 140. The internal power source comprises one or more of the electric motor, the hydraulic motor, the pneumatic motor, the internal combustion engine, or a hybrid drive unit. Additionally, the rotavator attachment 140 operates with adaptive speed and safety control, wherein a rotational speed of the rotavator attachment 140 is dynamically adjusted based on a travel speed of the machine 100 to maintain optimal soil engagement. Operational status and sensor feedback from the rotavator attachment 140 are communicated to the machine 140 through a communication interface, enabling system-level safety decisions, including automatic stoppage upon detection of anomalies.

[0136] In some embodiments, the rotavator attachment 140 does not require power from the PTO shaft 400. Instead, the rotavator attachment 140 may include an independent power source, such as the electric motor, the hydraulic motor, or internal drive mechanism integrated within the rotavator attachment 140 itself. Accordingly, the PTO-based power transmission represents one optional configuration rather than a mandatory requirement.

[0137] FIG 11 illustrates an exemplary side view of the main body 102 connected to the grass cutter attachment 142, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and

[0138] FIG 12 illustrates an exemplary isometric view of the main body 102 connected to the grass cutter attachment 142, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0139] In an exemplary embodiment, the grass cutter attachment 142 is operatively connected on one of the first side 306 and the second side 308 of the main body 102 through the front hitch bar 700 rigidly secured to the main body 102. The grass cutter attachment 142 is configured to receive the electrical power from the propulsion unit 110 through electrical power distribution ports (data / power ports 502) located on one of the first side 306, the second side 308, and the third side 804 of the main body 102. The grass cutter attachment 142 comprises a hitch pivot 1106 operatively connected to the front hitch bar 700. The hitch pivot 1106 is configured to provide pivoting flexibility to the grass cutter attachment 142 when operating over the uneven terrain. The hitch pivot 1106 allows the grass cutter attachment 142 to follow left-right ground undulations without disturbing the orientation of the main body 102, thereby maintaining consistent cutting performance even when the machine 100 traverses sloped or uneven surfaces. The grass cutter attachment 142 further comprises a height alteration unit 1104 operatively coupled with the hitch pivot 1106. The height alteration unit 1104 is configured to provide a defined height to the grass cutter attachment 142 by adjusting the vertical position of a cutting deck (lower structural section of the grass cutter attachment 142) in response to one of: the control signal received from the end device, and autonomously selecting at least one agricultural operation profile. The height alteration unit 1104, functioning as an auto lifter, dynamically adjusts cutting height based on vegetation density, terrain elevation, and load sensing.

[0140] The grass cutter attachment 142 includes a cutting blades assembly (1102, 1108) operatively connected to the height alteration unit 1104. In other exemplary embodiments, the cutting blades assembly (1102, 1108) is operatively mounted to a cutting deck, which forms the main body of the grass cutter attachment 142. The cutting blades assembly (1102, 1108) comprises safety guards 1102 and a plurality of cutting blades 1108. The safety guards 1102 are configured to prevent stones, soil debris, and hard particles from being expelled outward during high-speed blade rotation, thereby improving user safety and protecting nearby vegetation. The plurality of cutting blades 1108 are metal cutting elements configured to cut grass and low-lying vegetation. The plurality of cutting blades 1108 may be implemented in multiple blade configurations, including fixed metal blades, pivoting blades, nylon-string, disc-mounted, mulching, serrated, or flexible blade configurations, depending on vegetation type and desired cut quality.

[0141] In certain exemplary embodiments, the cutting deck may be a separate and primary structural entity of the grass cutter attachment 142. The cutting deck serves as the main body of the grass cutter attachment 142 and houses the drive motors, power transmission components, electronic control unit, and associated safety and control systems required for grass-cutting operation. The height alteration unit 104, the cutting blades assembly (1102, 1108), safety guards, and the support wheel assembly 1110 are operatively mounted to the cutting deck. Accordingly, the cutting deck is as the main entity, and the cutting blades assembly (1102, 1108) and related components are described as sub-assemblies mounted thereon.

[0142] The grass cutter attachment 142 further includes the support wheel assembly 1100 operatively connected to the cutting blades assembly (1102, 1108) through a height alteration lever 1114. The support wheel assembly 1100 provides vertical stability to the cutting deck, preventing excessive lowering during sudden ground dips and supporting the defined height during rough terrain traversal. The height alteration lever 1114 assists in maintaining a blade deck at the desired elevation by transferring mechanical force between the height alteration unit 1104 and the support wheel assembly 1100.

[0143] The grass cutter attachment 142 additionally comprises a cutter actuator 1110 implemented as a linear actuator (in an illustrative exemplary embodiment). The cutter actuator 1110 may also be one of: the electric actuator, the mechanical actuator, the hydraulic actuator, and a pneumatic actuator. The cutter actuator 1110 receives commands from the one or more microcontrollers 114 based on one of: user input and automatically generated one or more operational parameters. The cutter actuator 1110 modulates the vertical displacement of the cutting deck, ensuring that the defined height remains consistent across slope changes, vegetation clumps, and terrain irregularities.

[0144] The grass cutter attachment 142 further incorporates cooling fans 1112 positioned within an internal housing of a cutting deck assembly (grass cutter attachment 142). The cooling fans 1112 provide airflow for internal electronics, cutting motor windings, and actuator enclosures, ensuring thermal stability during prolonged operation. This enables the grass cutter attachment 142 to maintain continuous performance without overheating under heavy vegetation load.

[0145] In some exemplary embodiments, during the agricultural operation, the grass cutter attachment 142 maintains blade height autonomously within a 0 to 6 inch (without limitation) operating range by integrating terrain sensor inputs, actuator-position feedback from the cutter actuator 1110, support-wheel deflection data from the support wheel assembly 1100, and the torque data / the RPM data. The control subsystem interprets real-time feedback to determine whether the cutting deck should be one of: raised, lowered, and held constant.

[0146] When the plurality of sensors 112 detects dense vegetation and high cutting resistance, the height alteration unit 1104 increases the defined height to reduce load on the plurality of cutting blades 1108, while simultaneously moderating blade speed to optimise cutting efficiency. Conversely, when the plurality of sensors 112 detects dips or low vegetation density, the height alteration unit 1104 lowers the cutting deck to maintain a uniform cutting height relative to the ground surface. The hitch pivot 1106 provides left-right tilt compensation, enabling the cutting deck to match uneven terrain contours while maintaining the structural alignment of the main body 102. This ensures that the cutting path remains uniform even when the machine 100 encounters lateral slope variations.

[0147] If the visual capturing unit 132, the ultrasonic sensor 126, and sudden torque spikes detected from the cutter actuator 1110 indicate an obstruction or stone impact, the cutting actuator 1110 instantly lifts the cutting deck to prevent blade damage. The one or more microcontrollers 114 then reduce machine speed, reassess blade height, and resume the grass-cutting operation once safe conditions are detected.

[0148] The grass cutter attachment 142 continuously adjusts blade height, blade speed, and cutting pressure in a closed-loop manner without user intervention, and may alternatively be controlled by the user in a non-autonomous mode. By synchronising terrain input, vegetation density, torque / RPM feedback, the actuatorposition data, and the plurality of agricultural operation profiles, the machine 100 ensures a uniform grass-cutting result while preventing overload, mechanical wear, and unnecessary power consumption. In some exemplary embodiments, the grass cutter attachment 142 is driven by one or more of a machine-supplied power source, a separate auxiliary power source, and an internal power source integrated within the grass cutter attachment 142.

[0149] In some embodiments, the grass cutter attachment 142 comprises an attachment- integrated power source selected from the IC engine, the electric motor, or the hybrid power unit, enabling independent operation of the grass cutter attachment 142 irrespective of power supplied by the propulsion unit 110.

[0150] FIG 13 illustrates an exemplary isometric view of the main body 102 connected to the sprayer attachment 144 in a horizontal wing position, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and

[0151] FIG 14 illustrates an exemplary isometric view of the main body 102 connected to the sprayer attachment 144 in a vertical wing position, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0152] In an exemplary embodiment, the sprayer attachment 144 is operatively connected to the second side 308 of the main body 102 and receives the mechanical power from the PTO shaft 400 and the electrical power from the propulsion unit 110. The sprayer attachment 144 may also be integrated with an independent power source. The sprayer attachment 144 is configured to perform one of: the water-spraying operation, the pesticide-spraying operation, and the chemical-spraying operation across varying crop structures and vegetation densities.

[0153] The sprayer attachment 144 comprises a sprayer actuation unit (not shown) enclosed in a housing 1312. The sprayer actuation unit (includes pump, drive unit such as motor or engine, pressure regulator, and flow control valve) is operatively connected to one of: the PTO shaft 400 and the propulsion unit 110. The sprayer actuation unit receives at least one of: the mechanical power and the electrical power and converts at least one of: the mechanical power and the electrical power into pumping force required to deliver liquid (e.g., pesticide, water, and chemical) from the reservoir tank 1306 to a plurality of nozzles 1302. The sprayer atachment 144 includes an adaptable sprayer frame 1310 configured with nozzle systems, servo systems and valves, operatively connected to the sprayer actuation unit. The adaptable sprayer frame 1310 is configured to alter an angular orientation to a pre-defined spray angle, enabling directional spraying of the liquid onto the vegetation based on the targeted region. The adaptable sprayer frame 1310 is configured to be adjusted between vertical and horizontal orientations based on crop height.

[0154] The sprayer attachment 144 further includes the plurality of nozzles 1302 mounted along the adaptable sprayer frame 1310. The plurality of nozzles 1302 is configured to discharge the liquid in predefined spray patterns, enabling one of: broad, narrow, fine, and coarse droplet formation based on the vegetation height, canopy density, and crop type.

[0155] The sprayer atachment 144 includes one or more liquid hose pipes 1304 that connect the plurality of nozzles 1302 to a liquid supply line. The one or more liquid hose pipes 1304 transport the liquid from the reservoir tank 1306 to the plurality of nozzles 1302 and also support optional servo mechanisms for regulating flow distribution across different nozzle zones.

[0156] The sprayer attachment 144 comprises the reservoir tank 1306 that stores the liquid. The reservoir tank 1306 supplies the liquid to the sprayer actuation unit and the one or more liquid hose pipes 1304 through a controlled feed system, enabling continuous, uninterrupted spraying during the one or more agricultural operations.

[0157] The sprayer atachment 144 includes a folding joint 1308 configured to retract an extended sprayer frame 1310 and the one or more liquid hose pipes 1304 toward the machine 100 when not in use (as shown in FIG. 14). The folding joint 1308 improves transportation, manoeuvrability, and storage by compacting a lateral width of the sprayer atachment 144. The sprayer attachment 144 incorporates a pivoting mechanism 1300 configured to manually set the angular orientation of the plurality of nozzles 1302. The pivoting mechanism 1300 enables the user to position the plurality of nozzles 1302 horizontally, vertically, and at an intermediate angle depending on crop height and spraying requirements, and is mechanically adjustable before operation.

[0158] The sprayer attachment 144 performs automatic adjustment of pump pressure, flow rate, and spray activation timing based on real-time measurements of crop height, row spacing, and vegetation gaps. Using the sensor data from the visual capturing unit 132 and the ultrasonic sensor 126, the machine 100 determines whether the crop canopy height is tall, medium, or low and adjusts spray pressure, spray angle (where applicable), and droplet size accordingly.

[0159] The sprayer attachment 144 automatically disables nozzle output when a gap between plants and rows is detected by the one or more microcontrollers 114. The plurality of nozzles 1302 is reactivated once the vegetation is detected again, preventing chemical wastage and ensuring precise application.

[0160] The sprayer attachment 144 dynamically regulates pump pressure and flow rate to maintain uniform droplet size and coverage. As crop density increases, the sprayer actuation unit increases pressure to achieve deeper penetration; as density decreases, pressure is reduced to avoid oversaturation. The pivoting mechanism 1300 currently operates manually; however, the sprayer attachment 144 is structurally configured to support a future upgrade in which the pivoting mechanism 1300 is replaced with a motorized actuator-based system. This will enable fully automated nozzle-angle control driven by the real-time sensor data. The sprayer attachment 144 additionally supports integration of vertical lift actuators on the one or more liquid hose pipes 1304. The vertical lift actuators allow the plurality of nozzles 1302 to be raised or lowered based on crop height or canopy growth stage, improving droplet placement accuracy and minimising chemical drift. When the vertical lift actuators are installed, their operation is controlled through real-time crop-height data from the visual capturing unit 132 and the ultrasonic sensor 126. The vertical lift actuators dynamically adjust nozzle height to match the canopy position and optimise spray deposition. Overall, the sprayer attachment 144 combines automated spray regulation, crop-condition-based decision logic, gap- aware spray suppression, and a mechanically adjustable pivoting mechanism 1300, with a clear upgrade path to complete motorised and Al-driven nozzle-angle and nozzle-height control in future implementations. A nozzle assembly comprises one or more spray nozzles and at least one flow-control element selected from a mechanical valve and an electrically actuated valve for regulating fluid discharge. The flow-control element may be operated manually, automatically, or through control signals received from the end device. The nozzle assembly further includes a motorized swing mechanism configured to rotate or oscillate the one or more spray nozzles during operation, thereby enabling dynamic spray coverage over plant canopies, underside of leaves, stems, and surrounding vegetation. The swinging motion improves spray uniformity and penetration based on the selected spraying operation profile. Alternatively or additionally, the orientation, swing angle, speed, and oscillation pattern of the swing mechanism are automatically adjusted by the control subsystem based on the sensor data, detected crop geometry, vegetation density, or a selected spraying operation profile and also through the control signals received from the end device via a user interface. The nozzle assembly is configured to support interchangeable plurality of nozzles 1302 having different spray patterns, droplet sizes, and discharge angles, wherein the nozzle type is selected or replaced based on spraying requirements, crop type, chemical characteristics, or the selected spraying operation profile.

[0161] The spraying angle, spray flow rate, and nozzle activation are selectively controlled based on one or more of the vegetation density data, the field geometry data, wind condition data, and the selected agricultural operation profile. In some embodiments, the sprayer attachment 144 comprises an attachment-integrated power source selected from the electric motor, the internal combustion engine, a hydraulic power unit, or a hybrid power system, enabling the sprayer attachment 144 to operate independently of the PTO shaft 400 and the propulsion unit 110.

[0162] The key inventive feature of the sprayer attachment 144 is a motorized nozzle swinging system, which enables dynamic spray coverage across plant canopies, undersides of leaves, and stems. The swinging motion replicates and enhances manual spraying patterns, resulting in improved spray penetration, uniform chemical distribution, and higher application efficiency compared to fixed-nozzle spraying systems.

[0163] FIG 15 illustrates an exemplary isometric view of the main body 102 connected to the cultivator attachment 146, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0164] In an exemplary embodiment, the cultivator attachment 146 is operatively connected to the second side 308 of the main body 102. The cultivator attachment 146 is configured to perform the tilling operation, the soil-cultivation operation, and the row-wise deweeding operation. The cultivator attachment 146 engages directly with the soil through a cutting blade 1500 and selectively removes the weeds between the crop rows while maintaining minimal disturbance to crop bases.

[0165] The cultivator attachment 146 comprises a cultivator attachment lifter assembly 1502 operatively connected to the main body 102. The cultivator attachment lifter assembly 1502 is configured to alter the height of the cultivator attachment 146 with respect to the ground, enabling precise control of the working depth during soil engagement. The cultivator attachment lifter assembly 1502 provides vertical positioning of the cultivator attachment 146 based on desired soil penetration levels and field requirements.

[0166] The cultivator attachment 146 includes a cultivator attachment actuator 1504 operatively connected to the cultivator attachment lifter assembly 1502. The cultivator attachment actuator 1504 functions as a linear actuator and may also be one of: the electric actuator, the hydraulic actuator, the mechanical actuator, the pneumatic actuator, or any suitable actuation mechanism. The cultivator attachment actuator 1504 is configured to actuate the cultivator attachment lifter assembly 1502 to maintain a predefined depth during the tilling operation, the soil-cultivation operation, and the row-wise deweeding operation.

[0167] The cultivator attachment lifter assembly 1502 determines and controls cuttingblade depth using a combination of the integrated plurality of sensors 112 and optional external depth-control sensors. An integrated sensing system, located within the cultivator attachment actuator 1504, utilises a built-in position encoder, a Hall sensor, and a potentiometer to measure the vertical displacement of a cultivator frame and compute real-time blade penetration depth with high accuracy. In parallel, the main body 102 monitors motor current, torque load, and RPM feedback, which provide indirect indications of soil resistance, obstruction, and over-penetration. For improved precision in uneven or variable terrain, the machine 100 additionally supports the external depth-control sensors, such as the ultrasonic sensor 126 or Time-of-Flight sensors, mounted near the cutting blade 1500 to measure the distance between the ground surface and the cultivator frame. By fusing the actuator-position data with ground-distance measurements and load- derived feedback, the cultivator attachment lifter assembly 1502 performs adaptive, closed-loop depth regulation and maintains consistent tilling or deweeding performance across diverse soil conditions and field topographies. Alternatively, the cultivator attachment lifter assembly 1502 permits manual depth control, wherein a user directly adjusts the cutting-blade depth through the end device or a manual control input based on user judgment and field conditions, independent of sensor-based automatic regulation.

[0168] The plurality of sensors 112 transmits the actuator-position data to the control subsystem, enabling real-time monitoring of the vertical displacement of the cultivator attachment 146. This feedback supports accurate closed-loop depth control during field operation.

[0169] The cultivator attachment 146 comprises the cutting blade 1500 operatively coupled to the cultivator attachment lifter assembly 1502. The cutting blade 1500 is configured to perform the tilling operation and the row-wise deweeding operation by penetrating the soil and cutting weed roots while maintaining alignment with the crop rows. The cutting blade 1500 is shaped to enable soil loosening and targeted weed removal without disturbing crop stems. The cutting blade 1500 may comprise one or more cultivator blade types selected from straight blades, sweep blades, chisel blades, duck-foot blades, hoe-type blades, reversible blades, spring-loaded blades, or curved cultivator blades. The blade shape, width, thickness, and attack angle are selectable based on soil type, crop spacing, weed density, and the selected agricultural operation profile, enabling effective row-wise deweeding and soil loosening across varied field conditions.

[0170] During operation, the cultivator attachment 146 automatically controls blade penetration depth using the cultivator attachment lifter assembly 1502 and the one or more microcontrollers 114. The cultivator attachment lifter assembly 1502 combines actuator-position feedback, motor torque sensing, RPM variation, the terrain-profile data from the terrain-profile sensor 128, and optional weed-density estimation data from the vegetation-density sensor 130 to regulate the working depth efficiently.

[0171] The cultivator attachment 146 evaluates soil hardness based on variations in torque and rotational speed sensed during soil engagement. When hard soil is detected, the cultivator attachment actuator 1504 slightly raises the cutting blade 1500 to prevent traction loss, excessive load on the powertrain assembly 106, and structural stress on the cultivator attachment 146. This ensures mechanical protection and consistent progress under adverse soil conditions. In softer soil regions, the cultivator attachment 146 increases the penetration depth to maintain effective weed removal and optimal soil cultivation. The machine 100 dynamically modifies blade depth to achieve uniform tilling results across mixed soil conditions, improving efficiency and reducing user intervention. Additionally, the machine 100 dynamically adjusts a travel speed and / or tool rotational speed based on detected soil hardness and vegetation density, wherein the speed is reduced under high soil resistance or dense vegetation conditions and increased in softer or loose soil conditions to maintain traction, reduce load, and optimise cultivation efficiency. The cultivator attachment actuator 1504 may receive power from the machine 100 or configured with a separate power source.

[0172] The cultivator attachment 146 uses row-geometry estimation derived from the vegetation-layout data and the field-geometry data captured by the LiDAR sensor 124, the ultrasonic sensor 126, and the visual capturing unit 132. Using this geometric understanding, the machine 100 reduces blade penetration near plant stems to prevent crop damage while increasing depth between the crop rows for aggressive weeding.

[0173] The cultivator attachment 146 operates through a continuous closed-loop control system that synchronises forward speed, blade depth, and load sensing. When encountering dense weed clusters, the machine 100 autonomously adjusts forward speed and modifies downward force to ensure thorough deweeding while protecting the cutting blade 1500 and the cultivator attachment actuator 1504. In certain exemplary embodiments, the cultivator attachment may employ interchangeable soil-engaging elements such as the cutting blades 1500, tines, shanks, sweeps, discs, or combinations thereof.

[0174] Overall, the cultivator attachment 146 autonomously stabilises operating depth, prevents crop damage through real-time decision logic, adapts to soil variability, and maintains consistent cultivation performance across uneven or mixed terrain conditions. The combination of height adjustment, actuator-driven control, and AI- assisted depth management ensures precise, efficient, and safe execution of tilling, soil-cultivation, and row-wise deweeding operations. The working depth and lateral positioning of soil-engaging tools associated with the agricultural attachment 118 are dynamically adjusted based on the terrain-profile data, the vegetation density data, and the row-geometry data.

[0175] In some exemplary embodiments, power and communication ports for connecting the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 are disposed on any side of the machine 100, including the first side 306, the second side 308, the third side 804, the fourth side 806, the top side, or a bottom side of the main body 102. The power and communication ports are configured to supply the electrical power, data signals, or both, to the attached plurality of agricultural attachments 118 and may support wired or wireless communication. Such multi-side port placement enables flexible attachment mounting, reduces cable routing complexity, and allows simultaneous operation of the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 positioned on different sides of the machine 100. The power and communication ports may further support standardised or proprietary interfaces and are configured to be automatically enabled only upon secure attachment detection.

[0176] In another exemplary embodiment, the machine 100 is not limited to agricultural use and may be adapted for non-agricultural vegetation management and surface maintenance applications, including but not limited to, at least one of: solar power plants, highways and road medians, industrial campuses, warehouses, airports, railway corridors, institutional premises, large commercial landscapes, and the like.

[0177] FIG. 16 illustrates an exemplary block diagram representation of a network architecture 1600 depicting the machine 100 for performing the one or more agricultural operations, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0178] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the network architecture 1600 may include the machine 100. The network architecture 1600 comprises the machine 100, the end device 1604, and one or more databases 1606. The machine 100, the end device 1604, and the one or more databases 1606 may be communicatively coupled via one or more communication networks 1608, ensuring seamless acquisition, processing, and exchange of the sensor data, navigation information, and the one or more operational parameters. The machine 100 acts as a central processing unit within the network architecture 1600, responsible for realtime perception, attachment management, navigation planning, and execution of the one or more agricultural operations. The one or more microcontrollers 114 are configured to execute a set of instructions that control a plurality of subsystems 1602, each dedicated to sensing, data preprocessing, attachment detection, attachment identification, operation profile generation, navigation processing, and closed-loop control.

[0179] In an exemplary embodiment, one or more servers may be integrated with the machine 100. The one or more servers may include a combination of computing resources such as cloud-based instances, edge computing nodes, or hybrid virtualised environments. The one or more servers may comprise a combination of discrete components, an integrated circuit, an application-specific integrated circuit, a field-programmable gate array, a digital signal processor, or other suitable hardware. The “software” components may include one or more modules, threads, routines, or executable instructions configured to perform tasks such as sensor-data acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, operation profile generation, navigation computation, and autonomous control decision-making.

[0180] A memory unit 116 is operatively connected to / mounted on the one or more microcontrollers 114 (the memory unit 116 may be implemented using or integrated with a single-board computer (SBC)). The memory unit 116 comprises the set of instructions in the form of the plurality of subsystems 1602, configured to be executed by the one or more microcontrollers 114. The plurality of subsystems 1602 collectively enable the machine 100 to perform an end-to-end autonomous operation, including real-time sensor-data acquisition, preprocessing, Al-based interpretation, selection of the plurality of agricultural operation profiles, navigation mapping, and generation of actuation and control commands for the plurality of agricultural attachments 118. The machine 100 may further maintain operational logs to ensure traceability, integrity, and reliable reconstruction of sensing, decision-making, and control activities.

[0181] In an exemplary embodiment, the one or more microcontrollers 114 are operatively connected to the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces 104 and the plurality of sensors 112 through a bidirectional communication interface (data link that allows information to be sent and received between two or more devices in both directions). Other than one or more microcontrollers 114, the machine 100 may include, for example, microprocessors, microcomputers, digital signal processors, central processing units, state machines, logic circuits, and / or any devices that manipulate data or signals based on operational instructions. Among other capabilities, the one or more microcontrollers 114 may fetch and execute computer- readable instructions in the memory unit 116 operationally coupled with the machine 100. Any reference to a task in the present disclosure may refer to an operation being or that may be performed on data. The one or more microcontrollers 114 are high-performance processors that support real-time sensor processing, Al inference, and autonomous control computation.

[0182] In an exemplary embodiment, the one or more databases 1606 may be configured to store and manage data related to various operational aspects of the machine 100. The one or more databases 1606 may store at least one of, but not limited to, the sensor data, navigation maps, vegetation-density assessments, the plurality of agricultural operational profiles, actuator-position logs, system configurations, and historical operational records. The one or more databases 1606 function as a centralised repository that supports real-time retrieval, continuous updates, and contextual cross-referencing between sensor measurements, attachment behaviour, navigation events, and control actions. The one or more databases 1606 ensure traceability, data integrity, and end-to-end visibility of the machine’s 100 autonomous one or more agricultural operations. A database functionality is also applicable during manual and tele-operated modes, including joystick-based control, wherein operational data, user commands, system states, and sensor feedback generated during manual operation are likewise stored and managed. The one or more databases 1606 may include different types of databases such as, but not limited to, relational databases (e.g., Structured Query Language (SQL) databases such as PostgresDB and Oracle® databases), non-Structured Query Language (NoSQL) databases (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra), time-series databases (e.g., InfluxDB), an OpenSearch database, object storage systems (e.g., Amazon® S3), edge or embedded databases, distributed or cloud-based databases, in-memory databases, graph databases, spatial databases, event-logging databases, or combinations thereof.

[0183] In an exemplary embodiment, the end device 1604 is configured to enable the user to interact with the machine 100 via a user interface. The user interface provides input channels through which authorised user may configure attachment parameters, select the at least one agricultural operation profile, initiate autonomous navigation routines, and adjust machine settings. The user interface also provides output channels that display real-time sensor information, attachment status, the navigation maps, operational alerts, machine-health indicators, and historical activity logs. The end device 1604 may include, but not limited to, a laptop, a desktop, a workstation, a mobile terminal, a tablet, sensors, and any smart computing device capable of establishing authenticated and encrypted connectivity with the machine 100.

[0184] In another exemplary embodiment, the end device 1604 may also be implemented as a joystick integrated on the machine 100, allowing the user to directly control machine movement, attachment functions, and operational settings through a physically mounted interface. The end device 1604 may further include one of: a handheld remote controller, a wearable device, an industrial Human-Machine Interface (HMI) panel, a vehicle-mounted interface, a voice- or gesture-based interface, a web-based dashboard, a handheld user device, a cloud-connected interface, or a fleet management console.

[0185] In an exemplary embodiment, the end device 1604 may be associated with multiple stakeholders, including farmers, field operators, agronomy specialists, maintenance personnel, and fleet managers. The machine 100 is configured to operate across diverse agricultural environments such as open-field crops, orchards, vineyards, horticultural plots, and greenhouse pathways. Each interaction captured through the end device 1604 contributes to adaptive learning, system optimisation, and continuous improvement of attachment control, navigation accuracy, and operational decision-making. Through this process, the machine 100 refines one or more Al models, enhances automation logic, and consistently improves its performance across varying vegetation types, terrain conditions, and crop layouts.

[0186] In an exemplary embodiment, the one or more communication networks 1608 may facilitate authenticated, high-speed, and reliable data exchange between the machine 100, the one or more databases 1606, the one or more servers, and the end device 1604. The one or more communication networks 1608 may include, but not limited to, wired communication networks, wireless communication networks, local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), Internet, satellite networks, cloud computing networks, cellular networks including fourth generation (4G) and 5G technologies, and 6G networks. These communication pathways ensure uninterrupted data flow, supporting real-time transmission of the sensor data, navigation updates, attachment telemetry, the control commands, and Al-driven adaptive adjustments during the one or more agricultural operations.

[0187] In an exemplary embodiment, the machine 100 may be deployed as a single integrated platform or as part of a scalable, distributed cluster of interconnected nodes. The machine 100 may operate entirely on local edge processors, rely on cloud-based computing resources, or use a hybrid deployment model that combines cloud microservices with on-board edge computing components. In a distributed configuration, individual microservices may handle specialised functions such as real-time sensor-data acquisition, environmental data preprocessing, Al-based perception, operation profile generation, navigation computation, and execution of attachment control actions. The network architecture 1600 is employed for scalability, redundancy, and continuous availability, ensuring uninterrupted sensing, perception, and autonomous operation even if network connectivity fluctuates or certain computing resources become temporarily unavailable. The network architecture 1600 supports parallel processing of multiple sensor streams, balanced computational workloads across devices, and consistent data integrity to maintain reliable and adaptive agricultural machine performance in dynamic field environments.

[0188] Though few components and the plurality of subsystems 1602 are disclosed in FIG. 16, there may be additional components and subsystems which is not shown, such as, but not limited to, ports, routers, repeaters, firewall devices, network devices, the one or more databases 1606, network attached storage devices, assets, machinery, instruments, facility equipment, emergency management devices, image capturing devices, any other devices, and combination thereof. The person skilled in the art should not limit the components / subsystems shown in FIG. 16. Although FIG. 16 illustrates the machine 100, and the end device 1604 connected to the one or more databases 1606, one skilled in the art can envision that the machine 100, and the end device 1604 may be connected to several user devices located at various locations and several databases via the one or more communication networks 1608.

[0189] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the hardware depicted in FIG. 16 may vary for particular implementations. For example, other peripheral devices such as an optical disk drive and the like, the local area network (LAN), the wide area network (WAN), wireless (e.g., wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi)) adapter, graphics adapter, disk controller, input / output (I / O) adapter also may be used in addition or place of the hardware depicted. The depicted example is provided for explanation only and is not meant to imply architectural limitations concerning the present disclosure.

[0190] Those skilled in the art will recognize that, for simplicity and clarity, the full structure and operation of all data processing systems suitable for use with the present disclosure are not being depicted or described herein. Instead, only so much of the machine 100 as is unique to the present disclosure or necessary for an understanding of the present disclosure is depicted and described. The remainder of the construction and operation of the machine 100 may conform to any of the various current implementations and practices that were known in the art.

[0191] FIG. 17 illustrates an exemplary block diagram representation 1700 of the machine 100 as shown in FIG. 16 for performing the one or more agricultural operations, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0192] In an exemplary embodiment, the machine 100 comprises the one or more microcontrollers 114, the memory unit 116, and a storage unit 1704. The one or more microcontrollers 114, the memory unit 116, and the storage unit 1704 are communicatively coupled through a system bus 1702 or any similar high-speed interconnect mechanism. The system bus 1702 functions as the central conduit for data transfer and communication between the one or more microcontrollers 114, the memory unit 116, and the storage unit 1704. The system bus 1702 facilitates the efficient exchange of information and instructions, enabling the coordinated operation of the machine 100. The system bus 1702 may be implemented using various technologies, including but not limited to, parallel buses, serial buses, and high-speed data transfer interfaces such as, but not limited to, at least one of: a USB, a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe), and other similar communication standards.

[0193] In an exemplary embodiment, the memory unit 116 is operatively connected to the one or more microcontrollers 114. The memory unit 116 comprises the plurality of subsystems 1602 in the form of programmable instructions executable by the one or more microcontrollers 114. The plurality of subsystems 1602 comprises an operation profile generating subsystem 1706, an agricultural attachments detection subsystem 1708, an agricultural attachments identification subsystem 1710, a navigation subsystem 1712, and the control subsystem 1714. The one or more microcontrollers 114, as used herein, means any type of computational circuit, such as, but not limited to, the microprocessor unit, complex instruction set computing microprocessor unit, reduced instruction set computing microprocessor unit, very long instruction word microprocessor unit, explicitly parallel instruction computing microprocessor unit, graphics processing unit, digital signal processing unit, or any other type of processing circuit. The one or more microcontrollers 114 may also include embedded controllers, such as generic or programmable logic devices or arrays, application-specific integrated circuits, single-chip computers, and the like.

[0194] The memory unit 116 may be the non -transitory volatile memory and the nonvolatile memory. The memory unit 116 may be coupled to communicate with the one or more microcontrollers 114, such as being a computer-readable storage medium. The one or more microcontrollers 114 may execute machine-readable instructions and / or source code stored in the memory unit 116. A variety of machine-readable instructions may be stored in and accessed from the memory unit 116. The memory unit 116 may include any suitable elements for storing data and machine-readable instructions, such as read-only memory, random access memory, erasable programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, a hard drive, a removable media drive for handling compact disks, digital video disks, diskettes, magnetic tape cartridges, memory cards, and the like. In the present embodiment, the memory unit 116 includes the plurality of subsystems 1602 stored in the form of machine-readable instructions on any of the above-mentioned storage media and may be in communication with and executed by the one or more microcontrollers 114. The storage unit 1704 may be a cloud storage or the one or more databases 1606, such as those shown in FIG. 16. The storage unit 1704 may store, but not limited to, recommended control sequences and operational actions dynamically generated by the machine 100 during the autonomous one or more agricultural operations. These stored action sequences may include actuator control signals, navigation adjustments, attachment-engagement commands, depth or height modification patterns, and adaptive parameter updates applied during the agricultural operation. Additionally, the storage unit 1704 may retain historical operational sequences together with corresponding environmental conditions and the sensor data for comparison, analysis, and future reference. This historical information enables continuous refinement, learning, and optimisation of the machine 100 over time. The storage unit 1704 may be any kind of database such as, but not limited to, relational databases, dedicated databases, dynamic databases, monetized databases, scalable databases, cloud databases, distributed databases, any other databases, and a combination thereof.

[0195] In an exemplary embodiment, the operation profile generating subsystem 1706 is configured to generate the plurality of agricultural operation profiles for each agricultural attachment 118 connected to the main body 102. To generate the plurality of agricultural operation profiles, the operation profile generating subsystem 1706 one of a) receives the one or more operational parameters directly from the user through the user interface of the end device 1604, where the user selects vegetation type, crop height, field conditions, and desired operational outcome and b) determines the one or more operational parameters automatically for each agricultural attachment 118 of the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 based on at least one of the visual data, the vegetation-layout data, the fieldgeometry data, the terrain-profile data, the vegetation-density data. The operation profile generating subsystem 1706 analyses this multi-dimensional information to compute appropriate depth settings, blade speeds, torque thresholds, spray intensities, navigation paths, and actuator set-points that correspond to the specific agricultural attachment 118 and the agricultural operation being performed. The operation profile generating subsystem 1706 utilises the one or more Al models to interpret field data and synthesise optimised one or more operational parameters. The one or more Al models comprise, but not constricted to, at least one of a segmentation model, a classification model, an object-detection model, a terrainestimation model, a vegetation-density estimation model, a field-geometry interpretation model, an operational-parameter generation model, and the like. The segmentation model identifies and separates crop regions, soil regions, and weed clusters within a field image. The classification model determines crop type, weed type, and vegetation category to support attachment-specific tuning. The objectdetection model locates obstacles, crop stems, the stones, and physical elements that influence attachment-path planning. The terrain-estimation model evaluates slope, elevation irregularities, and soil contours using the depth data and the terrainprofile data. The vegetation-density estimation model quantifies the density of foliage, weed clusters, and canopy volume across the working area. The fieldgeometry interpretation model analyses row spacing, crop alignment, and field boundaries to guide navigation and attachment positioning. The operational- parameter generation model synthesizes all the processed sensor data to output precise attachment settings such as speed, depth, force, power delivery, and working trajectory. The one or more Al models enable the operation profile generating subsystem 1706 to autonomously generate the plurality of agricultural operation profiles for tilling, soil cultivation, weed removal, grass cutting, pesticide spraying, water spraying, chemical spraying, soil-depth adjustment, and row-wise deweeding. The plurality of agricultural operation profiles (predefined sets of operational parameters tailored for performing different agricultural operations) comprises, but not limited to, at least one of a tilling operation profile, a soilcultivation operation profile, a weed-removal operation profile, a grass-cutting operation profile, a pesticide-spraying operation profile, a water-spraying operation profile, a chemical-spraying operation profile, a soil-depth adjustment operation profile, a row-wise deweeding operation profile, a harvesting operation profile, a seeding operation profile, a sowing operation profile, a sapling operation profile, a planting operation profile, a fertilising operation profile, a crop monitoring and scouting operation profile, and a data collection and field-mapping operation profile, and the like.

[0196] In certain exemplary embodiments, the one or more Al models may further include at least one of reinforcement-learning models, adaptive or predictive control models, path-planning models, anomaly-detection models, multi-sensor fusion models, soil-condition estimation models, and continual-learning models.

[0197] The one or more Al models are trained using at least one of historical sensor data and historical operational parameters collected during previous field operations. Through this training, the one or more Al models learn correlations between vegetation characteristics, soil conditions, implemented agricultural attachments 118, and optimal attachment behavior. When a new agricultural attachment 118 of the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 is connected, the operation profile generating subsystem 1706 processes its corresponding identification data and retrieves the relevant operational logic learned for that agricultural attachment 118. The operation profile generating subsystem 1706 then generates the corresponding agricultural operation profile tailored to the agricultural attachment 118, field condition, and vegetation characteristics. This allows the machine 100 to operate each agricultural attachment 118 under optimised settings suited for real-time environmental conditions, improving operational consistency, reducing energy consumption, and significantly decreasing the need for manual adjustments.

[0198] In some exemplary embodiments, the one or more Al models are trained using at least one of the historical sensor data, the historical operational parameters, fieldtrial data, and simulated data, and are further configured to continuously or iteratively learn from newly acquired operational data during deployment to adapt and improve performance over time.

[0199] In an exemplary embodiment, the agricultural attachments detection subsystem 1708 is configured to determine which agricultural attachment 118 from the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 is connected to any of the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces 104 positioned on the main body 102. The agricultural attachments detection subsystem 1708 performs this identification by processing the attachment-presence data generated by the one or more attachmentpresence sensors 120. When the agricultural attachment 118 is physically coupled to the attachment mounting interface 104, the plurality of sensors 112 detects the presence of the attachment frame, enabling the agricultural attachments detection subsystem 1708 to confirm that the agricultural attachment 118 is currently mounted.

[0200] The agricultural attachments detection subsystem 1708 is also configured to determine whether the mounted agricultural attachment 118 of the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 is securely engaged. This determination is made based on the attachment lock-state data received from the one or more locking-state sensors 122, which detect the engagement status of locking pins, clamps, and other retention mechanisms integrated into the attachment mounting interface 104. The agricultural attachments detection subsystem 1708 validates that all locking elements are correctly positioned and fully engaged before the agricultural attachment 118 is allowed to enter an operational state.

[0201] The agricultural attachments detection subsystem 1708 is integrated with a safety interlock that prevents accidental or unsafe operation of any agricultural attachment 118. Until the agricultural attachments detection subsystem 1708 verifies secure engagement through the attachment lock-state data, the agricultural attachments detection subsystem 1708 disables transmission of the mechanical power from the PTO shaft 400 and the electrical power from the propulsion unit 110 to the corresponding agricultural attachment 118 of the plurality of agricultural attachments 118. Only after all locking-state conditions are met, the agricultural attachments detection subsystem 1708 enables the powertrain assembly 106 and electrical power-distribution network to supply power to the agricultural attachment 118. This mechanism prevents incomplete coupling, detachment during operation, and unintended attachment activation, contributing to safe and reliable multi - attachment functionality.

[0202] In some exemplary embodiments, once secure attachment locking is confirmed, the main body 102 enables power delivery to the agricultural attachment 118 and initiates a digital handshake over one of: Controller Area Network (CAN), Serial, and LAN communication channels. During the digital handshake, the agricultural attachment 118 transmits the identification data together with a capability profile, and the main body 102 responds with an acknowledgment to establish a persistent heartbeat link. After the communication channel is validated, the main body 102 supervises the agricultural attachment 118 by continuously receiving telemetry, including the actuator-position data, rotational speed, motor current or torque data, the temperature data, operational state, and diagnostic fault codes, while simultaneously issuing high-level control setpoints such as RPM targets, position commands, and mode transitions. Real-time stability is maintained through low- latency control loops executed locally on the agricultural attachment 118, whereas the main body 102 provides supervisory control, safety enforcement, and operational coordination. Communication between the main body 102 and the agricultural attachment 118 employs prioritised CAN, Serial, and LAN frames, watchdog and heartbeat mechanisms, acknowledgement / timeout semantics, and dedicated fault or event frames to ensure synchronised, deterministic, and safe operation throughout the agricultural operation.

[0203] In an exemplary embodiment, the agricultural attachments identification subsystem 1710 is configured to receive the corresponding identification data from each agricultural attachment 118 at the moment each agricultural attachment 118 is connected to any of the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces 104 on the main body 102. The corresponding identification data comprises at least one of: attachment type, model information, compatible operational modes, and one or more operational parameters. When the agricultural attachment 118 is coupled to the attachment mounting interface 104, the agricultural attachments identification subsystem 1710 automatically retrieves this identification data through the bidirectional communication interface, enabling the machine 100 to immediately recognise which specific agricultural attachment 118 has been mounted.

[0204] Based on the identification data received, the agricultural attachments identification subsystem 1710 selects at least one agricultural operation profile from the plurality of agricultural operation profiles generated by the operation profile generating subsystem 1706. The agricultural attachments identification subsystem 1710 ensures that the machine 100 activates the at least one agricultural operational profile that corresponds to the capabilities, power requirements, and functional attributes of the connected agricultural attachment 118. This automated profile selection eliminates manual configuration errors and ensures that the agricultural attachment 118 operates in accordance with its intended agricultural operation. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one agricultural operation profile is selectable manually by the user through the end device 1604, enabling manual override or confirmation of the automatically selected profile

[0205] The agricultural attachments identification subsystem 1710 is further configured to perform an authentication protocol with the connected at least one agricultural attachment 118 of the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 to verify the authenticity of the identification data received. The authentication protocol ensures that the identification data originates from a genuine, authorised agricultural attachment 118 and not from an incompatible, damaged, and unauthorised unit. The authentication protocol may validate embedded identification codes, check digital signatures, and confirm secure communication handshakes. Only after successful authentication, the agricultural attachments identification subsystem 1710 authorize the use of the agricultural attachment 118 within a machine’s 100 control framework, ensuring reliable operation and maintaining system integrity. In some aspects, each agricultural attachment 118 identifies itself through one of CAN- based Tool -identity (ID) handshake and Serial / LAN communication. Each agricultural attachment 118 contains a unique identifier (identification data) encoded through one of the CAN-based Tool ID and the Serial / LAN communication, which is read by the machine 100 via a data / power interface upon connection. Using this unique identifier, the machine 100 automatically determines the type of agricultural attachment 118 installed and loads the corresponding one or more operational parameters and the agricultural operation profile, ensuring correct configuration, seamless integration, and optimal performance. Alternatively or additionally, each agricultural attachment 118 identifies itself using one or more communication or identification interfaces selected from wired or wireless interfaces, including Serial, Ethernet, USB, RS-485, Bluetooth®, Wi-Fi, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Near Field Communication (NFC), or power-line communication.

[0206] In an exemplary embodiment, the navigation subsystem 1712 is configured to receive the control signals from the end device 1604 operated by the user, enabling the machine 100 to be navigated in a user-defined direction during manual operation. The end device 1604 transmits directional commands, speed modulation inputs, and stop instructions through the wireless communication network, allowing the user to guide the machine 100 across the field with real-time steering and motion control. This manual mode supports tasks that require user supervision or precision placement of the machine 100 before automated operation begins.

[0207] The navigation subsystem 1712 is also configured to autonomously generate the navigation map using the one or more Al models when operating in the autonomous mode. To construct the navigation map, the navigation subsystem 1712 processes real-time field data that includes at least one of: the vegetation-layout data, the fieldgeometry data, the terrain-profile data, the visual data, the obstacle data, and the vegetation-density data. The navigation subsystem 1712 integrates these diverse datasets to identify row patterns, determine safe driving paths, avoid obstacles, and orient the machine 100 along the correct travel direction based on the structure of the vegetation and the terrain. The one or more Al models utilised by the navigation subsystem 1712 generate the navigation map by performing a set of perception and interpretation processes. A segmentation process divides the field scene into vegetation regions, soil regions, row lines, and obstacle zones. A classification process identifies the type of vegetation, the presence of crop stems, and the objects that may affect navigation. A geometric fitting process extracts row geometry, alignment, and directional contours from the field scene, enabling the navigation subsystem 1712 to estimate an optimal path that follows the crop rows and open traversal lanes. By combining these processes, the navigation subsystem 1712 computes the continuous navigation map that guides the machine 100 along a safe, crop-aligned trajectory.

[0208] In another exemplary embodiment, the row detection is achieved through a hybrid vision pipeline that integrates learning-based segmentation, classical computervision processing, and the geometric fitting process. The segmentation process employs a deep-learning segmentation model that initially classifies the field scene into the vegetation and soil regions, establishing the foundational separation required for row interpretation. The classical computer-vision processing, including morphological filtering, edge detection, and contour extraction, is then applied to refine crop boundaries and remove noise introduced by lighting variations and irregular vegetation distribution. Subsequently, the geometric fitting process employs one of: Hough transform, Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC), and polynomial curve fitting to estimate a stable and continuous row centreline. This multi-layer processing architecture ensures robust and accurate row detection across varied crop types, densities, environmental illumination levels, and field conditions, thereby enabling precise autonomous steering. In visually challenging and high-density crop environments, the LiDAR sensor 124 can augment rowspacing estimation and obstacle perception, further improving navigation reliability.

[0209] Once the navigation map is generated, the navigation subsystem 1712 continuously updates the machine’s 100 steering commands, velocity, and trajectory corrections in real time. This ensures that the machine 100 adapts to changing field conditions, newly detected obstacles, and variations in vegetation structure. The navigation subsystem 1712 enables smooth transitions between user-driven control and autonomous path following, ensuring precise navigation for the one or more agricultural operations supported by the machine 100. Also, the navigation subsystem 1712 is further configured to generate a planned path and adjust the planned path in real time based on obstacle detection, terrain variation, and the selected agricultural operation profile.

[0210] In an exemplary embodiment, the control subsystem 1714 is configured to receive the control signals from the end device 1604, enabling the control subsystem 1714 to trigger the one or more operational parameters required for performing selected agricultural operations. When operating under the manual mode, the control subsystem 1714 interprets signals that specify attachment activation, blade / rotor speed, spray initiation, forward speed adjustments, and attachment engagement commands. These user-defined inputs allow the machine 100 to directly influence how each agricultural attachment 118 functions during manual operation. In certain exemplary embodiments, the one or more Al models may include machine learning models, deep learning models, hybrid learning models, or combinations thereof, selected based on computational requirements and operational conditions.

[0211] The control subsystem 1714 is also configured to autonomously control each agricultural attachment 118 based on the selected at least one agricultural operation profile generated by the operation profile generating subsystem 1706. During the autonomous mode, the control subsystem 1714 retrieves the one or more operational parameters defined within the selected at least one agricultural operation profile and applies the one or more operational parameters to the corresponding agricultural attachment 118 in real time. This enables fully automated execution of tilling, soil cultivation, weed removal, grass cutting, spraying, and row-wise deweeding operations without requiring user intervention. The one or more operational parameters comprise, but not limited to, at least one of: rotational-speed parameters, depth set-points, height set-points, steering parameters, tool-engagement commands, power-delivery commands, and the like, for the plurality of agricultural attachments 118.

[0212] The control subsystem 1714 is further configured to generate the closed-loop operational commands for each agricultural attachment 118 using the real-time actuation-unit feedback. This closed-loop regulation is based on at least one of: the torque data, the RPM data, the temperature data, and the actuator-position data associated with the actuation-unit feedback data. By continuously interpreting these feedback signals, the control subsystem 1714 may determine whether the agricultural attachment 118 is under excessive load, encountering resistance, overheating, or operating outside its intended speed range. The control subsystem 1714 then modifies power delivery, actuator motion, and attachment operation to maintain optimal performance and prevent component stress.

[0213] The control subsystem 1714 is additionally configured to autonomously adjust one of: the working height and the working depth of any agricultural attachment 118 based on the depth data from the ground-distance sensor 134 and the actuation-unit feedback data generated by the inertial measurement unit 138 and the actuatorposition sensor. Using this real-time feedback, the control subsystem 1714 dynamically raises or lowers the selected at least one agricultural attachment 118 to maintain consistent tilling depth, cutting height, and deweeding penetration across variable terrain. These automatic adjustments ensure continuous and uniform field operation even when encountering uneven soil surfaces, vegetation clusters, and changes in crop spacing.

[0214] The control subsystem 1714 analyses all combined inputs and applies Proportional- Integral-Derivative (PID) or adaptive control logic to raise or lower the agricultural attachment 118 as required to maintain the target operational set-point. Through this automatic regulation, the machine 100 compensates for uneven ground, prevents overload conditions, and delivers consistent cutting, tilling, or deweeding performance without requiring manual adjustment.

[0215] In some exemplary embodiments, the machine 100 employs a bidirectional masterslave communication architecture in which the main body 102 (master unit) transmits operational commands, including rotational-speed targets, depth or height set-points, spray parameters, and attachment-specific operating modes, to the connected agricultural attachment 118 (slave unit), while the connected agricultural attachment 118 simultaneously provides continuous real-time feedback to the main body 102. This feedback includes at least one of: the torque data or current levels, the RPM data, the actuator-position data, the temperature data, and indicators of clogging / overload conditions. Using this two-way communication loop, the main body 102 dynamically adjusts attachment behaviour during the agricultural operation, enabling functions such as adaptive depth regulation, height adjustment, overload protection, and safe autonomous attachment control.

[0216] In certain exemplary embodiments, the machine 100 employs a hybrid artificial intelligence stack that integrates vision-based deep learning models with classical control models such as the PID, Pure Pursuit, and Stanley controllers, along with machine-learning-based terrain estimators. This multi-layer processing architecture operates using real-time inputs from the plurality of sensors 112 to interpret field conditions accurately. Through this combined sensor- Al pipeline, the machine 100 autonomously steers within the crop rows, identifies and avoids the obstacles, and dynamically adjusts forward speed based on crop density, soil resistance, and terrain slope. The resulting control outputs are transmitted through communication protocols such as CAN, Serial, and LAN to propulsion motors, steering actuators, and linear actuators, enabling smooth, stable, and reliable autonomous operation across varied agricultural environments.

[0217] In an alternative exemplary embodiment, the machine 100 adapts to different agricultural field layouts by combining user-selectable field profiles, vision-based automatic layout detection, and adaptive learning models that dynamically adjust steering behaviour, forward speed, and attachment-control parameters. Raised-bed fields are managed through soil-edge and ridge-recognition logic that enables automatic depth / height compensation as the machine 100 traverses the bed structure. Orchard environments with irregular plant spacing are addressed by detecting tree trunks and generating dynamic navigation corridors around the tree trunks. Contour or curved planting layouts are handled by applying spline-based row modelling and slope-aware steering logic to maintain accurate path following. Field configuration may be manually selected by the user, automatically inferred from the sensor data, and progressively learned as the machine 100 collects additional environmental information during operation. In visually challenging and dense vegetation conditions, the LiDAR sensor 124 may supplement a perception system to improve spacing estimation and obstacle interpretation.

[0218] In other exemplary embodiments, the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 is implemented as smart attachments, each comprising an attachment-level microcontroller configured to operate as a slave node in communication with a central controller of the machine 100. The communication between the main body 102 and the smart attachments is established through one or more internal communication buses, including, but not limited to, Controller Area Network (CAN), Controller Area Network - Flexible Data-Rate (CAN-FD), Local Interconnect Network (LIN), Ethernet, Ethernet for Control Automation Technology (EtherCAT), Recommended Standard-485 (RS-485), and Modbus. A communication architecture supports hot-plug detection, dynamic bus arbitration, and automatic attachment discovery upon connection. Both wired and wireless communication interfaces may be supported to provide redundancy and fallback operation. This distributed communication framework enables real-time data exchange, attachment identification, health monitoring, and closed-loop control, thereby allowing intelligent, adaptive operation of the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 mounted on different sides of the machine 100. In other exemplary embodiments, the machine 100 implements a cybersecurity and authentication framework to ensure safe and authorised operation of the plurality of agricultural attachments 118. Upon connection, each agricultural attachment 118 performs an encrypted identification exchange with a main controller to verify authenticity. The machine 100 further supports firmware authentication to ensure that only verified and compatible attachment firmware is executed. Unauthorised or unsafe third-party agricultural attachments 118 may be restricted or disabled based on authentication results. The machine 100 may additionally implement secure boot and secure firmware update mechanisms, including wired or over-the- air (OTA) updates, to protect system integrity and prevent unauthorised script execution, thereby enhancing operational safety and industrial applicability.

[0219] In other exemplary embodiments, the machine 100 supports an initial calibration and learning phase to adapt operation to specific field and crop conditions. Upon first use or attachment installation, a first-run calibration routine is executed to calibrate the plurality of sensors 112, attachment positioning, and operational parameters. The machine 100 further provides a field-learning mode in which operational data is continuously collected and used to refine control parameters over time. An operator-assisted teaching mode may be enabled to allow the user to guide the machine 100 or the agricultural attachment 118 during initial passes, after which the learned behaviour is automatically replicated. Learned parameters may be stored and associated with specific fields, crops, or operational profiles for reuse in subsequent operations, enabling adaptive and non-obvious intelligent control.

[0220] In other exemplary embodiments, the machine 100 incorporates fail-safe and degraded operating modes to ensure safe operation under abnormal or fault conditions. Upon detection of sensor failure, communication loss, and abnormal system behaviour, the machine 100 is configured to enter a fallback mode using redundant sensors, estimated parameters, and predefined safe values. A manual override mode may be enabled to allow user control during partial system failure. The machine 100 may further support a limp-home mode in which propulsion and attachment operation are limited to safe levels to allow controlled relocation of the machine 100. Additionally, the machine 100 is configured to initiate a safe shutdown upon detection of critical events, including power-take-off (PTO) overload, battery thermal fault, and loss of communication with the connected agricultural attachment 118, thereby preventing equipment damage.

[0221] In other exemplary embodiments, the machine 100 implements an energy management logic configured to optimise power usage across mobility and attachment operations. The machine 100 prioritises power distribution between the propulsion unit 110 and the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 based on operational requirements and safety conditions. During low state-of-charge (SOC) conditions, the machine 100 dynamically derates propulsion speed, attachment load, or both to extend operational runtime. The energy management logic further performs predictive energy estimation for each agricultural operation profile based on historical consumption data and real-time operating parameters. Additionally, attachment-level power budgeting is applied to limit and allocate available power to each agricultural attachment 118, ensuring stable operation and preventing overload, particularly in multi -attachment configurations.

[0222] In other exemplary embodiments, the machine 100 is configured with modular subassemblies to facilitate efficient manufacturing, assembly, and maintenance. Major functional units, including the propulsion unit 110, the powertrain assembly 106, mobility modules, control electronics, and the plurality of agricultural attachments 118, are configured as field-replaceable units (FRUs) that can be removed and replaced with minimal tools or tool -less mechanisms. The machine 100 incorporates standardised fasteners, mounting points, and interface geometries to simplify servicing and reduce downtime. Such a modular and service-oriented configuration supports scalable production, ease of repair in field conditions, and improved industrial applicability of the machine 100.

[0223] In other exemplary embodiments, the machine 100 is configured to be adaptable to applicable regulatory and compliance requirements across different regions. The machine 100 may be configured to comply with agricultural machinery safety norms, electrical safety standards, and electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic compatibility (EMI / EMC) regulations. A system architecture further supports regional configurability to accommodate variations in safety requirements, electrical ratings, communication standards, and operational guidelines, thereby enabling deployment across multiple jurisdictions and supporting international applicability.

[0224] In other exemplary embodiments, the machine 100 operates as an attachmentcentric platform supporting an open or controlled attachment ecosystem. The machine 100 provides defined mechanical, electrical, power, and communication interfaces that enable third-party developers or partners to construct compatible attachments using an interface specification or software development kit (SDK). The plurality of agricultural attachments 118 may be classified as certified or noncertified, wherein certified plurality of agricultural attachments 118 are authenticated and fully integrated with the machine’s 100 control, safety, and energy management logic, while non-certified plurality of agricultural attachments 118 attachments may be restricted to limited or supervised operation. This ecosystem approach enables extensibility, third-party innovation, and scalable functionality while maintaining system safety and interoperability.

[0225] FIG. 18A-18B illustrates an exemplary flow diagram representation depicting a method 1800 for performing the one or more agricultural operations using the machine 100, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0226] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method 1800 for performing the one or more agricultural operations using the machine 100 is disclosed. At step 1802, the method 1800 includes releasably connecting the at least one agricultural attachment 118 of the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 to the at least one attachment mounting interface 104 of the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces 104 provided on the main body 102. This enables rapid attachment exchange and efficient transition between different agricultural operations.

[0227] At step 1804, the method 1800 includes mounting one of: the tracked assembly 202 and the wheel assembly 802 to the powertrain assembly 106 using the configurable adapter unit 108. The configurable adapter unit 108 interfaces with the powertrain assembly 106 on the main body 102 to establish a secure mobility configuration. This allows the machine 100 to be quickly adapted for different terrain and field conditions.

[0228] At step 1806, the method 1800 includes actuating, by the configurable adapter unit 108, the position of one of: the tracked assembly 202 and the wheel assembly 802 relative to the main body 102. The configurable adapter unit 108 adjusts vertical and lateral positions to achieve the desired ground clearance and the wheel-track spacing. This enables the machine 100 to maintain stable and efficient mobility across the varying terrain conditions and vegetation conditions.

[0229] At step 1808, the method 1800 includes operating the propulsion unit 110 in the main body 102 to drive the rotational motion to one of: the tracked assembly 202 and the wheel assembly 802. The propulsion unit 110 also transmits the mechanical power to the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 through the PTO shaft 400 and supplies the electrical power as required. This ensures that all mobility functions and attachment operations are powered efficiently from a unified propulsion system.

[0230] At step 1810, the method 1800 includes generating, by the plurality of sensors 112, the sensor data comprising the attachment-presence data, the attachment lock-state data, the vegetation-layout data, the field-geometry data, the terrain-profile data, the vegetation-density data, the visual data, the obstacle data, the depth data, the voltage data, and the actuation -unit feedback data. The plurality of sensors 112 operates simultaneously to capture real-time field and machine conditions. This comprehensive sensing enables precise monitoring and adaptive decision-making during the one or more agricultural operations.

[0231] At step 1812, the method 1800 includes generating, by the one or more microcontrollers 114, the plurality of agricultural operation profiles based on the one or more operational parameters one of: entered through the user interface and automatically derived from at least one of: the visual data, the vegetation-layout data, the field-geometry data, the terrain-profile data, and the vegetation-density data, using the one or more Al models. The one or more microcontrollers 114 interpret these inputs to compute the appropriate attachment settings for each agricultural attachment 118. This enables the machine 100 to automatically select optimised operating conditions tailored to the specific crop and field environment.

[0232] At step 1814, the method 1800 includes determining, by the one or more microcontrollers 114, which at least one agricultural attachment 118 is connected to the attachment mounting interface 104 of the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces 104 based on the attachment-presence data. The one or more microcontrollers 114 identify the mounted at least one agricultural attachment 118 as soon as physical coupling is detected. This enables the machine 100 to automatically recognise the at least one agricultural attachment 118 and prepare the corresponding operational settings.

[0233] At step 1816, the method 1800 includes determining, by the one or more microcontrollers 114, whether the connected at least one agricultural attachment 118 is securely engaged based on the attachment lock-state data. The one or more microcontrollers 114 verify that all locking elements are properly positioned. This ensures safe operation by preventing activation of any agricultural attachment 118 until full mechanical engagement is confirmed.

[0234] At step 1818, the method 1800 includes receiving, by the one or more microcontrollers 114, the corresponding identification data of each agricultural attachment 118 at the time the agricultural attachment 118 is connected to the attachment mounting interface 104. The one or more microcontrollers 114 use the identification data to select the appropriate agricultural operation profile. This enables automatic configuration of the machine 100 based on the specific agricultural attachment 118 connected.

[0235] At step 1820, the method 1800 includes navigating, by the one or more microcontrollers 114, the machine 100 by one of: receiving the control signals from the end device 1604 for the user-directed movement and autonomously generating the navigation map using the one or more Al models that process at least one of: the vegetation-layout data, the field-geometry data, the terrain-profile data, the visual data, the obstacle data, and the vegetation-density data. The one or more microcontrollers 114 interpret these inputs to compute steering and path-planning commands. This enables both manual and autonomous navigation tailored to realtime field conditions.

[0236] At step 1822, the method 1800 includes performing, by the one or more microcontrollers 114, the one or more agricultural operations by one of: receiving the control signals from the end device 1604 that trigger the required one or more operational parameters and autonomously controlling each agricultural attachment 118 based on the selected agricultural operation profile. This enables consistent and efficient completion of the one or more agricultural operations under both the manual mode and the autonomous mode.

[0237] In other exemplary embodiments, the method 1800 for performing the one or more agricultural operations further comprises automatically evaluating compatibility among the plurality of agricultural attachments 118 and disabling incompatible or unsafe operations when more than one agricultural attachment 118 is mounted. The method 1800 additionally includes sequencing multiple agricultural or vegetation management operations in a single pass based on attachment configuration, operational priority, and field conditions, thereby enabling efficient multi -operation execution and reducing field traversal time. In some exemplary embodiments, before initiating, the machine 100 may be configured to engage with the required agricultural attachment 118 based on operational needs. In one scenario, the user manually positions and connects the selected agricultural attachment 118 to the machine 100 through the attachment mounting interface 104. In another scenario, the main body 102 autonomously approaches the agricultural attachment 118 via an integrated docking station that guides alignment, engages the attachment mounting interface 104, and activates locking and detection mechanisms. The docking station enables precise selfalignment and hands-free coupling, allowing the machine 100 to connect to the appropriate agricultural attachment 118 based on operational requirements. In both cases, the agricultural attachment 118 is securely coupled prior to commencing any operational steps. If a battery level falls below a predefined threshold, the machine 100 autonomously navigates to the docking station, where the depleted swapable power source 200 is replaced. This automatic return-to-dock functionality ensures uninterrupted operation and minimises manual intervention.

[0238] In one non-restrictive embodiment, the materials, dimensions, structural configurations, and geometric parameters of any component of the machine 100 are not limited to the specific embodiments described herein. Variations may be implemented based on performance requirements, manufacturing constraints, cost considerations, and field-specific needs. Components may be fabricated from metals, alloys, composites, polymers, or any suitable material capable of achieving the intended mechanical strength, durability, and environmental resistance. Likewise, the size, thickness, cross-section, and overall geometry of each part may be modified without departing from the scope of the invention. Such flexibility ensures that the machine 100 can be adapted to different agricultural scales, operational loads, terrain types, and manufacturing methods while maintaining the functionality described in the present disclosure. In FIG. 18A-18B, the circular symbol with “A” written inside is being used as an off-page connector. This is used for indicating that FIG. 18A continues to the next page as FIG. 18B.

[0239] Numerous advantages of the present disclosure may be apparent from the discussion above. In accordance with the present disclosure, the machine 100 for performing the one or more agricultural operations is disclosed. Safety interlocks integrated within the machine 100 prevent ground strike, overload, and incorrect positioning. The machine 100 determines the target working depth and height using a layered decision framework that incorporates multiple data sources and safety constraints. User-selected presets provide initial targets based on crop type and growth stage. Al-based perception further refines the target depth or height by evaluating crop height, vegetation density, and row geometry to ensure attachment engagement is appropriate for the surrounding vegetation. A safety and overload logic layer enforces upper and lower depth, and height limits to prevent equipment stress or crop damage. These combined inputs are processed by the one or more microcontrollers 114 that continuously updates the actuator setpoint, enabling the machine 100 to maintain optimal attachment position across diverse field conditions and changing crop structures.

[0240] The wheel assembly 802 may be mounted one of: straight and at slanted angles based on the crop spacing, and the height can be automatically / manually adjusted according to the crop. This feature is particularly beneficial in preventing damage to plants and roots. Further, the machine 100 can automatically adjust the height to match the needs of different plants, ensuring precise operation and minimising the risk of crop damage, allowing the machine 100 to work effectively in fields with varying crop heights and densities.

[0241] The machine 100 is configured to operate with just two motor drive trains 500, compared to four or more motors commonly found in existing machines. This reduction in motor usage lowers the overall complexity, power consumption, and operational costs of the machine 100. The simpler configuration also means fewer parts to maintain and repair, further reducing the long-term costs for the user. This smart adjustability ensures that the machine 100 performs the one or more agricultural operations with high precision, enhancing crop yield and quality while minimising waste and resource use. The machine 100 can operate close to the plants without disturbing the roots or stems, protecting the crop and maintaining field integrity.

[0242] The wheels within the wheel assembly 802 could be one of: pneumatic, solid rubber, metal wheels and tubeless tyres. The plurality of tilling blades 902 can be replaceable, such as one of: wet blades, dry blades, depending on the requirements of the weed-removal operation. The cutting width of the plurality of tilling blades 902 is also adjustable to 40 centimetres (cm) to 120 cm, depending on user requirements. With the help of the folding joint 1308, an additional nozzle mount pipe 1304 may be employed to add more nozzles 1302 to increase the spraying coverage. The orientations and positions of the plurality of nozzles 1302 can be changed easily. The machine 100 provides automatic shutdown when slippage, overload, and sensor faults are detected, ensuring safe operation and preventing equipment damage. Additionally, the machine 100 features an automatic halting mechanism enabled by the safety -bump sensors installed on all sides of the machine 100 and the plurality of agricultural attachments 118, which immediately stop the machine 100 upon detecting contact and obstruction.

[0243] Only minimal data is required to train the one or more Al models, as the machine 100 primarily relies on lightweight datasets such as vegetation images, terrain contours, obstacle signatures, sensor-derived depth values, and operational parameters collected during field usage. This enables rapid training, efficient model updates, and deployment without the need for large-scale or computationally intensive datasets. The one or more Al models are further adapted through incremental or continual learning using field-generated data, simulated datasets, or pretrained model fine-tuning, enabling efficient on-device or hybrid edge-cloud model improvement over the operational lifetime of the machine 100. In some embodiments, the machine 100 is configured as a single-purpose system dedicated to a specific agricultural operation, wherein the single agricultural attachment 118 is permanently or semi-permanently integrated with the machine 100 and interchangeable attachment capability is omitted.

[0244] While specific language has been used to describe the invention, any limitations arising on account of the same are not intended. As would be apparent to a person skilled in the art, various working modifications may be made to the method in order to implement the inventive concept as taught herein. The figures and the foregoing description give examples of embodiments.

[0245] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that one or more of the described elements may well be combined into a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements may be split into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment. For example, order of processes described herein may be changed and are not limited to the manner described herein. Moreover, the actions of any flow diagram need not be implemented in the order shown; nor do all of the acts need to be necessarily performed. Also, those acts that are not dependent on other acts may be performed in parallel with the other acts. The scope of embodiments is by no means limited by these specific examples.

Claims

1. I / We Claim:

1. A machine (100) for performing one or more agricultural operations, the machine (100) comprising: a main body (102) comprises a first side (306), a second side (308), a third side (804) and a fourth side (806); a plurality of attachment mounting interfaces (104) disposed on at least one of: the first side (306), the second side (308), the third side (804) and the fourth side (806) of the main body (102), each attachment mounting interface (104) of the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces (104) configured to releasably connect a plurality of agricultural attachments (118) with corresponding identification data; a powertrain assembly (106) operatively mounted in the main body (102), configured to interchangeably support mounting of one of: a tracked assembly (202) and a wheel assembly (802) through a configurable adapter unit (108), for providing mobility to the machine (100), the configurable adapter unit (108) operatively connected to the powertrain assembly (106) on the third side (804) and the fourth side (806) of the main body (102), configured to actuate a position of one of: the tracked assembly (202) and the wheel assembly (802) relative to the main body (102) for managing at least one of: ground clearance and wheel -track lateral spacing based on one of: terrain conditions and vegetation conditions; a propulsion unit (110) operatively connected to the powertrain assembly (106), configured to: provide rotational motion to one of: the tracked assembly (202) and the wheel assembly (802); transmit mechanical power to the plurality of agricultural attachments (118) through a power-take-off (PTO) shaft (400); andtransmit electrical power to the plurality of agricultural attachments (H8); a plurality of sensors (112) operatively positioned on the main body (102) at diverse positions, configured to generate sensor data comprising attachmentpresence data, attachment lock-state data, vegetation-layout data, field-geometry data, terrain-profile data, vegetation-density data, visual data, obstacle data, depth data, voltage data, and actuation-unit feedback data; one or more microcontrollers (114) operatively connected to the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces (104) and the plurality of sensors (112) through a bidirectional communication interface; a memory unit (116) operatively connected to the one or more microcontrollers (114), wherein the memory unit (116) comprises a set of instructions in form of a plurality of subsystems (1602), configured to be executed by the one or more microcontrollers (114), wherein the plurality of subsystems (1602) comprises: an operation profile generating subsystem (1706) configured to generate a plurality of agricultural operation profiles based on one of: obtaining one or more operational parameters for each agricultural attachment (118) of the plurality of agricultural attachments (118) through a user interface in accordance with vegetation type; and determining the one or more operational parameters for each agricultural attachment (118) of the plurality of agricultural attachments (118) based on at least one of: the visual data, the vegetation-layout data, the field-geometry data, the terrain-profile data, the vegetation-density data, using one or more artificial intelligence models; an agricultural attachments detection subsystem (1708) configured to:determine at least one agricultural attachment (118) within the plurality of agricultural attachments (118) connected to at least one attachment mounting interface (104) within the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces (104) based on the attachmentpresence data; and determine secure engagement of the at least one agricultural attachment (118) based on the attachment lock-state data; an agricultural attachments identification subsystem (1710) configured to receive the corresponding identification data of the plurality of agricultural attachments (118) at a time of connection to the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces (104) for selecting at least one agricultural operation profile within the plurality of agricultural operation profiles; a navigation subsystem (1712) configured to one of: receive control signals from an end device (1604) operated by a user for navigating the machine (100) in the user-defined direction; and generate a navigation map using the one or more artificial intelligence models based on processing at least one of: the vegetation-layout data, the field-geometry data, the terrain-profile data, the visual data, the obstacle data, and the vegetation-density data, for navigating the machine (100) along the navigation map; and a control subsystem (1714) configured to one of: receive the control signal from the end device (1604) to trigger the one or more operational parameters for performing the one or more agricultural operations; and autonomously control each agricultural attachment (118) of the plurality of agricultural attachments (118) based on the selected at least one agricultural operation profile within the plurality ofagricultural operation profiles for performing the one or more agricultural operations.

2. The machine (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more agricultural operations comprise at least one of a tilling operation, a soil-cultivation operation, a weed-removal operation, a grass-cutting operation, a pesticidespraying operation, a water-spraying operation, a chemical-spraying operation, a soil-depth adjustment operation, a row-wise deweeding operation, a harvesting operation, a seeding operation, a sowing operation, a sapling operation, a fertiliser operation, a crop monitoring and scouting operation, and a data collection and field-mapping operation.

3. The machine (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces (104) is selected from a group comprises one of a snap-fit mounting interface, a magnetic mounting interface, a quick-release latch mounting interface, a bayonet-type twist-lock mounting interface, a spring- loaded pin mounting interface, and a lever-actuated clamp mounting interface.

4. The machine (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of agricultural attachments (118) comprises at least one of a rotavator attachment (140), a grass cutter attachment (142), a sprayer attachment (144), and a cultivator attachment (146), the rotavator attachment (140) is operatively connected on the second side (308) of the main body (102) with the power-take-off (PTO) shaft (400) for receiving the mechanical power, configured to perform the weed-removal operation in a vegetation, the rotavator attachment (140) comprises: a mounting adapter (900) configured with a depth control mechanism to maintain proper tilling depth; a plurality of tilling blades (902) configured to till the soil and cut weed in the vegetation;a back plough (904) mounted at a rear end (910) of the rotavator attachment (140), configured to remove the weed in the vegetation; and a rotavator actuator (908) operatively connected with the one or more microcontrollers (114), configured to control a depth of cut by receiving one of: the control signal from the end device (1604) and the selected at least one agricultural operation profile within the plurality of agricultural operation profiles; the grass cutter attachment (142) is operatively connected on one of: the first side (306) and the second side (308) of the main body (102) through a front hitch bar (700) of the main body (102), configured to receive the electrical power from the propulsion unit (110) to perform the grass-cutting operation, the grass cutter attachment (142) comprises: a hitch pivot (1106) operatively connected to the front hitch bar (700), configured to provide a flexibility to the grass cutter attachment (142) at uneven terrains in the vegetation; a height alteration unit (1104) operatively coupled with the hitch pivot (1106), configured to provide defined height to the grass cutter attachment (142) based on receiving one of: the control signal from the end device (1604) and the selected at least one agricultural operation profile within the plurality of agricultural operation profiles; a cutting blades assembly (1102, 1108) operatively connected to the height alteration unit (1104), configured to perform the grasscutting operation; and a support wheel assembly (1100) operatively connected to the cutting blades assembly (1102, 1108) via a height alteration lever (1114), configured to provide additional support to the grass cutterattachment (142) and provide the defined height to the cutting blades assembly (1102, 1108) in the uneven terrains; the sprayer attachment (144) is operatively connected to the second side (308) of the main body (102) for receiving the mechanical power and the electrical power, configured to perform the water-spraying operation, the pesticidespraying operation and the chemical-spraying operation in the vegetation, the sprayer attachment (144) comprises: a sprayer actuation unit operatively connected to one of the power-take-off (PTO) shaft (400) and the propulsion unit (110) configured to receive at least one of mechanical power and the electrical power; an adaptable sprayer frame (1310) operatively connected to sprayer actuation unit, configured to alter the adaptable sprayer frame (1310) to a pre-defined angle for spraying one of water, pesticide and chemical in a targeted direction on the vegetation; and a plurality of nozzles (1302) operatively positioned on the adaptable sprayer frame (1310), configured to connect with a reservoir tank (1306) through one or more liquid hose pipes (1304) for receiving one of the water, the pesticide, and the chemical, for performing the water-spraying operation, the pesticide-spraying operation and the chemical-spraying operation in the vegetation; and the cultivator attachment (146) is operatively connected on the second side (308) of the main body (102), configured to perform the tilling operation, the soil-cultivation operation, and the row-wise deweeding operation, the cultivator attachment (146) comprises: a cultivator attachment lifter assembly (1502) operatively connected to the main body (102), configured to alter a height of the cultivator attachment (146) with respect to a ground;a cultivator attachment actuator (1504) operatively connected to the cultivator attachment lifter assembly (1502), configured to actuate the cultivator attachment lifter assembly (1502) to maintain a pre-defined depth during the tilling operation, the soil-cultivation operation, and the row-wise deweeding operation; and a cutting blade (1500) is operatively coupled to the cultivator attachment lifter assembly (1502), configured to perform the tilling operation and the row- wise deweeding operation.

5. The machine (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of agricultural attachments (118) further comprises at least one of: a seeding attachment, a transplanting attachment, a fertiliser attachment, a harvesting attachment, a pruning attachment, a crop monitoring attachment, and a residue management attachment.

6. The machine (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the configurable adapter unit (108) comprises at least one telescopic member and at least one vertical adjustment member configured to vary the ground clearance and the wheel-track lateral spacing.

7. The machine (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the propulsion unit (110) comprises an actuation unit selected from one of: an internal combustion (IC) engine and an electric motor powered with one of: a swapable power source (200) and a rechargeable power source, configured to provide at least one of: the mechanical power and the electrical power to the machine (100) and the plurality of agricultural attachments (118).

8. The machine (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors (112) comprises: one or more attachment-presence sensors (120) configured to generate the attachment-presence data;one or more locking-state sensors (122) configured to generate the attachment lock- state data; one or more first sensors a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor (124) and an ultrasonic sensor (126) configured to generate the vegetation-layout data and the field-geometry data; a terrain-profile sensor (128) configured to generate the terrain-profile data; a vegetation-density sensor (130) configured to generate the vegetationdensity data; a visual capturing unit (132) and the ultrasonic sensor (126) configured to generate the visual data and the obstacle data; a ground-distance sensor (134) configured to generate the depth data; a voltage sensor (136) configured to generate the voltage data of one of the swapable power source (200) and the rechargeable power source; and an inertial measurement unit (138) configured to generate the actuation -unit feedback data.

9. The machine (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the agricultural attachments detection subsystem (1708) is further configured to disable transmission of the mechanical power and the electrical power to the at least one agricultural attachment (118) until secure engagement is determined based on the attachment lock-state data.

10. The machine (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the agricultural attachments identification subsystem (1710) is further configured to perform an authentication protocol with the at least one agricultural attachment (118) to verify authenticity of the corresponding identification data.

11. The machine (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more operational parameters comprises rotational-speed parameters, depth set-points,height set-points, steering parameters, tool-engagement commands and powerdelivery commands for the plurality of agricultural attachments (118).

12. The machine (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more artificial intelligence models are trained on at least one of: historical sensor data, and historical operational parameters, to generate the one or more operational parameters for each agricultural attachment (118) based on processing the corresponding identification data, thereby generating a corresponding agricultural operation profile of the plurality of agricultural operation profiles, the one or more artificial intelligence models comprise at least one of: a segmentation model, a classification model, an object-detection model, a terrainestimation model, a vegetation-density estimation model, a field-geometry interpretation model, and an operational-parameter generation model; and the plurality of agricultural operation profiles comprises at least one of: a tilling operation profile, a soil -cultivation operation profile, a weed-removal operation profile, a grass-cutting operation profile, a pesticide-spraying operation profile, a water-spraying operation profile, a chemical-spraying operation profile, a soil-depth adjustment operation profile, a row-wise deweeding operation profile, a harvesting operation profile, a seeding operation profile, a sowing operation profile, a sapling operation profile, a planting operation profile, a fertilising operation profile, a crop monitoring and scouting operation profile, and a data collection and field-mapping operation profile.

13. The machine (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more artificial intelligence models in the navigation subsystem (1712) is further configured to generate the navigation map by performing at least one of: a segmentation process, a classification process, and a geometric fitting process on at least one of: the visual data, the vegetation-layout data and the field-geometry data.

14. The machine (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control subsystem (1714) is further configured to generate closed-loop operational commands for each agricultural attachment (118) of the plurality of agricultural attachments(118) based on at least one of: torque data, revolutions per minute data, temperature data and the actuator-position data associated with the actuationunit feedback data.

15. The machine (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control subsystem (1714) is further configured to autonomously adjust one of: a working height and a working depth of the at least one agricultural attachment (118) based on the depth data and the actuation-unit feedback data.

16. A method (1800) for performing one or more agricultural operations using a machine (100), the method (1800) comprising: releasably connecting (1802) at least one agricultural attachment (118) of a plurality of agricultural attachments (118) to at least one attachment mounting interface (104) of a plurality of attachment mounting interfaces (104) on a main body (102); mounting (1804) one of: a tracked assembly (202) and a wheel assembly (802) through a configurable adapter unit (108) to a powertrain assembly (106) in the main body (102) to provide mobility to the machine (100); actuating (1806), by the configurable adapter unit (108), a position of one of: the tracked assembly (202) and the wheel assembly (802) relative to the main body (102) to manage at least one of: ground clearance and wheel-track lateral spacing based on one of: terrain conditions and vegetation conditions; operating (1808) a propulsion unit (110) in the main body (102) to: provide rotational motion to one of: the tracked assembly (202) and the wheel assembly (802); transmit mechanical power to the plurality of agricultural attachments (118) through a power-take-off (PTO) shaft (400); and transmit electrical power to the plurality of agricultural attachments (H8);generating (1810), by a plurality of sensors (112), sensor data comprising attachment-presence data, attachment lock-state data, vegetation-layout data, field-geometry data, terrain-profile data, vegetation-density data, visual data, obstacle data, depth data, voltage data, and actuation-unit feedback data; generating (1812), by one or more microcontrollers (114), a plurality of agricultural operation profiles based on one of: obtaining one or more operational parameters for each agricultural attachment (118) of the plurality of agricultural attachments (118) through a user interface in accordance with vegetation type; and determining the one or more operational parameters for each agricultural attachment (118) of the plurality of agricultural attachments (118) based on at least one of: the visual data, the vegetation-layout data, the field-geometry data, the terrain-profile data, the vegetation-density data, using one or more artificial intelligence models; determining (1814), by the one or more microcontrollers (114), the at least one agricultural attachment (118) within the plurality of agricultural attachments (118) connected to the at least one attachment mounting interface (104) within the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces (104) based on the attachmentpresence data; determining (1816), by the one or more microcontrollers (114), secure engagement of the at least one agricultural attachment (118) based on the attachment lock-state data; receiving (1818), by the one or more microcontrollers (114), corresponding identification data of the plurality of agricultural attachments (118) at a time of connection to the plurality of attachment mounting interfaces (104) for selecting at least one agricultural operation profile within the plurality of agricultural operation profiles;navigating (1820), by the one or more microcontrollers (114), the machine (100) through one of: receiving control signals from an end device (1604) operated by a user for navigating the machine (100) in the user-defined direction; and generating a navigation map using the one or more artificial intelligence models based on processing at least one of: the vegetation-layout data, the field-geometry data, the terrain-profile data, the visual data, the obstacle data, and the vegetation-density data; and performing (1822), by the one or more microcontrollers (114), the one or more agricultural operations based on one of: receiving the control signal from the end device (1604) to trigger the one or more operational parameters; and autonomously controlling each agricultural attachment (118) of the plurality of agricultural attachments (118) based on the selected at least one agricultural operation profile within the plurality of agricultural operation profiles.

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