Direct current distribution module with current detection

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of direct current power distribution module with current detection, including PCB, input power interface, power conversion unit, CPU processing and control unit, communication interface and power distribution output unit are set on the PCB, power distribution output unit includes several parallel output branch, output branch is connected with input power interface, power conversion unit, CPU processing and control unit, communication interface, and protection and indication unit, signal acquisition and conditioning unit and MOS tube electronic switch are connected in series on output branch;CPU processing and control unit are used to collect the current signal of output branch, control the on-off of MOS tube electronic switch, and transmit current state data to external device by communication interface. The present application can accurately monitor the current state of each branch by multi-channel synchronous acquisition, improve fault detection and response speed, and significantly enhance system security.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of DC power distribution, specifically relating to a DC power distribution module with current detection. Background Technology

[0002] In shipboard electrical systems, DC power supply has been widely used in the power supply circuits of key low-voltage equipment such as navigation instruments, communication equipment, and monitoring systems due to its advantages such as low voltage, high efficiency, and compact structure.

[0003] Traditional DC power supply systems primarily rely on physically connected distribution boxes or junction boxes, whose function is mainly to distribute the main power supply current to multiple terminal loads. These devices generally possess the following basic technical characteristics:

[0004] 1) It has basic power input and output paths;

[0005] 2) Simple circuit protection is usually achieved using fuses, mechanical switches, or circuit breakers;

[0006] 3) It lacks functions such as current detection, status feedback, and remote communication;

[0007] 4) Most of the modular structures are passive devices, lacking active monitoring and intelligent control capabilities.

[0008] While these basic solutions physically meet the requirements for multiple current outputs, the development of ship automation and intelligence places higher demands on the real-time monitoring capabilities, safety response speed, and modular integration level of power distribution systems. This necessitates the evolution of traditional power distribution modules towards integration and intelligence.

[0009] To compensate for some shortcomings of traditional solutions, some market products currently add simple current sampling devices to each power branch, such as connecting a low-impedance shunt resistor in series at the output, reading the current signal through a differential amplifier circuit, and indicating faults via LEDs. However, the processing of these solutions is still limited to analog circuits, lacking the data computing capabilities of microprocessors, and cannot perform digital analysis and prediction of current change trends. They typically lack dynamic overcurrent judgment logic and cannot proactively respond to load anomalies. Therefore, their protection mechanisms remain at the level of mechanical fuse action, and cannot meet the needs of intelligent ship systems for rapid fault location and automatic isolation.

[0010] Furthermore, most of these products lack communication interfaces, making it impossible to upload current status data to the ship's monitoring system or receive remote control commands. Information presentation remains limited to local LEDs or buzzers. This "information silo" model not only restricts centralized management of ship systems but also hinders the construction of an open and interconnected intelligent energy control platform.

[0011] More importantly, most existing technologies do not integrate functions such as power input, power distribution control, current detection, and communication interface into the same module, resulting in cumbersome system wiring, large installation space, and complicated debugging, making it difficult to meet the actual needs of current ships for lightweight and modular design. Utility Model Content

[0012] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides a DC power distribution module with current detection, which aims to improve the system's intelligent monitoring capabilities, structural integration, and information interconnection level. This results in a module with high integration, fast real-time response, and strong communication capabilities, enabling intelligent monitoring and protection of multiple loads within a limited space, thus meeting the operational safety and digital management requirements of next-generation ship systems.

[0013] The aforementioned DC power distribution module with current detection includes a PCB board. The PCB board is equipped with an input power interface, a power conversion unit, a CPU processing and control unit, a communication interface, and a power distribution output unit. The power distribution output unit includes several parallel output branches, which are connected to the input power interface, the power conversion unit, the CPU processing and control unit, and the communication interface. A protection and indication unit, a signal acquisition and conditioning unit, and a MOSFET electronic switch are connected in series on each output branch. The CPU processing and control unit is used to acquire the current signal from the output branch, control the on / off state of the MOSFET electronic switch, and transmit the current status data to an external device through the communication interface.

[0014] Furthermore, the signal acquisition and conditioning unit includes a differential amplifier and a current sampling resistor. The differential amplifier linearly amplifies the signal sampled by the current sampling resistor, and an RC filter network is provided to reduce noise interference and ensure the accuracy of subsequent data acquisition.

[0015] Furthermore, the current sampling resistor is a low-temperature drift metal film shunt resistor with a resistance of ±1% and a resistance of 4mΩ, used to convert the current signal into a sampleable voltage signal, and the voltage signal is sampled differentially.

[0016] Furthermore, the CPU processing and control unit includes a CMS8S series microcontroller, which acquires current signals from all channels through an ADC module.

[0017] Furthermore, the communication interface is located on one side of the PCB board and is connected to the host computer via an RS485 bus.

[0018] Furthermore, the input power interface is connected to the main DC power supply terminal, providing a system power supply input, supporting 24VDC voltage input, and a maximum total current of 50A.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0020] 1) Real-time intelligent monitoring: Through multi-channel synchronous acquisition, the current status of each branch can be accurately monitored, improving the speed of fault detection and response, and significantly enhancing system safety.

[0021] 2) Highly integrated design: Current detection, power distribution, control protection and communication functions are integrated into a standard module, which is compact in structure and small in size, simplifies installation and wiring, and improves reliability and deployment efficiency.

[0022] 3) Intelligent protection mechanism: The CPU processing and control unit has functions such as custom threshold and rate of change recognition, which can effectively prevent system anomalies caused by sudden load changes.

[0023] 4) Communication and remote management capabilities: It can be linked with the host system through the RS485 interface, supporting the uploading of current parameters and threshold configuration, which facilitates system integration and remote centralized management.

[0024] 5) High adaptability and controllable cost: The system adopts a standard low-power MCU and a general-purpose differential amplifier chip, which has high system reliability and low material cost, making it suitable for mass application in ship and other DC system scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the power distribution module of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0027] like Figure 1As shown, a DC power distribution module with current detection includes a PCB board. The PCB board houses an input power interface, a power conversion unit, a CPU processing and control unit, a communication interface, and a power distribution output unit. The communication interface is located on one side of the PCB board and connects to a host computer via an RS485 bus. The power distribution output unit includes several parallel output branches, which are connected to the input power interface, power conversion unit, CPU processing and control unit, and communication interface. A protection and indication unit, a signal acquisition and conditioning unit, and a MOSFET electronic switch are connected in series on each output branch. The CPU processing and control unit acquires the current signal from the output branch, controls the on / off state of the MOSFET electronic switch, and transmits the current status data to external devices via the communication interface. The protection and indication unit includes LED indicators, one for each output branch. The LED is constantly lit under normal conditions and flashes or turns off during overcurrent, facilitating quick manual identification of faulty paths. Independent indicator lights are also provided for the overall operation and communication status of the power distribution module.

[0028] Specifically, the input power interface connects to the main DC power supply terminal, providing the system power input and supporting a 24V DC voltage input with a maximum total current of 50A. The signal acquisition and conditioning unit includes a differential amplifier and a current sampling resistor. The differential amplifier linearly amplifies the signal sampled by the current sampling resistor and is equipped with an RC filter network to reduce noise interference and ensure the accuracy of subsequent data acquisition. The current sampling resistor is a ±1% low-temperature drift metal film shunt resistor with a resistance of 4mΩ, used to convert the current signal into a sampleable voltage signal, which is sampled differentially.

[0029] The CPU processing and control unit includes a CMS8S series microcontroller, which acquires current signals from all channels through an ADC module.

[0030] It is understood that the power distribution module of this application integrates power input, current detection, protection control, and communication functions into a unified PCB structure. The upper part of the PCB is the power input and output layout area, the middle part is the signal conditioning and CPU processing and control unit, and the bottom is the communication interface area. Each current sampling resistor is soldered in the corresponding output branch path, sharing the same current path as the output MOS electronic switch; the differential amplifier uses the INA2180 signal amplification chip, which is placed close to the current sampling resistor to minimize the sampling path and reduce noise interference; all amplified signals are multiplexed and sent to the MCU's internal ADC module, where they are sequentially acquired according to a channel polling method.

[0031] In addition, the RS485 communication chip connects to the MCU serial port, which is exposed on the module housing via terminal blocks. LED indicators are centrally located on the front of the module for easy observation by the crew.

[0032] The working principle of the DC power distribution module in this application is as follows: After the main DC power supply passes through the input power interface, the current flows through the power distribution module into each output branch. When the current in each output branch flows through the shunt resistor, it generates a weak voltage signal proportional to the current value. This signal is differentially amplified and filtered by the INA2180 chip before being sent to the ADC module of the CPU processing and control unit for digital acquisition. The CPU processing and control unit analyzes the acquired current data in real time and determines whether there is an overload or short-circuit risk in the branch based on the set absolute current value and rate of change. If the current in a certain output branch exceeds the set threshold, the CPU processing and control unit immediately controls the MOS electronic switch of that branch to open and illuminates the corresponding fault indicator light; simultaneously, it uploads the current fault information and real-time data to the host computer monitoring system via the RS485 interface; when the fault is cleared, the system can be reset by sending a reset command from the host computer or by re-powering and initializing using the local reset button to restore power supply. The host computer can view the status of each branch in real time, remotely adjust threshold parameters, or send a reset command to restore the normal power supply process.

[0033] The entire current sampling-judgment-control-communication process of the DC power distribution module in this application is continuously executed in a loop, forming a closed-loop intelligent response mechanism to achieve real-time safety management of the ship's low-voltage DC power supply system.

[0034] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A DC power distribution module with current detection, comprising a PCB board, characterized in that, The PCB board is equipped with an input power interface, a power conversion unit, a CPU processing and control unit, a communication interface, and a power distribution output unit. The power distribution output unit includes several parallel output branches, which are connected to the input power interface, the power conversion unit, the CPU processing and control unit, and the communication interface. A protection and indication unit, a signal acquisition and conditioning unit, and a MOSFET electronic switch are connected in series on the output branches. The CPU processing and control unit is used to acquire the current signal of the output branches, control the on / off state of the MOSFET electronic switch, and transmit the current status data to external devices through the communication interface.

2. The DC power distribution module with current detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal acquisition and conditioning unit includes a differential amplifier and a current sampling resistor. The differential amplifier linearly amplifies the signal sampled by the current sampling resistor, and an RC filter network is equipped to reduce noise interference and ensure the accuracy of subsequent data acquisition.

3. A DC power distribution module with current detection according to claim 2, characterized in that, The current sampling resistor is a low-temperature drift metal film shunt resistor with a resistance of ±1% and a value of 4mΩ, used to convert the current signal into a sampleable voltage signal, and the voltage signal is sampled differentially.

4. A DC power distribution module with current detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The CPU processing and control unit includes a CMS8S series microcontroller, which acquires current signals from all channels through an ADC module.

5. A DC power distribution module with current detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication interface is located on one side of the PCB board and is connected to the host computer via an RS485 bus.

6. A DC power distribution module with current detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input power interface is connected to the main DC power supply terminal, providing the system power supply input, supporting 24V DC voltage input, and the maximum total current is 50A.

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