An automatic transfer switch apparatus based on ats power supply

Abstract

The utility model relates to power conversion switch technical field, concretely is a kind of automatic transfer switch based on ATS power supply. Including normal power input, standby power input, output, the normal power input is connected moulded case circuit breaker after isolating switch and then connects the output, the standby power input is connected moulded case circuit breaker after isolating switch and then connects the output, the isolating switch and isolating switch are used for circuit isolation, and the moulded case circuit breaker and moulded case circuit breaker provide overcurrent protection. The utility model constructs the switching control system based on real-time power parameter monitoring, and the time sequencing is divided and is controlled to isolating switch Qa1, Qb1 by time-delay relay group and intermediate relay Rel1, avoids the physical defect of traditional mechanical interlock, and improves reliability and durability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of power transfer switch technology, specifically an automatic transfer switch based on an ATS power supply. Background Technology

[0002] In power supply systems, automatic transfer switches (ATS) are core equipment ensuring continuous power supply to critical loads, and their reliability directly impacts electrical safety. Traditional ATSs typically employ mechanical interlocking structures to switch between primary and backup power supplies and rely on simple relay devices for status monitoring. However, with the increasing complexity of power grid environments and the diversification of load demands, existing technologies have gradually revealed significant shortcomings: On the one hand, mechanical interlocking mechanisms, limited by physical contact characteristics, are prone to wear and jamming during high-frequency switching or long-term operation, leading to erroneous synchronization of the two power supplies and creating a risk of reverse power transmission. On the other hand, relay monitoring methods based on fixed thresholds are ill-suited to dynamic fluctuations in power parameters. When instantaneous voltage deviations or frequency disturbances occur, misjudgments can easily lead to unnecessary switching actions. Conversely, in abnormal operating conditions where switching is truly necessary, the lack of a delayed discrimination mechanism may cause false triggering of instantaneous disturbances, further exacerbating system stability risks. Furthermore, the lack of coordination between traditional overcurrent protection devices and switching control units hinders accurate fault type identification and graded protection, limiting the effectiveness of protection actions. Therefore, how to achieve decision-making on switching logic, improve the reliability of interlocking mechanisms, and coordinate the optimization of protection functions in complex power environments has become an urgent problem to be solved in the current ATS technology field. Utility Model Content

[0003] This invention provides an automatic transfer switch based on an ATS power supply, aiming to overcome at least one of the defects in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution disclosed in this invention is as follows:

[0005] According to one aspect of this disclosure, an automatic transfer switch based on an ATS power supply is provided, including a main power input terminal, a backup power input terminal, and an output terminal. The main power input terminal is connected to the output terminal via a disconnect switch connected to a molded case circuit breaker. The backup power input terminal is connected to the output terminal via a disconnect switch connected to the molded case circuit breaker. The disconnect switches are used for circuit isolation, and the molded case circuit breaker provides overcurrent protection.

[0006] The controller integrates an ARM processor and monitors the parameters of the primary power input and backup power input through voltage / frequency sensors;

[0007] The controller is connected to a delay relay group and an intermediate relay, and is used to control the opening and closing of the disconnecting switch;

[0008] The controller has a built-in software interlock module to prevent the disconnect switch and the disconnect switch from closing simultaneously.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a fuse-type isolator, which is connected in parallel at the output terminals of the molded case circuit breaker and the molded case circuit breaker to enhance overcurrent protection.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a time relay, which is used to delay switching after detecting a power abnormality to avoid accidental triggering by momentary disturbances.

[0011] Furthermore, the controller is externally connected to a programmable logic controller and a programmer for configuring switching logic and parameters.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes an alarm relay and a fault alarm status indicator light, wherein the alarm relay is connected to the controller and is used to trigger the fault alarm status indicator light when a fault is detected.

[0013] Furthermore, the controller integrates a CPU module and an input / output module, and the voltage / frequency sensor communicates with the CPU module through the input / output module.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a selector switch and a limit switch, wherein the selector switch is used to switch between automatic and manual control modes, and the limit switch is used to monitor the open / closed state of the isolating switch.

[0015] Furthermore, the disconnecting switch and the miniature circuit breaker connected in parallel at its front end are used to protect the power supply circuit of the controller.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a power module and indicator lights. The power module supplies power to the controller, and the indicator lights are used to display the on / off status of the main power input terminal and the backup power input terminal.

[0017] Furthermore, the output terminal includes an important load terminal and a general load terminal, which are used to connect loads of different priorities, respectively.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0019] This invention achieves time-sequential opening and closing control of isolating switches Qa1 and Qb1 through a time-delay relay group and an intermediate relay Rel1, avoiding the physical defects of traditional mechanical interlocking and improving the reliability and durability of the interlocking mechanism.

[0020] Furthermore, the coordinated design of the molded case circuit breakers Qa2 and Qb2 with the controller not only avoids false tripping caused by momentary disturbances, but also ensures rapid response to continuous faults.

[0021] Furthermore, the introduction of time relay Rel2 in the time delay relay group gives the system the ability to detect power supply anomalies with a delay, effectively filtering out instantaneous power grid fluctuations and ensuring that the switching action is triggered only when the power supply status is continuously abnormal, thus significantly reducing the probability of false switching. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the switching circuit of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 This is the schematic diagram of the control circuit of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides the following preferred embodiments:

[0026] Example 1:

[0027] To address the malfunctions caused by insufficient mechanical interlock reliability and coarse switching logic in automatic transfer switches under complex power environments, this embodiment specifically defines the core components and connection relationships of automatic transfer switches based on ATS power supplies, constructing a power switching system that combines monitoring and reliable interlocking.

[0028] Furthermore, the primary power input terminal Un and the backup power input terminal Ug serve as dual power supply access ports, with electrical parameters adapted to industrial-grade power distribution standards, supporting AC 380V / 50Hz or AC 220V / 60Hz power input. In the primary power supply channel, the disconnector Qa1 is a GLR series load disconnector, whose knife-fuse switch structure boasts high reliability with a mechanical life ≥10,000 cycles, providing a clear electrical isolation point during maintenance. The downstream molded case circuit breaker Qa2 is a TGM1L type residual current circuit breaker with a built-in electronic overcurrent protection trip unit, capable of providing long-delay protection for 1.1 times the rated current with a tripping time of 1-2 hours and instantaneous trip protection for 5-10 times the rated current, achieving graded fault protection for the primary power supply circuit. The disconnector Qb1 and molded case circuit breaker Qb2 in the backup power supply channel are configured with the same specifications, ensuring consistent protection characteristics for both power supply channels.

[0029] Furthermore, the controller MCU adopts a modular design, with the core processing unit being an STM32MP157 chip equipped with an ARM Cortex-A7 core. The voltage / frequency sensors are LEM brand LV25-P voltage transmitters and FSM-01 frequency modules, which are coupled to the main power input terminal Un and the backup power input terminal Ug through a high-precision voltage divider resistor network and a current transformer, respectively. The voltage RMS value and frequency are monitored in real time with a measurement accuracy of 0.2 level. The monitoring data is transmitted to the digital signal processing unit of the controller MCU via the SPI bus.

[0030] Furthermore, at the control execution level, the GPIO output port of the controller MCU is connected to the time-delay relay group and the intermediate relay Rel1 via an optocoupler isolation circuit. The time-delay relay group uses H3BA-N8H type time relays with a delay error ≤±1%. The delay threshold can be configured by the controller from 0.1-60s to filter instantaneous voltage fluctuations in the power grid. For example, a sag lasting <150ms is considered a recoverable anomaly and does not trigger switching. The intermediate relay Rel1 is a G2R-1-SN type high-sensitivity relay with a coil power consumption ≤0.9W and a contact capacity of DC 30V / 10A, which can reliably drive the electromagnetic operating mechanism of disconnect switches Qa1 and Qb1. When the controller MCU determines from sensor data that the primary power supply is abnormal and the duration exceeds the delay threshold, it first sends a trip signal to the intermediate relay Rel1 of the primary power supply channel to disconnect disconnect switch Qa1. After a 50ms arc suppression delay, it sends a closing signal to the intermediate relay Rel1 of the backup power supply channel to complete the seamless switching.

[0031] Furthermore, the software interlock module built into the controller MCU is designed based on the state machine principle, defining three mutually exclusive states: "normal power supply closed," "standby power supply closed," and "dual power supply open." The state is verified by real-time reading of feedback signals from the auxiliary contacts of the isolating switch, which are then collected by the limit switch. When the isolating switch of one channel is detected to be closed, the software system automatically blocks the closing control output of the other channel. Simultaneously, a dual verification mechanism is set up—that is, before the switching action is executed, the current state must be confirmed three times consecutively to avoid misjudgments caused by signal interference.

[0032] Furthermore, the controller MCU's power supply circuit is equipped with an independent DC-DC isolated power supply module, featuring input overvoltage protection and reverse connection protection to ensure continuous and stable operation of the controller during power switching transitions. All signal transmission lines employ twisted-pair differential transmission, and TVS diodes are installed at the interfaces for surge protection, enhancing the system's electromagnetic interference immunity.

[0033] This embodiment achieves an upgrade of the automatic transfer switch through meticulous design of core component selection, parameter matching, and control logic: high-precision real-time monitoring by voltage / frequency sensors provides a data foundation for switching decisions; the ARM processor-driven delay discrimination mechanism effectively distinguishes between transient disturbances and persistent faults; the software interlock module, combined with state feedback verification, constructs a reliable mutual exclusion control system; and the series configuration of molded case circuit breakers and disconnectors provides physical-level fault protection. All components work collaboratively through standardized electrical interfaces and digital communication protocols, retaining the mechanical protection characteristics of traditional ATSs and solving the technical problems of easy wear and tear of mechanical interlocks and easy misjudgment of fixed threshold monitoring in high-frequency switching scenarios. This provides an engineerable implementation solution for continuous power supply to critical loads.

[0034] Example 2:

[0035] To address the insufficient overcurrent protection response accuracy of existing automatic transfer switches, this embodiment adds a fusible isolator at the output terminal of the molded case circuit breaker to enhance overcurrent protection. The fusible isolator is an RT16-200 type filled enclosed tubular fuse with a rated voltage of AC 660V and a rated current ranging from 50-200A. It is connected in parallel to the output busbars of the molded case circuit breakers for both the primary and backup power supply channels via copper busbars. This fuse uses a high-purity copper fusible element with a tin-plated surface, achieving a breaking capacity of 50kA (AC 380V). It can quickly melt before the peak short-circuit current, achieving the initial interruption of arc energy. It is important to understand that the fuse isolator and the molded case circuit breaker work together to form a protective characteristic: when the circuit experiences an overload of 1.1-1.5 times the rated current, the thermal-magnetic trip unit of the molded case circuit breaker will operate with an inverse time delay; when the short-circuit current exceeds 10 times the rated current, the fuse isolator will break first, limiting the impact of the short-circuit current on the load and reducing the wear of the molded case circuit breaker contacts.

[0036] Furthermore, the fusible isolator is fixed to the output busbar at both ends via bolted terminals, and its installation position is close to the outgoing terminals of the molded case circuit breaker to shorten the fault current path. A microswitch is built into the fuse holder and connected to the controller's digital input port via a hardwire to monitor the fuse status in real time. When the fuse blows, the microswitch triggers a signal change, which the controller uses to determine an overcurrent fault and lock the current power supply channel, while simultaneously sending a switching command to the other channel. The isolator is equipped with a removable insulated protective shell, with rated parameters and replacement warning labels marked on the surface for easy identification. Its rated current is configured in a 1.2:1 ratio with the long-delay trip current threshold of the molded case circuit breaker to ensure coordinated operation timing across the overload protection zones.

[0037] The advantage of this embodiment is that by configuring the fuse isolator and the molded case circuit breaker in parallel, a hierarchical overcurrent protection system is constructed. The fast breaking characteristic of the fuse isolator makes up for the insufficient breaking capacity of the molded case circuit breaker under extreme short-circuit conditions. The status monitoring of the controller realizes the synergistic cooperation of the protection characteristics of the two, effectively reducing the risk of equipment damage caused by overcurrent faults and improving the fault response capability and maintainability of the system.

[0038] Example 3:

[0039] To address the issue of erroneous switching in automatic transfer switches due to momentary grid disturbances, this embodiment introduces a time relay into the control circuit to construct a delay-based detection mechanism. The time relay is a JS14P digital display time relay with an adjustable delay range of 0.1-999s and an accuracy error ≤ ±0.5%. It is connected in series in the control circuit between the controller and the intermediate relay, employing a power-on delay operating mode. When the controller detects through a voltage / frequency sensor that the power input voltage is lower than 85% of the rated value or the frequency deviates from 50Hz ±2%, it first sends a trigger signal to the time relay to initiate the delay timing, rather than directly driving the intermediate relay.

[0040] Furthermore, the controller applies a sliding window filter to the sensor data, with the window width set to 20 power frequency cycles. Only when an abnormal parameter persists for more than 80% of the window time is it considered a valid fault signal and the time relay is triggered. This dual mechanism of software filtering and hardware delay can filter short-duration transient disturbances, such as dips <200ms, avoiding false alarms. The time relay output contacts adopt a double-pole double-throw structure, with one path connected to the intermediate relay coil circuit and the other path fed back to the controller, forming a delay action confirmation. If the parameter returns to normal during the delay, the controller sends a reset signal; if the abnormality persists after the delay, the intermediate relay is driven to perform a switching operation. Its operating power supply shares a DC 24V module with the controller, featuring a ±15% voltage adaptability range and EMC filtering to ensure stable delay accuracy.

[0041] The advantage of this embodiment is that it accurately distinguishes between transient disturbances and persistent faults, avoids unnecessary switching, reduces the frequency of mechanical component operation, and improves the system's anti-interference capability in complex power grid environments.

[0042] Example 4:

[0043] To address the issue of insufficient flexibility in configuring the switching logic of automatic transfer switches, this preferred embodiment expands the interaction capabilities between the controller and an external programmable logic controller (PLC). The controller's back panel features an RS-485 communication interface and a USB Type-B interface for connecting an external PLC, such as a Siemens S7-200 SMART series, to the programmer. The PLC interacts with the controller in real-time via a communication cable, supporting customized switching logic, including setting primary / backup power priority modes, voltage anomaly thresholds, frequency anomaly thresholds, and delayed relay action times. This preferred embodiment, through standardized communication interfaces and dedicated programming tools, constructs a flexibly configurable control system, enabling the equipment to adapt to the differentiated needs of various scenarios such as medical facilities, data centers, and industrial production lines. This breaks the limitations of traditional fixed configurations and improves the adaptability of system integration and operational efficiency.

[0044] Example 5:

[0045] To address the lack of visualization of fault status in automatic switching devices, this embodiment adds an alarm relay and a fault alarm status indicator to the control circuit. The alarm relay is a small electromagnetic relay, with its coil terminals connected to the controller's digital output port and a DC 24V power supply, respectively. The contact circuit is connected in series with the fault alarm status indicator, which uses a red LED and is prominently displayed on the device panel. When the controller detects faults such as overcurrent, undervoltage, or abnormal power supply through sensors, it outputs a high-level signal to energize the alarm relay coil, closing its normally open contacts and illuminating the fault alarm status indicator. Simultaneously, an external buzzer or other audible device can be connected to achieve dual audible and visual alarm functionality.

[0046] Furthermore, the circuit of the fault alarm status indicator light is equipped with voltage divider resistors to ensure that the operating voltage matches the rated parameters of the LED. The indicator light housing is made of polycarbonate material with good light transmittance, and the surface is marked with a "Fault" warning label. The contact capacity of the alarm relay meets the load requirements of the indicator light and maintains electrical isolation from other components in the control circuit to avoid signal interference. The controller sets a priority queue for alarm signals, with different flashing frequencies corresponding to different fault types, such as high-frequency flashing for overcurrent faults and low-frequency flashing for undervoltage faults, facilitating quick identification of fault types by maintenance personnel. The alarm relay's action signal is also stored in the controller's fault log, supporting historical alarm information queries and providing data support.

[0047] The advantage of this embodiment is that, through the linkage design of alarm relays and status indicator lights, real-time visualization and differentiated warnings of fault status are achieved, improving the monitorability of equipment operation status, facilitating timely fault location by maintenance personnel, shortening fault handling time, and enhancing maintenance convenience.

[0048] Example 6:

[0049] To address the issues of communication efficiency and stability between the controller and sensors, this embodiment optimizes the controller's hardware architecture by integrating a CPU module and an input / output (I / O) module. The CPU module employs a 32-bit microprocessor with an 80MHz clock speed and a built-in high-speed ADC conversion unit, supporting multi-channel parallel data processing. The I / O module includes digital input, digital output, and analog input interfaces. The analog input channel is equipped with signal conditioning circuitry to adapt the output signals of the voltage / frequency sensor (0-5V or 4-20mA). The voltage / frequency sensor is connected to the I / O module via shielded twisted-pair cable. The analog signal, after filtering and amplification, is input to the ADC unit of the CPU module to achieve real-time acquisition of power parameters.

[0050] Furthermore, the input / output modules communicate with the CPU module via a high-speed bus, achieving a data transmission rate of 10Mbps to ensure delay-free signal interaction. The CPU module incorporates a real-time operating system and employs a task priority scheduling mechanism, prioritizing sensor data acquisition and fault diagnosis tasks to ensure the real-time performance of the control logic. The voltage / frequency sensor's sampling frequency is set to 100Hz, satisfying the Nyquist sampling theorem for power frequency signals (50Hz) to ensure data integrity. The input / output modules feature electrical isolation; each channel is optically or magnetically isolated from the CPU module, with an isolation voltage ≥2.5kV, effectively suppressing the impact of electromagnetic interference on signal acquisition.

[0051] The advantages of this embodiment are that the modular design of the controller enables efficient integration of signal acquisition, processing and control functions; the collaborative work of the CPU module and the input / output module improves data processing efficiency and communication stability; and electrical isolation and signal conditioning technologies enhance the system's anti-interference capability, providing a hardware foundation for accurate power status monitoring and reliable switching control.

[0052] Example 7:

[0053] To address the issues of limited operating modes and insufficient status monitoring in automatic transfer switches, this embodiment adds a selector switch and limit switches to optimize control and monitoring functions. The selector switch is a three-position rotary switch with "Automatic," "Manual," and "Stop" modes. It is installed on the device panel and connected to the controller's digital input port via wires to switch control modes: in "Automatic" mode, the controller automatically executes the switching logic based on sensor data; in "Manual" mode, the disconnector switch can be manually controlled via an operation button; and in "Stop" mode, all control functions are locked. The limit switches are micro-motion contact switches, installed next to the operating mechanisms of disconnectors Qa1 and Qb1 respectively. Their contact states are connected to the controller's input port via hardwires for real-time monitoring of the disconnector switch's open / closed position.

[0054] Furthermore, a mechanical interlock structure is incorporated into the selector switch's position switching to prevent simultaneous activation of "automatic" and "manual" modes, ensuring the uniqueness of the control mode. The installation position of the limit switch strictly corresponds to the contact state of the disconnector switch. When the disconnector switch is fully closed or open, the limit switch contacts actuate, sending a position signal to the controller. Upon receiving the limit switch signal, the controller updates the equipment status display and incorporates position verification into the control logic: if the limit switch fails to provide a position signal after manual operation, a fault alarm is triggered to prevent the disconnector switch from being in a partially closed / open state. Shielded cables are used for wiring the selector switch and limit switches to reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference on signal transmission and ensure the accuracy of operating commands and status feedback.

[0055] The advantages of this embodiment are that the setting of the selector switch and limit switch enables flexible switching between automatic and manual control modes and accurate monitoring of the isolation switch status. The mechanical interlock and status verification mechanism improves operational safety, avoids misoperation and misjudgment of status, and provides hardware support for reliable operation and convenient maintenance of the equipment.

[0056] Example 8:

[0057] To address the lack of overcurrent protection in the controller's power supply circuit, this embodiment connects a miniature circuit breaker (MCB) in parallel with the isolating switch to protect the control circuit. The miniature circuit breaker is a type C tripping product with a rated voltage of AC 230V and a rated current selectable from 1-16A. It is connected in parallel with the power input terminals of isolating switches Qa1 and Qb1 via copper wires, and its output terminal is connected to the controller's power module. This miniature circuit breaker has a breaking capacity ≥6kA (AC 230V) and features overload long-delay and short-circuit instantaneous tripping functions. When an overcurrent occurs in the controller's power supply circuit, such as 1.45 times the rated current for 1 hour or a short-circuit current ≥5In, the miniature circuit breaker automatically trips, cutting off the power supply to the control circuit and preventing overcurrent damage to the controller's internal components.

[0058] Furthermore, the miniature circuit breaker is installed close to the front end of the disconnecting switch, fixed to the equipment mounting plate via a DIN rail, maintaining an electrical clearance of no less than 15mm from the main circuit breaker. Its terminals employ anti-loosening screws to ensure reliable connections. The controller's power module input side is equipped with a surge protector (SPD), forming a multi-level protection system with the miniature circuit breaker: the surge protector suppresses transient overvoltages, while the miniature circuit breaker handles continuous overcurrents. Together, they enhance the control circuit's anti-interference capability and overcurrent protection level. The miniature circuit breaker's status is fed back to the controller via auxiliary contacts. When a tripping action occurs, the controller records the fault information and triggers an alarm, prompting maintenance personnel to check for abnormalities in the power supply circuit.

[0059] The advantage of this embodiment is that the miniature circuit breaker provides independent overcurrent protection for the controller power supply circuit, forming a hierarchical protection system with the main circuit protection device. This effectively prevents the control circuit from failing due to overcurrent faults, ensures the stable operation of the controller, and improves the reliability and safety of the entire system.

[0060] Example 9:

[0061] To address the issues of controller power supply stability and power status visualization, this embodiment adds an independent power supply module and status indicator lights. The power supply module is a DC 24V switching power supply with an input voltage of AC 85-265V and an output power of 30W. It features ±1% voltage regulation accuracy and overvoltage and overcurrent protection. It is connected to the power input terminal at the front end of the isolating switch via wires to power the controller MCU and related control components. The power supply module has a built-in EMC filtering circuit, meeting the GB / T 17626.5 electromagnetic compatibility standard, reducing interference from mains noise to the control circuit. The status indicator lights include a primary power indicator and a backup power indicator, both using LEDs. They are connected in parallel to the primary power input terminal Un and the backup power input terminal Ug, respectively. Power status signals are obtained through a resistor divider circuit and installed in corresponding positions on the device panel. The indicator lights are solid green when powered on and off when powered off.

[0062] Furthermore, the power module's output is equipped with a 1000μF / 35V energy storage capacitor to maintain short-term controller operation during momentary power interruptions, ensuring the integrity of the switching logic. The status indicator lights are housed in a colored, translucent material, with "Main Power Supply" and "Backup Power Supply" markings on the surface for easy identification by maintenance personnel. The controller monitors the power module's output voltage in real time. When an abnormal voltage is detected, such as below 20V or above 28V, an alarm mechanism is triggered to indicate a power module failure. The indicator light circuit is isolated from the main circuit and employs a low-power design, with each indicator light consuming ≤0.5W, ensuring long-term operational reliability.

[0063] The advantages of this embodiment are that the independent power module provides a stable power supply guarantee for the controller, the EMC filtering and energy storage design enhances the anti-interference capability and instantaneous power outage adaptability of the power supply system, and the status indicator light realizes the visual monitoring of the power status, improves the identifiability of the equipment's operating status, and provides an intuitive basis for operation and maintenance.

[0064] Example 10:

[0065] To address the issue of insufficient precision in load management of automatic transfer switches, this embodiment divides the output terminal into critical load terminals and general load terminals to achieve tiered power supply. The output busbar is split into two paths via copper busbars: one connects to the critical load terminal, and the other to the general load terminal. Each output path is equipped with a current sensor to monitor the current at each load terminal. The rated current of the critical load terminal is designed according to the requirements of critical equipment such as medical equipment and data servers, using dedicated wiring terminals marked with a "Critical Load" warning label. The general load terminal is used to connect non-critical equipment such as lighting and ventilation systems, with larger spacing between the wiring terminals for easy connection of multiple strands of wire. The controller incorporates load priority control logic. When the backup power supply is activated, it prioritizes powering the critical load terminal. If the backup power supply capacity is insufficient, it automatically disconnects the circuit of the general load terminal to ensure the continuous operation of the critical load.

[0066] Furthermore, the branch circuit design between critical loads and general loads conforms to low-voltage switchgear standards, with an insulating partition between the two outputs, an electrical clearance ≥10mm, and a creepage distance ≥16mm. Current sensors transmit current signals from each load to the controller. When the backup power capacity is detected to be lower than the critical load requirement, the controller sends a tripping command to the general load circuit breaker, achieving graded load disconnection. The load-side terminals feature an anti-accidental contact design, with exposed conductive parts covered by insulating sheaths to enhance operational safety. The system supports configuring load priority parameters via a programmer, allowing users to adjust the rated capacity and disconnection strategy of critical loads according to actual needs.

[0067] The advantage of this embodiment is that the hierarchical design at the output end enables differentiated power supply for loads of different priorities, the load regulation logic of the controller ensures the power supply reliability of critical equipment, optimizes resource allocation in scenarios with limited power capacity, improves the system's load management capabilities and application flexibility, and meets the needs of hierarchical power supply protection in industrial, medical and other scenarios.

[0068] The beneficial effects of this utility model are specifically reflected in the fact that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. An automatic transfer switch based on an ATS power supply, comprising a mains power input terminal (Un), a backup power input terminal (Ug), and an output terminal, characterized in that: The common power input terminal (Un) is connected to the molded case circuit breaker (Qa2) via a disconnecting switch (Qa1) and then to the output terminal. The backup power input terminal (Ug) is connected to the molded case circuit breaker (Qb2) via a disconnecting switch (Qb1) and then to the output terminal. The disconnecting switches (Qa1) and (Qb1) are used for circuit isolation, and the molded case circuit breakers (Qa2) and (Qb2) provide overcurrent protection. The controller (MCU) integrates an ARM processor and monitors the parameters of the primary power input (Un) and backup power input (Ug) through voltage / frequency sensors; The controller (MCU) is connected to the time-delay relay group and the intermediate relay (Rel1) to control the opening and closing of the disconnecting switch (Qa1) and the disconnecting switch (Qb1); The controller (MCU) has a built-in software interlock module to prevent the disconnect switches (Qa1) and (Qb1) from closing simultaneously.

2. The automatic transfer switch based on ATS power supply as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a fuse-type isolator (Qc2), which is connected in parallel at the output terminals of the molded case circuit breaker (Qa2) and the molded case circuit breaker (Qb2) to enhance overcurrent protection.

3. The automatic transfer switch based on ATS power supply as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a time relay (Rel2) to delay switching after detecting a power abnormality, avoiding accidental triggering due to momentary disturbances.

4. The automatic transfer switch based on ATS power supply as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The controller (MCU) is externally connected to a programmable controller and a programmer for configuring switching logic and parameters.

5. The automatic transfer switch based on an ATS power supply as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an alarm relay (Rel3) and a fault alarm status indicator. The alarm relay (Rel3) is connected to the controller (MCU) and is used to trigger the fault alarm status indicator when a fault is detected.

6. The automatic transfer switch based on ATS power supply as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The controller (MCU) integrates a CPU module and an input / output module (I / O), and the voltage / frequency sensor communicates with the CPU module through the input / output module (I / O).

7. The automatic transfer switch based on ATS power supply as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a selector switch and a limit switch, the selector switch being used to switch between automatic and manual control modes, and the limit switch being used to monitor the open / closed status of the disconnector switch (Qa1) and the disconnector switch (Qb1).

8. The automatic transfer switch based on an ATS power supply as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The disconnecting switches (Qa1) and (Qb1) are connected in parallel with a miniature circuit breaker (MCB) to protect the power supply circuit of the controller (MCU).

9. The automatic transfer switch based on an ATS power supply as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a power module and indicator lights. The power module supplies power to the controller (MCU), and the indicator lights are used to display the on / off status of the main power input terminal (Un) and the backup power input terminal (Ug).

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