A root stub crushing and field returning machine for corn reduced tillage operation

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of corn stubble crushing and returning machine technology, and specifically discloses a corn stubble crushing and returning machine for reduced tillage operations. The blades are made of high-chromium cast iron with tungsten carbide inlay, and the blade body base material is high-chromium cast iron. The combination of the two makes the blades have excellent cutting performance, which can easily cut tough corn stubble, ensuring efficient and long-lasting cutting process, extending the service life of the blades. The serrated cutting increases the friction with the stubble and avoids slippage. The blades are arranged in a "double helix" on the cutter shaft, with an axial spacing of five centimeters between adjacent blades and a circumferential angle of sixty degrees, ensuring that the stubble is cut by six to eight blades in sequence after entering the crushing chamber. The cutter shaft adopts a "stepped variable diameter design". When the cutter shaft rotates for cutting, its rotation speed is controlled by the gearbox. By controlling different speeds, radial shearing force is generated to prevent the stubble from spinning freely in the chamber, thus effectively breaking the tendency of the stubble to spin freely in the chamber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of stubble return machine technology, and in particular to a stubble crushing and stubble return machine for corn with reduced tillage operations. Background Technology

[0002] Corn stubble crushers and return-to-field machines are of great significance in agricultural production, primarily used in fields after corn harvest to crush and return stubble to the field, improving soil structure, increasing soil fertility, and reducing subsequent tillage steps. Through cutting and crushing mechanisms, they process corn stubble into small pieces, allowing it to decompose quickly and integrate into the soil, facilitating efficient corn reduction tillage. Currently, corn stubble crushers and return-to-field machines typically require the following technologies in practical applications:

[0003] 1. High-strength and wear-resistant blade materials and design to meet the cutting needs of root cutting;

[0004] 2. A stable and efficient power transmission system ensures that power is stably transmitted to the cutting and crushing components;

[0005] 3. A well-designed crushing chamber structure ensures that the root stubble is thoroughly crushed within the chamber;

[0006] 4. A device with a certain ability to break through the soil, in order to handle root stubble that has penetrated deeply;

[0007] 5. Reliable protective devices prevent safety issues such as stubble splashing during operations.

[0008] Currently, various equipment and methods are used to achieve the function of stubble crushing and returning to the field in corn cultivation with reduced tillage. Some stubble returning machines use a traditional single-shaft rotating blade structure, which drives the blades to cut the stubble through the high-speed rotation of the blade shaft. Other equipment enhances the life and strength of the cutter by hardening the blade material or by selecting different materials to cast the blade.

[0009] However, the above-mentioned methods have a prominent problem: when faced with the special characteristics of the soil in the Northeast corn planting environment, the existing equipment is prone to slipping or getting stuck when cutting the stubble due to its large diameter (3 to 5 millimeters for the main root), which affects the crushing effect. In addition, some stubble roots are deeply embedded, remaining 10 to 15 centimeters below the soil surface. The existing equipment has high operating resistance during soil breaking and crushing, high power consumption, and increased failure rate, which can easily cause blade rolling and wear. The blades need to be replaced three to four times per season, increasing costs and operating time. It is difficult to meet the high-efficiency and high-quality requirements of stubble crushing and returning to the field in the Northeast corn reduced-tillage operation. Utility Model Content

[0010] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides a stubble crushing and returning machine for corn reduced-tillage operations. It solves the problem that existing equipment struggles in the unique soil conditions of Northeast China's corn-growing environment. Due to the large diameter of the stubble (3-5 mm for the main root), single-blade cutting is prone to slippage or jamming, affecting the crushing effect. Furthermore, some stubble roots are deeply embedded, remaining 10-15 cm below the soil surface. Existing equipment experiences high operating resistance during soil breaking and crushing, resulting in high power consumption, increased failure rate, and problems such as blade wear and tear. This necessitates replacing the blades three to four times per season, increasing costs and operating time, making it difficult to meet the high-efficiency and high-quality requirements for stubble crushing and returning in Northeast China's reduced-tillage corn farming operations.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0012] A corn stubble crushing and returning machine for reduced tillage operations includes a machine body with a cutter shaft rotatably connected inside the machine body. Two sets of blades are provided on the outer surface of the cutter shaft. Both sets of blades are used to crush corn stubble. Both sets of blades are made of high-chromium cast iron and tungsten carbide. Saw teeth are fixedly connected to the outer surface of both sets of blades.

[0013] Preferably, both sets of blades are beak-shaped.

[0014] Preferably, the two sets of blades are arranged in a double helix on the outer surface of the blade shaft.

[0015] Preferably, the blade has a stepped diameter design.

[0016] Preferably, a gearbox is fixedly connected to the upper end of the fertilization machine body, and the gearbox is used to control the rotational speed of the cutter shaft.

[0017] Preferably, a bearing housing is fixedly connected to one side of the fertilization machine body, and the cutter shaft is sleeved inside the bearing housing.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The blades are made of high-chromium cast iron with tungsten carbide inlay, and the blade body is also made of high-chromium cast iron. This combination gives the blades superior cutting performance, easily cutting through tough corn stubble, ensuring efficient and long-lasting cutting, and extending the blades' lifespan. The serrated edges increase friction with the stubble during cutting, preventing slippage. The blades are arranged in a double helix on the blade shaft, with an axial spacing of five centimeters between adjacent blades and a circumferential angle of sixty degrees. This ensures that the stubble is cut sequentially by six to eight blades after entering the crushing chamber. The blade shaft adopts a stepped variable diameter design, and its rotation speed is controlled by a gearbox during cutting. By controlling different speeds, radial shearing force is generated, preventing the stubble from spinning freely within the chamber. This effectively breaks the tendency for the stubble to spin freely within the chamber, so that the stubble is subjected to both cutting force and lateral shearing action, further crushing the stubble. This ensures that the stubble is fully crushed within the chamber, preventing some stubble from being discharged without being effectively crushed, and improving the overall crushing effect. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this utility model. In order to better understand the technical means of this utility model and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the cutter shaft connection of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the blade connection structure of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the sawtooth connection structure of this utility model.

[0025] Legend: 1. The main body of the reamer; 2. The cutter shaft 2; 3. The blade 3; 4. The saw teeth; 5. The gearbox; 6. The bearing box. Detailed Implementation

[0026] This application provides a stubble crushing and returning machine for corn reduced-tillage operations. It effectively solves the problem of existing equipment struggling with the unique characteristics of stubble in Northeast China's corn-growing environment, where soil properties result in large stubble diameters (3-5 mm for the main root). This makes single-blade cutting prone to slippage or jamming, affecting crushing efficiency. Furthermore, some stubble is deeply embedded, remaining 10-15 cm below the soil surface. Existing equipment experiences high resistance during breaking and crushing, leading to high power consumption, increased failure rates, and blade wear. This results in blade replacements three to four times per season, increasing costs and operating time, making it difficult to meet the high-efficiency, high-quality requirements for stubble crushing and returning in Northeast China's reduced-tillage corn operations. The new machine uses a high-chromium cast iron blade with tungsten carbide inlay, and the blade body is made of high-chromium cast iron. This combination gives the blade superior cutting performance, allowing for easy cutting. This cutting tool effectively breaks down tough corn stubble, ensuring a highly efficient and durable cutting process and extending the lifespan of the blades. The serrated design increases friction with the stubble during cutting, preventing slippage. The blades are arranged in a double-helix pattern on the cutting shaft, with an axial spacing of five centimeters between adjacent blades and a circumferential angle of sixty degrees. This ensures that the stubble is cut sequentially by six to eight blades once it enters the crushing chamber. Furthermore, the cutting shaft employs a stepped variable-diameter design. During cutting, the rotation speed is controlled by a gearbox. By controlling different rotation speeds, radial shearing force is generated, preventing the stubble from spinning freely within the chamber. This effectively breaks the tendency for the stubble to spin freely within the chamber, ensuring that the stubble is subjected to both cutting force and lateral shearing action, further crushing it. This ensures that the stubble is thoroughly crushed within the chamber, preventing some stubble from being discharged uncrushed and improving the overall crushing effect. Example

[0027] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the technical solution in this application embodiment effectively solves the problem of existing equipment encountering the unique characteristics of root stubble in the Northeast corn planting environment due to the soil properties. Because the root stubble diameter is large (3-5 mm), single-blade cutting is prone to slipping or jamming, affecting the crushing effect. Furthermore, some root stubble is deeply embedded, remaining 10-15 cm below the soil surface. Existing equipment experiences high operating resistance during soil breaking and crushing, resulting in high power consumption, increased failure rate, and problems such as blade rolling and wear. This necessitates replacing the blades three to four times per season, increasing costs. The technical problem of insufficient operating time for efficient and high-quality stubble crushing and returning to the field in corn reduced-tillage operations in Northeast China can be addressed by the following approach: A stubble crushing and returning machine for corn reduced-tillage operations includes a machine body 1. A cutter shaft 2 is rotatably connected inside the machine body 1. Two sets of blades 3 are mounted on the outer surface of the cutter shaft 2. Both sets of blades 3 are used for crushing corn stubble. Both sets of blades 3 are made of high-chromium cast iron and tungsten carbide. Saw teeth 4 are fixedly connected to the outer surface of both sets of blades 3. Both sets of blades 3 are beak-shaped. The outer surface of shaft 2 is arranged in a double helix pattern. Blade 3 features a stepped diameter design and is made of high-chromium cast iron with an inlaid tungsten carbide cutting edge. The blade body is also made of high-chromium cast iron. This combination gives blade 3 superior cutting performance, easily cutting through tough corn stubble, ensuring efficient and durable cutting, and extending the lifespan of blade 3. The serrations 4 increase friction with the stubble during cutting, preventing slippage. On the shaft 2, blade 3 is arranged in a double helix pattern, with an axial spacing of five centimeters between adjacent blades and a circumferential angle of sixty degrees, ensuring that the stubble is thoroughly cleaned after entering the crushing chamber. Eight blades 3 cut sequentially, and the cutter shaft 2 adopts a "stepped variable diameter design". When the cutter shaft 2 rotates to cut, its rotation speed is controlled by the gearbox 5. By controlling different speeds, radial shearing force is generated, which avoids the root stubble from spinning freely in the cavity. This effectively breaks the tendency of the root stubble to spin freely in the cavity, so that the root stubble is subjected to lateral shearing while being cut, further crushing the root stubble. This ensures that the root stubble is fully crushed in the cavity, avoiding the situation where some root stubble is discharged without being effectively crushed, thus improving the overall crushing effect.

[0028] The upper end of the stubble return machine body 1 is fixedly connected to a gearbox 5. The gearbox 5 is used to control the rotation speed of the cutter shaft 2. The stubble return machine body 1 for corn reduced tillage is pulled by a tractor. The power is transmitted to the cutter shaft 2 through the gearbox 5. The blades 3 on the cutter shaft 2 rotate at high speed and cut into the ground below the surface, cutting and crushing the corn stubble and some straw into fragments of a certain length. Then, the stubble is evenly spread on the ground through the guiding effect of the protective cover, so as to realize the return of stubble to the field to improve the soil and reduce the tillage process.

[0029] A bearing housing 6 is fixedly connected to one side of the main body 1 of the reamer, and the cutter shaft 2 is sleeved inside the bearing housing 6. The bearing housing 6 provides support for the rotation of the cutter shaft 2.

[0030] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this utility model provides a corn stubble crushing and returning machine for reduced tillage operations. The blades 3 are made of high-chromium cast iron with tungsten carbide inlay, and the blade body base is also high-chromium cast iron. This combination gives the blades 3 superior cutting performance, easily cutting through tough corn stubble, ensuring efficient and durable cutting, and extending the lifespan of the blades 3. The serrations 4 increase friction with the stubble during cutting, preventing slippage. The blades 3 are arranged in a "double helix" on the cutter shaft 2, with an axial spacing of five centimeters between adjacent blades and a circumferential angle of sixty degrees, ensuring that the stubble enters the crushing process effectively. After being crushed in the cavity, the rootstock is cut sequentially by six to eight blades 3. The cutter shaft 2 adopts a "stepped variable diameter design". When the cutter shaft 2 rotates to perform cutting work, its rotation speed is controlled by the gearbox 5. By controlling different speeds, radial shearing force is generated, which avoids the rootstock from spinning freely in the cavity with the blades. This effectively breaks the tendency of the rootstock to spin freely in the cavity with the blades, so that the rootstock is subjected to both cutting force and lateral shearing action, further crushing the rootstock. This ensures that the rootstock is fully crushed in the cavity, avoiding the situation where some rootstock is discharged without being effectively crushed, and improving the overall crushing effect.

[0031] Working principle:

[0032] The first step involves the corn stubble crusher 1, pulled by a tractor, with power transmitted via gearbox 5 to the cutter shaft 2. The blades 3 on the cutter shaft 2 rotate at high speed, cutting into the soil below the surface to shred and crush corn stubble and some straw into fragments of a certain length. The shreds are then evenly spread on the surface through a protective cover, achieving stubble return to the field to improve soil and reduce tillage steps. The crushing and even return of stubble and straw by the crusher 1 lays the core foundation for reduced tillage operations: the shredded residue covering the surface reduces soil disturbance resistance during reduced tillage and prevents large, uncrushed stubble from hindering the movement of the tillage implements. The stubble decomposes slowly in the relatively stable soil environment created by reduced tillage, which can not only conserve soil moisture and suppress weeds, but also continuously replenish organic matter, solving the problem of insufficient soil fertility that may be caused by reduced tillage due to fewer tillage times. The two work together to achieve a win-win situation of "reducing tillage intensity" and "improving soil quality", which is a key combination of conservation tillage system. The mudguard in the main body 1 of the stubble return machine mainly plays the role of blocking the mud, stubble and stones splashed during operation, preventing them from hitting the tractor or operators, while preventing excessive mud from adhering to machine parts, reducing the risk of entanglement and blockage, adapting to different terrains to maintain operational stability, and ensuring a clean and safe working environment.

[0033] The second step involves using a composite process of high-chromium cast iron (Cr15) and tungsten carbide (WC) inlay on the blade edge. The base material of the blade body is high-chromium cast iron (hardness HRC58-62), and WC particles (hardness HV1800) are inlaid within a two-centimeter range of the blade edge. Blade 3 is shaped like an eagle's beak (sharp front end and wide rear end), with a 30-degree tip angle (concentrating stress and piercing the root stubble surface) and a 5-centimeter width at the rear end (expanding the cutting area). Blade 4 has a serrated texture (1 mm deep and 3 mm spaced) to increase friction with the root stubble during cutting and prevent slippage (especially for frozen root stubble). On the blade shaft 2, blade 3 is arranged in a double helix pattern (left-handed and right-handed), with an axial spacing of 5 cm between adjacent blades 3 and a circumferential angle of 60 degrees, ensuring that the root stubble is cut sequentially by six to eight blades 3 after entering the crushing chamber (traditional single-row blades only cut two to three times). Furthermore, the blade shaft 2 adopts a stepped variable diameter design. (The middle section has a diameter of eight centimeters, and both ends have a diameter of six centimeters.) When the cutter shaft 2 rotates to perform cutting work, its rotation speed is controlled by the gearbox 5. (The core principle of the gearbox 5 controlling the rotation speed of the cutter shaft 2 is to adjust the speed by changing the gear meshing combination in the power transmission process. The gearbox 5 has multiple sets of gears with different numbers of teeth. When the shifting mechanism is operated to make the gears with different numbers of teeth mesh, the power is transmitted from the input shaft to the output shaft. The transmission ratio of the output shaft to the cutter shaft 2 changes accordingly. Through this switching of gear transmission ratio, the gearbox 5 can adjust the speed of the cutter shaft 2 in real time according to the hardness of the stubble, soil conditions, etc., to ensure that the returning machine can operate efficiently while avoiding overload damage.) By controlling different speeds (the middle section blade 3 rotates at 300 revolutions per minute, and both ends rotate at 250 revolutions per minute), radial shearing force is generated to prevent the stubble from spinning freely in the cavity. The bearing box 6 provides support for the rotation of the cutter shaft 2.

[0034] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A corn less tillage operation root stubble crushing and returning machine, comprising a returning machine body (1), a cutter shaft (2) is rotatably connected inside the returning machine body (1), two groups of cutters (3) are arranged on the outer surface of the cutter shaft (2), and the two groups of cutters (3) are used for crushing operation of corn root stubble, characterized in that, Both sets of blades (3) are made of high-chromium cast iron and tungsten carbide, and both sets of blades (3) have serrations (4) fixedly connected to their outer surfaces.

2. The root stub pulverizing and field returning machine for less tillage operation of corn according to claim 1, wherein Both sets of blades (3) are beak-shaped.

3. The corn stubble crushing and returning machine for reduced tillage operations as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The two sets of blades (3) are arranged in a double helix on the outer surface of the blade shaft (2).

4. A corn stubble crushing and returning machine for reduced tillage operations as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The blade (3) has a stepped diameter design.

5. A corn stubble crushing and returning machine for reduced tillage operations as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end of the reamer body (1) is fixedly connected to a gearbox (5); The gearbox (5) is used to control the rotational speed of the cutter shaft (2).

6. A corn stubble crushing and returning machine for reduced tillage operations as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A bearing box (6) is fixedly connected to one side of the reamer body (1). The cutter shaft (2) is sleeved inside the bearing housing (6).

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