A five-axis grinding and milling machine

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of CNC machine tool technology and discloses a five-axis milling machine, including a Y-axis base, a Y-axis slide on the Y-axis base, a Y-axis slide rail on the Y-axis base, a C-axis motion assembly on the Y-axis slide, a C-axis worktable on the C-axis motion assembly, an X-axis support on the Y-axis base, an X-axis slide on the X-axis support, an X-axis slide rail on the X-axis support, a Z-axis slide on the X-axis slide, a Z-axis slide rail on the X-axis slide, an A-axis motion assembly and a spindle on the Z-axis slide, and the spindle is rotatably mounted on the A-axis motion assembly. A counterweight cylinder is connected to the X-axis slide, and the counterweight cylinder is connected to the Z-axis slide via a counterweight support. Both the X-axis slide and the Z-axis slide are hollow brackets, and their inner cavities are fixedly connected with ribs. This utility model reduces resonance, improves machining accuracy, optimizes thermal management technology, and reduces the impact of thermal deformation on accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of CNC machine tool technology, specifically a five-axis milling machine. Background Technology

[0002] As the core load-bearing structure of a five-axis milling machine, the machine tool bed directly determines the overall rigidity, dynamic stability, and machining accuracy of the equipment. With the development of five-axis machining towards high speed, high precision, and multi-tasking, traditional base designs face higher demands. Five-axis machine tools are mostly made of cast iron, relying on the material's high damping characteristics to absorb vibration, but this results in heavy weight, insufficient dynamic response, and difficulty in adapting to high-speed cutting scenarios.

[0003] Since the beginning of the 21st century, lightweight and high-rigidity synergistic design has become a mainstream trend. Through topology optimization, finite element analysis (FEA), and multi-objective optimization algorithms, machine tool bed structures are gradually transforming from single box-like structures to ribbed meshing and biomimetic topology, reducing mass while ensuring load-bearing capacity. For example, rib layout optimization based on parametric models can reduce the weight of machine tool beds by 15%-20% and increase modal frequencies by more than 10%. In addition, materials technology is driving the performance upgrade of the base; for example, polymer concrete (mineral castings), due to its low coefficient of thermal expansion and high damping characteristics, is gradually replacing some cast iron parts, especially suitable for high-precision machining scenarios with stringent temperature control.

[0004] Current challenges focus on improving vibration resistance under dynamic loads and controlling thermo-mechanical coupling deformation. On the one hand, the complex excitation forces generated by multi-axis linkage machining can easily cause resonance in the machine tool bed, requiring optimization of dynamic characteristics by combining active vibration reduction technology. On the other hand, heat sources such as motors and spindles cause local temperature rise in the machine tool bed, requiring thermal balance to be achieved through thermo-symmetrical design or the embedding of liquid cooling channels.

[0005] To address the above issues, this design primarily resolves the problems of improving the vibration resistance and thermo-mechanical coupling deformation of the machine tool bed under dynamic loads, thereby enhancing the machining accuracy and ensuring stability and reliability of the machine tool. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a five-axis milling machine that reduces resonance, improves machining accuracy, optimizes thermal management technology, and reduces the impact of thermal deformation on accuracy.

[0007] This utility model is implemented as follows:

[0008] A five-axis milling machine includes a Y-axis base, a Y-axis slide mounted on the Y-axis base, the Y-axis slide being slidably mounted on the Y-axis base via a Y-axis slide rail, a C-axis motion assembly mounted on the Y-axis slide, a C-axis worktable being rotated by the C-axis motion assembly, an inverted "U"-shaped X-axis support mounted on the Y-axis support, an X-axis slide mounted on the X-axis support via an X-axis slide rail, a Z-axis slide mounted on the X-axis slide via a Z-axis slide rail, an A-axis motion assembly and a motion spindle for providing grinding function mounted on the Z-axis slide, the motion spindle being rotatably mounted on the A-axis motion assembly and rotated by the A-axis motion assembly.

[0009] The X-axis slide is connected to counterweight cylinders on both sides. The extended end of the counterweight cylinder extends vertically and is connected to the Z-axis slide through a counterweight bracket. Both the X-axis slide and the Z-axis slide are hollow brackets, and the inner cavities of both the X-axis slide and the Z-axis slide are fixedly connected with ribs for support.

[0010] Furthermore, the X-axis slide, Z-axis slide and corresponding ribs are all provided with weight reduction holes, and the counterweight bracket is provided with weight reduction holes in the middle.

[0011] Furthermore, the X-axis bracket spans both sides of the Y-axis slide rail in a straddle-type structure and is fixedly connected to the Y-axis base by fastening screws.

[0012] Furthermore, accordion covers are provided on both sides of the Y-axis slide plate. The accordion covers are movably positioned above the Y-axis slide rail. One end of each accordion cover is connected to the Y-axis slide plate, and the other end of the accordion cover is connected to the Y-axis base.

[0013] Furthermore, the accordion cover is slidably mounted on the Y-axis base via a chip baffle.

[0014] Furthermore, the Y-axis base has two chip collection grooves, which are respectively located on two opposite sides of the Y-axis slide rail.

[0015] Furthermore, the chip collection groove is provided with a chip guide ramp on the side near the Y-axis slide rail to guide the chips into the chip collection groove.

[0016] Furthermore, the bottom cross-section of the chip collection groove is arc-shaped.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0018] 1. Enables multi-face machining in a single setup, improving machining efficiency and surface quality;

[0019] 2. Reduced resonance and improved machining accuracy;

[0020] 3. The structural design facilitates heat dissipation, minimizes the impact of thermal deformation, and ensures stable motion accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The front view;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the X-axis slide of this utility model from one perspective;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the X-axis slide of this utility model from another perspective;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the Z-axis slide of this utility model from one perspective;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of the Z-axis slide of this utility model from another perspective;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the Y-axis base and accordion cover of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the X-axis support structure of this utility model.

[0030] Reference numerals: 1. Y-axis base; 2. Y-axis slide; 3. Y-axis slide rail; 4. C-axis motion assembly; 5. C-axis worktable; 6. X-axis support; 7. X-axis slide; 8. Z-axis slide; 9. Z-axis slide rail; 10. A-axis motion assembly; 11. Motion spindle; 12. Counterweight cylinder; 13. Counterweight support; 14. Ribs; 15. Weight reduction hole; 16. Bellows cover; 17. Chip baffle; 18. Chip collection groove; 19. Chip guide ramp; 20. X-axis slide rail. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this utility model provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed utility model, but merely represents selected embodiments of this utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0032] Please see Figures 1 to 6 A five-axis milling machine includes a Y-axis base 1, a Y-axis slide 2 mounted on the Y-axis base 1, the Y-axis slide 2 being slidably mounted on the Y-axis base 1 via a Y-axis slide rail 3, a C-axis motion assembly 4 mounted on the Y-axis slide 2, a C-axis worktable 5 being mounted on the C-axis motion assembly 4 and driven to rotate by the C-axis motion assembly 4, an inverted "U"-shaped X-axis support 6 mounted on the Y-axis base 1, an X-axis slide 7 mounted on the X-axis support 6 and slidably mounted on the X-axis support 6 via an X-axis slide rail 20, a Z-axis slide 8 mounted on the X-axis slide 7 and slidably mounted on the X-axis slide 7 via a Z-axis slide rail 9, an A-axis motion assembly 10 mounted on the Z-axis slide 8 and a motion spindle 11 for providing grinding function, the motion spindle 11 being rotatably mounted on the A-axis motion assembly 10 and driven to rotate by the A-axis motion assembly 10;

[0033] The X-axis slide 7 is connected to counterweight cylinders 12 on both sides. The extended end of the counterweight cylinder 12 extends vertically and is connected to the Z-axis slide 8 through a counterweight bracket 13. Both the X-axis slide 7 and the Z-axis slide 8 are hollow brackets. The inner cavities of both the X-axis slide 7 and the Z-axis slide 8 are fixedly connected to ribs 14 for support.

[0034] Please see Figures 3 to 6 The X-axis slide 7, Z-axis slide 8 and corresponding ribs 14 are all provided with weight reduction holes 15, and the counterweight bracket 13 is provided with weight reduction holes 15 in the middle.

[0035] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 8 The X-axis bracket 6 spans both sides of the Y-axis slide rail 3 in a straddle-type structure and is fixedly connected to the Y-axis base 1 by fastening screws.

[0036] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 7 The Y-axis slide plate 2 is provided with accordion covers 16 on both sides. The accordion covers 16 are movably mounted above the Y-axis slide rail 3. One end of any one of the accordion covers 16 is connected to the Y-axis slide plate 2, and the other end of the accordion cover 16 is connected to the Y-axis base 1.

[0037] Please see Figure 7 The accordion cover 16 is slidably mounted on the Y-axis base 1 via the chip baffle 17.

[0038] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The Y-axis base 1 has two chip collection grooves 18, which are respectively located on opposite sides of the Y-axis slide rail 3.

[0039] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The chip collection groove 18 is provided with a chip guide ramp 19 on the side near the Y-axis slide rail 3 for guiding chips into the chip collection groove 18.

[0040] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The bottom cross-section of the chip collection groove 18 is arc-shaped.

[0041] In practical applications, the control computer and electrical control box are located on the side of the Y-axis base 1 and provide the necessary electrical control functions for the entire milling machine. The Y-axis slide rail 3, X-axis slide rail 20 and Z-axis slide rail 9 are all equipped with distance measuring sensors for real-time distance measurement. The distance measuring sensors are preferably grating rulers. The distance measuring sensors are all connected to the electrical control box through communication circuits and establish a communication connection with the control computer.

[0042] Please see Figures 1 to 8 The Y-axis base 1 is equipped with a Y-axis power motor for driving the Y-axis slide 2 to reciprocate along the Y-axis under the guidance of the Y-axis slide rail 3;

[0043] While the C-axis motion assembly 4 reciprocates along the Y-axis slide 2, the C-axis power motor mounted on the C-axis motion assembly 4 drives the C-axis worktable 5 to rotate.

[0044] While the Y-axis slide 2 reciprocates along the Y-axis, it stretches or compresses the bellows covers 16 on both sides. The bellows covers 16 are slidably mounted on the Y-axis base 1 via chip baffles 17. Under the guidance of the chip baffles 17, the bellows covers 16 reciprocate stably. The cavity enclosed by the bellows covers 16 and the chip baffles 17 blocks the grinding debris, preventing debris from entering the cavity and affecting the stable and smooth sliding of the Y-axis slide 2, ensuring stable operation of the equipment and effectively reducing maintenance costs.

[0045] The chip collection grooves 18 set on the two Y-axis slide rails 3 that are far apart from each other are used to collect the chips generated during grinding. The chips generated during grinding enter the chip collection grooves 18 under the guidance of the chip guide ramp 19. The bottom cross section of the chip collection grooves 18 is arc-shaped, which makes it easy to clean the chips collected in the chip collection grooves 18 and avoids the existence of cleaning dead corners.

[0046] The inverted "U"-shaped X-axis bracket 6 spans both sides of the Y-axis slide rail 3 in a straddle-type structure and is fixedly connected to the Y-axis base 1 by fastening screws. The inverted "U"-shaped X-axis bracket 6 is integrally formed, and the rigidity between the column and the crossbeam reduces machining and assembly errors, effectively improving production efficiency. The X-axis bracket 6 is connected to an X-axis power motor for driving the X-axis slide plate 7 to perform X-axis reciprocating motion under the guidance of the X-axis slide rail 20.

[0047] The X-axis slide 7 is internally connected to a Z-axis power cylinder for driving the Z-axis slide 8 to reciprocate along the Z-axis under the guidance of the Z-axis slide rail 9. Two symmetrically arranged counterweight cylinders 12 balance the Z-axis slide 8, which are used to counteract the offset torque generated by the weight of the Z-axis slide 8, reduce resonance, and ensure the stability of the Z-axis slide 8 in the Z-axis direction.

[0048] While the A-axis motion assembly 10 reciprocates along the Z-axis slide plate 8, the A-axis power motor mounted on the A-axis motion assembly 10 provides power to drive the motion spindle 11 to rotate, and the motion spindle 11 provides the grinding function.

[0049] Both the X-axis slide 7 and the Z-axis slide 8 are hollow brackets. The inner cavities of the X-axis slide 7 and the Z-axis slide 8 are supported by welded ribs 14. Weight reduction holes 15 are provided on the X-axis slide 7, the Z-axis slide 8, and the corresponding ribs 14. Weight reduction holes 15 are also provided on the counterweight bracket 13. By hollowing out the middle of the X-axis slide 7 and the Z-axis slide 8 and using ribs 14 for connection and support, the weight of the X-axis slide 7 and the Z-axis slide 8 can be reduced without affecting the X-axis slide 7. The rigidity and strength of the Z-axis slide 8 are beneficial for heat dissipation, effectively reducing the impact of thermal deformation. Weight-reduction holes 15 are opened around the X-axis slide 7 and Z-axis slide 8 and in the middle of the ribs 14, as well as on the counterweight bracket 13. This further reduces the weight of the X-axis slide 7, Z-axis slide 8, and counterweight bracket 13 without affecting their rigidity and strength, and further increases the heat dissipation area, further reducing the impact of thermal deformation. This invention reduces resonance, improves machining accuracy, optimizes thermal management technology, and reduces the impact of thermal deformation on accuracy.

[0050] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A five-axis milling machine, characterized in that: The system includes a Y-axis base (1), on which a Y-axis slide (2) is mounted. The Y-axis slide (2) is slidably mounted on the Y-axis base (1) via a Y-axis slide rail (3). The Y-axis slide (2) is equipped with a C-axis motion assembly (4). The C-axis motion assembly (4) is equipped with a C-axis worktable (5) that needs to be rotated by the C-axis motion assembly (4). The Y-axis base (1) is also equipped with an inverted "U"-shaped X-axis bracket (6). The X-axis bracket (6) is equipped with an X-axis slide (7). The X-axis slide plate (7) is slidably mounted on the X-axis bracket (6) via the X-axis slide rail (20). The X-axis slide plate (7) is provided with a Z-axis slide plate (8). The Z-axis slide plate (8) is slidably mounted on the X-axis slide plate (7) via the Z-axis slide rail (9). The Z-axis slide plate (8) is provided with an A-axis motion assembly (10) and a motion spindle (11) for providing grinding function. The motion spindle (11) is rotatably mounted on the A-axis motion assembly (10) and is driven to rotate by the A-axis motion assembly (10). The X-axis slide (7) is connected to counterweight cylinders (12) on both sides. The extended end of the counterweight cylinder (12) extends vertically and is connected to the Z-axis slide (8) through a counterweight bracket (13). Both the X-axis slide (7) and the Z-axis slide (8) are hollow brackets. The inner cavities of both the X-axis slide (7) and the Z-axis slide (8) are fixedly connected to ribs (14) for support.

2. A five-axis milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The X-axis slide (7), Z-axis slide (8) and corresponding ribs (14) are all provided with weight reduction holes (15), and the counterweight bracket (13) is provided with weight reduction holes (15).

3. A five-axis milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The X-axis bracket (6) straddles both sides of the Y-axis slide rail (3) in a straddle configuration and is fixedly connected to the Y-axis base (1) by fastening screws.

4. A five-axis milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Y-axis slide (2) is provided with accordion covers (16) on both sides. The accordion covers (16) are movably positioned above the Y-axis slide rail (3). One end of any one of the accordion covers (16) is connected to the Y-axis slide (2), and the other end of the accordion cover (16) is connected to the Y-axis base (1).

5. A five-axis milling machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The accordion cover (16) is slidably mounted on the Y-axis base (1) via a chip baffle (17).

6. A five-axis milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Y-axis base (1) has two chip collection grooves (18), which are respectively located on opposite sides of the Y-axis slide rail (3).

7. A five-axis milling machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The chip collection groove (18) is provided with a chip guide ramp (19) on the side near the Y-axis slide rail (3) for guiding chips into the chip collection groove (18).

8. A five-axis milling machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bottom cross section of the chip collection groove (18) is arc-shaped.

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