Movable and liftable multifunctional large-diameter pipeline safety operating trolley

Abstract

This utility model discloses a mobile, liftable, multi-functional safety operating trolley for large-diameter pipelines, relating to the field of safety operation technology. Specifically, it is a mobile, liftable, multi-functional safety operating trolley for large-diameter pipelines, including a vehicle frame. Inside the vehicle frame is an operating platform that can slide up and down. The operating platform has a fully penetrating operating window at its center, and its upper surface is surrounded by guardrails. A lifting pulley is installed on the inner wall of one side of the vehicle frame, and a chain is wound around the outer surface of the lifting pulley. One end of the chain is fixed to the guardrail of the operating platform. The lifting pulley can drive the operating platform to freely rise and fall according to the pipeline diameter via the chain. Anti-fall devices are installed between the two sides of the operating platform and the inner wall of the vehicle frame to prevent the operating platform from falling. A moving device is installed on the lower surface of the vehicle frame, and a safety ladder is installed on the outside of the vehicle frame. The trolley can flexibly change the required working position while ensuring the personal safety of construction personnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of safe operation technology, specifically a mobile and liftable multi-functional large-diameter pipeline safety operation trolley. Background Technology

[0002] Pipeline safety operating trolleys are specialized equipment used for the installation and maintenance of large-diameter pipelines. During pipeline installation, the trolley serves as a platform, facilitating the installation, repair, and replacement of pipelines by construction personnel. Most trolleys are divided into mobile and fixed types. Fixed operating platform trolleys are immobile, lack flexibility, and are prone to resource waste, as they can only complete a single process. Although mobile operating platform trolleys are more flexible than fixed ones, their fixed design prevents them from freely raising and lowering relative to the pipeline diameter, and their poor stability poses significant safety risks, requiring protection for construction personnel during operation. Therefore, we have proposed a mobile, liftable, multi-functional large-diameter pipeline safety operating trolley. Utility Model Content

[0003] This utility model provides a mobile, liftable, multi-functional safety operating trolley for large-diameter pipelines, which solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a mobile, liftable, multi-functional large-diameter pipeline safety operating trolley, characterized in that: it includes a vehicle frame, within which is an operating platform that can slide up and down; the operating platform has a fully penetrating operating window at its center, and its upper surface is surrounded by guardrails; a lifting pulley is provided on the inner wall of one side of the vehicle frame, and a chain is wound around the outer surface of the lifting pulley; one end of the chain is fixed to the guardrail of the operating platform; the lifting pulley can drive the operating platform to freely rise and fall according to the pipeline diameter via the chain; anti-fall devices are provided between the two sides of the operating platform and the inner wall of the vehicle frame to prevent the operating platform from falling; a moving device is installed on the lower surface of the vehicle frame to move the safety operating trolley; and a safety ladder is installed on the outside of the vehicle frame to allow workers to access the upper surface of the operating platform.

[0005] Preferably, the anti-fall device includes a connecting component, a sliding component, a pushing component, and a fixing component;

[0006] The connecting component has a longitudinal groove on one side near the sliding component, allowing it to slide up and down along the groove. The sliding component slides up and down on the outer surface of the vehicle frame. A pulley is provided on the other side of the sliding component, allowing it to fit against the outer surface of the vehicle frame and rotate. The pulley has a self-locking structure, which locks the pulley against the sliding component in place by the centrifugal force generated when the sliding component slides downward. The pushing component is installed at the lower end of the longitudinal groove and is connected to the fixed component. The fixed component is hinged in the longitudinal groove and can open and close. When the connecting component slides down along the longitudinal groove, it drives the fixed component to close via the pushing component. At this time, the fixed component gradually approaches and fits against the outer surface of the vehicle frame.

[0007] Preferably, the connecting component includes a lower connecting block and an upper connecting block;

[0008] The side of the lower connecting block is mounted on the side of the operating platform, the lower end of the upper connecting block is mounted on the upper surface of the lower connecting block, and the upper end of the upper connecting block is provided with a collar, which is located in a longitudinal groove and can slide up and down.

[0009] Preferably, the sliding assembly includes a baffle, a sliding column, a fixed column, and a pulley;

[0010] One end of the sliding column is fixed to the inner wall of the longitudinal groove, and the other end is fixed to the inner wall of the lower longitudinal groove. The collar of the upper connecting block is sleeved on the outer surface of the sliding column and can slide up and down on the outer surface. The end of the pulley is rotatably connected to the baffle. The pulley is divided into an outer wheel and an inner wheel, and the outer wheel and the inner wheel are concentric and can rotate against the outer wall of the vehicle frame.

[0011] The self-locking structure consists of a self-locking block and a fixing post. The fixing post is located between the inner wheel and the outer wheel, and the end of the fixing post is fixed to the surface. The inner wheel has a notch, and the self-locking block is hinged at the notch. The self-locking block can rotate and open to fit against the inner surface of the outer wheel. When the sliding component slides downward, the opening of the self-locking block rotates toward the fixing post, at which time the inner surface of the self-locking block contacts the fixing post.

[0012] Preferably, the pushing assembly includes a spring, a first slider, a push rod, and a second slider;

[0013] The spring is sleeved on the outer surface of the slide column, and its lower end is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the first slider. The lower surface of the first slider is hinged to one end of the push rod, and the other end of the push rod is hinged to the second slider. The second slider can slide in the longitudinal groove, and a fully penetrating slot is provided on the second slider.

[0014] Preferably, the fixing component includes a rotating shaft and a clamp;

[0015] One end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the upper inner wall of the longitudinal groove, and the other end is located in the slot and has a locking pin. The diameter of the locking pin is smaller than the size of the slot, and the locking pin can slide in the slot. One end of the caliper is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating shaft. When the locking pin slides, it can drive the rotating shaft to drive the caliper to perform opening and closing movements.

[0016] Preferably, the moving device includes a wheel plate and wheels;

[0017] The upper surface of the wheel plate is fixedly installed at the bottom of the vehicle frame, and the wheel is rotatably connected to the lower surface of the wheel plate.

[0018] Preferably, the top of the safety ladder corresponds to the top of the vehicle frame, and the bottom of the safety ladder corresponds to the bottom of the vehicle frame.

[0019] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. This mobile, liftable, multi-functional large-diameter pipeline safety operating trolley connects the chain to the operating platform via pulleys. By pulling the chain, the operating platform can be freely raised and lowered according to the pipeline diameter, making it convenient for construction personnel to work on the pipeline and improving its versatility.

[0021] 2. This mobile, liftable, multi-functional large-diameter pipeline safety operating trolley, through its anti-fall device, can promptly slow down and stop the descent of the operating platform in the event of a sudden fall, thereby protecting construction personnel and improving safety. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-fall device of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting component of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sliding component of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the self-locking structure of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the driving component of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing component of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the slot and the post of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mobile device of this utility model.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Vehicle frame; 2. Operating platform; 3. Lifting pulley; 4. Chain; 5. Anti-fall device; 51. Connecting assembly; 511. Lower connecting block; 512. Upper connecting block; 52. Sliding assembly; 521. Baffle; 522. Sliding column; 523. Fixed column; 524. Pulley; 53. Pushing assembly; 531. Spring; 532. First slider; 533. Push rod; 534. Second slider; 54. Fixed assembly; 541. Rotating shaft; 542. Caliper; 6. Moving device; 61. Wheel plate; 62. Wheel; 7. Safety ladder. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0033] Please see Figure 1 A mobile, liftable, multi-functional large-diameter pipeline safety operating trolley is characterized by: a vehicle frame 1, within which is an operating platform 2 capable of sliding up and down. The operating platform 2 has a fully penetrating operating window at its center, and its upper surface is surrounded by guardrails. A lifting pulley 3 is located on the inner wall of one side of the vehicle frame 1. A chain 4 is wound around the outer surface of the lifting pulley 3. One end of the chain 4 is fixed to the guardrail of the operating platform 2, and the other end hangs down, with its end connectable to a traction device. The traction chain 4 transmits traction force to the operating platform 2 through the lifting pulley 3. The lifting pulley 3 can be driven by the chain 4 to operate the platform. Platform 2 can be freely raised and lowered according to the pipe diameter. The two sides of the operating platform 2 are equipped with anti-fall devices 5 between them and the inner wall of the vehicle frame 1 to prevent the operating platform 2 from falling. When the traction force on the operating platform 2 disappears, the operating platform 2 will fall under the action of gravity. At this time, the anti-fall device 5 will lock with the vehicle frame 1 under the action of the rapid falling force and its own inertia to prevent the operating platform 2 from falling. The lower surface of the vehicle frame 1 is equipped with a moving device 6 that can move the safety operating trolley. The outside of the vehicle frame 1 is equipped with a safety ladder 7 that allows workers to enter the upper surface of the operating platform 2.

[0034] Please see Figure 2The anti-fall device 5 includes a connecting component 51, a sliding component 52, a pushing component 53, and a fixing component 54. The connecting component 51 has a longitudinal groove on the side near the sliding component 52, and the connecting component 51 can slide up and down along the longitudinal groove. The sliding component 52 can slide up and down on the outer surface of the vehicle frame 1. A pulley 524 is provided on the other side surface of the sliding component 52. The pulley 524 can be attached to the outer surface of the vehicle frame 1 and rotate. The pulley 524 has a self-locking structure. The centrifugal force generated by the downward sliding of the sliding component 52 can lock the pulley 524 relative to the sliding component 52. The pushing component 53 is installed at the lower end of the longitudinal groove. The pushing component 53 is connected to the fixing component 54. The fixing component 54 is hinged in the longitudinal groove and can open and close. When the connecting component 51 slides down along the longitudinal groove, it drives the fixing component 54 to close through the pushing component 53. At this time, the fixing component 54 gradually approaches and attaches to the outer surface of the vehicle frame 1.

[0035] Please see Figure 3 The connecting component 51 includes a lower connecting block 511 and an upper connecting block 512. The side of the lower connecting block 511 is mounted on the side of the operating platform 2. The lower end of the upper connecting block 512 is mounted on the upper surface of the lower connecting block 511. The upper end of the upper connecting block 512 is provided with a collar. The collar is located in a longitudinal groove and can slide up and down. When the operating platform 2 is pulled, since the collar is connected to the operating platform 2, the longitudinal groove restricts the movement direction of the operating platform 2 during its upward movement.

[0036] Please see Figures 4 to 5 The sliding assembly 52 includes a baffle 521, a sliding column 522, a fixed column 523, and a pulley 524. One end of the sliding column 522 is fixed to the inner wall of the longitudinal groove, and the other end is fixed to the inner wall of the lower longitudinal groove. The collar of the upper connecting block 512 is sleeved on the outer surface of the sliding column 522 and can slide up and down on the outer surface. The end of the pulley 524 is rotatably connected to the baffle 521. The pulley 524 is divided into an outer wheel and an inner wheel, and the outer wheel and the inner wheel are integral and concentric and can rotate against the outer wall of the vehicle frame 1.

[0037] The self-locking structure consists of a self-locking block and a fixing post 523. The fixing post 523 is positioned between the inner and outer wheels, with its end fixed to the surface of 521. The inner wheel has a notch, at which the self-locking block is hinged. The self-locking block can rotate and open to fit against the inner surface of the outer wheel. The self-locking block is arc-shaped and can be retracted into the notch. When the pulley 524 rotates slowly, and a torsion spring is provided at the hinge of the self-locking block, the self-locking block will not be thrown out from the notch under the action of the torsion spring and will not contact the fixing post 523. When the pulley 524 slides freely up and down, the opening of the self-locking block rotates toward the fixed post 523 when the sliding assembly 52 slides down. At this time, the inner surface of the self-locking block contacts the fixed post 523. Since the fixed post 523 is fixed on the baffle 521, it does not rotate with the pulley 524. The inner wheel and the outer wheel are integrated and rotate synchronously. When the self-locking block on the inner wheel rotates, the fixed post 523 contacts and locks the inner wheel and the self-locking block. Both the inner wheel and the outer wheel stop rotating. At this time, the sliding assembly 52 as a whole stops sliding down.

[0038] Please see Figure 6 The pushing assembly 53 includes a spring 531, a first slider 532, a push rod 533, and a second slider 534. The spring 531 is sleeved on the outer surface of the sliding column 522, and its lower end is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the first slider 532. The lower surface of the first slider 532 is hinged to one end of the push rod 533, and the other end of the push rod 533 is hinged to the second slider 534. The second slider 534 can slide within a longitudinal groove, and a fully penetrating slot is provided on the second slider 534. When the platform 2, carrying the lower connecting block 511 and the upper connecting block 512, falls down along the longitudinal groove, the collar of the upper connecting block 512 compresses the spring 531 and accumulates elastic potential energy, causing the first slider 532 connected to the bottom end of the spring 531 to slide down along the sliding post 522. Since the two ends of the push rod 533 are hinged to the first slider 532 and the second slider 534 respectively, the push rod 533 will convert the downward sliding of the first slider 532 into a linear sliding of the second slider 534 in the longitudinal groove towards the inner wall of the vehicle frame 1.

[0039] Please see Figures 7 to 8The fixing component 54 includes a rotating shaft 541 and a clamp 542. One end of the 541 is rotatably connected to the upper inner wall of the longitudinal groove, and the other end is located in the slot and has a locking post. The diameter of the locking post is smaller than the size of the slot, and the locking post can slide in the slot. One end of the clamp 542 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating shaft 541. When the locking post slides, it can drive the rotating shaft 541 to drive the clamp 542 to perform opening and closing movements. When the second slider 534 slides, it pushes the locking post located in the slot of the second slider 534 to slide. Since the locking post and the rotating shaft 541 are integrated, when the locking post slides, it drives the rotating shaft 541 to rotate in a fixed position, so that the rotating shaft 541 does not slide synchronously with the second slider 534. Since the clamp 542 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating shaft 541, the clamp 542 begins to close and fit against the outer surface of the vehicle frame 1 as the rotating shaft 541 rotates.

[0040] Please see Figure 9 The mobile device 6 includes a wheel plate 61 and a wheel 62. The upper surface of the wheel plate 61 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the vehicle frame 1, and the wheel 62 is rotatably connected to the lower surface of the wheel plate 61. The top of the safety ladder 7 corresponds to the top of the vehicle frame 1, and the bottom of the safety ladder 7 corresponds to the bottom of the vehicle frame 1.

[0041] In summary, this mobile, liftable, multi-functional large-diameter pipeline safety operating trolley, when in use, connects the hanging end of chain 4 to the traction device, starts the traction device, and drives the operating platform 2 to rise. The operating platform 2 drives the lower connecting block 511 and the upper connecting block 512 to slide upward along the sliding column in the longitudinal groove through the collar. At this time, the compressed spring 531 releases the accumulated elastic potential energy and resets, driving the first slider 532 to slide upward. Under the action of the push rod 533, the upward sliding of the first slider 532 is converted into the upward sliding of the second slider 534. The operating platform 2 slides linearly in the direction of the movement, causing the locking pin in the slot to rotate. This causes the rotating shaft 541 to rotate in the same direction as the second slider 534. The caliper 542, fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating shaft 541, begins to change from a state of being in contact with the outer surface of the vehicle frame 1 to opening outwards. When the upper surface of the slip ring abuts against the upper inner wall of the longitudinal groove, a traction force is continued to be applied, causing the sliding assembly 52 to move upwards. At this time, the pulley 524 rotates in contact with the outer surface of the vehicle frame 1, and the direction of rotation is the same as the self-locking block when the sliding assembly 52 falls. The opening rotates in the opposite direction to the fixed post 523. At this time, the self-locking block is retracted into the notch and does not contact the fixed post 523. Under the guidance of the pulley 524, the operating platform 2 moves horizontally upward. When the traction device is disconnected from the chain 4, the operating platform 2 loses its upward traction and begins to fall. Since the inertia of the operating platform 2 is greater than that of the anti-fall device 5, a relative speed difference is formed between the two. At this time, the slip ring connected to the operating platform 2 compresses the spring 531, causing the first slider 532 to slide downward and push the second slider 53 through the push rod 533. 4. Slide towards the vehicle frame 1. The rotating shaft 541, which is rotatably connected to the second slider 534, rotates in the same direction, causing the caliper 542 to quickly adhere to the outer surface of the vehicle frame 1. Under the action of friction, the falling speed is slowed down. At this time, the pulley 524 slides down rapidly, and the opening of its internal self-locking block rotates towards the fixed post 523, so that the inner surface of the self-locking block contacts the fixed post 523, and stops the rotation of the pulley 524 and prevents the displacement of the sliding component 52 under the reverse force of the spring, so as to assist the caliper 542 in fixing the operating platform 2.

[0042] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model; the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances. Moreover, the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0043] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A mobile, liftable, multi-functional large-diameter pipeline safety operating trolley, characterized in that: The system includes a vehicle frame (1), an operating platform (2) that can slide up and down inside the vehicle frame (1), an operating window that can be fully penetrated at the center of the operating platform (2) and guardrails on all four sides of its upper surface, a lifting pulley (3) on one side of the inner wall of the vehicle frame (1), a chain (4) wrapped around the outer surface of the lifting pulley (3), one end of the chain (4) being fixed to the guardrail of the operating platform (2), the lifting pulley (3) can drive the operating platform (2) to move freely according to the pipe diameter through the chain (4), anti-fall devices (5) that can prevent the operating platform (2) from falling are provided between the two sides of the operating platform (2) and the inner wall of the vehicle frame (1), a moving device (6) that can move a safety operating trolley is installed on the lower surface of the vehicle frame (1), and a safety ladder (7) that allows workers to enter the upper surface of the operating platform (2) is installed on the outside of the vehicle frame (1).

2. The movable and liftable multi-functional large-diameter pipeline safety operating trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-fall device (5) includes a connecting component (51), a sliding component (52), a pushing component (53), and a fixing component (54). The connecting component (51) has a longitudinal groove on one side near the sliding component (52). The connecting component (51) can slide up and down along the longitudinal groove. The sliding component (52) can slide up and down on the outer surface of the vehicle frame (1). A pulley (524) is provided on the other side surface of the sliding component (52). The pulley (524) can be in contact with the outer surface of the vehicle frame (1) and rotate. The pulley (524) has a self-locking structure. The self-locking structure is activated when the sliding component (52) slides downward. The centrifugal force generated can lock the pulley (524) and the sliding component (52) relative to each other. The pushing component (53) is installed at the lower end of the longitudinal groove. The pushing component (53) is connected to the fixed component (54) in a transmission manner. The fixed component (54) is hinged in the longitudinal groove and can open and close. When the connecting component (51) slides down along the longitudinal groove, it drives the fixed component (54) to close through the pushing component (53). At this time, the fixed component (54) gradually approaches and fits against the outer surface of the vehicle frame (1).

3. The movable and liftable multi-functional large-diameter pipeline safety operating trolley according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting component (51) includes a lower connecting block (511) and an upper connecting block (512); The side of the lower connecting block (511) is mounted on the side of the operating platform (2), and the lower end of the upper connecting block (512) is mounted on the upper surface of the lower connecting block (511). The upper end of the upper connecting block (512) is provided with a collar, which is located in the longitudinal groove and can slide up and down.

4. The movable and liftable multi-functional large-diameter pipeline safety operating trolley according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sliding assembly (52) includes a baffle (521), a sliding column (522), a fixed column (523), and a pulley (524); One end of the sliding column (522) is fixed to the inner wall of the longitudinal groove, and the other end is fixed to the inner wall of the lower longitudinal groove. The collar of the upper connecting block (512) is sleeved on the outer surface of the sliding column (522) and can slide up and down on the outer surface. The end of the pulley (524) is rotatably connected to the baffle (521). The pulley (524) is divided into an outer wheel and an inner wheel, and the outer wheel and the inner wheel are concentric and can rotate against the outer wall of the vehicle frame (1). The self-locking structure consists of a self-locking block and a fixing post (523). The fixing post (523) is located between the inner wheel and the outer wheel, and the end of the fixing post (523) is fixed to the surface of the baffle (521). The inner wheel has a notch, and the self-locking block is hinged at the notch. The self-locking block can be rotated and opened to fit against the inner surface of the outer wheel. When the sliding component (52) slides downward, the opening of the self-locking block rotates toward the fixing post (523). At this time, the inner surface of the self-locking block contacts the fixing post (523).

5. The movable and liftable multi-functional large-diameter pipeline safety operating trolley according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pushing assembly (53) includes a spring (531), a first slider (532), a push rod (533), and a second slider (534); The spring (531) is sleeved on the outer surface of the slide column (522), and its lower end is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the first slider (532). The lower surface of the first slider (532) is hinged to one end of the push rod (533), and the other end of the push rod (533) is hinged to the second slider (534). The second slider (534) can slide in the longitudinal groove, and a fully penetrating slot is provided on the second slider (534).

6. The movable and liftable multi-functional large-diameter pipeline safety operating trolley according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fixing component (54) includes a pivot (541) and a caliper (542); One end of the rotating shaft (541) is rotatably connected to the upper inner wall of the longitudinal groove, and the other end is located in the slot and has a locking pin. The diameter of the locking pin is smaller than the size of the slot, and the locking pin can slide in the slot. One end of the caliper (542) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating shaft (541). When the locking pin slides, it can drive the rotating shaft (541) to drive the caliper (542) to perform opening and closing movements.

7. The movable and liftable multi-functional large-diameter pipeline safety operating trolley according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mobile device (6) includes a wheel plate (61) and a wheel (62). The upper surface of the wheel plate (61) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the vehicle frame (1), and the wheel (62) is rotatably connected to the lower surface of the wheel plate (61).

8. The movable and liftable multi-functional large-diameter pipeline safety operating trolley according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top of the safety ladder (7) corresponds to the top of the vehicle frame (1), and the bottom of the safety ladder (7) corresponds to the bottom of the vehicle frame (1).

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