Tunnel and open cut waterproofing system
By setting up a drainage system with slopes and a filter layer in the open section of the tunnel, the problem of poor drainage of seepage water on the outside of the tunnel lining was solved, and timely and effective drainage of seepage water was achieved, ensuring the stability of the tunnel structure.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA RAILWAY 19TH BUREAU GRP EAST CHINA ENG CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-19
AI Technical Summary
Water seepage outside the tunnel lining cannot be drained in a timely and effective manner, making the tunnel structure susceptible to erosion and affecting its structural stability.
The system employs a slope, a reverse filter layer, and a blind pipe structure. The slope collects seepage water into a water passage, the reverse filter layer filters impurities, and the blind pipe leads the seepage water into a drainage ditch, ensuring smooth drainage.
It effectively reduces blockage by impurities, ensures timely drainage of seepage water, and improves the stability and durability of the tunnel structure.
Smart Images
Figure CN224378849U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a drainage system for open-cut tunnels. Background Technology
[0002] Open-cut tunnels are a special structural form in tunnel engineering, mainly used in tunnel entrance / exit sections or cutting sections to cope with complex terrain and geological conditions or situations with safety hazards such as collapses, rockfalls, and landslides. Their structural form is usually arched or canopy-type, using reinforced concrete or masonry as lining materials, and the top needs to be backfilled with soil and rock to buffer external loads.
[0003] The open-cut tunnel not only serves a structural stability function but also requires a sophisticated drainage system to ensure structural durability and prevent problems such as cracking and leakage caused by water erosion. In related technologies, blind pipes are typically used behind the tunnel lining to collect seepage water and guide it into a centralized drainage system for discharge.
[0004] However, after the tunnel's open-cut lining is completed, its top needs to be backfilled with soil and rock. This buries the blind pipes within the backfill, where debris such as gravel and silt can easily clog them, leading to poor drainage. Furthermore, fine soil particles from the backfill may be lost through the blind pipes, and this lost soil can easily accumulate and block the drainage system. Under these circumstances, water accumulation outside the tunnel's open-cut lining may not be able to drain in a timely and effective manner, causing water to seep into the tunnel and erode its structure, affecting its structural stability.
[0005] Therefore, how to drain seepage water from the outside of the tunnel lining in a timely and effective manner to ensure the structural stability of the tunnel has become an important issue that urgently needs to be addressed. Utility Model Content
[0006] This utility model provides a tunnel open-cut drainage system to solve the problem that water accumulation on the outside of the tunnel open-cut lining cannot be discharged in a timely and effective manner in the existing technology, which makes the tunnel structure susceptible to erosion. It can more timely and effectively remove seepage water on the outside of the tunnel open-cut lining and ensure the structural stability of the tunnel.
[0007] This utility model provides a drainage system for open-cut tunnels, including:
[0008] Drainage ditch, located below the inner rail surface of the tunnel and extending along the tunnel axis;
[0009] A ramp is provided on at least one side outside the tunnel lining, and the bottom of the ramp gradually approaches the tunnel lining, so that the outer periphery of the tunnel lining and the bottom of the ramp form a water passage along the tunnel axis.
[0010] A reverse filter layer is disposed at the bottom of the water passage channel;
[0011] The blind pipe structure has an inlet located inside or below the filter layer, and an outlet connected to the drainage ditch.
[0012] According to the present invention, a tunnel open-cut drainage system is provided, wherein the blind pipe structure includes:
[0013] The first longitudinal blind pipe is arranged along the tunnel axis and is located inside or below the filter layer, forming the water inlet end of the blind pipe structure;
[0014] Multiple vertical blind pipes are arranged along the length of the first longitudinal blind pipe; one end of each vertical blind pipe is connected to the first longitudinal blind pipe, and the other end is connected to the drainage ditch.
[0015] According to the present invention, a tunnel open-cut drainage system includes a drainage ditch comprising side ditches arranged on both sides of the inner track surface and extending along the tunnel axis, wherein the vertical blind pipe is connected to the side ditches; or,
[0016] The drainage ditch includes side ditches arranged on both sides of the inner rail surface, and a central ditch arranged between the two side ditches.
[0017] Both the side ditch and the central ditch extend along the tunnel axis. The vertical blind pipe is connected to the side ditch. The elevation of the side ditch is higher than that of the central ditch and is connected to the central ditch.
[0018] According to the tunnel drainage system provided by this utility model, the end of the vertical blind pipe away from the first longitudinal blind pipe is connected to the side ditch through a bend joint and a first connecting pipe; and / or,
[0019] The first longitudinal blind pipe is connected to the vertical blind pipe via a tee connector.
[0020] A tunnel open-cut drainage system according to the present invention further includes a second longitudinal blind pipe arranged along the tunnel axis;
[0021] The second longitudinal blind pipe is located at the bottom of the tunnel lining and is connected to the drainage ditch.
[0022] The tunnel opening drainage system provided by this utility model also includes a waterproof layer laid on the outer periphery of the tunnel opening lining.
[0023] According to the present invention, a tunnel open-cut drainage system is provided, wherein a leveling layer is provided between the outer circumferential surface of the tunnel open-cut lining and the waterproof layer; and / or,
[0024] A protective layer is provided around the waterproof layer.
[0025] According to the present invention, a tunnel opening drainage system is provided, wherein the space enclosed by the outer periphery of the tunnel opening lining and the slope is filled with a backfill layer and a waterproof layer from bottom to top.
[0026] According to the present invention, a tunnel opening drainage system is provided, wherein the upper surface of the waterproof layer is configured as an inclined surface sloping towards one or both sides.
[0027] According to the present invention, a tunnel open-cut drainage system is provided, wherein a water collection trough extending along the tunnel axis is provided on the upper surface of the waterproof layer;
[0028] The water collection trough is located on the relatively lower side of the waterproof layer.
[0029] The tunnel drainage system provided by this utility model, through the setting of a slope, allows seepage water to flow downwards along the slope under the action of gravity and eventually collect in the drainage channel. Since the inlet end of the blind pipe structure is located inside or below the filter layer, the water collected in the drainage channel is filtered by the filter layer and then collected by the inlet end of the blind pipe and guided to the drainage ditch, where it is finally discharged. Compared with related technologies, the filter layer can provide protection for the blind pipe after backfilling with soil and rock, reducing the problem of clogging the blind pipe by gravel, silt and other impurities, and ensuring the smooth flow of drainage. In addition, the filter layer can also filter the silt and impurities mixed in the seepage water, effectively reducing the problem of fine silt accumulation causing blockage of the drainage system. Thus, seepage water on the outside of the tunnel lining can be discharged more timely and effectively, ensuring the structural stability of the tunnel. Attached Figure Description
[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.
[0031] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the drainage system in the open section of a double-track tunnel in a cutting, provided in an embodiment of this utility model.
[0032] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the drainage system in the open section of a single-pressure double-track tunnel provided in this embodiment of the utility model.
[0033] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of part A in the middle.
[0034] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of part B in the middle section.
[0035] Figure 5 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the blind tube structure provided in this embodiment of the utility model.
[0036] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of the drainage system in the open section of a single-track tunnel in a cutting, provided in an embodiment of this utility model.
[0037] Figure 7 This is the second schematic diagram of the blind tube structure provided in this embodiment of the utility model.
[0038] Figure label:
[0039] 11. Drainage ditch; 110. Side ditch; 111. Central ditch; 112. Drainage pipe; 12. Slope; 13. Filter layer; 14. Blind pipe structure; 140. First longitudinal blind pipe; 141. Vertical blind pipe; 142. T-joint; 143. Bend joint; 144. First connecting pipe; 15. Second longitudinal blind pipe; 150. Second connecting pipe; 16. Waterproof layer; 17. Leveling layer; 18. Protective layer; 20. Tunnel open-cut lining; 30. Backfill layer; 31. Waterproof layer; 32. Water collection trough. Detailed Implementation
[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.
[0041] To better understand the tunnel opening drainage system provided in this utility model embodiment, its application background is first introduced. The tunnel opening is a tunnel constructed using the open-cut method. It is mainly used in tunnel entrances or road cutting sections that are subject to collapse, rockfall, or debris flow and mudflow. The opening not only undertakes the function of structural stability, but also needs to ensure structural durability through a complete drainage system to avoid problems such as cracking and leakage caused by water erosion.
[0042] In related technologies, blind pipes are typically used behind the lining of open tunnel sections to collect seepage water and then channel the seepage water into a drainage system for centralized discharge.
[0043] However, after the tunnel's open-cut lining is completed, its top needs to be backfilled with soil and rock. This buries the blind pipes within the backfill, and impurities such as gravel and silt can easily clog them, leading to poor drainage. Furthermore, fine soil particles from the backfill may be lost through the blind pipes, and the lost soil can easily accumulate and block the drainage system. Under these circumstances, water accumulation outside the tunnel's open-cut lining may not be able to drain in a timely and effective manner, causing water to seep into the tunnel and erode its structure, affecting its structural stability.
[0044] Therefore, how to promptly and effectively remove seepage water from the outside of the tunnel lining to ensure the tunnel's service life and safety has become an important issue that urgently needs to be addressed.
[0045] Against the above background, this utility model embodiment provides a tunnel open-cut drainage system that can more timely and effectively remove seepage water from the outside of the tunnel open-cut lining, thereby ensuring the structural stability of the tunnel.
[0046] The following is combined Figures 1-7 This invention describes a tunnel drainage system for open-cut tunnels.
[0047] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 A tunnel opening drainage system includes a drainage ditch 11, a ramp 12, a filter layer 13, and a blind pipe structure 14. The drainage ditch 11 is located below the inner track surface of the tunnel and extends along the tunnel axis. The ramp 12 is located on at least one side outside the tunnel opening lining 20, and the bottom of the ramp 12 gradually approaches the tunnel opening lining 20, so that the outer periphery of the tunnel opening lining 20 and the bottom of the ramp 12 form a water passage along the tunnel axis. The filter layer 13 is located at the bottom of the water passage. The water inlet of the blind pipe structure 14 is located inside or below the filter layer 13, and the water outlet is connected to the drainage ditch 11.
[0048] In practical applications, by setting up the slope 12, the seepage water will flow downwards along the slope 12 under the action of gravity and eventually collect in the water passage. Since the water inlet of the blind pipe structure 14 is located inside or below the filter layer 13, the water collected in the water passage is filtered by the filter layer 13, collected by the water inlet of the blind pipe, and guided to the drainage ditch 11, and finally discharged by the drainage ditch 11. Compared with related technologies, the filter layer 13 can provide protection for the blind pipe after backfilling with soil and stone, reduce the problem of debris such as gravel and silt clogging the blind pipe, and ensure the smooth flow of drainage. In addition, the filter layer 13 can also filter the silt impurities mixed in the seepage water, effectively reducing the problem of fine silt accumulation causing blockage of the drainage system, thereby enabling more timely and effective removal of seepage water outside the tunnel lining 20, ensuring the structural stability of the tunnel.
[0049] It should be noted that, depending on the specific structural form of the tunnel opening, the ramp 12 can be set on one or both sides outside the tunnel opening lining 20. For example, in a road cut type opening, the ramp 12 is set on both sides outside the tunnel opening lining 20, while in a single-pressure type opening, the ramp 12 is set on one side outside the tunnel opening lining 20. The specific setting needs to be flexibly combined with the actual construction scenario.
[0050] In one embodiment of this utility model, referring to Figures 3 to 5 The blind pipe structure 14 includes a first longitudinal blind pipe 140 and a vertical blind pipe 141; wherein the first longitudinal blind pipe 140 is arranged along the tunnel axis and is located inside or below the filter layer 13, forming the water inlet end of the blind pipe structure 14; multiple vertical blind pipes 141 are arranged along the length direction of the first longitudinal blind pipe 140, one end of the vertical blind pipe 141 is connected to the first longitudinal blind pipe 140, and the other end is connected to the drainage ditch 11.
[0051] With this configuration, the first longitudinal blind pipe 140 arranged along the tunnel axis and the multiple vertical blind pipes 141 arranged along the length of the first longitudinal blind pipe 140 can fully collect the seepage water collected in the water tank and quickly guide the seepage water into the drainage ditch 11, which is beneficial to improving drainage efficiency.
[0052] In one embodiment of this utility model, the first longitudinal blind pipe 140 and the vertical blind pipe 141 are connected by a tee connector 142. Specifically, the first longitudinal blind pipe 140 is segmented, and two of the interfaces of the tee connector 142 are used to connect two adjacent segments of the first longitudinal blind pipe 140 respectively, while the other interface is used to connect the vertical blind pipe 141.
[0053] Through the above technical solution, the water channel set on the outside of the tunnel lining 20 can collect seepage water, and the filter layer 13 can provide protection for the first longitudinal blind pipe 140 and filter the seepage water. The filtered seepage water is collected by the first longitudinal blind pipe 140 and quickly introduced into the drainage ditch 11 through multiple vertical blind pipes 141, thereby realizing the drainage of the outside of the tunnel lining 20.
[0054] It should be noted that, depending on the structural form, function and applicable scenario, tunnels can be divided into single-track tunnels and double-track tunnels. Single-track tunnels are used for vehicles to travel in one lane, so their cross-section is relatively small, while double-track tunnels are used for vehicles to travel in two lanes, so their cross-section is relatively large. This results in a slight difference in the arrangement of drainage ditches 11 in single-track tunnels and double-track tunnels.
[0055] In one embodiment of this utility model, referring to Figure 6In a single-track tunnel, the drainage ditch 11 includes side ditches 110 arranged on both sides of the inner track surface and extending along the tunnel axis, and the vertical blind pipe 141 is connected to the side ditches 110. Since the cross-section of a single-track tunnel is relatively small, the water introduced by the blind pipe structure 14 can be concentrated and discharged through the side ditches 110.
[0056] In another embodiment of this utility model, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In a twin-track tunnel, the drainage ditch 11 includes side ditches 110 arranged on both sides of the inner track surface, and a central ditch 111 arranged between the side ditches 110; both the side ditches 110 and the central ditch 111 extend along the tunnel axis; the elevation of the central ditch 111 is lower than that of the side ditches 110 and is connected to the side ditches 110, and the vertical blind pipe 141 is connected to the side ditches 110. With this arrangement, since the cross-section of the twin-track tunnel is relatively large, the seepage water from the blind pipe structure 14 is collected in the side ditches 110 and then discharged centrally in the central ditch 111, which helps to ensure drainage efficiency.
[0057] Specifically, the side ditch 110 is connected to the central ditch 111 through the drainage pipe 112.
[0058] To facilitate the connection between the vertical blind pipe 141 and the side ditch 110, in one embodiment of the present invention, the end of the vertical blind pipe 141 away from the first longitudinal blind pipe 140 is connected to the side ditch 110 through a bent pipe structure and a first connecting pipe 144.
[0059] In one embodiment of this utility model, referring to Figure 7 The tunnel open-cut drainage system also includes a second longitudinal blind pipe 15 arranged along the tunnel axis. The second longitudinal blind pipe 15 is located at the bottom of the tunnel open-cut lining 20 and is connected to the drainage ditch 11.
[0060] Specifically, the second longitudinal blind pipe 15 is installed at the longitudinal structural joint of the tunnel lining 20, such as the longitudinal construction joint of the tunnel sidewall and the invert arch. The second longitudinal blind pipe 15 can collect the seepage water at the structural joint and guide it into the drainage ditch 11 for centralized discharge, so as to avoid the seepage water from eroding the tunnel structure.
[0061] In one embodiment of this utility model, the second longitudinal blind pipe 15 is connected to the side trench 110 via a tee connector 142 and a second connecting pipe 150. Specifically, the second longitudinal blind pipe 15 is segmented, two of the interfaces of the tee connector 142 are used to connect two adjacent segments of the second longitudinal blind pipe 15 respectively, and the other interface is used to connect to the second connecting pipe 150. The end of the second connecting pipe 150 away from the second longitudinal blind pipe 15 is connected to the side trench 110.
[0062] In one embodiment of this utility model, the tunnel opening drainage system further includes a waterproof layer 16 laid around the outer perimeter of the tunnel opening lining 20. The waterproof layer 16 forms a continuous waterproof barrier around the opening lining, preventing water from seeping into the tunnel interior.
[0063] Specifically, the waterproof layer 16 includes a geotextile layer and a waterproof membrane laid in sequence; the geotextile layer can act as a buffer to protect the waterproof membrane from damage, and the waterproof membrane can be made of materials such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which have excellent impermeability and prevent water from penetrating into the interior of the secondary lining.
[0064] It should be noted that the specific laying method of the geotextile layer and the waterproof membrane can refer to existing technologies. For example, the geotextile layer can be fixed first with rivets with hot melt backing, and then the waterproof membrane and the hot melt backing can be bonded together by hot melting, thereby realizing the laying of the waterproof layer 16.
[0065] In one embodiment of this utility model, a leveling layer 17 is provided between the waterproof layer 16 and the tunnel lining 20. The leveling layer 17 can improve the flatness of the waterproof layer 16 and ensure the waterproof effect of the waterproof layer 16.
[0066] Specifically, leveling layer 17 is a 2cm thick cement mortar leveling layer 17.
[0067] In one embodiment of this utility model, a protective layer 18 is provided around the waterproof layer 16. The protective layer 18 can provide protection for the waterproof layer 16 and prevent damage to the waterproof layer 16 during backfilling.
[0068] Specifically, the protective layer is a 5cm thick cement mortar protective layer 18.
[0069] In one embodiment of this utility model, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The space enclosed by the outer perimeter of the tunnel lining 20 and the slope 12 is filled from bottom to top with a backfill layer 30 and a waterproof layer 31; wherein, the backfill layer 30 is used to buffer external loads, and the waterproof layer 31 is used to reduce the leakage of rainwater into the tunnel structure.
[0070] Specifically, the backfill layer 30 is rammed earth and rock, and the waterproof layer 31 is a clay waterproof layer 31.
[0071] In one embodiment of this utility model, the upper surface of the waterproof layer 31 is set as an inclined surface sloping towards one or both sides. In this way, when rainwater falls on the waterproof layer 31, it will be discharged along the inclined surface under the action of gravity, further reducing the leakage of rainwater into the tunnel structure.
[0072] In one embodiment of this invention, a water collection trough 32 extending along the tunnel axis is provided on the upper surface of the waterproof layer 31, and the water collection trough 32 is located on the relatively lower side of the waterproof layer 31. With this arrangement, when rainwater falls onto the waterproof layer 31, it will collect along the slope into the water collection trough 32 under the action of gravity, and then be discharged from the water collection trough 32, which helps to improve drainage efficiency and further reduce rainwater leakage into the tunnel structure.
[0073] It should be further pointed out that the above description of the tunnel opening structure is only a brief overview, and its purpose is to provide a more intuitive understanding of the drainage system provided by this utility model embodiment. Of course, in order to realize the function of the tunnel itself, the tunnel opening may also include other structures, such as sidewall backfill layers, corner backfill layers, etc., and the specific forms of sidewall backfill layers, corner backfill layers, etc. will also vary depending on the tunnel form. The specific designs can be adapted to the actual construction scenario, and will not be listed in detail in this utility model embodiment.
[0074] It is understood that, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of the different embodiments or examples.
[0075] By setting up the slope 12, the seepage water will flow downwards along the slope 12 under the action of gravity and eventually collect in the water passage. Since the water inlet of the blind pipe structure 14 is located inside or below the filter layer 13, the water collected in the water passage is filtered by the filter layer 13, collected by the water inlet of the blind pipe and guided to the drainage ditch 11, and finally discharged by the drainage ditch 11. Compared with related technologies, the filter layer 13 can provide protection for the blind pipe after backfilling with soil and rock, reduce the problem of debris such as gravel and silt clogging the blind pipe, and ensure the smooth flow of drainage. In addition, the filter layer 13 can also filter the silt impurities mixed in the seepage water, effectively reducing the problem of fine silt accumulation causing blockage of the drainage system, thereby enabling more timely and effective removal of seepage water outside the tunnel lining 20, ensuring the structural stability of the tunnel.
[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.
Claims
1. A waterproofing system for a tunnel, characterized in that, include: Drainage ditch (11) is located below the inner rail surface of the tunnel and extends along the tunnel axis; A ramp (12) is provided on at least one side outside the tunnel lining (20), and the bottom of the ramp (12) gradually approaches the tunnel lining (20), so that the outer periphery of the tunnel lining (20) and the bottom of the ramp (12) form a water passage along the tunnel axis. A reverse filter layer (13) is disposed at the bottom of the water passage channel; The blind pipe structure (14) has its inlet end located inside or below the filter layer (13), and its outlet end connected to the drainage ditch (11).
2. The waterproofing and drainage system for a tunnel and cavern according to claim 1, wherein The blind tube structure (14) includes: The first longitudinal blind pipe (140) is arranged along the tunnel axis and is located inside or below the filter layer (13), forming the water inlet end of the blind pipe structure (14); There are multiple vertical blind pipes (141) arranged along the length of the first longitudinal blind pipe (140); one end of the vertical blind pipe (141) is connected to the first longitudinal blind pipe (140), and the other end is connected to the drainage ditch (11).
3. The waterproofing and drainage system for a tunnel and cavern according to claim 2, wherein The drainage ditch (11) includes side ditches (110) arranged on both sides of the inner track surface and extending along the tunnel axis, and the vertical blind pipe (141) is connected to the side ditches (110); or, The drainage ditch (11) includes side ditches (110) arranged on both sides of the inner rail surface, and a central ditch (111) arranged between the two side ditches (110); Both the side ditch (110) and the central ditch (111) extend along the tunnel axis. The vertical blind pipe (141) is connected to the side ditch (110). The elevation of the side ditch (110) is higher than that of the central ditch (111) and is connected to the central ditch (111).
4. The waterproofing and drainage system for a tunnel and cavern according to claim 3, wherein The end of the vertical blind pipe (141) away from the first longitudinal blind pipe (140) is connected to the side trench (110) via a bend joint (143) and a first connecting pipe (144); and / or, The first longitudinal blind pipe (140) is connected to the vertical blind pipe (141) via a tee connector (142).
5. The waterproofing and drainage system for a tunnel and cavern according to claim 1, wherein It also includes a second longitudinal blind pipe (15) arranged along the tunnel axis; The second longitudinal blind pipe (15) is located at the bottom of the tunnel lining (20) and is connected to the drainage ditch (11).
6. The waterproofing and drainage system for tunnels and underpasses according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a waterproof layer (16) laid around the outer periphery of the tunnel lining (20).
7. The tunnel opening drainage system according to claim 6, characterized in that, A leveling layer (17) is provided between the outer periphery of the tunnel lining (20) and the waterproof layer (16); and / or, A protective layer (18) is provided around the waterproof layer (16).
8. The waterproofing and drainage system for tunnels and underground structures according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The space enclosed by the outer periphery of the tunnel lining (20) and the slope (12) is filled from bottom to top with a backfill layer (30) and a waterproof layer (31).
9. The waterproofing and drainage system for a tunnel and cavern according to claim 8, wherein The upper surface of the waterproof layer (31) is configured as an inclined surface sloping towards one or both sides.
10. The waterproofing and drainage system for a tunnel and cavern according to claim 9, wherein The upper surface of the waterproof layer (31) is provided with a water collection trough (32) extending along the tunnel axis; The water collecting groove (32) is located at the relatively lower side of the water-resisting layer (31).