FPGA-based low-voltage large-current switching power supply

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of switching power supply technology, specifically a low-voltage, high-current switching power supply based on FPGA. It includes an adjustable voltage regulator circuit, on which a PWM control circuit and a rectifier bridge are electrically connected. The adjustable voltage regulator circuit includes an adjustable voltage regulator IC1, on which a semiconductor field-effect transistor Q1, a bipolar junction transistor Q2, and a bipolar junction transistor Q3 are electrically connected. A variable resistor VR1 is electrically connected between the bipolar junction transistor Q3 and the adjustable voltage regulator IC1. This utility model combines the adjustable voltage regulator, the PWM control circuit, and the rectifier bridge to construct an efficient, flexible, and reliable power supply system. The PWM control circuit, in conjunction with the inductor, achieves efficient DC-DC conversion, rapidly adjusts the duty cycle to cope with sudden load changes, and enables multi-level voltage / current regulation, providing current amplification while achieving low cost and low power consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a switching power supply, and more particularly to a low-voltage, high-current switching power supply based on FPGA, belonging to the field of switching power supply technology. Background Technology

[0002] Chips are divided into analog chips and digital chips. Digital chips are responsible for processing digital signals and are divided into three main categories: processors, logic, and storage. FPGA is a programmable logic chip. Unlike other logic chips, users can define its hardware functions at any time. However, because the architecture of FPGA fills the gap between PLD and ASIC / ASSP, it can meet the ever-increasing capacity and speed requirements of downstream applications, thus greatly expanding its application range.

[0003] High-current switching power supplies refer to high-efficiency power conversion devices with an output current capability typically above 10A, and up to several thousand amperes. Their core feature is that they achieve power conversion through high-frequency switching technology, rather than the traditional linear voltage regulation method. However, the existing FPGA chips are expensive, and the harmonics generated during rapid switching require additional filtering circuits, resulting in high power consumption.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to improve the FPGA-based low-voltage, high-current switching power supply to solve the above-mentioned problems. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a low-voltage, high-current switching power supply based on FPGA. The adjustable regulated power supply, PWM control circuit, and rectifier bridge are combined to build an efficient, flexible, and reliable power system. The PWM control circuit, in conjunction with the inductor, achieves efficient DC-DC conversion, quickly adjusts the duty cycle to cope with sudden load changes, and enables multi-level voltage / current regulation. It provides current amplification while achieving low cost and low power consumption.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the main technical solutions adopted by this utility model include:

[0007] A low-voltage, high-current switching power supply based on FPGA includes an adjustable voltage regulator circuit, wherein a PWM control circuit and a rectifier bridge are electrically connected to the adjustable voltage regulator circuit.

[0008] The adjustable voltage regulator circuit includes an adjustable voltage regulator IC1, on which a semiconductor field-effect transistor Q1, a bipolar junction transistor Q2, and a bipolar junction transistor Q3 are electrically connected. A variable resistor VR1 is electrically connected between the bipolar junction transistor Q3 and the adjustable voltage regulator IC1.

[0009] The semiconductor field-effect transistor Q1 and the bipolar junction transistor Q2 are electrically connected, and capacitors C1 and C2 are connected in parallel.

[0010] Preferably, the adjustable regulated power supply circuit is electrically connected to the PWM control circuit through resistor R1, and the output terminal of the adjustable regulator IC1 is provided with resistor R3, diode D1 and capacitor C4 connected in parallel.

[0011] The resistor R3 is electrically connected to the bipolar junction transistor Q3, and a capacitor C3 is connected in series with the diode D1.

[0012] Preferably, a resistor R5 is electrically connected to the diode D1, and the resistor R5 is electrically connected to the semiconductor field-effect transistor Q1 or the bipolar junction transistor Q3.

[0013] Preferably, the PWM control circuit includes switching device V1, switching device V2, switching device V3 and switching device V4, and the switching device V1 and the switching device V2 are connected in series and connected to an inductor Lr through a resistor R10.

[0014] Preferably, the switching device V3 and the switching device V4 are connected in series and electrically connected to the inductor Lr, and a capacitor C6 and a resistor R11 are connected in parallel on one side of the inductor Lr.

[0015] Preferably, the PWM control circuit is electrically connected to a voltage acquisition circuit, which includes a low-power dual operational amplifier U1. Pin 1 of the low-power dual operational amplifier U1 is electrically connected to the PWM control circuit through a resistor R6, and the resistor R6 is grounded through a resistor R7.

[0016] Pin 3 of the low-power dual operational amplifier U1 is electrically connected to the adjustable regulated power supply circuit. A resistor R8 is electrically connected between pin 3 and pin 2 of the low-power dual operational amplifier U1, and the circuit is grounded through a resistor R9.

[0017] Preferably, the rectifier bridge includes four diodes, and a transformer T is electrically connected to one side of the rectifier bridge.

[0018] This utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. The combination of adjustable regulated power supply, PWM control circuit and rectifier bridge can build an efficient, flexible and reliable power supply system. The PWM control circuit, together with the inductor, realizes efficient DC-DC conversion, quickly adjusts the duty cycle to cope with load changes, and can realize multi-level voltage / current regulation. While providing current amplification, it achieves the purpose of low cost and low power consumption.

[0020] 2. Semiconductor field-effect transistors (FETs) provide high-speed switching and low conduction losses. Utilizing the high input impedance of FETs reduces the power consumption of the drive circuit. The current amplification of bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) reduces the current specification requirements of FETs. BJTs provide current amplification and low cost. A variable resistor VR1 is electrically connected between BJT Q3 and the adjustable regulator IC1. Semiconductor field-effect transistors Q1 and BJT Q2 are electrically connected and connected in parallel with capacitors C1 and C2. The parallel capacitors C1 and C2 can achieve functions such as filtering, energy storage, and decoupling, providing a low-impedance return path for high-frequency noise, preventing interference from propagating through the power line, and suppressing voltage fluctuations caused by sudden current changes during chip switching. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 This is the circuit diagram of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The following will describe in detail the implementation of this application with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so that the implementation process of how this application uses technical means to solve technical problems and achieve technical effects can be fully understood and implemented accordingly.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the FPGA-based low-voltage high-current switching power supply provided in this embodiment includes an adjustable voltage regulator circuit. The adjustable voltage regulator circuit is electrically connected to a PWM control circuit and a rectifier bridge. By combining the adjustable voltage regulator, the PWM control circuit, and the rectifier bridge, an efficient, flexible, and reliable power system can be constructed. The rectifier bridge improves energy utilization, with nearly double the efficiency compared to half-wave rectification. Regardless of the AC input polarity, the output DC polarity is fixed, simplifying the design. The PWM control circuit, in conjunction with an inductor, achieves efficient DC-DC conversion, quickly adjusts the duty cycle to cope with sudden load changes, and enables multi-level voltage / current regulation. The adjustable voltage regulator has a current-limiting function to prevent short-circuit damage while achieving the goal of low voltage and high current.

[0025] The adjustable voltage regulator circuit includes an adjustable voltage regulator IC1. A semiconductor field-effect transistor (FET) Q1, a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) Q2, and a BJT Q3 are electrically connected to the adjustable voltage regulator IC1. The adjustable voltage regulator circuit is electrically connected to the PWM control circuit through a resistor R1. A resistor R3, a diode D1, and a capacitor C4 are connected in parallel at the output of the adjustable voltage regulator IC1. Resistor R3 is electrically connected to the BJT Q3. A capacitor C3 is connected in series with diode D1. A resistor R5 is electrically connected to diode D1 and is electrically connected to either the FET or the BJT Q3. The FET provides high-speed switching and low conduction loss. By utilizing the high input impedance of the field-effect transistor (FET), the power consumption of the drive circuit is reduced. The current amplification of the bipolar junction transistor (BJT) reduces the current specification requirements of the FET. The BJT provides current amplification and low cost. A variable resistor VR1 is electrically connected between the BJT Q3 and the adjustable voltage regulator IC1. The semiconductor FET Q1 and the BJT Q2 are electrically connected and are connected in parallel with capacitors C1 and C2. The parallel capacitors C1 and C2 can achieve functions such as filtering, energy storage, and decoupling. They provide a low-impedance return path for high-frequency noise, prevent interference from propagating through the power line, and suppress voltage fluctuations caused by sudden current changes during chip switching.

[0026] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, the PWM control circuit includes switching devices V1, V2, V3, and V4. Switching devices V1 and V2 are connected in series and then connected to an inductor Lr through a resistor R10. Switching devices V3 and V4 are connected in series and electrically connected to the inductor Lr. A capacitor C6 and a resistor R11 are connected in parallel on one side of the inductor Lr. During the positive half-cycle of the modulation signal, switching device V1 remains on, while switching devices V2 and V3 remain off. Switching device V4 is alternately turned on according to the relationship between the modulation wave and the carrier wave.

[0027] When |Ur|>|Uc|, the switching device V4 is turned on, and the load voltage Uo=Ud;

[0028] When |Ur| < |Uc|, the switching device V4 is turned off, and the load current will freewheel through diode VD3. At this time, the load voltage U R11 =0;

[0029] During the negative half-cycle of the modulation signal ur:

[0030] Switching device V2 remains on, switching devices V1 and V4 remain off, and switching device V3 alternately turns on according to the relationship between the modulation wave and the carrier wave.

[0031] Furthermore, such as Figure 1As shown, a voltage acquisition circuit is electrically connected to the PWM control circuit. The voltage acquisition circuit includes a low-power dual operational amplifier U1. Pin 1 of the low-power dual operational amplifier U1 is electrically connected to the PWM control circuit through resistor R6. Resistor R6 is grounded through resistor R7. Pin 3 of the low-power dual operational amplifier U1 is electrically connected to the adjustable regulated power supply circuit. A resistor R8 is electrically connected between pin 3 and pin 2 of the low-power dual operational amplifier U1, and grounded through resistor R9. The voltage acquisition circuit is a crucial front-end module of the signal chain in the electronic system. Its core function is to convert the measured voltage signal into valid data that can be recognized by the processor or display device.

[0032] Meanwhile, the rectifier bridge includes four diodes, and a transformer T is electrically connected to one side of the rectifier bridge. The rectifier bridge is the most basic AC-DC conversion device in power electronics. Its core function is to convert AC power into DC power, laying the foundation for subsequent filtering and voltage regulation circuits.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the principle of the FPGA-based low-voltage high-current switching power supply provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0034] By combining an adjustable regulated power supply, a PWM control circuit, and a rectifier bridge, an efficient, flexible, and reliable power supply system can be constructed. The rectifier bridge improves energy utilization, nearly doubling the efficiency compared to half-wave rectification. Regardless of the AC input polarity, the output DC polarity is fixed, simplifying the design. The PWM control circuit, in conjunction with an inductor, achieves efficient DC-DC conversion, quickly adjusts the duty cycle to cope with sudden load changes, and enables multi-level voltage / current regulation. The adjustable regulated power supply has a current-limiting function to prevent short-circuit damage and can achieve the goal of low voltage and high current.

[0035] The adjustable voltage regulator circuit includes an adjustable voltage regulator IC1. A semiconductor field-effect transistor (FET) Q1, a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) Q2, and a BJT Q3 are electrically connected to the adjustable voltage regulator IC1. The adjustable voltage regulator circuit is electrically connected to the PWM control circuit through a resistor R1. A resistor R3, a diode D1, and a capacitor C4 are connected in parallel at the output of the adjustable voltage regulator IC1. Resistor R3 is electrically connected to the BJT Q3. A capacitor C3 is connected in series with diode D1. A resistor R5 is electrically connected to diode D1 and is electrically connected to either the FET or the BJT Q3. The FET provides high-speed switching and low conduction loss. By utilizing the high input impedance of the field-effect transistor (FET), the power consumption of the drive circuit is reduced. The current amplification of the bipolar junction transistor (BJT) reduces the current specification requirements of the FET. The BJT provides current amplification and low cost. A variable resistor VR1 is electrically connected between the BJT Q3 and the adjustable voltage regulator IC1. The semiconductor FET Q1 and the BJT Q2 are electrically connected and are connected in parallel with capacitors C1 and C2. The parallel capacitors C1 and C2 can achieve functions such as filtering, energy storage, and decoupling. They provide a low-impedance return path for high-frequency noise, prevent interference from propagating through the power line, and suppress voltage fluctuations caused by sudden current changes during chip switching.

[0036] If certain terms are used in the specification and claims to refer to specific components, those skilled in the art will understand that hardware manufacturers may use different names to refer to the same component. This specification and claims do not distinguish components based on differences in name, but rather on differences in function. The term "comprising" as used throughout the specification and claims is an open-ended term and should be interpreted as "comprising but not limited to." "Approximately" means that within an acceptable margin of error, those skilled in the art can solve the technical problem and substantially achieve the technical effect within a certain margin of error.

[0037] It should be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product or system comprising a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a product or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the product or system that includes that element.

[0038] The foregoing description illustrates and describes several preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, as previously stated, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein and should not be construed as excluding other embodiments. It can be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be altered within the scope of the inventive concept described herein through the foregoing teachings or techniques or knowledge in related fields. Any modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A low-voltage, high-current switching power supply based on FPGA, comprising an adjustable voltage regulator circuit, characterized in that, The adjustable regulated power supply circuit is electrically connected to a PWM control circuit and a rectifier bridge. The adjustable voltage regulator circuit includes an adjustable voltage regulator IC1, on which a semiconductor field-effect transistor Q1, a bipolar junction transistor Q2, and a bipolar junction transistor Q3 are electrically connected. A variable resistor VR1 is electrically connected between the bipolar junction transistor Q3 and the adjustable voltage regulator IC1. The semiconductor field-effect transistor Q1 and the bipolar junction transistor Q2 are electrically connected, and capacitors C1 and C2 are connected in parallel.

2. The low-voltage, high-current switching power supply based on FPGA according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable regulated power supply circuit is electrically connected to the PWM control circuit through resistor R1, and resistor R3, diode D1 and capacitor C4 are connected in parallel at the output terminal of the adjustable regulator IC1. The resistor R3 is electrically connected to the bipolar junction transistor Q3, and a capacitor C3 is connected in series with the diode D1.

3. The low-voltage, high-current switching power supply based on FPGA according to claim 2, characterized in that: A resistor R5 is electrically connected to the diode D1, and the resistor R5 is electrically connected to the semiconductor field-effect transistor Q1 or the bipolar junction transistor Q3.

4. The low-voltage, high-current switching power supply based on FPGA according to claim 1, characterized in that: The PWM control circuit includes switching devices V1, V2, V3 and V4. Switching devices V1 and V2 are connected in series and then connected to an inductor Lr through a resistor R10.

5. The low-voltage, high-current switching power supply based on FPGA according to claim 4, characterized in that: The switching devices V3 and V4 are connected in series and electrically connected to the inductor Lr. A capacitor C6 and a resistor R11 are connected in parallel on one side of the inductor Lr.

6. The low-voltage, high-current switching power supply based on FPGA according to claim 1, characterized in that: The PWM control circuit is electrically connected to a voltage acquisition circuit, which includes a low-power dual operational amplifier U1. Pin 1 of the low-power dual operational amplifier U1 is electrically connected to the PWM control circuit through a resistor R6, and the resistor R6 is grounded through a resistor R7. Pin 3 of the low-power dual operational amplifier U1 is electrically connected to the adjustable regulated power supply circuit. A resistor R8 is electrically connected between pin 3 and pin 2 of the low-power dual operational amplifier U1, and the circuit is grounded through a resistor R9.

7. The low-voltage, high-current switching power supply based on FPGA according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rectifier bridge includes four diodes, and a transformer T is electrically connected to one side of the rectifier bridge.

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