Fuel cell system and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of fuel cell system and vehicle, fuel cell system includes: hydrogen storage subsystem, the hydrogen storage subsystem has first storage device, the first storage device is used to store liquid hydrogen;Gasifier component, the gasifier component is connected with the hydrogen storage subsystem, and it is used to convert the liquid hydrogen into hydrogen gas, and the gasifier component is equipped with water storage part, the water storage part is used to collect the condensed water generated when the gasifier operates;Fuel cell subsystem, the fuel cell subsystem is connected with the hydrogen storage subsystem, and it is used to consume the hydrogen gas to generate electric energy. By setting water storage part, to collect the condensed water generated when the gasifier operates, prevent the gasifier from appearing drip problem, and it is convenient to realize secondary use of condensed water, to reduce the waste of water resources advantageously.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a fuel cell system and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, unreasonable structural design of fuel cell systems can lead to dripping problems and resource waste due to condensate generated during vaporizer operation. Utility Model Content

[0003] This invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, one objective of this invention is to provide a fuel cell system that can collect condensate, prevent dripping from the vaporizer, and facilitate the secondary use of the condensate.

[0004] A fuel cell system includes: a hydrogen storage subsystem having a first storage device for storing liquid hydrogen; a vaporizer assembly connected to the hydrogen storage subsystem for converting the liquid hydrogen into hydrogen gas, wherein the vaporizer assembly is provided with a water storage section for collecting condensate generated during operation of the vaporizer; and a fuel cell subsystem connected to the hydrogen storage subsystem for consuming the hydrogen gas to generate electricity.

[0005] According to the fuel cell system of this utility model embodiment, by setting up a water storage section, the condensate generated during the operation of the gasifier is collected, which prevents the gasifier from dripping and facilitates the secondary use of the condensate, thereby helping to reduce the waste of water resources.

[0006] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fuel cell system further includes a heat exchange subsystem, the heat exchange subsystem including a heat exchange device for exchanging heat with the fuel cell subsystem to cool the fuel cell subsystem; and / or, the heat exchange device is used for heat transfer between the fuel cell subsystem and the vaporizer assembly.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the vaporizer assembly includes a vaporizer, and the water storage unit is disposed in the vaporizer; the heat exchange subsystem further includes a water circulation device, the water circulation device including: a water supply component, the water supply component being connected to the water storage unit, the water supply component being used to supply the condensate as a heat exchange medium to one side of the heat exchange device to dissipate heat and cool the heat exchange device.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the water supply assembly includes: a water supply path, which is connected to the water storage section and the heat exchange device respectively; a pump body, which is connected to the water supply path and is used to supply the heat exchange medium in the water storage section to the heat exchange device; and a nozzle, which is used to spray the heat exchange medium onto the heat exchange device.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the heat exchange device further includes a collection device, which is installed for collecting the heat exchange medium that exchanges heat with the heat exchange device.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the water circulation device further includes a water return component, which is connected between the water storage section and the collection device, and is used to recover the heat exchange medium collected by the collection device back to the water storage section.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the vaporizer includes: a flow pipeline layer for flowing liquid hydrogen; a heating layer disposed outside the flow pipeline layer and used to convert the liquid hydrogen into hydrogen gas; and a heat insulation layer disposed outside the heating layer; wherein the heating layer includes a plurality of heating elements, which are evenly spaced on the side of the flow pipeline layer away from the side in contact with the liquid hydrogen.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the hydrogen storage subsystem further includes a second storage device, which is at least connected to the vaporizer and is used to store the hydrogen generated by the vaporizer.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the heat exchange device includes: a first heat exchanger, which is used to exchange heat with the fuel cell subsystem to cool the fuel cell subsystem; and / or a second heat exchanger, which is connected to the vaporizer and the fuel cell subsystem respectively, and is used for heat transfer between the fuel cell subsystem and the vaporizer assembly.

[0014] The second objective of this utility model is to provide a vehicle.

[0015] The vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the fuel cell system described above.

[0016] The vehicle described above has the same advantages as the aforementioned fuel cell system, which will not be repeated here.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this utility model will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fuel cell system described in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fuel cell system described in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0021] Figure label:

[0022] Fuel cell system 100

[0023] Hydrogen storage subsystem 10, first storage device 11

[0024] Second storage device 12, first vaporization hydrogen storage unit 121, inlet pipe 1211, first outlet pipe 1212

[0025] Second gasification hydrogen storage section 122, second gas outlet pipe 1221

[0026] Vaporizer 21, Flow piping layer 211, Heating layer 212, Insulation layer 213

[0027] First pipeline 22,

[0028] Second sub-pipe 23, first sub-pipe 231, second sub-pipe 232, third sub-pipe 233

[0029] First control valve 24, second control valve 25, third control valve 26

[0030] Fuel cell subsystem 30

[0031] Water circulation device 41, water storage unit 411

[0032] Water supply component 412, water supply path 4121, pump body 4122, sprinkler head 4123

[0033] Return water assembly 413, return water flow path 4131

[0034] Heat exchange device 42, first heat exchanger 421, first circulation pipeline 4211

[0035] Collection device 422

[0036] Second heat exchanger 423, second circulation pipeline 4231, third circulation pipeline 4232, fourth control valve 4233

[0037] First temperature and pressure sensor 51, second temperature and pressure sensor 52, third temperature and pressure sensor 53. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0039] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0040] In the description of this utility model, "first feature" and "second feature" may include one or more of the features.

[0041] In the description of this utility model, "multiple" means two or more.

[0042] The following is for reference. Figure 1 and Figure 2 A fuel cell system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the fuel cell system 100 includes: a hydrogen storage subsystem 10, a vaporizer assembly, and a fuel cell subsystem 30. The hydrogen storage subsystem 10 has a first storage device 11 for storing liquid hydrogen. The vaporizer assembly is connected to the hydrogen storage subsystem 10 and is used to convert liquid hydrogen into hydrogen gas. The vaporizer assembly is provided with a water storage section 411 for collecting condensate generated during the operation of the vaporizer 21. The fuel cell subsystem 30 is connected to the hydrogen storage subsystem 10 and is used to consume hydrogen gas to generate electricity.

[0044] For example, the first storage device 11 can be connected to the vaporizer assembly, and the liquid hydrogen stored in the first storage device 11 can be delivered to the vaporizer assembly, which can convert the liquid hydrogen into hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas converted by the vaporizer assembly can be further delivered to the fuel cell subsystem 30, which can consume hydrogen gas and generate electricity through an electrochemical reaction.

[0045] During the process of converting liquid hydrogen into hydrogen gas, the vaporizer assembly will generate condensate. Considering the dripping problem of the vaporizer assembly and the waste of water resources, the vaporizer assembly is equipped with a water storage section 411 to collect the condensate generated during operation, preventing dripping. The condensate collected by the water storage section 411 can be reused. For example, the collected condensate can be used as a heat exchange medium for heat exchange in the fuel cell subsystem 30, or it can be used as a refrigerant in the heat exchange of the vehicle's air conditioning system, thereby reducing the waste of water resources.

[0046] It is understood that the above-mentioned use of condensate as a heat exchange medium for heat exchange in fuel cell subsystem 30, or use of collected condensate as a refrigerant in heat exchange in vehicle air conditioning system, are merely two examples for ease of understanding and should not be construed as limitations on this application. The specific use of condensate collected in water storage section 411 can be determined according to actual production requirements and is not specifically limited here.

[0047] This application sets up a water storage section 411 to collect the condensate generated during the operation of the vaporizer 21, which prevents the vaporizer 21 from dripping and facilitates the secondary use of the condensate, thereby helping to reduce the waste of water resources.

[0048] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of the present invention, the fuel cell system 100 further includes a heat exchange subsystem, which includes a heat exchange device 42 for exchanging heat with the fuel cell subsystem 30 to cool the fuel cell subsystem 30; and / or, the heat exchange device 42 is used for heat transfer between the fuel cell subsystem 30 and the vaporizer assembly.

[0049] In some examples, considering that the fuel cell subsystem 30 will generate heat during operation, a heat exchange subsystem is provided to prevent the fuel cell subsystem 30 from overheating. The heat exchange device 42 of the heat exchange subsystem can exchange heat with the fuel cell subsystem 30. For example, when the temperature of the heat exchange device 42 is too high, the heat exchange device 42 can dissipate heat from the fuel cell subsystem 30 to reduce the temperature of the fuel cell subsystem 30, thereby reducing the risk of overheating of the fuel cell subsystem 30 and improving the service life and safety of the fuel cell subsystem 30.

[0050] In other examples, to improve the energy efficiency of the fuel cell system 100, the heat exchanger 42 can transfer heat between the fuel cell subsystem 30 and the vaporizer assembly. For example, the heat exchanger 42 can transfer the heat generated by the fuel cell subsystem 30 to the vaporizer assembly. The vaporizer assembly can use the heat transferred from the fuel cell subsystem 30 by the heat exchanger 42 to heat the liquid hydrogen, converting it into hydrogen gas. This reduces the energy consumption of the vaporizer assembly while simultaneously cooling the fuel cell subsystem 30, thereby improving the energy efficiency and reducing the energy consumption of the fuel cell system 100. Alternatively, the heat exchanger 42 can also transfer the heat generated by the vaporizer assembly to the fuel cell subsystem 30. For instance, when the vaporizer assembly is at a high temperature and the fuel cell subsystem 30 has just started up, the heat exchanger 42 can transfer the heat generated by the vaporizer assembly to the fuel cell subsystem 30, allowing the fuel cell subsystem 30 to quickly increase its temperature using the heat generated by the vaporizer assembly, thus improving the performance of the fuel cell subsystem 30.

[0051] In some other examples, the heat exchange device 42 can be used to cool the fuel cell subsystem 30 or to transfer heat between the fuel cell subsystem 30 and the vaporizer assembly, thereby improving the functionality of the fuel cell system 100 and improving its operating performance.

[0052] It is understandable that the specific use of the heat exchange device 42 can be determined according to actual production requirements, and no specific limitation is made here, as long as the heat exchange device 42 can at least be used to cool the fuel cell subsystem 30.

[0053] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2In some embodiments of this utility model, the vaporizer assembly includes a vaporizer 21 and a water storage unit 411 disposed on the vaporizer 21; the heat exchange subsystem also includes a water circulation device 41, which includes a water supply component 412 connected to the water storage unit 411. The water supply component 412 is used to supply condensate as a heat exchange medium to one side of the heat exchange device 42 to dissipate heat and cool the heat exchange device 42.

[0054] For example, the water storage section 411 can be configured as a water tank, which can be used to receive the condensate formed in the vaporizer 21. For instance, the water storage section 411 can be located below the vaporizer 21. The condensate formed in the vaporizer 21 can flow into the water tank under the action of gravity, so that the water storage section 411 can collect and store the condensate generated by the vaporizer 21. At the same time, the water supply component 412 is connected to the water storage section 411, and the water supply component 412 can transport the condensate collected and stored in the water storage section 411 as a heat exchange medium to the heat exchange device 42, thereby achieving the function of heat dissipation and cooling of the heat exchange device 42, improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat exchange device 42, and thus helping to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the fuel cell subsystem 30.

[0055] Reference Figure 1 In some embodiments of this utility model, the water supply component 412 includes: a water supply path 4121, a pump body 4122, and a nozzle 4123. The water supply path 4121 is connected to the water storage section 411 and the heat exchange device 42 respectively. The pump body 4122 is connected to the water supply path 4121 and is used to supply the heat exchange medium in the water storage section 411 to the heat exchange device 42. The nozzle 4123 is used to spray the heat exchange medium onto the heat exchange device 42.

[0056] For example, one end of the water supply path 4121 can be connected to the water storage section 411, and the other end of the water supply path 4121 can be connected to the nozzle 4123. At the same time, the pump body 4122 is connected to the water supply path 4121. Under the action of the pump body 4122, the heat exchange medium collected and stored in the water storage section 411 can be transported to the nozzle 4123 through the water supply path 4121, and further sprayed onto the surface of the heat exchange device 42 through the nozzle 4123, so that the heat exchange medium can dissipate heat to the heat exchange device 42 and improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the first heat exchanger 421.

[0057] In some embodiments of this utility model, the pump body 4122 is configured as a variable speed pump, which can adjust the spray volume of the heat exchange medium sprayed to the heat exchange device 42 through the nozzle 4123 according to the heat exchange requirements of the heat exchange device 42.

[0058] For example, the variable speed pump can be connected to the controller of the detection subsystem described below. The heat exchange device 42 is equipped with a temperature sensor, which can detect the temperature information of the heat exchange device 42 and feed it back to the controller. When the temperature of the heat exchange device 42 rises, the controller can control the variable speed pump to increase its speed, thereby increasing the flow rate of the heat exchange medium and increasing the amount of heat exchange medium sprayed onto the heat exchange device 42 through the nozzle 4123.

[0059] When the temperature of the heat exchange device 42 decreases, the controller can control the variable speed pump to reduce the speed, thereby reducing the flow rate of the heat exchange medium. This helps to reduce the amount of heat exchange medium sprayed onto the heat exchange device 42 through the nozzle 4123, and also helps to save energy.

[0060] Therefore, by constructing the pump body 4122 as a variable speed pump, it is beneficial to save energy consumption of the fuel cell system 100 and improve the resource utilization rate of the fuel cell system 100.

[0061] Reference Figure 1 In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat exchange device 42 includes a first heat exchanger 421, which is used to exchange heat with the fuel cell subsystem 30 to cool the fuel cell subsystem 30. The first heat exchanger 421 is provided with a first circulation pipeline 4211, which is connected to the fuel cell subsystem 30.

[0062] For example, the refrigerant can circulate between the first heat exchanger 421 and the fuel cell subsystem 30 through the first circulation pipe 4211. When the temperature of the fuel cell subsystem 30 is too high, the refrigerant flowing through the fuel cell subsystem 30 can absorb the heat of the fuel cell subsystem 30 to cool it down. The refrigerant after absorbing heat can flow into the first heat exchanger 421 through the first circulation pipe 4211. The first heat exchanger 421 is provided with heat dissipation fins. When the refrigerant enters the first heat exchanger 421, it can dissipate heat through the heat dissipation fins.

[0063] Reference Figure 1 In some embodiments of this utility model, the heat exchange device 42 further includes a collection device 422, which is used to collect the heat exchange medium that exchanges heat with the heat exchange device 42.

[0064] For example, the first heat exchanger 421 is used to exchange heat with the fuel cell subsystem 30 to improve the working performance of the fuel cell subsystem 30. For instance, a refrigerant for exchanging heat with the fuel cell subsystem 30 flows through the first heat exchanger 421. When the temperature of the fuel cell subsystem 30 is too high, the refrigerant can absorb the heat of the fuel cell subsystem 30 to cool it down. The refrigerant after absorbing heat can flow into the first heat exchanger 421. The first heat exchanger 421 is provided with heat dissipation fins. When the refrigerant enters the first heat exchanger 421, it can dissipate heat through the heat dissipation fins. At the same time, the heat exchange medium collected and stored by the water storage section 411 can be transported to the nozzle 4123 through the water supply path 4121 under the action of the pump body 4122 and further sprayed onto the surface of the first heat exchanger 421 to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the first heat exchanger 421.

[0065] The heat exchange medium sprayed onto the first heat exchanger 421 can flow into the collection device 422 after exchanging heat with the first heat exchanger 421. For example, the collection device 422 can receive the heat exchange medium flowing down from the first heat exchanger 421 after heat exchange, so as to collect the heat exchange medium after heat exchange, realize the recovery of the heat exchange medium, facilitate the recycling of the heat exchange medium, and help improve the utilization rate of the heat exchange medium.

[0066] In some examples, the collection device 422 is constructed as a water tank.

[0067] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the water circulation device 41 further includes a water return component 413, which is connected between the water storage section 411 and the collection device 422 and is used to recover the heat exchange medium collected by the collection device 422 back to the water storage section 411.

[0068] For example, the collection device 422 can be used to receive the heat exchange medium sprayed onto the surface of the heat exchange device 42, so as to realize the recovery of the heat exchange medium by the collection device 422. At the same time, the return water assembly 413 is connected between the water storage unit 411 and the collection device 422. The heat exchange medium recovered by the collection device 422 can be transported to the water storage unit 411 through the return water assembly 413 so as to facilitate the next heat exchange of the first heat exchanger 421, improve the utilization rate of the condensate (i.e. heat exchange medium) generated by the vaporizer 21, and at the same time improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat exchange device 42.

[0069] like Figure 1As shown, in some embodiments of this utility model, the return water assembly 413 includes a return water flow path 4131 and a delivery pump. The return water flow path 4131 is connected between the collection device 422 and the water storage unit 411. The delivery pump is connected to the return water flow path 4131. The heat exchange medium recovered by the collection device 422 can be transported to the water storage unit 411 through the return water flow path 4131 under the action of the delivery pump, thereby realizing the recycling of the heat exchange medium.

[0070] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of this utility model, the heat exchange device 42 is connected to the vaporizer 21 and the fuel cell subsystem 30 respectively, and is used to transfer heat from the fuel cell subsystem 30 side to the vaporizer 21 side.

[0071] For example, when the temperature of the fuel cell subsystem 30 is too high, the heat exchange device 42 can also absorb the heat generated by the fuel cell subsystem 30, and the heat exchange device 42 can transfer the absorbed heat to the vaporizer 21, so that the vaporizer 21 can use the heat absorbed by the heat exchange device 42 from the fuel cell subsystem 30 to heat the liquid hydrogen, which is beneficial to improve the vaporization efficiency of the liquid hydrogen or reduce the energy consumption of the vaporizer 21. Thus, it is possible to realize the vaporization heating of liquid hydrogen by recovering the heat of the fuel cell subsystem 30, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the fuel cell subsystem 30.

[0072] When the temperature of the vaporizer 21 is high and the fuel cell subsystem 30 has just been turned on, in order to increase the start-up speed of the fuel cell subsystem 30, the heat exchange device 42 can transfer the temperature of the vaporizer 21 to the fuel cell subsystem 30 side to quickly increase the temperature of the fuel cell subsystem 30 and increase the operating speed of the fuel cell subsystem 30.

[0073] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the heat exchange device 42 further includes a second heat exchanger 423, which is connected to the gasifier 21 and the fuel cell subsystem 30 respectively, and is used for heat transfer between the fuel cell subsystem 30 and the gasifier assembly.

[0074] For example, the second heat exchanger 423 can exchange heat with the fuel cell subsystem 30. For instance, a cooling medium flows through the second heat exchanger 423, circulating between the second heat exchanger 423 and the fuel cell subsystem 30. When the temperature of the fuel cell subsystem 30 is too high, the cooling medium can absorb heat from the fuel cell subsystem 30, and the absorbed cooling medium can flow into the second heat exchanger 423. Simultaneously, since the second heat exchanger 423 is connected to the vaporizer 21, the absorbed cooling medium can use the absorbed heat to heat the liquid hydrogen in the vaporizer 21, thereby improving the vaporization efficiency of the liquid hydrogen. This allows for the heating and vaporization of liquid hydrogen by recovering heat from the fuel cell subsystem 30, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the fuel cell subsystem 30. When the temperature of the fuel cell subsystem 30 is too low and the temperature of the vaporizer 21 is high, the cooling medium can absorb the heat from the vaporizer 21, and the cooled medium after absorbing heat can flow into the second heat exchanger 423. Since the second heat exchanger 423 is connected to the fuel cell subsystem 30, the cooled medium after absorbing heat can use the absorbed heat to heat the fuel cell subsystem 30, thereby rapidly increasing the temperature of the fuel cell subsystem 30 and improving its operating speed.

[0075] Reference Figure 2 In some embodiments of this utility model, the second heat exchanger 423 is provided with a second circulation pipeline 4231 and a third circulation pipeline 4232, wherein the second circulation pipeline 4231 is connected to the fuel cell subsystem 30 and the third circulation pipeline 4232 is connected to the gasifier 21.

[0076] For example, the cooling medium can circulate between the second heat exchanger 423 and the fuel cell subsystem 30 through the second circulation pipe 4231 to exchange heat with the fuel cell subsystem 30. After the cooling medium absorbs the heat generated by the fuel cell subsystem 30, it flows back to the second heat exchanger 423. At the same time, at least a portion of the liquid hydrogen in the vaporizer 21 can flow into the second heat exchanger 423 through the third circulation pipe 4232 and exchange heat with the cooled medium after heat absorption. The cooling medium can heat the liquid hydrogen to convert it into hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas after heat exchange can flow back to the vaporizer 21 through the third circulation pipe 4232 and be further transported to the fuel cell subsystem 30.

[0077] like Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments of this utility model, a fourth control valve 4233 is provided on the third circulation pipeline 4232. The fourth control valve 4233 is installed on a portion of the pipeline in the third circulation pipeline 4232 used to input liquid hydrogen from the vaporizer 21 to the second heat exchanger 423. The fourth control valve 4233 can precisely adjust the flow rate of liquid hydrogen entering the second heat exchanger 423 according to the heat generated by the fuel cell subsystem 30 and the temperature requirement of the hydrogen output from the vaporizer 21. For example, when the heat generated by the fuel cell system is high, the fourth control valve 4233 can increase its opening to increase the flow rate of liquid hydrogen entering the second heat exchanger 423, thereby making full use of the heat of the fuel cell subsystem 30 to improve the efficiency of liquid hydrogen vaporization; when the heat generated by the fuel cell subsystem 30 is low, the fourth control valve 4233 can decrease its opening to decrease the flow rate of liquid hydrogen entering the second heat exchanger 423, reducing the risk of insufficient liquid hydrogen vaporization.

[0078] In some other embodiments of this utility model, the second heat exchanger 423 can exchange heat with the vaporizer 21 through contact heat exchange. For example, the second heat exchanger 423 can be attached to the vaporizer 21 to transfer heat to the vaporizer 21 through contact, thereby heating the liquid hydrogen, improving the vaporization efficiency of the liquid hydrogen, and at the same time simplifying the piping of the fuel cell system 100, reducing the structural complexity and production cost of the fuel cell system 100.

[0079] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of the present invention, the hydrogen storage subsystem 10 further includes a second storage device 12, which is at least connected to the vaporizer 21 and is used to store hydrogen generated by the vaporizer 21.

[0080] For example, the first storage device 11 can be connected to the vaporizer 21 through the first pipeline 22. The liquid hydrogen in the first storage device 11 can be transported to the vaporizer 21 through the first pipeline 22. The vaporizer 21 can convert the liquid hydrogen into hydrogen gas by heating and transport the hydrogen gas to the second storage device 12 so that the hydrogen gas can be stored in the second storage device 12. At the same time, the second storage device 12 is connected to the fuel cell subsystem 30. The hydrogen gas stored in the second storage device 12 can be transported to the fuel cell subsystem 30. The fuel cell subsystem 30 can consume the hydrogen gas to generate electricity.

[0081] In other examples, the second storage device 12 may also be connected to the first storage device 11, and the hydrogen formed by the spontaneous vaporization of liquid hydrogen in the first storage device 11 can be delivered to the second storage device 12. At the same time, the second storage device 12 is connected to the fuel cell subsystem 30, and the hydrogen stored in the second storage device 12 can be delivered to the fuel cell subsystem 30, so that the hydrogen formed by the spontaneous vaporization of liquid hydrogen in the first storage device 11 can also be consumed by the fuel cell subsystem 30 to generate electricity.

[0082] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this utility model, the second storage device 12 includes: a first vaporization hydrogen storage section 121 and a second vaporization hydrogen storage section 122. The first vaporization hydrogen storage section 121 is connected to the first storage device 11 and is used to store hydrogen in the first storage device 11. The second vaporization hydrogen storage section 122 is connected to the vaporizer 21 and is used to store hydrogen generated by vaporization by the vaporizer 21. The first vaporization hydrogen storage section 121 and the second vaporization hydrogen storage section 122 can respectively supply hydrogen to the fuel cell subsystem 30.

[0083] For example, considering that some liquid hydrogen may spontaneously vaporize to form hydrogen in the first storage device 11, the first storage device 11 can be connected to the first vaporization hydrogen storage unit 121 through the air inlet pipe 1211, so that the hydrogen formed by the spontaneous vaporization of liquid hydrogen in the first storage device 11 can be transported to the first vaporization hydrogen storage unit 121 through the air inlet pipe 1211 and stored in the first vaporization hydrogen storage unit 121. At the same time, the first vaporization hydrogen storage unit 121 can be connected to the fuel cell subsystem 30 through the first air outlet pipe 1212, so that the hydrogen stored in the first vaporization hydrogen storage unit 121 can be transported to the fuel cell subsystem 30 and utilized by the fuel cell subsystem 30.

[0084] The vaporizer 21 can be connected to the second vaporization hydrogen storage unit 122 through the second pipeline 23. The hydrogen generated by vaporization in the vaporizer 21 can be transported to the second vaporization hydrogen storage unit 122 through the second pipeline 23 and stored in the second vaporization hydrogen storage unit 122. The second vaporization hydrogen storage unit 122 can be connected to the fuel cell subsystem 30 through the second outlet pipe 1221, so that the hydrogen stored in the second vaporization hydrogen storage unit 122 can be transported to the fuel cell subsystem 30 through the second outlet pipe 1221 and utilized by the fuel cell subsystem 30.

[0085] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this utility model, the vaporizer 21 can also be connected to the first storage device 11 through the second pipeline 23, and the liquid hydrogen in the vaporizer 21 that has not been converted into hydrogen can be transported back to the first storage device 11 through the second pipeline 23.

[0086] For example, the second pipeline 23 includes a first sub-pipe 231, a second sub-pipe 232 and a third sub-pipe 233. One end of the first sub-pipe 231 is connected to the vaporizer 21, and the other end of the first sub-pipe 231 is connected to one end of the second sub-pipe 232 and one end of the third sub-pipe 233, respectively. Meanwhile, one end of the second sub-pipe 232 is connected to the second vaporization hydrogen storage section 122, and the other end of the third sub-pipe 233 is connected to the first storage device 11.

[0087] Both liquid hydrogen and hydrogen gas in the vaporizer 21 can flow into the first sub-pipe 231. The hydrogen gas can be transported to the second vaporization and hydrogen storage section 122 through the second sub-pipe 232 and stored there. The liquid hydrogen can be transported back to the first storage device 11 through the third sub-pipe 233. This allows the liquid hydrogen in the vaporizer 21 to be transported back to the first storage device 11 and then transported back to the vaporizer 21 for vaporization. This improves the vaporization efficiency of liquid hydrogen, reduces the risk of liquid hydrogen waste, and helps prevent the risk of excessive accumulation of liquid hydrogen in the vaporizer 21 affecting its normal operation. This also helps improve the operational stability of the vaporizer 21.

[0088] In some embodiments of this utility model, a gas-liquid separator may be provided between the second sub-tube 232 and the second vaporization hydrogen storage section 122. The gas-liquid separator can be used to condense and separate the water vapor carried by the hydrogen flowing to the second vaporization hydrogen storage section 122. The gas-liquid separator can be connected to the water storage section 411 so that the condensate separated by the gas-liquid separator can be transported to the water storage section and used to dissipate heat from the first heat exchanger 421.

[0089] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this utility model, the vaporizer 21 includes a flow pipe layer 211, a heating layer 212 and a heat insulation layer 213. The flow pipe layer 211 is used to flow liquid hydrogen, the heating layer 212 is disposed outside the flow pipe layer 211 and is used to convert liquid hydrogen into hydrogen gas, and the heat insulation layer 213 is disposed outside the heating layer 212.

[0090] For example, the flow pipe layer 211 is constructed as the inner wall of the vaporizer 21. When liquid hydrogen enters the vaporizer 21, it comes into contact with the flow pipe layer 211. The heating layer 212 is located between the flow pipe layer 211 and the insulation layer 213. It can also be understood that the flow pipe layer 211 is the innermost layer, the heating layer 212 is the middle layer, and the insulation layer 213 is the outermost layer. The heating layer 212 can heat the liquid hydrogen flowing into the flow pipe layer 211, converting it into hydrogen gas. At the same time, the insulation layer 213 can prevent the heat generated by the heating layer 212 from being lost to the outside, thereby improving the vaporization efficiency of the vaporizer 21 for liquid hydrogen.

[0091] In some embodiments of this utility model, the heating layer 212 is composed of multiple heating elements. The multiple heating elements are evenly spaced on the side wall of the flow pipe layer 211 away from the side in contact with liquid hydrogen. It can also be understood that the multiple heating elements are arranged in an array, and the heating power of at least one heating element can be controlled individually, so as to accurately adjust the heating power of the heating elements in the corresponding area according to the temperature and flow rate of liquid hydrogen in the vaporizer 21, thereby improving the uniformity of vaporization of liquid hydrogen by the vaporizer 21.

[0092] In some embodiments of this utility model, the vaporizer 21 further includes a monitoring sensor, a temperature and pressure sensor, and a flow sensor. The monitoring sensor can detect the operating current, operating voltage, and temperature of each heating element. The temperature and pressure sensor can detect the temperature and pressure of liquid hydrogen inside the vaporizer 21. The flow sensor can detect changes in the flow rate of liquid hydrogen inside the vaporizer 21. The heating elements can be electrically connected to the controller via printed circuit technology. The operating current, operating voltage, and temperature of each heating element detected by the monitoring sensor can be fed back to the controller in real time. At the same time, the temperature and pressure of liquid hydrogen detected by the temperature and pressure sensor can be fed back to the controller in real time. The flow rate information of liquid hydrogen detected by the flow sensor can be fed back to the controller. The controller can accurately adjust the working state of each heating element based on the information fed back by the monitoring sensor, temperature and pressure sensor, and flow sensor. For example, when the temperature and pressure sensor detects that the temperature of liquid hydrogen in a certain area of ​​the vaporizer 21 is low, the controller can increase the heating power of the heating element set in that area. When the flow sensor detects that the flow rate of liquid hydrogen in the vaporizer 21 changes, the controller can adjust the heating power of the heating element in real time based on the flow rate information detected by the flow sensor to maintain a stable vaporization temperature.

[0093] In some embodiments of this utility model, a nanomaterial coating with superhydrophobic properties is provided in the flow pipe layer 211 to reduce the flow resistance of liquid hydrogen in the flow pipe layer 211 and to improve the heat exchange efficiency between liquid hydrogen and heating layer 212, thereby further improving the vaporization efficiency of liquid hydrogen.

[0094] In some embodiments of this utility model, the heat insulation layer 213 can be made of aerogel composite material, which is beneficial to reduce the thermal conductivity of the heat insulation layer 213, thereby preventing the heat of the heating layer 212 from being lost to the outside. At the same time, it is beneficial to improve the high temperature resistance of the heat insulation layer 213, reduce the risk of combustion of the vaporizer 21 due to high temperature, and improve the safety of the vaporizer 21. In addition, it can also improve the mechanical properties of the heat insulation layer 213 and reduce the risk of damage to the heat insulation layer 213 due to external impact and other factors.

[0095] In some embodiments of this utility model, the vaporizer 21 may also be provided with a heat buffer layer, which may be disposed between the heating layer 212 and the heat insulation layer 213, and the heat buffer layer may be used to absorb and store the heat of the fuel cell subsystem 30 transferred from the second heat exchanger 423 to the vaporizer 21.

[0096] For example, when the amount of hydrogen stored in the second storage device 12 is sufficient to supply the fuel cell subsystem 30, the heating layer 212 of the vaporizer 21 can be turned off, the fuel cell subsystem 30 operates and consumes hydrogen, and at the same time the fuel cell subsystem 30 generates heat. At this time, the heat generated by the fuel cell subsystem 30 can be transferred to the vaporizer 21 side through the second heat exchanger 423 to achieve heat dissipation of the fuel cell subsystem 30. Since there is no need for the vaporizer 21 to heat the liquid hydrogen to produce hydrogen at this time, the heat transferred to the vaporizer 21 side by the second heat exchanger 423 can be stored in the heat buffer layer for heat preservation of the vaporizer 21, reducing the heat loss of the vaporizer 21, which is beneficial to improving the efficiency of the vaporizer 21 in heating and vaporizing liquid hydrogen in the next cycle. When the vaporizer 21 needs to heat the liquid hydrogen, the heat stored in the heat buffer layer can be released.

[0097] In some embodiments of this invention, the thermal buffer layer may be configured as a phase change material.

[0098] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this utility model, the fuel cell system 100 further includes a detection subsystem, which includes a first temperature and pressure sensor 51 and a second temperature and pressure sensor 52. The first temperature and pressure sensor 51 is disposed in the first vaporization hydrogen storage section 121 and is used to detect the pressure in the first vaporization hydrogen storage section 121. The second temperature and pressure sensor 52 is disposed in the second vaporization hydrogen storage section 122 and is used to detect the pressure in the second vaporization hydrogen storage section 122.

[0099] For example, when the fuel cell system 100 is in operation, the first storage device 11 supplies hydrogen to the first vaporization hydrogen storage unit 121, the vaporizer 21 supplies hydrogen to the second vaporization hydrogen storage unit 122, and the first vaporization hydrogen storage unit 121 and the second hydrogen storage unit continuously supply hydrogen to each other and to the fuel cell subsystem 30, and the temperature and pressure in the first vaporization hydrogen storage unit 121 and the second vaporization hydrogen storage unit 122 also change accordingly.

[0100] The first temperature and pressure sensor 51 can detect the temperature and pressure in the first vaporization hydrogen storage section 121 in real time, and can feed back the detected temperature and pressure information to the controller of the detection subsystem. The controller can determine whether the temperature and pressure in the first vaporization hydrogen storage section 121 are within the normal range based on the information fed back by the first temperature and pressure sensor 51 and make corresponding adjustments. For example, if the controller determines that the temperature and pressure in the first vaporization hydrogen storage section 121 exceed the safety threshold based on the information fed back by the first temperature and pressure sensor 51, the controller can control the first storage device 11 to stop supplying hydrogen to the first vaporization hydrogen storage section 121; if the controller determines that the temperature and pressure in the first vaporization hydrogen storage section 121 are lower than the minimum value that can ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell subsystem 30 based on the information fed back by the first temperature and pressure sensor 51, the controller can control the fuel cell subsystem 30 to shut down.

[0101] The second temperature and pressure sensor 52 can detect the temperature and pressure in the second vaporization hydrogen storage section 122 in real time, and can feed back the detected temperature and pressure information to the controller of the detection subsystem. The controller can determine whether the temperature and pressure in the second vaporization hydrogen storage section 122 are within the normal range based on the information fed back by the second temperature and pressure sensor 52 and make corresponding adjustments. For example, if the controller determines that the temperature and pressure in the second vaporization hydrogen storage section 122 exceeds the safety threshold based on the information fed back by the first temperature and pressure sensor 51, the controller can control the vaporizer 21 to stop supplying hydrogen to the first vaporization hydrogen storage section 121; if the controller determines that the temperature and pressure in the second vaporization hydrogen storage section 122 is lower than the minimum value that can ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell subsystem 30 based on the information fed back by the first temperature and pressure sensor 51, the controller can control the fuel cell subsystem 30 to shut down.

[0102] It should be noted that the "safety threshold" refers to the maximum limit value that can ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell subsystem 30 without causing abnormality or safety hazards in the fuel cell system 100. In addition, when the temperature and pressure of one of the first vaporization hydrogen storage section 121 and the second vaporization hydrogen storage section 122 are not lower than the minimum value that can ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell subsystem 30, the controller controls the fuel cell subsystem 30 to operate normally, that is, the fuel cell subsystem 30 is in the on-state.

[0103] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this utility model, the vaporizer assembly further includes: a first control valve 24 and a second control valve 25. The first control valve 24 is connected between the first storage device 11 and the first vaporization hydrogen storage section 121 and is used to control the on / off state of the first storage device 11 and the first vaporization hydrogen storage section 121. The second control valve 25 is connected between the vaporizer assembly and the second vaporization hydrogen storage section 122 and is used to control the on / off state of the vaporizer assembly and the second vaporization hydrogen storage section 122.

[0104] For example, the first control valve 24 can be located in the inlet pipe 1211 and control the on / off state of the inlet pipe 1211, so that the first control valve 24 can control the on / off state of the first storage device 11 and the first vaporization hydrogen storage section 121. The second control valve 25 can be located in the second sub-pipe 232 and control the on / off state of the second sub-pipe 232, so that the second control valve 25 can control the on / off state of the vaporizer assembly (specifically, the vaporizer 21) and the second vaporization hydrogen storage section 122.

[0105] When the controller determines that the temperature and pressure in the first vaporization hydrogen storage section 121 are within the normal range based on the information fed back by the first temperature and pressure sensor 51, the controller can control the first control valve 24 to be in the open state so that the first storage device 11 can supply hydrogen to the first vaporization hydrogen storage section 121; when the controller determines that the temperature and pressure in the first vaporization hydrogen storage section 121 exceed the safety threshold based on the information fed back by the first temperature and pressure sensor 51, the controller can control the first control valve 24 to be closed so as to cut off the gas inlet pipe 1211, so that the first storage device 11 stops supplying hydrogen to the first vaporization hydrogen storage section 121.

[0106] When the controller determines that the temperature and pressure in the second vaporization hydrogen storage section 122 are within the normal range based on the information fed back by the second temperature and pressure sensor 52, the controller can control the second control valve 25 to be in the open state so that the vaporizer 21 can deliver hydrogen into the second vaporization hydrogen storage section 122; when the controller determines that the temperature and pressure in the second vaporization hydrogen storage section 122 exceed the safety threshold based on the information fed back by the second temperature and pressure sensor 52, the controller can control the second control valve 25 to be closed so as to cut off the second sub-pipe 232, so that the vaporizer 21 stops delivering hydrogen into the second vaporization hydrogen storage section 122.

[0107] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this utility model, the fuel cell system 100 further includes a detection subsystem, which includes a third temperature and pressure sensor 53 connected between the first storage device 11 and the vaporizer 21, and is used to detect the temperature and pressure of liquid hydrogen supplied to the vaporizer 21 via the first hydrogen storage device; the vaporizer assembly includes a third control valve 26 connected between the first hydrogen storage device and the vaporizer 21, and is used to control the flow rate of liquid hydrogen supplied to the vaporizer 21 via the first hydrogen storage device.

[0108] For example, the third temperature and pressure sensor 53 and the third control valve 26 can both be installed on the first pipeline 22. The third temperature and pressure sensor 53 can detect the temperature and pressure of the liquid hydrogen delivered from the first hydrogen storage device to the vaporizer 21 and feed back the detected temperature and pressure information to the controller. The controller can adjust the third control valve 26 according to the information fed back by the third temperature and pressure sensor 53 to ensure the delivery efficiency of liquid hydrogen and the safety of the fuel cell system 100.

[0109] For example, when the controller determines that the temperature of the liquid hydrogen is too low based on the feedback from the third temperature and pressure sensor 53, the controller can control the third control valve 26 to reduce the flow rate of the liquid hydrogen. When the controller determines that the temperature of the liquid hydrogen is too high based on the feedback from the third temperature and pressure sensor 53, the controller can control the third control valve 26 to increase the flow rate of the liquid hydrogen, allowing more cryogenic liquid hydrogen to flow in, thereby lowering the temperature of the liquid hydrogen. When the controller determines that the pressure of the liquid hydrogen is too low based on the feedback from the third temperature and pressure sensor 53, the controller can control the third control valve 26 to decrease the opening to increase the pressure of the liquid hydrogen in the first pipeline 22. When the controller determines that the pressure of the liquid hydrogen is too high based on the feedback from the third temperature and pressure sensor 53, the controller can control the third control valve 26 to increase the opening to decrease the pressure of the liquid hydrogen in the first pipeline 22.

[0110] Therefore, by setting a third temperature and pressure sensor 53 and a third control valve 26, the temperature and pressure of liquid hydrogen in the fuel cell subsystem 30 can be detected in real time, and the third control valve 26 can respond quickly, thereby preventing safety problems such as pipeline rupture or leakage in the fuel cell subsystem 30, improving the safety of the fuel cell subsystem 30, and helping to ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell subsystem 30.

[0111] The following reference Figure 2 This section briefly describes the working state of the fuel cell system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0112] When the fuel cell system 100 is in operation, the first hydrogen storage device supplies liquid hydrogen to the vaporizer 21. The vaporizer 21 heats the liquid hydrogen entering it, converting it into hydrogen gas. At the same time, when the vaporizer 21 is in operation, condensate will be generated on the outer surface of the vaporizer 21. The water storage section 411 can collect the condensate dripping from the outer surface of the vaporizer 21. The condensate can be stored in the water storage section 411 as a heat exchange medium.

[0113] The hydrogen produced in the vaporizer 21 is transported to the second vaporization hydrogen storage unit 122, and the hydrogen produced in the first storage device 11 is transported to the first vaporization hydrogen storage unit 121. The hydrogen in the first vaporization hydrogen storage unit 121 and the second vaporization hydrogen storage unit 122 can be transported to the fuel cell subsystem 30 for consumption by the fuel cell subsystem 30 and to generate electricity.

[0114] The fuel cell subsystem 30 generates heat, which can be dissipated through the first heat exchanger 421. At this time, the heat exchange medium stored in the water storage unit 411 can be transported and sprayed onto the surface of the first heat exchanger 421 under the action of the water supply component 412 to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the first heat exchanger 421. The heat exchange medium after exchanging heat with the first heat exchanger 421 can be collected by the collection device 422. The collected heat exchange medium can be transported back to the water storage unit 411 through the return water component 413 to realize the recovery of the heat exchange medium and facilitate the next heat exchange of the first heat exchanger 421.

[0115] The heat generated by the fuel cell subsystem 30 can also be transferred to the second heat exchanger 423. The liquid hydrogen in the vaporizer 21 can enter the second heat exchanger 423 and exchange heat with the cooling medium in the second heat exchanger 423 that absorbs the heat generated by the fuel cell subsystem 30, so as to improve the vaporization efficiency of the liquid hydrogen.

[0116] The vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the fuel cell system 100 described above.

[0117] Since the vehicle includes the aforementioned fuel cell system 100, a water storage unit 411 is provided to collect the condensate generated during the operation of the vaporizer 21. This prevents the vaporizer 21 from dripping and facilitates the secondary use of the condensate, thereby reducing the waste of water resources.

[0118] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0119] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fuel cell system, characterized in that, include: A hydrogen storage subsystem, the hydrogen storage subsystem having a first storage device for storing liquid hydrogen; A vaporizer assembly, which is connected to the hydrogen storage subsystem and is used to convert liquid hydrogen into hydrogen gas, and the vaporizer assembly is provided with a water storage section for collecting condensate generated during the operation of the vaporizer. A fuel cell subsystem, which is connected to the hydrogen storage subsystem and is used to consume the hydrogen to generate electricity.

2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a heat exchange subsystem, which includes a heat exchange device for exchanging heat with the fuel cell subsystem to cool the fuel cell subsystem. And / or, the heat exchange device is used for heat transfer between the fuel cell subsystem and the gasifier assembly.

3. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vaporizer assembly includes a vaporizer, and the water storage section is disposed in the vaporizer; The heat exchange subsystem further includes a water circulation device, which includes a water supply component connected to the water storage section. The water supply component is used to supply the condensate as a heat exchange medium to one side of the heat exchange device to dissipate heat and cool the heat exchange device.

4. The fuel cell system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The water supply components include: A water supply path is provided, which is connected to the water storage unit and the heat exchange device respectively. A pump body is connected to the water supply path and is used to supply the heat exchange medium in the water storage section to one side of the heat exchange device. A nozzle for spraying the heat exchange medium onto the heat exchange device.

5. The fuel cell system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The heat exchange device further includes a collection device for collecting the heat exchange medium that exchanges heat with the heat exchange device.

6. The fuel cell system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The water circulation device further includes a water return component, which is connected between the water storage section and the collection device, and is used to recover the heat exchange medium collected by the collection device back to the water storage section.

7. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vaporizer includes: A flow piping layer for circulating the liquid hydrogen; A heating layer is disposed outside the flow pipeline layer and is used to convert the liquid hydrogen into hydrogen gas. A heat insulation layer is provided outside the heating layer; The heating layer includes multiple heating elements, which are evenly spaced on the side of the flow pipeline layer away from the liquid hydrogen.

8. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage subsystem further includes a second storage device, which is at least connected to the vaporizer and is used to store the hydrogen generated by the vaporizer.

9. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heat exchange device includes: A first heat exchanger is used to exchange heat with the fuel cell subsystem to cool the fuel cell subsystem. And / or, a second heat exchanger, which is connected to both the gasifier and the fuel cell subsystem, and is used for heat transfer between the fuel cell subsystem and the gasifier assembly.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1-9.

Images