Guiding agency

Abstract

This utility model relates to a guiding mechanism, belonging to the field of tunnel boring and tunnel construction equipment. The mechanism includes a guide rail and a guide seat. The guide seat is equipped with upper and lower rows of rollers, which are respectively positioned on the upper and lower sides of the guide rail to clamp it. Rolling friction is formed between each roller and the corresponding top / bottom surface of the guide rail. Side sliders are provided on the left and right inner sides of the guide seat. Each side slider is pressed by a corresponding side-clamping device mounted on the guide seat, ensuring that each side slider contacts the left and right sides of the guide rail. Through pure rolling contact between the top / bottom surfaces of the guide rail and the rollers, sliding friction at the reference surface is reduced / eliminated. The rigid positioning of the rollers combined with the lateral constraint of the nylon sliders effectively suppresses swaying and ensures the stability of the drill barrel axis. This solves the problems of durability, stability, and drill jamming caused by wear of the metal reference surface in existing technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of tunnel excavation and tunnel construction equipment, and specifically relates to a guiding mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of tunnel circumferential drilling, the stability of the drilling rig's propulsion and guidance mechanism directly affects drilling accuracy and construction safety. Patent CN221096528U (authorization announcement date: June 7, 2024) discloses a drilling rig propulsion and guidance mechanism. Its core is the linear motion of the drill bit propulsion seat achieved through a sliding pair formed by a guide rail and a guide seat. Specifically, the guide seat is fitted onto a rectangular cross-section guide rail. The guide seat's through-hole has two reference surfaces and two adjustment surfaces. Positioning via the reference surfaces and adjustment of the nylon slider gap prevent the guide seat from shaking, ensuring the drilling stability of the drill barrel.

[0003] Practical engineering applications have revealed a significant technical problem in the design of this mechanism. Specifically, in the rectangular through-hole of the guide seat, besides the side with a nylon slider that contacts the guide rail to reduce friction, the other two sides, serving as the reference surface, directly contact the guide rail (direct metal-to-metal contact). During drilling, friction exists between the inner and outer walls of the drill barrel and the rock strata, necessitating high stability and minimal drill barrel sway. However, this requirement for high stability places considerable pressure and friction on the reference surface of the guide seat, leading to wear over time.

[0004] Wear on the reference surface not only increases the gap between the guide seat and the guide rail, causing the guide seat to wobble on the guide rail, but also makes the guiding performance of the entire guiding device unstable. This instability will further cause the centerline of the drill pipe or drill barrel to change, and in severe cases, it may even cause the drill to get stuck, seriously affecting construction efficiency and drilling quality.

[0005] Therefore, in view of the problems of easy wear of the guide seat reference surface, unstable guidance of the guide device and the resulting stuck drill in the existing technology, there is an urgent need for an improved guide mechanism to improve the stability and durability of the guide device and ensure the smooth progress of the drilling process. Utility Model Content

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a guiding mechanism to improve its durability and stability and solve the problem caused by the easy wear of the current reference surface.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A guiding mechanism includes a guide seat 2 that is mounted on the outside of a guide rail 1 and can move back and forth along the guide rail 1. The guide seat 2 is equipped with two rows of rollers 31, one above the other. The two rows of rollers 31 are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the guide rail 1 to clamp the guide rail 1, and each roller 31 forms rolling friction with the top / bottom surface of the corresponding guide rail 1.

[0009] Furthermore, bearings 32 are provided at both ends of the roller 31, and each roller 31 is rotatably connected to the guide seat 2 through the bearings 32 at both ends.

[0010] Furthermore, the guide seat 2 is provided with a height adjustment device 4, which is one of the following: a tightening bolt, a pneumatic / hydraulic plunger, a floating wedge block mechanism, a piezoelectric ceramic micro actuator, or a shape memory alloy actuator, which are correspondingly installed at the mounting position of the bearing 32.

[0011] Furthermore, the height adjustment device 4 is located at the bearing 32 mounting position on the lower side of the guide rail 1.

[0012] Furthermore, the roller 31 is an eccentric shaft with an eccentric middle section, and the bushing 33 is installed in the middle section of the roller 31 through a bearing, and rolling friction is formed between the top / bottom surface of the guide rail 1 and the bushing 33.

[0013] Furthermore, side sliders 5 are provided on the left and right inner sides of the guide seat 2. Each side slider 5 is pressed by a side clamping device 6 installed on the guide seat 2 so that each side slider 5 contacts the left and right sides of the guide rail 1.

[0014] Furthermore, the guide seat 2 has a limiting structure 21 on its left and right inner sides, and the side slider 5 is correspondingly fitted into the limiting structure 21.

[0015] Furthermore, the limiting structure 21 includes a stop that restricts the upward and downward movement of the side slider 5.

[0016] Furthermore, the side slider 5 is a nylon slider.

[0017] Furthermore, the side tightening device 6 is a tightening bolt.

[0018] Furthermore, the guide seat 2 is a semi-enclosed frame structure with the opening facing downwards, or a fully enclosed frame structure that can be detachably connected.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0020] (1) A composite guiding mechanism of "rolling + sliding" is adopted. The top / bottom surface of the guide rail makes pure rolling contact with the roller, which reduces / eliminates the sliding friction at the reference surface. The rigid positioning of the roller and the lateral constraint of the nylon slider can effectively suppress the swing and ensure the stability of the drill barrel axis. It solves the problems of durability, stability and drill jamming caused by wear of the metal reference surface in the prior art.

[0021] (2) Dynamic gap control is realized. At least one of the upper and lower rollers can achieve height floating and simultaneously lock the contact pressure between the upper and lower rollers and the guide rail, so that the upper and lower rollers contact the guide rail and clamp the guide rail, thereby limiting the upper and lower main force direction of the guide rail; the side clamping device pushes the nylon slider to compensate for wear gap and maintain lateral preload.

[0022] (3) The semi-enclosed U-shaped guide seat or the detachable fully enclosed guide seat integrates multiple sets of roller pairs and sliders, which disperses local stress; the roller pairs are spaced apart, which avoids single-point overload.

[0023] (4) The online height adjustment device and the side clamping device realize the rapid compensation of roller preload and slider gap respectively, without disassembling the parts; a single roller or nylon slider can be replaced independently if damaged, and the maintenance cost is significantly reduced.

[0024] Other advantages, objectives, and features of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination and study, or may be learned from practice of this invention. The objectives and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the preferred embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the guide seat.

[0029] Reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Guide rail; 2. Guide seat; 21. Limiting structure; 22. Waist-shaped hole; 3a. Upper row of rollers pair; 3b. Lower row of rollers pair; 31. Roller; 31a. Eccentric shaft; 32. Bearing; 33. Bushing; 34. Shim; 35. Nut; 4. Height adjustment device; 5. Side slider; 6. Side clamping device. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this utility model. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this utility model from the content disclosed in this specification. This utility model can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this utility model. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of this utility model. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0031] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the present invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0032] In the accompanying drawings of this utility model, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting this utility model. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] Please see Figures 1-3 The guiding mechanism in this scheme includes a guide seat 2 that is mounted on the outside of the guide rail 1 and can move back and forth along the guide rail 1. The guide seat 2 is equipped with two rows of rollers 31, which are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the guide rail 1. Rolling friction is formed between the upper row of rollers 31 and the top surface of the guide rail 1, and rolling friction is formed between the lower row of rollers 31 and the bottom surface of the guide rail 1. The upper and lower rows of rollers 31 cooperate to clamp the guide rail 1 to limit the main force direction of the guide rail 1.

[0034] Because the contact between roller 31 and guide rail 1 is point-to-line rolling, the theoretical wear is close to zero. This allows the mechanism to reduce / eliminate sliding friction at the reference surface by having the roller make pure rolling contact with the top / bottom surface of the guide rail. Compared with existing technologies, this design eliminates direct metal-to-metal contact, and the top / bottom surface of the guide rail no longer rubs against the metal reference surface, thus cutting off the wear chain at its source.

[0035] To improve the stability and durability of the entire mechanism, this embodiment further optimizes the aforementioned solution. Specifically, in this embodiment, bearings 32 are provided at both ends of the roller 31, and the bearings 32 cooperate with the roller 31 to form a roller pair. Figure 1 As shown, there are multiple roller pairs on the guide seat 2, arranged in two rows at intervals; the upper row of roller pairs 3a is located on the top surface of the guide rail 1, and the lower row of roller pairs 3b is located on the bottom surface of the guide rail 1. The rollers 31 in each roller pair are mounted on the guide seat 2 through the bearings 32 at both ends to ensure that the rollers 31 mounted on the guide seat 2 can roll freely.

[0036] To facilitate installation and subsequent maintenance and adjustment, and to achieve height adjustment, the hole on the guide seat 2 for installing the lower roller pair 3b bearing 32 can be designed as an oblong hole 22. A height adjustment device 4 is added at the bearing 32 installation position. A bearing seat is installed on the bearing 32, and the bearing 32 of each lower roller pair 3b slides up and down within the oblong hole 22 through the bearing seat to achieve height adjustment of the lower roller pair 3b. Since there are multiple lower roller pairs, there are also multiple height adjustment devices 4 located below the guide seat 2, the number of which matches the number of bearings 32 in the lower roller pair 3b.

[0037] The height adjustment device 4 can be used for tightening bolts ( Figure 1 (as shown), one of the following: pneumatic / hydraulic plunger, floating wedge block mechanism, piezoelectric ceramic micro actuator, or shape memory alloy actuator.

[0038] Specifically, when using a tightening bolt, a bolt hole is made on the guide seat 2. By adjusting the extension of the tightening bolt's protruding end, the upper and lower positions of the lower roller pair 3b can be adjusted, so that the roller 31 in the upper roller pair 3a contacts the top surface of the guide rail 1, and the roller 31 in the lower roller pair 3b contacts the bottom surface of the guide rail 1.

[0039] When using pneumatic / hydraulic plungers, the process is similar to that of tightening bolts. Mounting holes are made in the guide seat 2, and the height of the lower roller assembly 3b is adjusted by regulating the extension of the pneumatic / hydraulic plunger's protruding end. The pneumatic / hydraulic plunger uses a regulating valve to control the air / oil pressure, thereby lifting the bearing seat.

[0040] When using a floating wedge block mechanism, slots for mounting bolts and wedge blocks can be opened on the guide seat 2. By rotating the bolts, the wedge blocks are pushed to move horizontally, thus converting the horizontal movement of the wedge blocks into vertical lifting of the bearing seat.

[0041] Of course, an intelligent active control structure can also be used, such as a piezoelectric ceramic micro-actuator. A piezoelectric ceramic sheet is attached to the bottom of the bearing housing. When energized, the ceramic expands, and the lifting height is proportional to the voltage. Alternatively, a shape memory alloy actuator can be used, with an SMA spring connecting the bearing housing and the guide seat. Heating the alloy (with current / hot air) causes the spring to contract, thereby lifting the bearing housing.

[0042] The aforementioned height adjustment device 4 is designed for the lower row of roller pairs 3b. Of course, the hole for installing the bearing 32 of the upper row of roller pairs 3a can also be set as an oblong hole 22. The height adjustment device 4 can also be set above the upper row of roller pairs 3a. By pressing down the bearing 32 in the upper row of roller pairs 3a, the rollers 31 in the upper and lower roller pairs can also make rolling contact with the guide rail 1. The specific implementation process is the same as described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0043] In order to achieve height adjustment, in addition to the methods mentioned above, the roller 31 can also be set as an eccentric shaft 31a, that is, the special structural form of the eccentric shaft can be used to change the center height of the roller.

[0044] Another embodiment of this solution employs an eccentric shaft 31a. Specifically, as shown... Figure 2 As shown, the middle section of the eccentric shaft 31a is the eccentric section. The bushing 33 is installed in the middle section of the eccentric shaft 31a through the bearing 32. The two ends of the threaded rollers pass through the guide seat 1, and the eccentric shaft 31a is fixed on the guide seat 2 by the clamping of the washer 34 and the nut 35. When the eccentric shaft 31a is rotated, the center height of the middle section with the bushing 33 changes, causing the bottom surface of the guide rail 1 to contact the bushing 33, thereby forming rolling friction. Similarly, the upper row of rollers 31 can also be set as the eccentric shaft, so that the bushing 33 forms rolling friction with the top surface of the guide rail 1.

[0045] In this embodiment, multiple side-clamping devices 6 are provided on both sides of the guide seat 2. The side-clamping devices 6 clamp the side sliders 5 so that the side sliders 5 contact the left and right sides of the guide rail 1. The side sliders 5 on both sides pre-press the sides of the guide rail 1 through the side-clamping devices 6, suppressing the lateral sway of the guide rail. This design eliminates the problem of side wear and also takes into account lateral stability through lateral constraint, thereby ensuring the stability of the drill barrel axis. In other words, this guiding mechanism solves the problems of durability, stability and drill jamming caused by wear of the metal reference surface in the prior art through a composite guiding mechanism of "rolling + sliding".

[0046] In this embodiment, the guide seat 2 is a semi-enclosed frame structure with an opening facing downwards, such as a U-shaped structure with an opening facing downwards. This structure is simple, easy to manufacture, and facilitates later assembly. Of course, the guide seat 2 can also be a fully enclosed frame structure, such as a U-shaped structure with an opening facing downwards plus a base plate. The base plate and the U-shaped structure can be detachably connected, achieving the same effect.

[0047] In this embodiment, the left and right inner surfaces of the guide seat 2 have a limiting structure 21, which is a stop that restricts the upward and downward movement of the side slider 5. The side slider 5 is correspondingly fitted into the limiting structure 21.

[0048] As a further optimization of the above scheme, baffles are provided at the front and rear end positions of the limiting structure 21 to restrict the forward and backward movement of the side sliders 5. In this way, the two side sliders 5 are located on the left and right inner sides of the guide seat 2, and their upper, lower, front and rear positions are all constrained by baffles to prevent the side sliders 5 from detaching from the guide seat 2 during the sliding process.

[0049] In this embodiment, the side clamping device 6 is a clamping bolt. The clamping bolt has a simple structure, is easy to install, and is easy to adjust. When wear occurs on the left and right side sliders 5, it can be compensated by the clamping bolt without stopping the machine for replacement.

[0050] Preferably, the side slider 5 is a nylon slider. Because lateral impacts during drilling operations are random, nylon material can absorb vibrations and the gap can be adjusted by tightening bolts, making it more suitable for the harsh environment of tunnel construction.

[0051] The working principle of this solution is as follows:

[0052] A composite guiding mechanism of "rolling + sliding" is adopted. The vertical load is borne by the upper and lower rows of rollers, and pure rolling contact is achieved through bearings, eliminating sliding friction at the reference surface. The side clamping device pushes the nylon side slider to press against the side of the guide rail, forming an adaptive sliding pair with lateral constraint, which can suppress sway. Dynamic clearance control is realized. The height of the upper / lower rows of rollers can be adjusted by a height adjustment device, and the contact pressure between the upper and lower rollers and the guide rail is locked simultaneously. The side clamping device pushes the nylon slider to compensate for wear clearance and maintain lateral preload.

[0053] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solution of this utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of this technical solution, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A guiding mechanism, comprising a guide seat (2) mounted on a guide rail (1) and movable back and forth along the guide rail (1), characterized in that: The guide seat (2) is equipped with two rows of rollers (31), which are located on the upper and lower sides of the guide rail (1) to clamp the guide rail (1). Each roller (31) forms rolling friction with the top / bottom surface of the corresponding guide rail (1).

2. The guiding mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rollers (31) are provided with bearings (32) at both ends, and each roller (31) is rotatably connected to the guide seat (2) through the bearings (32) at both ends.

3. The guiding mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The guide seat (2) is provided with a height adjustment device (4), which is one of the following: a tightening bolt, a pneumatic / hydraulic plunger, a floating wedge block mechanism, a piezoelectric ceramic micro actuator or a shape memory alloy actuator, which is correspondingly set at the mounting position of the bearing (32).

4. The guiding mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The height adjustment device (4) is located at the bearing (32) mounting position on the lower side of the guide rail (1).

5. The guiding mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roller (31) is an eccentric shaft with an eccentric middle section. The bushing (33) is installed in the middle section of the roller (31) through a bearing. Rolling friction is formed between the top / bottom surface of the guide rail (1) and the bushing (33).

6. The guiding mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Side sliders (5) are provided on the left and right inner sides of the guide seat (2). Each side slider (5) is pressed by a side clamping device (6) installed on the guide seat (2) so that each side slider (5) contacts the left and right sides of the guide rail (1).

7. The guiding mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: The guide seat (2) has a limiting structure (21) on its left and right inner sides, and the side slider (5) is fitted into the limiting structure (21).

8. The guiding mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that: The limiting structure (21) includes a stop that restricts the up and down movement of the side slider (5).

9. The guiding mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: The side slider (5) is a nylon slider.

10. The guiding mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: The side clamping device (6) is a clamping bolt.

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