Display substrate and display device

Abstract

A display substrate and a display device are disclosed. The display substrate includes a substrate, a pixel defining layer, a light-shielding layer, and an optical path adjustment layer. The pixel defining layer is disposed on the substrate and includes a plurality of sub-pixel openings. The light-shielding layer is disposed on the side of the pixel defining layer away from the substrate and includes a plurality of first light-transmitting openings, wherein, in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, the plurality of first light-transmitting openings overlap with the plurality of sub-pixel openings. The optical path adjustment layer is disposed on one side of the light-shielding layer and includes a plurality of optical path adjustment regions, wherein, in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, the plurality of optical path adjustment regions overlap with the plurality of first light-transmitting openings. The optical path adjustment layer has different optical path lengths in the plurality of optical path adjustment regions. This display substrate has a better display effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of this disclosure relate to a display substrate and a display device. Background Technology

[0002] OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) display devices have a series of advantages such as self-illumination, high contrast, high definition, wide viewing angle, low power consumption, fast response speed, and low manufacturing cost. As a result, they have become one of the key development directions for next-generation display devices and have therefore received increasing attention. Utility Model Content

[0003] At least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a display substrate, which includes a substrate, a pixel defining layer, a light-shielding layer, and an optical path adjustment layer. The pixel defining layer is disposed on the substrate and includes a plurality of sub-pixel openings. The light-shielding layer is disposed on the side of the pixel defining layer away from the substrate and includes a plurality of first light-transmitting openings, wherein, in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, the plurality of first light-transmitting openings overlap with the plurality of sub-pixel openings. The optical path adjustment layer is disposed on one side of the light-shielding layer and includes a plurality of optical path adjustment regions, wherein, in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, the plurality of optical path adjustment regions overlap with the plurality of first light-transmitting openings, and the optical path adjustment layer has different optical paths in the plurality of optical path adjustment regions.

[0004] For example, in a display substrate provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the optical path adjustment layer includes a first optical path adjustment layer and a second optical path adjustment layer; the first optical path adjustment layer includes a plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns, and the second optical path adjustment layer is configured to planarize the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns, wherein the first optical path adjustment layer and the second optical path adjustment layer have different optical refractive indices.

[0005] For example, in a display substrate provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the refractive index difference between the first optical path adjustment layer and the second optical path adjustment layer is 0.3-0.7.

[0006] For example, in the display substrate provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure, one of the first optical path adjustment layer and the second optical path adjustment layer has a refractive index of 1.3-1.6, and the other has a refractive index of 1.6-2.0.

[0007] For example, in a display substrate provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the plurality of optical path adjustment regions include a first optical path adjustment region, and the optical path adjustment layer has different optical paths in the first optical path adjustment region.

[0008] For example, in at least one embodiment of the display substrate provided in this disclosure, the first optical path adjustment layer has a different thickness in the first optical path adjustment region.

[0009] For example, in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the display substrate has a plurality of first sub-pixels with the same light emission color, the plurality of optical path adjustment regions include a plurality of first optical path adjustment regions overlapping with a first light-transmitting opening in the plurality of first sub-pixels, and the optical path adjustment layer has different optical paths in at least two of the plurality of first optical path adjustment regions.

[0010] For example, in the display substrate provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the first optical path adjustment layer has different thicknesses in the at least two first optical path adjustment regions, or the first optical path adjustment pattern of the first optical path adjustment layer in the at least two first optical path adjustment regions is disposed at different positions; or the first optical path adjustment pattern of the first optical path adjustment layer in the at least two first optical path adjustment regions has different dimensions in the direction parallel to the substrate.

[0011] For example, in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns have a rectangular, trapezoidal, semi-circular or circular cross-section in the direction perpendicular to the substrate.

[0012] For example, in at least one embodiment of the display substrate provided in this disclosure, the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns have a rectangular, square, triangular or circular cross-section in a direction parallel to the substrate.

[0013] For example, in the display substrate provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns have a semi-circular longitudinal section in the direction perpendicular to the substrate, the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns are arranged continuously, or at least some of the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns are arranged at intervals, or at least some of the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns have different maximum heights in the direction perpendicular to the substrate; or at least some of the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns have different diameters in the direction parallel to the substrate.

[0014] For example, in the display substrate provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns have a circular longitudinal section in the direction perpendicular to the substrate, the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns are arranged continuously, or at least some of the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns are arranged at intervals, or at least some of the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns are at different distances from the substrate; or the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns have different diameters.

[0015] For example, in a display substrate provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns of the first optical path adjustment layer are generally wavy.

[0016] For example, in at least one embodiment of the display substrate provided in this disclosure, the optical path adjustment layer is disposed on the side of the light-shielding layer that is close to or far from the substrate.

[0017] For example, in at least one embodiment of the display substrate provided in this disclosure, the optical path adjustment layer further includes a third optical path adjustment layer disposed on one side of the second optical path adjustment layer.

[0018] For example, in a display substrate provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the optical path adjustment layer includes an alignment layer and a liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal layer being disposed on the side of the alignment layer away from the substrate, wherein the liquid crystal layer has different optical paths in the plurality of optical path adjustment regions.

[0019] For example, in a display substrate provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the liquid crystal layer includes a plurality of nematic single-axis liquid crystal molecules, at least some of the nematic single-axis liquid crystal molecules have different Δn values, or at least some of the nematic single-axis liquid crystal molecules have different tilt angles.

[0020] For example, in a display substrate provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the liquid crystal layer includes a plurality of nematic single-optical-axis liquid crystal molecules, the optical axes of the plurality of nematic single-optical-axis liquid crystal molecules are parallel to the substrate, and at least some of the nematic single-optical-axis liquid crystal molecules have different Δn values.

[0021] For example, in a display substrate provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the liquid crystal layer includes a plurality of cholesteric liquid crystal molecules, and at least some of the cholesteric liquid crystal molecules have different optical rotation properties.

[0022] For example, in a display substrate provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the optical path adjustment layer is disposed on the side of the light-shielding layer near the substrate.

[0023] At least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a display device, which includes a display substrate provided in the embodiments of this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of this disclosure and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0025] Figure 1AThis is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display substrate provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figure 1B This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of another display substrate provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 1C A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a first optical path adjustment pattern in a display substrate provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0028] Figures 2-6 These are partial cross-sectional schematic diagrams of different display substrates provided in embodiments of this disclosure;

[0029] Figures 7-10 These are partial cross-sectional schematic diagrams of different display substrates provided in embodiments of this disclosure;

[0030] Figures 11-13 These are partial cross-sectional schematic diagrams of different display substrates provided in embodiments of this disclosure;

[0031] Figures 14-17 These are partial cross-sectional schematic diagrams of different display substrates provided in embodiments of this disclosure;

[0032] Figure 18 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of another display substrate provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figures 19-21 This is a planar schematic diagram of different pixel units in different display substrates provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0034] Figures 22-25 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of different pixel units in different display substrates provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0035] Figures 26-27 These are partial cross-sectional schematic diagrams of different display substrates provided in embodiments of this disclosure;

[0036] Figure 28 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of another display substrate provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0037] Figure 29 for Figure 28 A schematic diagram showing the difference in optical path and optical path length between left-handed and right-handed light when the cholesteric liquid crystal molecules in the display substrate are left-handed liquid crystal molecules.

[0038] Figures 30-31 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of different pixel units in different display substrates provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0039] Figure 32 A diffraction simulation diagram of a traditional display substrate; and

[0040] Figure 33 A diffraction simulation diagram of a display substrate provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of this disclosure without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0042] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as “comprising” or “including” mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as “connected” or “linked” are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right” are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described objects changes.

[0043] In OLEDs, red, green and blue pixels are usually arranged side by side to achieve full color in OLED display devices. In this case, the display substrate usually needs to be combined with a polarizer to achieve a good display effect.

[0044] In some display substrates, COE (Color Filter on Encapsulation) technology can be used to save power and improve light transmittance. COE technology uses a combination of a black matrix and a color filter to replace the original polarizer, resulting in display substrates with advantages such as a high color gamut. However, when the display substrate is illuminated by a point light source in the screen-off state, the reflected light diffracts due to the openings in the black matrix, causing color separation. Furthermore, since the film layers in the sub-pixel openings may not be completely flat, various stray lights may be present in the color separation pattern. All of these factors affect the display performance of the substrate.

[0045] In this regard, at least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display substrate and a display device. The display substrate includes a substrate, a pixel defining layer, a light-shielding layer, and an optical path adjustment layer; the pixel defining layer is disposed on the substrate and includes a plurality of sub-pixel openings; the light-shielding layer is disposed on the side of the pixel defining layer away from the substrate and includes a plurality of first light-transmitting openings, wherein, in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, the plurality of first light-transmitting openings overlap with the plurality of sub-pixel openings; the optical path adjustment layer is disposed on one side of the light-shielding layer and includes a plurality of optical path adjustment regions, wherein, in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, the plurality of optical path adjustment regions overlap with the plurality of first light-transmitting openings, and the optical path adjustment layer has different optical paths in the plurality of optical path adjustment regions.

[0046] In the display substrate provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure, an optical path adjustment layer is provided. Through the optical path adjustment layer, different optical paths can be set for different sub-pixels of the same color or different regions of the same sub-pixel, thereby breaking the stable phase difference between diffracted light, destroying interference, improving the obvious bright and dark stripes of color separation, and improving the display effect of the display substrate.

[0047] The display substrate and display device provided in this disclosure will be described below through several specific embodiments.

[0048] This disclosure provides a display substrate in at least one embodiment. Figure 1A A partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the display substrate is shown, as follows: Figure 1A As shown, the display substrate has multiple sub-pixels SP, including a substrate 110, a pixel defining layer 120, a light-shielding layer 130, and an optical path adjustment layer 160.

[0049] like Figure 1A As shown, a pixel defining layer 120 is disposed on a substrate 110 and includes a plurality of sub-pixel openings 121 for defining the light-emitting regions of a plurality of sub-pixels SP. For example, each sub-pixel SP includes a light-emitting device EM, the light-emitting device EM including a first electrode E1, a second electrode E2, and a light-emitting material layer E3 between the first electrode E1 and the second electrode E2. The sub-pixel opening 121 exposes the first electrode E1, and at least a portion of the second electrode E2 and the light-emitting material layer E3 are located in the sub-pixel opening 121. The portion of the light-emitting material layer E3 located in the sub-pixel opening 121 can be driven by the first electrode E1 and the second electrode E2 to emit light.

[0050] For example, such as Figure 1A As shown, the display substrate also includes a driving circuit layer 111 disposed on the substrate 110, a planarization layer 112 disposed on the side of the driving circuit layer 111 away from the substrate 110, and a plurality of first electrodes E1 disposed on the side of the planarization layer 112 away from the substrate 110.

[0051] For example, the driving circuit layer 111 includes multiple pixel driving circuits, each pixel driving circuit including multiple thin-film transistors and storage capacitors, etc., and can be formed as a 2T1C (i.e., including two transistors and one storage capacitor), 3T1C (i.e., including three transistors and one storage capacitor), 7T1C (i.e., including seven transistors and one storage capacitor), 8T1C (i.e., including eight transistors and one storage capacitor), or 8T2C (i.e., including eight transistors and two storage capacitors), etc. The embodiments of this disclosure do not limit the specific form of the driving circuit layer 111 and the multiple pixel driving circuits.

[0052] For example, each sub-pixel SP includes a pixel driving circuit. The first electrode E1 can be an anode and is connected to the corresponding pixel driving circuit through a via in the planarization layer 112, so that the light-emitting device EM is controlled by the pixel driving circuit. For example, the first electrode E1 is used to transmit pixel voltage, such as a high-level voltage. For example, depending on the different emission colors of each sub-pixel SP, the light-emitting layer E3 can be a red light-emitting layer, a green light-emitting layer, or a blue light-emitting layer, etc. For example, the second electrode E2 is a cathode, and the cathodes of multiple sub-pixels SP can be integrally connected to transmit a common voltage, such as a low-level voltage; thus, a voltage difference is generated between the first electrode E1 and the second electrode EM2 to drive the light-emitting layer E3 to emit light.

[0053] like Figure 1A As shown, the light-shielding layer 130 is disposed on the side of the pixel defining layer 120 away from the substrate 110. The light-shielding layer 130 includes a plurality of first light-transmitting openings 131 in a direction perpendicular to the substrate 110 (i.e., Figure 1A In the vertical direction of the image, multiple first light-transmitting openings 131 overlap with multiple sub-pixel openings 121 to transmit light emitted by the light-emitting device EM. For example, in some embodiments, the light-shielding layer 130 can be implemented as a black matrix layer. For example, color filter patterns 132 can be provided in the multiple first light-transmitting openings 131 to transmit light of corresponding colors.

[0054] For example, multiple sub-pixels SP may include a first color sub-pixel SP1, a second color sub-pixel SP2, and a third color sub-pixel SP3. For instance, the first color sub-pixel SP1, the second color sub-pixel SP2, and the third color sub-pixel SP3 may be one of a red sub-pixel, a blue sub-image color sub-pixel, and a green sub-pixel, respectively. For example, the color filter pattern 132 corresponding to the red sub-pixel can transmit red light, the color filter pattern 132 corresponding to the blue sub-image color sub-pixel can transmit blue light, and the color filter pattern 132 corresponding to the green sub-image color sub-pixel can transmit green light, thereby making the monochromatic light emitted by the multiple sub-pixels SP purer.

[0055] like Figure 1A As shown, the optical path adjustment layer 160 is disposed on one side of the light-shielding layer 130. For example, the optical path adjustment layer 160 is disposed on the side of the light-shielding layer 130 away from the substrate 110; or, the optical path adjustment layer 160 is disposed on the side of the light-shielding layer 130 closer to the substrate 110, as shown in the reference diagram. Figure 1B .

[0056] like Figure 1A As shown, the optical path adjustment layer 160 includes a plurality of optical path adjustment regions 161. In a direction perpendicular to the substrate 110, the plurality of optical path adjustment regions 161 overlap with a plurality of first light-transmitting openings 131, that is, the plurality of optical path adjustment regions 161 and the plurality of first light-transmitting openings 131 have a one-to-one correspondence. The optical path adjustment layer 160 has different optical path lengths in the plurality of optical path adjustment regions 161. For example, in some examples, the plurality of optical path adjustment regions 161 also overlap with the sub-pixel openings 121 of a plurality of sub-pixels SP.

[0057] In the embodiments of this disclosure, the optical path adjustment layer 160 having different optical paths in multiple optical path adjustment regions 161 includes various cases. For example, the optical path adjustment layer 160 has different optical paths in the same optical path adjustment region 161; for example, the optical path adjustment layer 160 has different optical paths in different optical path adjustment regions 161; for example, the optical path adjustment layer 160 has the same optical path in some optical path adjustment regions 161 and different optical paths in other optical path adjustment regions 161, etc., as long as the optical path adjustment layer 160 is not completely identical in multiple optical path adjustment regions 161.

[0058] Therefore, by setting an optical path adjustment layer, different optical paths can be set for different sub-pixels of the same color or different regions of the same sub-pixel. For example, different optical paths can be set randomly. The optical path adjustment layer 160 can also be called a random optical path layer. It can break the stable phase difference between diffracted light, destroy interference, improve the obvious bright and dark stripes of color separation, and improve the display effect of the display substrate.

[0059] For example, in some embodiments, such as Figure 1A As shown, the optical path adjustment layer 160 includes multiple optical path adjustment layers. Figure 1A The diagram shows that the optical path adjustment layer 160 includes a first optical path adjustment layer 1601 and a second optical path adjustment layer 1602; in other embodiments, the optical path adjustment layer 160 may also include more optical path adjustment layers, which will be described in detail later. For example, as... Figure 1A As shown, the first optical path adjustment layer 1601 includes multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A, and the second optical path adjustment layer 160 is configured to planarize the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A; the first optical path adjustment layer 160 and the second optical path adjustment layer 160 have different refractive indices. Therefore, different optical paths can be achieved by designing the shape, size, and position of the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A.

[0060] For example, such as Figure 1A As shown, in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 110, in the region where the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A is not formed, the thickness of the second optical path adjustment layer 1602 is d1; in the region where the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A is formed, the thickness of the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A is d. 2-2 The thickness of the second optical path adjustment layer 1602 covering the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A is d. 2-1 d 2-1 + d 2-2 = d1. The refractive index of the first optical path adjustment layer 1601 is n1, and the refractive index of the second optical path adjustment layer 1601 is n2. Therefore, in the region where the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A is not set, the optical path L1 of the optical path adjustment layer 160 is n2. d1, in the area where the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A is set, the optical path of the optical path adjustment layer 160 is L2=n1. d 2-2 +n2 d 2-1 Since n1≠n2, L1≠L2, thus the optical path adjustment layer 160 achieves two different optical paths at different positions.

[0061] For example, in some embodiments, the refractive index difference between the first optical path adjustment layer 1601 and the second optical path adjustment layer 1602 can be 0.3-0.7. For example, one of the first optical path adjustment layer 1601 and the second optical path adjustment layer 1602 may have a refractive index of 1.3-1.6, such as 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, or 1.6; while the other may have a refractive index of 1.6-2.0, such as 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, or 2.0. For example, the first optical path adjustment layer 1601 may have a refractive index of 1.3-1.6, and the second optical path adjustment layer 1602 may have a refractive index of 1.6-2.0; or the second optical path adjustment layer 1602 may have a refractive index of 1.3-1.6, and the first optical path adjustment layer 1601 may have a refractive index of 1.6-2.0. Thus, by using the first optical path adjustment layer 1601 and the second optical path adjustment layer 1602 with different refractive indices, the optical path can be adjusted more flexibly.

[0062] For example, in Figure 1A In the embodiments, the refractive index of the first optical path adjustment layer 1601 is higher than the refractive index of the second optical path adjustment layer 1602. For example, the refractive index of the first optical path adjustment layer 1601 is 1.6-2.0, such as 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9 or 2.0, and the refractive index of the second optical path adjustment layer 1602 is 1.6-2.0, such as 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9 or 2.0.

[0063] For example, both the first optical path adjustment layer 1601 and the second optical path adjustment layer 1602 can be made of inorganic or organic insulating materials. For example, in some embodiments, the first optical path adjustment layer 1601 can be made of inorganic insulating materials such as silicon nitride, silicon oxide, or silicon oxynitride, or organic insulating materials such as optically transparent adhesive (OC) or polyimide, and the second optical path adjustment layer 1602 can be made of organic insulating materials such as optically transparent adhesive (OC) or polyimide to achieve better planarization.

[0064] For example, in different embodiments, the shape, size, position, etc. of multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A can be designed to achieve different optical paths in the same optical path adjustment area, or to achieve different optical paths in different optical path adjustment areas.

[0065] For example, in some embodiments, such as Figure 1A As shown, the multiple optical path adjustment regions 161 include a first optical path adjustment region 161A, and the optical path adjustment layer 160 has different optical paths in the first optical path adjustment region 161A. That is, the optical path adjustment layer 160 has different optical paths corresponding to different regions of the first light-transmitting opening 131 of the same sub-pixel SP, thereby realizing optical path adjustment for different regions of the same sub-pixel SP and improving color separation phenomenon.

[0066] For example, in some embodiments, the first optical path adjustment layer 1601 has a different thickness in the first optical path adjustment region 161A. For example, in the location where the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A is not set, the thickness of the first optical path adjustment layer 1601 is 0, and in the location where the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A is set, the thickness of the first optical path adjustment layer 1601 is greater than 0, for example, Figure 1A d in 2-2 Furthermore, at the location where the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A is set, the thickness of the first optical path adjustment layer 1601 can also be different to achieve different optical paths.

[0067] For example, in other embodiments, the display substrate has a plurality of first sub-pixels SP1 with the same emission color, and a plurality of optical path adjustment regions 161 include a plurality of first optical path adjustment regions 161A that overlap with the first light-transmitting openings 131 in the plurality of first sub-pixels SP1. That is, the plurality of first optical path adjustment regions 161A have a one-to-one correspondence with the first light-transmitting openings 131 of the plurality of first sub-pixels SP1 with the same emission color. At least two of the first optical path adjustment regions 161A in the optical path adjustment layer 160 have different optical paths.

[0068] For example, the first optical path adjustment layer 160 has different thicknesses in at least two first optical path adjustment regions 161A, or the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A of the first optical path adjustment layer 160 in at least two first optical path adjustment regions 161A is positioned differently, or the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A of the first optical path adjustment layer 160 in at least two first optical path adjustment regions 161A has different dimensions in the direction parallel to the substrate 110. This allows for optical path adjustment of different sub-pixels SP with the same emission color, thereby improving color separation and enhancing the display effect of the display substrate.

[0069] The structure and configuration of the optical path adjustment layer 160 will be described below with reference to the specific accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0070] For example, in some embodiments, the longitudinal section of the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 110 is rectangular, trapezoidal, semi-circular or circular or deformed (e.g., a shape that deviates from the predetermined shape due to process errors).

[0071] For example, in Figure 1A In one embodiment, the cross-section of the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A is trapezoidal, and the trapezoid is a regular trapezoid. In other embodiments, due to various reasons such as the manufacturing process, etc., Figure 1CAs shown, the cross-sections of multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A can also be rectangular or inverted trapezoidal (or called undercut structure), etc., and these shapes can achieve basically the same optical path adjustment effect.

[0072] For example, in Figure 1A In the embodiments, the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A have basically the same shape and size, the thickness of the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A is less than the maximum thickness of the second optical path adjustment layer 1602, and the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are arranged at intervals. By setting the first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A at a portion of the first optical path adjustment region 161A corresponding to the first light-transmitting opening 131 of the same sub-pixel SP, the first optical path adjustment region 161A corresponding to the first light-transmitting opening 131 of the same sub-pixel SP can form different optical paths, thereby realizing optical path adjustment for different regions of the same sub-pixel SP and improving color separation phenomenon.

[0073] For example, Figures 2-6 This invention discloses schematic diagrams showing partial cross-sectional views of different display substrates provided in embodiments of the present invention. Figures 2-6 Several different arrangements of the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A are shown.

[0074] like Figure 2 As shown, the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A have basically the same shape and size, and the thickness of the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A is less than the maximum thickness of the second optical path adjustment layer 1602. The multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are set continuously.

[0075] like Figure 3 As shown, multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A have two parts with different thicknesses, such as a thicker first part 1601B and a thinner second part 1601C. At the setting position of the first part 1601B, the optical path L2 = n1. d 3-2 +n2 d 3-1 In the second part, at the setting position of 1601C, the optical path length L3 = n1 d 2-2 +n2 d 2-1 Since n1≠n2, L2≠L3. Therefore, the first part 1601B and the second part 1601C with different thicknesses can form two different optical paths. For example, multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are set continuously, and the first part 1601B and the second part 1601C with different thicknesses are set alternately.

[0076] like Figure 4As shown, the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A have basically the same shape and size, and their thickness is equal to the maximum thickness of the second optical path adjustment layer 1602. In the part where no first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A is set, the optical path L1 = n2. d1; In the part where the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A is set, the optical path L2 = n1 d1; Since n1≠n2, L1≠L2, thus forming two different optical paths. For example, multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are set at intervals.

[0077] like Figure 5 As shown, multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are spaced apart. The multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A have basically the same shape, but different thicknesses. For example, they include a thicker first part 1601B and a thinner second part 1601C. For example, in the part where no first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A is set, the optical path L1 = n2. d1; In the setting position of Part 1601B, optical path L2 = n1 d 3-2 +n2 d 3-1 In the second part, at the setting position of 1601C, the optical path length L3 = n1 d 2-2 +n2 d 2-1 Since n1≠n2, L1≠L2≠L3. Therefore, the first part 1601B, the second part 1601C, and the part without the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A can form three different optical paths.

[0078] like Figure 6 As shown, the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are irregularly shaped, and each first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A has portions of different thicknesses, such as a thicker first portion 1601B and a thinner second portion 1601C. Similarly, in the portions where no first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A is provided, the optical path L1 = n2. d1; In the setting position of Part 1601B, optical path L2 = n1 d 3-2 +n2 d 3-1 In the second part, at the setting position of 1601C, the optical path length L3 = n1 d 2-2 +n2 d 2-1 Since n1≠n2, L1≠L2≠L3. Therefore, the first part 1601B, the second part 1601C, and the part without the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A can form three different optical paths. Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the thickness of each first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A is less than the maximum thickness of the second optical path adjustment layer 1602, and multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are spaced apart.

[0079] For example, Figure 5 and Figure 6 In one embodiment, the material of the first optical path adjustment layer 1601 can be photoresist, such as negative photoresist. In this case, the different thicknesses of the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A can be prepared by halftone mask process, thereby reducing one mask and process.

[0080] In the above Figures 1A-6 In one embodiment, the sides of the cross-sections of the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are all inclined, for example, the cross-sections are trapezoidal or a deformed trapezoidal shape; for example, in other embodiments, the sides of the cross-sections of the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A may also be vertically arranged. For example, Figures 7-10 The following are partial cross-sectional schematic diagrams of different display substrates provided in embodiments of this disclosure, such as... Figures 7-10 As shown, the sides of the cross-sections of the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are perpendicular to the substrate 110.

[0081] For example, such as Figure 7 As shown, multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A have two parts with different thicknesses, such as a thicker first part 1601B and a thinner second part 1601C. At the setting position of the first part 1601B, the optical path L2 = n1. d 3-2 +n2 d 3-1 In the second part, at the setting position of 1601C, the optical path length L3 = n1 d 2-2 +n2 d 2-1 Since n1≠n2, L2≠L3. Therefore, the first part 1601B and the second part 1601C with different thicknesses can form two different optical paths. For example, the cross-section of the first part 1601B is rectangular, multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are continuously arranged, and the first part 1601B and the second part 1601C with different thicknesses are alternately arranged.

[0082] For example, such as Figure 8 As shown, multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A have two parts with different thicknesses, such as a thicker first part 1601B and a thinner second part 1601C. In the part where no first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A is set, the optical path L1 = n2. d1; In the setting position of Part 1601B, optical path L2 = n1 d 3-2 +n2 d 3-1 In the second part, at the setting position of 1601C, the optical path length L3 = n1 d 2-2 +n2 d 2-1 Since n1≠n2, L1≠L2≠L3. Therefore, the portion without the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A, as well as the first portion 1601B and the second portion 1601C, can form three different optical paths. For example, the first portion 1601B and the second portion 1601C have essentially the same shape and size, and are periodically spaced on the display substrate.

[0083] For example, such as Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment, the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A have different shapes and sizes. Some of the first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A have rectangular cross sections and different thicknesses. Some of the first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A have stepped cross sections to form more different optical paths at different positions. The multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are arranged at intervals.

[0084] For example, such as Figure 10 As shown, with Figure 7 Compared to the previous embodiment, the optical path adjustment layer 160 is positioned differently. Figure 7 In this embodiment, the optical path adjustment layer 160 is disposed on the side of the light-shielding layer 130 away from the substrate 110. Figure 10 In one embodiment, the optical path adjustment layer 160 is disposed on the side of the light-shielding layer 130 near the substrate 110. For example, for Figures 2-9 Implementation examples and subsequent Figure 10-28 In the embodiments, the optical path adjustment layer 160 can be disposed on the side of the light shielding layer 130 away from the substrate 110, or the optical path adjustment layer 160 can be disposed on the side of the light shielding layer 130 close to the substrate 110.

[0085] In contrast, in embodiments where the optical path adjustment layer 160 is disposed on the side of the light-shielding layer 130 closer to the substrate 110 (e.g.) Figure 10 The embodiment can reduce the reflection of external light by the optical path adjustment layer 160, but its effect on improving color separation is weaker than the embodiment in which the optical path adjustment layer 160 is disposed on the side of the light-shielding layer 130 away from the substrate 110 (e.g.). Figure 7 In contrast, in embodiments where the optical path adjustment layer 160 is disposed on the side of the light-shielding layer 130 away from the substrate 110 (e.g., [example]), the optical path adjustment layer 160 is disposed on the side of the light-shielding layer 130 away from the substrate 110. Figure 7The embodiment described above has a better color separation improvement effect, but the reflectivity of the optical path adjustment layer 160 to external light in this embodiment is slightly higher than that in the embodiment where the optical path adjustment layer 160 is disposed on the side of the light-shielding layer 130 near the substrate 110 (e.g.). Figure 10 (Example).

[0086] For example, Figures 11-13 The following are partial cross-sectional schematic diagrams of different display substrates provided in embodiments of this disclosure, such as... Figures 11-13 As shown, the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A have a semi-circular (including deformed forms of the semi-circle, such as a semi-ellipse) longitudinal section in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 110. For example, the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A can be made using a semi-circular lens, in which case the semi-circular lens can make the optical path exhibit a sinusoidal change within one cycle.

[0087] For example, multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A can be set consecutively, as shown in the reference. Figure 11 Alternatively, at least some of the first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A among the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A can be set at intervals, as shown in the reference. Figure 12 Alternatively, at least some of the first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A among the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A have different maximum heights in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 110, as shown in the reference. Figure 13 Alternatively, at least some of the first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A among the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A have different diameters in a direction parallel to the substrate 110, as shown in the reference. Figure 13 .

[0088] For example, multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A can simultaneously employ one or more of the above-described arrangement methods, for example, in Figure 11 In the embodiments, the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are of the same size, and the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are arranged consecutively; in Figure 12 In the embodiments, multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are of the same size, some of the first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are arranged continuously, and some of the first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are arranged at intervals, and the interval distance between the spaced first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A can be randomly set; Figure 13In the embodiments, among the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A, some of the first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A have the same size, some of the first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A have different sizes, some of the first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are arranged continuously, some of the first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are arranged at intervals, some of the first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A have the same maximum height, some of the first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A have different maximum heights, some of the first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A have the same diameter in the direction parallel to the substrate 110, and some of the first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A have different diameters in the direction parallel to the substrate 110.

[0089] For example, Figures 14-17 The following are partial cross-sectional schematic diagrams of different display substrates provided in embodiments of this disclosure, such as... Figures 14-17 As shown, the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A have a circular cross-section in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 110. For example, the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A can be a circular microsphere structure.

[0090] For example, multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are set consecutively, as referenced. Figure 14 Alternatively, at least a portion of the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are spaced apart, as shown in the reference. Figure 15 Alternatively, at least some of the first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are at different distances from the substrate 110 (e.g., the perpendicular distance between the center of a circle and the substrate 110), as shown in the reference. Figure 16 Alternatively, the diameters of the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A may differ, see reference. Figure 17 .

[0091] For example, multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A can simultaneously employ one or more of the above-described arrangement methods. For example, in Figure 14 In this embodiment, the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are of the same size and have the same height relative to the substrate 110, and the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are arranged consecutively. In this case, during the fabrication process, the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A can be fabricated using an etching method. Figure 15 In the embodiments, the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are of the same size and have the same height relative to the substrate 110. Some of the first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are continuously arranged, while some are spaced apart. The spacing between the spaced-apart first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A can be randomly set. Figure 16In this embodiment, the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are of the same size but have different heights relative to the substrate 110, and the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are spaced apart. In this case, during the fabrication process, microsphere structures with a first refractive index can be dispersed in an organic material with a second refractive index beforehand, and then fabricated using a photolithography process. Figure 17 In the embodiments, the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A have different sizes and different heights relative to the substrate 110, and some of the first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are spaced apart, while some of the first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are continuously arranged.

[0092] For example, Figure 18 A partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of another display substrate provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown, such as... Figure 18 As shown, the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A of the first optical path adjustment layer 161 are generally wavy. At this time, both the first optical path adjustment layer 1601 and the second optical path adjustment layer 1602 are disposed on the entire surface of the display substrate.

[0093] For example, such as Figure 18 As shown, the portion between two adjacent troughs in the wave shape can be considered as a first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A, and multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A together form a wave shape. Thus, the first optical path adjustment region 161A corresponding to the first light-transmitting opening 131 of each sub-pixel SP can form a continuously changing optical path.

[0094] For example, in some embodiments, the cross-section of the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A in a direction parallel to the substrate 110 may be a rectangular, square, triangular or circular shape or a variation thereof.

[0095] For example, the first optical path adjustment layer 160 may be positioned differently in at least two first optical path adjustment regions 161A, or the first optical path adjustment layer 160 may have different thicknesses in at least two first optical path adjustment regions 161A, or the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A of the first optical path adjustment layer 160 in at least two first optical path adjustment regions 161A may have different dimensions in the direction parallel to the substrate 110. This allows for optical path adjustment of different sub-pixels SP with the same emission color, improving color separation.

[0096] For example, such as Figure 19 As shown, the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A has a circular cross-section in the direction parallel to the substrate 110. For example, for multiple first optical path adjustment regions 161A corresponding to multiple sub-pixels SP with the same emission color, the optical path adjustment layer 160 has different optical paths in at least two first optical path adjustment regions 161A.

[0097] For example, in some embodiments, multiple sub-pixels SP are divided into multiple pixel units, such as Figure 19 As shown, each pixel unit includes a first color sub-pixel SP1, a second color sub-pixel SP2, and a third color sub-pixel SP3. In other embodiments, each pixel unit may also include a first color sub-pixel SP1, a second color sub-pixel SP2, and two third color sub-pixels SP3. The embodiments disclosed herein do not limit the specific form of the pixel unit.

[0098] For example, Figure 19 The first pixel unit P1 and the second pixel unit P2 are shown as examples, such as Figure 19 As shown, for the first optical path adjustment area 161A corresponding to the first color sub-pixel SP1 in the first pixel unit P1 and the first optical path adjustment area 161A corresponding to the first color sub-pixel SP1 in the second pixel unit P2, the number of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A set is different, and the setting position of the first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A is also different. As a result, the optical path adjustment layer 160 has different optical paths in the first optical path adjustment areas 161A corresponding to the two first color sub-pixels SP1 with the same emission color.

[0099] For example, such as Figure 19 As shown, for the first optical path adjustment region 161A corresponding to the second color sub-pixel SP2 in the first pixel unit P1 and the first optical path adjustment region 161A corresponding to the second color sub-pixel SP2 in the second pixel unit P2, the number of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A is the same, but the setting positions are different. Therefore, the optical path adjustment layer 160 has different optical paths in the first optical path adjustment regions 161A corresponding to the two second color sub-pixels SP2 with the same emission color. For example, for the first optical path adjustment region 161A corresponding to the third color sub-pixel SP3 in the first pixel unit P1 and the first optical path adjustment region 161A corresponding to the third color sub-pixel SP3 in the second pixel unit P2, the number of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A is the same, but the setting positions are different. Therefore, the optical path adjustment layer 160 has different optical paths in the first optical path adjustment regions 161A corresponding to the two third color sub-pixels SP3 with the same emission color.

[0100] For example, such as Figure 20 As shown, the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A has a square cross-section in a direction parallel to the substrate 110. For example, for multiple first optical path adjustment regions 161A corresponding to multiple sub-pixels SP with the same emission color, the optical path adjustment layer 160 has different optical paths in at least two first optical path adjustment regions 161A.

[0101] For example, such as Figure 20 As shown, for the first optical path adjustment area 161A corresponding to the first color sub-pixel SP1 in the first pixel unit P1 and the first optical path adjustment area 161A corresponding to the first color sub-pixel SP1 in the second pixel unit P2, the number of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A is the same, but the setting positions are different. For example, in the first optical path adjustment area 161A corresponding to the first color sub-pixel SP1 in the first pixel unit P1, the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A is set on the left side, and in the first optical path adjustment area 161A corresponding to the first color sub-pixel SP1 in the second pixel unit P2, the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A is set on the right side. Thus, the optical path adjustment layer 160 has different optical paths in the first optical path adjustment areas 161A corresponding to the two first color sub-pixels SP1 with the same emission color.

[0102] Similarly, such as Figure 20 As shown, for the first optical path adjustment area 161A corresponding to the second color sub-pixel SP2 in the first pixel unit P1 and the first optical path adjustment area 161A corresponding to the second color sub-pixel SP2 in the second pixel unit P2, the number of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A is the same, but the setting positions are different. For example, in the first optical path adjustment area 161A corresponding to the second color sub-pixel SP2 in the first pixel unit P1, the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A is set on the right side, and in the first optical path adjustment area 161A corresponding to the second color sub-pixel SP2 in the second pixel unit P2, the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A is set on the left side. Thus, the optical path adjustment layer 160 has different optical paths in the first optical path adjustment areas 161A corresponding to the two second color sub-pixels SP2 with the same emission color. For example, the number of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A corresponding to the third color sub-pixel SP3 in the first pixel unit P1 and the first optical path adjustment region 161A corresponding to the third color sub-pixel SP3 in the second pixel unit P2 are the same, but their positions are different. For example, in the first optical path adjustment region 161A corresponding to the third color sub-pixel SP3 in the first pixel unit P1, the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A is set on the left side, and in the first optical path adjustment region 161A corresponding to the third color sub-pixel SP3 in the second pixel unit P2, the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A is set on the right side. Thus, the optical path adjustment layer 160 has different optical paths in the first optical path adjustment regions 161A corresponding to the two third color sub-pixels SP3 with the same emission color.

[0103] For example, Figure 20 A partial cross-sectional view of the display substrate corresponding to the embodiment can be referred to. Figure 22 .

[0104] For example, such as Figure 21 As shown, the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A has a triangular cross-section in a direction parallel to the substrate 110. For example, for multiple first optical path adjustment regions 161A corresponding to multiple sub-pixels SP with the same emission color, the optical path adjustment layer 160 has different optical paths in at least two first optical path adjustment regions 161A.

[0105] For example, such as Figure 21 As shown, the number of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A set for the first optical path adjustment area 161A corresponding to the first color sub-pixel SP1 in the first pixel unit P1 and the first optical path adjustment area 161A corresponding to the first color sub-pixel SP1 in the second pixel unit P2 is different. The first optical path adjustment area 161A corresponding to the first color sub-pixel SP1 in the first pixel unit P1 is set with one first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A, while the first optical path adjustment area 161A corresponding to the first color sub-pixel SP1 in the second pixel unit P2 is not set with the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A. Therefore, the optical path adjustment layer 160 has different optical paths in the first optical path adjustment areas 161A corresponding to the two first color sub-pixels SP1 with the same emission color.

[0106] Similarly, such as Figure 21 As shown, for the first optical path adjustment region 161A corresponding to the second color sub-pixel SP2 in the first pixel unit P1 and the first optical path adjustment region 161A corresponding to the second color sub-pixel SP2 in the second pixel unit P2, the number of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A is the same, but the setting positions are different. Therefore, the optical path adjustment layer 160 has different optical paths in the first optical path adjustment regions 161A corresponding to the two second color sub-pixels SP2 with the same emission color. For example, for the first optical path adjustment region 161A corresponding to the third color sub-pixel SP3 in the first pixel unit P1 and the first optical path adjustment region 161A corresponding to the third color sub-pixel SP3 in the second pixel unit P2, the number of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A is the same, but the setting positions are different. For example, the size of the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A in the direction parallel to the substrate 110 can be the same or different. Therefore, the optical path adjustment layer 160 has different optical paths in the first optical path adjustment regions 161A corresponding to the two third color sub-pixels SP3 with the same emission color.

[0107] Figure 21 A partial cross-sectional view of the display substrate corresponding to the embodiment can be referred to. Figure 23 .

[0108] For example, in other embodiments, the first optical path adjustment layer 160 has different thicknesses in at least two first optical path adjustment regions 161A, or the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A has different dimensions in the direction parallel to the substrate 110 in at least two first optical path adjustment regions 161A. This can also achieve optical path adjustment for different sub-pixels SP with the same emission color, thereby improving color separation.

[0109] For example, such as Figure 24 and Figure 25 As shown, the first optical path adjustment layer 160 includes multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A with different thicknesses in different pixel units. In the first optical path adjustment area 161A corresponding to each sub-pixel SP of the first pixel unit P1, the thickness d3 of the first optical path adjustment pattern 1601A is less than the thickness d4 of the first optical path adjustment area 161A corresponding to each sub-pixel SP of the second pixel unit P2. This enables optical path adjustment for different sub-pixels SP with the same emission color, improving color separation.

[0110] For example, in Figure 24 In the embodiments, the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are substantially the same in size in a direction parallel to the substrate 110, and the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A are uniformly spaced; Figure 25 In the embodiments, the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A have different dimensions in the direction parallel to the substrate 110. The dimensions of the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A in the direction parallel to the substrate 110 correspond to the dimensions of the first light-transmitting opening 131 of the sub-pixel in which they are located, and the spacing between the multiple first optical path adjustment patterns 1601A can be different.

[0111] For example, in Figures 19-25 In one embodiment, a first pixel unit P1 and a second pixel unit P2 arranged adjacent to each other are shown as an example. For example, for the entire display substrate, pixel units with two different optical paths can be arranged alternately; or, in other embodiments, the optical paths of the optical path adjustment layer 160 corresponding to three, four or more adjacent pixel units are all different, and for the entire display substrate, multiple pixel units with different optical paths can be arranged alternately.

[0112] For example, in some embodiments, the optical path adjustment layer 160 may also take other forms, such as... Figure 26 and Figure 27 This disclosure shows partial cross-sectional schematic diagrams of different display substrates provided in at least one embodiment, such as... Figure 26 and Figure 27As shown, the optical path adjustment layer 160 may include an alignment layer 163 and a liquid crystal layer 164. The liquid crystal layer 164 is disposed on the side of the alignment layer 163 away from the substrate 110, and the liquid crystal layer 164 has different optical paths in multiple optical path adjustment regions 161. For example, the alignment layer 163 may be made of organic materials such as polyimide, and the alignment layer 163 may align the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 164 so that the liquid crystal molecules have a predetermined arrangement direction.

[0113] For example, in some embodiments, such as Figure 27 As shown, the liquid crystal layer 164 may include a plurality of nematic single-optical-axis liquid crystal molecules 164A, and the optical path length L formed by the nematic single-optical-axis liquid crystal molecules 164A is Δn. D, where Δn is the anisotropy value of the optical refractive index, and Δn equals n e The difference between n0 (the refractive index of extraordinary light) and n0 (the refractive index of ordinary light), where D is the size of the nematic single-axis liquid crystal molecule 164A in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 110.

[0114] For example, at least some of the nematic single-optical-axis liquid crystal molecules 164A among the plurality of nematic single-optical-axis liquid crystal molecules 164A have different Δn, thereby achieving different optical path lengths; or, at least some of the nematic single-optical-axis liquid crystal molecules 164A among the plurality of nematic single-optical-axis liquid crystal molecules 164A have different tilt angles α, thereby achieving different optical path lengths; Reference Figure 27 The tilt angle α of the nematic single-axis liquid crystal molecule 164A is the angle formed between the optical axis of the nematic single-axis liquid crystal molecule 164A and the plane where the display substrate is located. Different tilt angles α result in different dimensions D of the nematic single-axis liquid crystal molecule 164A in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 110.

[0115] For example, in Figure 26 In this embodiment, the optical axes of the plurality of nematic single-optical-axis liquid crystal molecules 164A included in the liquid crystal layer 164 are parallel to the substrate 110, and at least some of the nematic single-optical-axis liquid crystal molecules 164A have different Δn values. For example, the Δn values ​​of the nematic single-optical-axis liquid crystal molecules 164A are different. o and n e Within the range of 1.0 to 2.0, Δn = n e -n o The optical path can be within the range of 0-0.3. Therefore, different optical path lengths can be achieved by using at least partially nematic single-axis liquid crystal molecules 164A with different Δn values.

[0116] For example, when the optical path adjustment layer 160 includes an alignment layer 163 and a liquid crystal layer 164, the fabrication process of the optical path adjustment layer 160 may include: coating the alignment layer with a material, such as a polyimide material, curing the alignment layer, irradiating the alignment layer with UV light to achieve alignment, drying the alignment layer at low temperature, coating a polymeric liquid crystal material, that is, coating a mixture of solvent and liquid crystal molecules, removing the solvent at low temperature, and curing with UV light.

[0117] For example, in other embodiments, such as Figure 28 As shown, the liquid crystal layer 164 may include a plurality of cholesteric liquid crystal molecules 164B. At least some of the cholesteric liquid crystal molecules 164B have different optical rotation properties. For example, some cholesteric liquid crystal molecules 164B are left-handed liquid crystal molecules that can reflect left-handed light, and some cholesteric liquid crystal molecules 164B are right-handed liquid crystal molecules that can reflect right-handed light.

[0118] For example, the Δn of the cholesteric liquid crystal molecule 164B can be between 0 and 0.2, and the pitch P can be between 0 and 3 μm. The embodiments disclosed herein do not limit the specific characteristic parameters of the cholesteric liquid crystal molecule 164B.

[0119] For example, Figure 29 This example illustrates the difference in optical path and optical path length for left-handed light r1 and right-handed light r2 when the cholesteric liquid crystal molecule 164B is a left-handed liquid crystal molecule. Figure 29 As shown, for left-handed liquid crystal molecules, since they only reflect left-handed light r1, right-handed light r2 will be directly transmitted when passing through the left-handed liquid crystal molecules, as shown in optical path R2. However, as shown in optical path R1, when the left-handed light passes through the left-handed liquid crystal molecules, it is reflected back and then reflected back by the underlying microcavity layer. This reflection is accompanied by a half-wave loss, and the rotation direction of the left-handed light is reversed, becoming right-handed light. Then, the right-handed light passes through the left-handed liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, because the left-handed light is reflected twice, the optical path generated by the left-handed liquid crystal molecules for left-handed light is three times that for right-handed light, thus achieving different optical path lengths.

[0120] For example, in Figure 28 In this embodiment, the optical path adjustment layer 160 is disposed on the side of the light-shielding layer 130 near the substrate 110. Since cholesteric liquid crystal molecules have high light reflectivity, by disposing the optical path adjustment layer 160 on the side of the light-shielding layer 130 near the substrate 110, the reflection of external ambient light by the cholesteric liquid crystal molecules can be reduced.

[0121] For example, in some embodiments, the optical path adjustment layer 160 may include more optical path adjustment layers, such as three-layer, four-layer, or five-layer optical path adjustment layers; or it may include a combination of multiple optical path adjustment layers.

[0122] For example, such as Figure 30 As shown, the optical path adjustment layer 160 includes an alignment layer 163 and a liquid crystal layer 164. Figure 30 It shows Figure 28 The optical path adjustment layer 160 is used as an example; in other embodiments, it can also be... Figure 26 or Figure 27 In addition to the embodiments described above, it may also include a third optical path adjustment layer 165, and for example, a fourth optical path adjustment layer 166. The third optical path adjustment layer 165 and the fourth optical path adjustment layer 166 may, for example, employ... Figures 1A-18 In any of the aforementioned forms, flexible adjustment of the optical path can be achieved through a combination of different optical path adjustment layers.

[0123] For example, in other embodiments, such as Figure 31 As shown, the optical path adjustment layer 160, in addition to the first optical path adjustment layer 1601 and the second optical path adjustment layer 1602, also includes a third optical path adjustment layer 1603. The third optical path adjustment layer 1603 is disposed on one side of the second optical path adjustment layer 1602 and configured to further adjust the optical path. For example, the third optical path adjustment layer 1603 may include multiple optical path adjustment patterns 1603A. For example, the optical path adjustment layer 160 may also include a fourth optical path adjustment layer 1604, which is configured to planarize the third optical path adjustment layer 1603.

[0124] For example, Figures 1A-18 In implementation, any two or more embodiments of the optical path adjustment layer 160 can be combined to form a combined optical path adjustment layer, achieving flexible adjustment of the optical path. For example, the first optical path adjustment layer 1601 and the second optical path adjustment layer 1602 can be adopted... Figures 1A-18 In any form, the third optical path adjustment layer 1603 and the fourth optical path adjustment layer 1604 can be adopted with... Figures 1A-18 The first optical path adjustment layer 1601 and the second optical path adjustment layer 1602 are of the same form, thereby realizing different combinations of optical path adjustment layers to achieve different optical path adjustment effects.

[0125] For example, Figure 32 and Figure 33 Diffraction simulation diagrams of a conventional display substrate and a display substrate provided in the embodiments of this disclosure are shown respectively. For example, Figure 33 Yes Figures 1A-6 The results were obtained by diffraction simulation of any display substrate in the model; comparison Figure 32 and Figure 33 It can be seen that the setting of the optical path adjustment layer 160 can effectively improve the distribution of bright and dark fringes in the diffraction aperture, making the brightness uniform in all places and improving the viewing effect for the human eye.

[0126] For example, in embodiments of this disclosure, the display substrate may further include other functional structures to achieve multiple functions. For example, such as Figure 1A As shown, the display substrate may further include a touch layer 150 for implementing touch functionality. For example, the touch layer 150 is located between the encapsulation layer 140 and the color filter layer 130. For example, the touch layer 150 includes a first touch layer 151 and a second touch layer 152, and may further include a first touch insulating layer 153 located on the side of the first touch layer 151 away from the substrate 110, a second touch insulating layer 154 located on the side of the second touch layer 152 away from the substrate 110, and a third touch insulating layer 155 located on the side of the first touch layer 151 close to the substrate 110. The third touch insulating layer 155 may be, for example, a buffer layer.

[0127] For example, the first touch layer 151 may include a metal mesh structure formed by multiple touch driving electrodes, and the second touch layer 152 may include a metal mesh structure formed by multiple touch sensing electrodes. The first touch layer 151 and the second touch layer 152 may be made of metal or alloy materials, such as copper, aluminum, titanium, or their alloys. The first touch insulating layer 153, the second touch insulating layer 154, and the third touch insulating layer 155 may be made of inorganic materials such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride.

[0128] For example, in some embodiments, such as Figure 1A As shown, the display substrate may further include a spacer 170, which is disposed on the side of the pixel defining layer 120 away from the substrate 110, and the second electrode E2 is disposed on the side of the spacer 170 away from the substrate 110. For example, the spacer 170 can isolate the structure formed on the display substrate during the fabrication process from the mask used in the patterning process, thereby playing a role in isolation and protection. For example, the spacer 170 can be made of organic materials such as polyimide or resin.

[0129] For example, in some embodiments, such as Figure 1A As shown, the encapsulation layer 140 is a composite encapsulation layer, comprising a stack of organic and inorganic encapsulation layers, such as a first inorganic encapsulation layer 141, an organic encapsulation layer 142, and a second inorganic encapsulation layer 143 stacked together. For example, the first inorganic encapsulation layer 141 and the second inorganic encapsulation layer 143 can be made of inorganic materials such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride, while the organic encapsulation layer 142 can be made of organic materials such as polyimide or resin.

[0130] For example, in embodiments of this disclosure, the substrate 110 can be a rigid substrate such as glass or quartz, or a flexible substrate such as polyimide or resin. The material of the first electrode E1 can include transparent metal oxides such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), or zinc gallium oxide (GZO), or a stack of transparent metal oxides and metals. The material of the second electrode E2 can be a metallic material such as lithium (Li), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), or silver (Ag). The pixel defining layer 120 and the planarization layer 112 can be organic materials such as polyimide or resin.

[0131] The embodiments disclosed herein do not specifically limit the materials of various structures of the display substrate, nor do they limit other structures of the display substrate. For details, please refer to the related technologies.

[0132] At least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a display device, which includes a display substrate provided in the embodiments of this disclosure. The display device, including the display substrate provided in the embodiments of this disclosure, can be, for example, any product or component with display function such as a mobile phone, tablet computer, television, monitor, laptop computer, digital photo frame, or navigator. The embodiments of this disclosure do not limit the specific form of the display device.

[0133] In the display substrate and display device provided in the embodiments of this disclosure, an optical path adjustment layer is provided. The optical path adjustment layer can set different optical paths for different sub-pixels of the same color or different regions of the same sub-pixel. For example, different optical paths can be set randomly. This can break the stable phase difference between diffracted light, destroy interference, improve the obvious bright and dark stripes of color separation, and improve the display effect of the display substrate.

[0134] The following points also need to be explained:

[0135] (1) The accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this disclosure only involve the structures involved in the embodiments of this disclosure. Other structures can be referred to the general design.

[0136] (2) For clarity, the thickness of layers or regions is enlarged or reduced in the drawings used to describe embodiments of the present disclosure, i.e., these drawings are not drawn to scale. It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region or substrate is referred to as being “above” or “below” another element, the element may be “directly” located “above” or “below” the other element or there may be intermediate elements.

[0137] (3) Where there is no conflict, the embodiments of this disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments.

[0138] The above are merely specific embodiments of this disclosure, but the scope of protection of this disclosure is not limited thereto. The scope of protection of this disclosure shall be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A display substrate, characterized in that, include: Substrate A pixel defining layer, disposed on the substrate, includes multiple sub-pixel openings. A light-shielding layer, disposed on the side of the pixel defining layer away from the substrate, includes a plurality of first light-transmitting openings, wherein, in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, the plurality of first light-transmitting openings overlap with the plurality of sub-pixel openings, and An optical path adjustment layer, disposed on one side of the light-shielding layer, includes multiple optical path adjustment areas. In the direction perpendicular to the substrate, the plurality of optical path adjustment regions overlap with the plurality of first light-transmitting openings, and the optical path adjustment layer has different optical paths in the plurality of optical path adjustment regions.

2. The display substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical path adjustment layer includes: The first optical path adjustment layer includes multiple first optical path adjustment patterns. The second optical path adjustment layer is configured to flatten the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns. The first optical path adjustment layer and the second optical path adjustment layer have different refractive indices.

3. The display substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that, The refractive index difference between the first optical path adjustment layer and the second optical path adjustment layer is 0.3-0.

7.

4. The display substrate according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The refractive index of one of the first optical path adjustment layer and the second optical path adjustment layer is 1.3-1.6, and the refractive index of the other is 1.6-2.

0.

5. The display substrate according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The plurality of optical path adjustment regions include a first optical path adjustment region, and the optical path adjustment layer has different optical paths in the first optical path adjustment region.

6. The display substrate according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first optical path adjustment layer has a different thickness in the first optical path adjustment region.

7. The display substrate according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The display substrate has a plurality of first sub-pixels with the same emission color, and the plurality of optical path adjustment regions include a plurality of first optical path adjustment regions overlapping with the first light-transmitting openings of the plurality of first sub-pixels. The optical path adjustment layer has different optical paths in at least two of the plurality of first optical path adjustment regions.

8. The display substrate according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first optical path adjustment layer has different thicknesses in the at least two first optical path adjustment regions, or The first optical path adjustment layer is positioned differently in the first optical path adjustment patterns of the at least two first optical path adjustment regions; or The first optical path adjustment pattern of the first optical path adjustment layer in the at least two first optical path adjustment regions has different dimensions in a direction parallel to the substrate.

9. The display substrate according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns have a rectangular, trapezoidal, semi-circular, or circular cross-section in the direction perpendicular to the substrate.

10. The display substrate according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns have a rectangular, square, triangular or circular cross-section in a direction parallel to the substrate.

11. The display substrate according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns have a semi-circular longitudinal section in the direction perpendicular to the substrate. The plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns are set consecutively, or At least some of the first optical path adjustment patterns in the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns are set at intervals, or At least some of the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns have different maximum heights in a direction perpendicular to the substrate; or At least some of the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns have different diameters in a direction parallel to the substrate.

12. The display substrate according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns are circular in longitudinal section in the direction perpendicular to the substrate. The plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns are set consecutively, or At least some of the first optical path adjustment patterns in the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns are set at intervals, or At least a portion of the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns are at a different distance from the substrate; or The diameters of the plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns are different.

13. The display substrate according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The plurality of first optical path adjustment patterns of the first optical path adjustment layer are generally wavy.

14. The display substrate according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The optical path adjustment layer is disposed on the side of the light-shielding layer that is close to or far from the substrate.

15. The display substrate according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The optical path adjustment layer further includes: The third optical path adjustment layer is disposed on one side of the second optical path adjustment layer.

16. The display substrate according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The optical path adjustment layer includes: Alignment layer, and A liquid crystal layer is disposed on the side of the alignment layer away from the substrate. The liquid crystal layer has different optical paths in the plurality of optical path adjustment regions.

17. The display substrate according to claim 16, characterized in that, The liquid crystal layer comprises a plurality of nematic single-optical-axis liquid crystal molecules. At least some of the nematic single-optical-axis liquid crystal molecules in the plurality of nematic single-optical-axis liquid crystal molecules have different Δn, or At least some of the nematic single-axis liquid crystal molecules in the plurality of nematic single-axis liquid crystal molecules have different tilt angles.

18. The display substrate according to claim 16, characterized in that, The liquid crystal layer comprises a plurality of nematic single-optical-axis liquid crystal molecules, the optical axes of which are parallel to the substrate. At least some of the nematic single-axis liquid crystal molecules among the plurality of nematic single-axis liquid crystal molecules have different Δn values.

19. The display substrate according to claim 16, characterized in that, The liquid crystal layer comprises a plurality of cholesteric liquid crystal molecules. At least some of the cholesteric liquid crystal molecules have different optical rotation properties.

20. The display substrate according to claim 19, characterized in that, The optical path adjustment layer is disposed on the side of the light-shielding layer near the substrate.

21. A display device, characterized in that, Includes the display substrate as described in any one of claims 1-20.

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